StemCell Therapy

You are here:

11 February 2021

An exciting discovery by Monash University scientists may lead to faster recovery from muscle injury and wasting diseases.

When we tear a muscle stem cells within it repair the problem. We can see this occurring not only in severe muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophy and in war veterans who survive catastrophic limb injuries, but also in our day to day lives when we pull a muscle. Also when we age and become frail we lose much of our muscle and our stem cells dont seem to be able to work as well as we age.

These muscle stem cells are invisible engines that drive the tissue's growth and repair after such injuries. But growing these cells in the lab and then using them to therapeutically replace damaged muscle has been frustratingly difficult.

Researchers at the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia have discovered a factor that triggers these muscle stem cells to proliferate and heal. In a mouse model of severe muscle damage, injections of this naturally occurring protein led to the complete regeneration of muscle and the return of normal movement after severe muscle trauma.

The research led by Professor Peter Currie, Director of Monash Universitys Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, is published today in Nature.

The scientists studied the regeneration of skeletal muscle in zebrafish, fast becoming the go-to animal model for the study of stem cell regeneration because the fish are quick to reproduce, easier to experimentally manipulate, and share at least 70 percent of their genes with humans. It is also transparent which allows the scientists to witness the actual regeneration in living muscle.

By studying the cells that migrated to a muscle injury in these fish the scientists identified a group of immune cells, called macrophages, which appeared to have a role in triggering the muscle stem cells to regenerate. What we saw were macrophages literally cuddling the muscle stem cells, which then started to divide and proliferate. Once they started this process, the macrophage would move on and cuddle the next muscle stem cell, and pretty soon the wound would heal, Professor Currie said

Macrophages are the cells that flock to any injury or infection site in the body, removing debris and promoting healing. They are the clean up crew of the immune system, Professor Currie said.

It has long been thought that two types of macrophages exist in the body: those that move to the injury rapidly and remove debris, and those that come in slower and stick around doing the longer term clean-up.

The research team, however, found that there were in fact eight genetically different types of macrophages in the injury site, and that one type, in particular, was the cuddler. Further investigation revealed that this affectionate macrophage released a substance called NAMPT. By removing these macrophages from the zebrafish and adding the NAMPT to the aquarium water the scientists found they could stimulate the muscle stem cells to grow and heal effectively replacing the need for the macrophages.

Importantly recent experiments placing a hydrogel patch containing NAMPT into a mouse model of severe muscle wasting led to what Professor Currie called significant replacement of the damaged muscle.

The researchers are now in discussions with a number of biotech companies about taking NAMPT to clinical trials for the use of this compound in the treatment of muscle disease and injury.

Read the full paper in Nature titled:Macrophages provide a transient muscle stem cell miche via NAMPT secretion.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03199-7

Read more from Professor Peter Currie onMonash Lens.

About The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute at Monash University

The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute is one of the largest regenerative medicine and stem cell research organisations in the world and Australias only research institute specialising in regeneration and stem cells.Located on the Clayton campus of Monash University, researchers at ARMI focus on understanding the basic mechanisms of the regenerative process, aiming to eventually enable doctors to prevent, halt and reverse damage to vital organs due to disease, injury or genetic conditions.

Link:
Reversing severe muscle wasting in disease, aging and trauma - Monash University

This entry was posted on February 14, 2021 at 6:59 pm and is filed under Regenerative Medicine. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed. |