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Arthur Allen and Liz Szabo, Kaiser Health NewsUse Our Content

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When getting vaccinated against covid-19, theres no sense being picky. You should take the first authorized vaccine thats offered, experts say.

The newest covid vaccine on the horizon, from Johnson & Johnson, is probably a little less effective at preventing sickness than the two shots already being administered around the United States, from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. On Friday, Johnson & Johnson announced that, in a 45,000-person trial, its vaccine was about 66% effective at preventing moderate to severe covid illness. No one who received the vaccine was hospitalized with or died of the disease, according to the company, which said it expected to seek Food and Drug Administration authorization as early as this week. If the agency authorizes use of the vaccine, millions of doses could be shipped out of J&Js warehouses beginning in late February.

The J&J vaccine is similar to the shots from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech but uses a different strategy for transporting genetic code into human cells to stimulate immunity to the disease. The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines were found in trials last fall to be 94% effective against confirmed covid. They also prevented nearly all severe cases.

But the difference in those efficacy numbers may be deceptive. The vaccines were tested in different locations and at different phases of the pandemic. And J&J gave subjects in its trial only one dose of the vaccine, while Moderna and Pfizer have two-dose schedules, separated by 28 and 21 days, respectively. The bottom line, however, is that all three do a good job at preventing serious covid.

Its a bit like, do you want a Lamborghini or a Chevy to get to work? said Dr. Gregory Poland, director of the Mayo Clinics Vaccine Research Group. Ultimately, I just need to get to work. If a Chevy is available, sign me up.

So while expert panels may debate in the future about which vaccine is best for whom, from a personal and public health perspective, the best advice for now is to get whatever you can as soon as you can get it, because the sooner we all get vaccinated the better off we all are, said Dr. Norman Hearst, a family doctor and epidemiologist at the University of California-San Francisco.

Here are five reasons experts say you should take the J&J shot assuming the FDA authorizes it if its the one thats offered to you first:

1. All three vaccines protect against hospitalization and death.

Of the 10 cases of severe disease in the Pfizer trial, nine received a placebo, or fake vaccine, and none of the 30 severe cases in the Moderna trial occurred in people who got the true vaccine. Johnson & Johnson did not release specific numbers but said none of the vaccinated patients were hospitalized or died. The real goal is to keep people out of the hospital and the ICU and the morgue, said Dr. Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. This vaccine will do that well.

2. The efficacy levels could be a case of apples and oranges.

The data that Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech presented to the FDA for their vaccines came from large clinical trials that took place over the summer and early fall in the United States. At the time, none of the new variants of covid some of which may be better at evading the immune responses produced by vaccines were circulating here. In contrast, the J&J trial began in September and was put into the arms of people in South America, South Africa and the United States.

Newly widespread variants in Brazil and South Africa appear somewhat better at evading the vaccines defenses, and its possible a new variant in California where many J&J volunteers were enrolled may also have that trait. The J&J vaccine was 72% effective against moderate to severe covid in the U.S. part of the trial, compared with 57% in South Africa, where a more contagious mutant virus is the dominant strain. Another vaccine, made by the Maryland company Novavax, had 90% efficacy in a large British trial, but only about 50% in South Africa. The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines might not have gotten the same sparkling results had they been tested more recently or in South Africa.

This vaccine was tested in the pandemic here and now, said Dr. Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor whose lab at the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston developed the J&J vaccine. The pandemic is a much more complex pandemic than it was several months ago.

Some of that difference in performance also could be attributable to different patient populations or disease conditions, and not just the mutant virus. A large percentage of South Africans carry the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. Chinese vaccines have performed wildly differently in countries where they were tested in recent months.

We dont know which vaccines are the Lamborghinis, Poland said, because these arent true head-to-head comparisons.

3. Speed is of the essence.

To stop the spread of covid, the mutation of the virus that causes it and the continued pummeling of the economy, we all need to be vaccinated as quickly as possible. The inadequate supply of vaccines has been felt acutely.

Dr. Virginia Banks 103-year-old mother is one of the few living Americans who were around for the countrys last great pandemic the 1918 influenza yet shes been unable to get a covid vaccination, said Banks, a physician with Northeast Ohio Infectious Disease Associates in Youngstown.

Patients cant be picky about which vaccine they accept, Banks said. People need to get vaccinated with the vaccines out today so we can get closer to herd immunity to slow the spread of the virus.

Banks has worked hard to promote covid vaccines to skeptical minority communities, frequently appearing on local TV news and making at least two presentations by Zoom each week. Blacks to date have been vaccinated against covid at much lower rates than whites.

Theres a downside to waiting, said Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of preventive medicine and health policy at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Delaying vaccination carries serious risks, given that more than 3,800 Americans have been dying every day of covid.

4. The J&J vaccine appears to have some real advantages.

First, it seems to cause fewer serious side effects like the fever and malaise suffered by some Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccine recipients. High fever and dehydration are particular concerns in fragile elderly people who have one foot on the banana peel, said Dr. Kathryn Edwards, scientific director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program. The J&J vaccine may be a better vaccine for the infirm.

Many people may also prefer the J&J shot because its one and done, Schaffner said. Easier for administrators too: just one appointment to schedule.

5. The J&J vaccine is much easier to ship, store and administer.

While the Johnson & Johnson vaccine can be stored in regular refrigerators, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine must be kept long-term in ultra-cold freezers at temperatures between minus 112 degrees and minus 76 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Both the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines must be used or discarded within six hours after the vial is opened. Vials of the J&J vaccine can be stored in a refrigerator and restored for later use if doses remain. Right now we have mass immunization clinics that are open but have no vaccine, said Offit. Here you have a single-dose regime with easy storage and handling.

A persons address not their personal preference may determine which vaccine they receive, said E. John Wherry, director of the Institute for Immunology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. He pointed out that the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is a simpler choice for rural areas.

A vaccine doesnt have to be 95% effective to be an incredible leap forward, said Wherry. When we get to the point where we have choices about which vaccine to give, it will be a luxury to have to struggle with that question.

This story was produced by KHN, which publishes California Healthline, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.

Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation which is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

This story can be republished for free (details).

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When Your Chance for a Covid Shot Comes, Dont Worry About the Numbers - Kaiser Health News

This entry was posted on February 1, 2021 at 4:50 pm and is filed under Genetic medicine. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed. |