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Cower in the face of death? Not on your life, Westmount woman says – Montreal Gazette

June 3rd, 2017 9:44 am

Stress and being overburdened may not give you a near-fatal illness," Susan Doherty says, "but in my opinion it can turn the key and open the gate." Pierre Obendrauf / Montreal Gazette

Death is a great teacher and Susan Doherty should know.

The Westmount author and fitness instructor has stared it in the face, unblinking, having gone to the brink several times in the last couple of years as she found herself in the clutches of a very rare, and very deadly, illness.

And death, she says, or the very real prospect of it, has taught her so very much about life.

Now, as she approaches the significant one-year anniversary of her stem cell transplant at the Royal Victoria Hospital on June 2, she hopes some of those lessons can be shared with others facing daunting obstacles.

Doherty is one of those people best described as a force of nature. Even at the height of her life-threatening illness and harrowing treatments, one of her doctors recalled she took such swift power walks through the hospital that it was challenging keeping up with her.

It is her unstoppable nature that very likely got her through a two-year battle with HLH, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, a life-threatening immunodeficiency.

So rare and unknown is this blood disease that when she was given the diagnosis by hematologist-oncologist April Shamy and her team at the Jewish General Hospital on Aug. 6, 2015, her blood had to be flown to Toronto because the test required for confirmation is not available here.

HLH is not cancer, but its treated like cancer, and Doherty had to begin chemotherapy within hours. Left untreated, a patient can die within 60 days of multi-organ failure and they were not sure where Doherty was on that trajectory.

Doherty, 59, is one of the first adults in Quebec to receive a stem cell transplant for HLH.

With HLH, the immune system becomes overactive and poorly controlled, which is potentially damaging to all vital organs and blood cells.

When I say how fortunate I am to have had the diagnosis in time, I feel truly blessed. People often die before they even know whats wrong, Doherty said.

Her medical crisis began on Feb. 25, 2015, with the onset of chills and a racing heart. An hour later she felt fine and chalked it up to wintry weather.

I felt like something evil had passed through my body and left without a trace, she recalled.

In reality, it was more like something evil had entered her body and decided to stay.

One doctor blamed it on anxiety after all, she was in the throes of moving her sick mother while she nursed a broken arm; her mother-in-law had end-stage Alzheimers disease; she was working on the final edit of her first novel, A Secret Music; she was teaching several fitness classes and she was volunteering in the schizophrenia ward at the Douglas Hospital three times a week.

Stress and being overburdened may not give you a near-fatal illness, but in my opinion it can turn the key and open the gate, Doherty said.

In August, she developed a high fever and the right side of her face went numb. Over the next several days, Doherty had every test imaginable.

She describes the day she got her diagnosis as both the scariest and most spiritual of her life. Surrounded by her husband, Hal Hannaford, and her children, Alisse and Reid, Doherty began my recovery with positivity and the certainty my health would return.

She maintained a demanding exercise and meditation regime and decided very early on in her journey that it took just as much energy to be positive as to be negative.

The physical pain of what I went through is nothing compared to the existential pain, she said.

Her doctors recognized her unflagging optimism as inspirational.

The way she confronted and navigated her course was extraordinary, said Shamy. She tackled every day with a smile and an exemplary positive attitude. She has been an inspiration to all of us and we have been enriched through meeting her.

Doherty successfully completed chemotherapy and went into remission for 77 days.

Then, in January 2016, HLH came back fast and furious. Shamy told her she would need a stem cell transplant if she had any hope of surviving.

Doherty had to repeat the chemotherapy, plus additional brain chemotherapy. In Montreal, only the Royal Victoria and Maisonneuve-Rosemont hospitals even have stem cell transplant programs, and Doherty was fortunate to be accepted at the Vic.

Doctors told her she had a 50 per cent chance of survival. But Doherty always told everyone her chances were 100 per cent; she just knew she would be in the good pile.

A donor was found in Germany (so Doherty made a playlist of German music to inspire her during the transplant), and she had to prepare for 50 days in isolation.

Doherty packed only the necessities: her weights, a yoga mat, running shoes, a wooden angel and her lucky shamrock. She was able to get a miniature spin bike in her room at the Glen. She focused on remaining positive, but there were moments when it was necessary to go into her bathroom, close the door and sob.

Often awake for 24 hours, there was a lot of time to fill. Exercise every day, even the awful days, was a must. It built resilience, she believes.

Your hair falls out, your muscles waste from the steroids, you have ulcers all along your digestive tract. You feel ugly, she recalled.

But there was Hannaford, every morning, with a cinnamon latt and his ability to make her feel beautiful.

June 2 last year was transplant day. As the infusion of stem cells began, she thought about the selflessness of her German donor, the countless emails from supportive friends and family that had lifted her spirits and all she had learned throughout her ordeal.

You get better faster if you have good friends and a loving family, she said. She says her debt to science is infinite but recognizes that her unshakable faith was also instrumental as she celebrates this one-year miracle anniversary.

Unbelievably, Doherty never felt sorry for herself. She believes her battle was nothing compared to the people with schizophrenia she works with and that her mission to help them is why she survived.

No matter what you are facing in life, you can always choose your attitude. Always, Doherty said. Outcomes are outcomes. But living with happiness is a choice.

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Faces: Facial Blindness – WCVB Boston

June 3rd, 2017 9:44 am

Faces: Facial Blindness

Meet two people who suffer from Prosopagnosia, or facial blindness a condition that leaves them unable to recognize friends and family.

Updated: 8:00 PM EDT May 31, 2017

WEBVTT >> THIS IS CHRONICLE ON WCVBCHANNEL 5.>> THE FAMOUS FACE LOOKSFAMILIAR?>> I HAVE NO IDEA WHO THAT IS.>> EVEN THE MIRROR LEAVES HIMUNSURE.>> THERE IS A LACK OFRECOGNITION.>> THESE TWO MEN SUFFER FROM AMYSTERIOUS CONDITION, FACIALBLINDNESS.AND A SURGEON TO MAKE HER ABETTER WOMAN.>> I KNOW HE WOULD MAKE ME LOOKLIKE I WAS BORN NATURALLY LIKETHAT.>> THE AMAZING GERMAN -- THEAMAZING JOURNEY.>> ABOUT FACE.NEXT ON CHRONICLE.>> GOOD EVENING.SINCE BIRTH BROKE HAS HADTROUBLE RECOGNIZING EMILY,COWORKERS, EVEN HIMSELF.HE SUFFERS FACIAL BLINDNESS, ACONDITION BOTH MYSTERIOUS ANDINCURABLE.>> IMAGINE GOING TO WORK EVERYDAY AND NOT BEING ABLE TORECOGNIZE FELLOW WORKERS.IT IS A PROBLEM RICK FACESDAILY.NOT JUST AT WORK BUT AT HOMEWITH HIS ENTIRE FAMILY.HE HAS A RARE CONDITION KNOWN ASFACIAL BLIND.HE HAS DEVELOPED STRATEGIES FORTELLING PEOPLE APART.>> BY THEIR POSTURE, THEIRSHOULDERS.BEARD, NO BEER.VOICE.GAIT IS A BIG THING.I CAN SEE SOMEBODY HALF A BLOCKAWAY FROM ME AND RECOGNIZE THEM.>> IT IS WHAT YOU SEE IN TURN AFACE UPSIDE DOWN.>> IT IS A NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMTHAT SCIENTISTS DON'T FULLYUNDERSTAND AND SO FAR CANNOTFIX.>> IF I TURN A FACE UPSIDE DOWNYOU WOULD KNOW THE EYES AND THEMOUTH WAS THERE, YOU JUST CAN'TPERCEIVE IT WITH THE SAME WAY.>> THEY HAVE A PROBLEMCOMPREHENDING RACIALEXPRESSIONS.>> I'M NOT REALLY SURE WHAT MOODYOU ARE IN.>> THE FACE CONTAINS LOTS OFINFORMATION.IT'S HARD TO UNDERESTIMATE HOWMUCH INFORMATION WE GET.WE CAN FIGURE HOW THAT PERSONIS.WE GET IDENTITY FROM THE FACE.WE ARE ALSO GETTING FACIALEXPRESSIONS AND DETERMINING WHATPEOPLE ARE THINKING ABOUT.>> RICK WAS BORN WITH FACIALBLINDNESS BUT WASN'T DIAGNOSEDUNTIL A FEW YEARS AGO.FINALLY IT MADE SENSE WHY HENEVER RECOGNIZED HIMSELF IN AMIRROR.>> I KNOW IT IS ME BECAUSE I'MSTANDING THERE AND I KNOW WHAT ILOOK LIKE.BUT I'VE HAD TIMES WHERE I HAVELOOKED AT MY FACE AND FOUND ITTO BE UNSETTLING.IT WOULD BE THIS ODD FEELING OFA LACK OF RECOGNITION.>> I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU ASERIES OF FAMOUS FACES.>> HE HAS COME TO DARTMOUTH TOTAKE PART IN THE FACIALBLINDNESS STUDIES.>> I HAVE NO IDEA WHO THAT IS.>> HE DEVELOPED IT AFTER FALLINGOFF OF A LETTER TO YEARS AGO.IT HAS BEEN EXTREMELY DIFFICULTFOR HIS WIFE OF NEARLY 30 YEARS,THE WIFE H DOESN'T ALWAYSRECOGNIZE.>> HE WOULD REFER TO ME AS HISWIFE.I KNEW HE HAD A HARD TIMERECALLING THE KIDS.HE DIDN'T HAVE NAMES.HE WENT INSIDE AND SAW SOMEBODYTHAT LOOKS LIKE ME.HE REALIZED I WAS OUTSIDE ANDCOULDN'T MAKE THE CONNECTION OFHOW I COULD BE OUTSIDE AND INTHE GROCERY STORE.SOMEBODY FAMILIAR LOOKING WASACTUALLY NOT ME.>> IT WAS HEARTBREAKING FOR HER.I MAKE A MENTAL NOTE OF WHAT SHEWEARS THAT DAY.IF TWO WOMEN WERE STANDINGSIDE-BY-SIDE AND NO JEWELRY ORANYTHING, I WOULD HAVE NO IDEAUNTIL THEY SPOKE.>> I TRIED NOT TO THINK ABOUTIT.PEOPLE WOULD SAY HE KNOWS WHOYOU ARE.I WOULD SAY I DON'T THINK HEDOES.THEY WOULD SAY I'M SURE HE DOES.I DON'T TRY AND THINK ABOUT ITTOO MUCH BECAUSE IT'SHEARTBREAKING.>> IS NOT UNUSUAL FOR IT POSINGA REAL CHALLENGE TORELATIONSHIPS.>> PEOPLE HAVE RELATIONSHIPSTHAT HAVE BEEN LOST BECAUSE OFTHIS.PEOPLE TAKE IT PERSONALLY WHENYOU DON'T RECOGNIZE THEM.I'VE HAD PEOPLE TALK TO ME ABOUTROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS, THEYWALKED RIGHT PAST THE PERSON ONTHE STREET AND THE PERSON DIDN'TREACT WELL TO IT.>> SHE SAYS IT'S GETTING EASIERFOR THEM, HAVING A SENSE OFHUMOR HELPS.>> A POSTED A NOTE THAT SAID JIMREMEMBERED THAT HE PROPOSED TOME 30 YEARS AGO.BY DON'T RECOGNIZE YOUR FACE.>> I NEVER DOUBTED THAT HE LOVEDME OR KNEW WHO I WAS.HE STILL REMEMBERSCHARACTERISTICS ABOUT ME.THE FACT THAT HE COULD LOOK ATSEVERAL PEOPLE AND NOTSPECIFICALLY POINT ME OUT, I TRYNOT TO THINK ABOUT IT TOO MUCH.IT'S HEARTBREAKING.>> I'M NOT GOING TO ASK WHY.I REALLY WANT ASK WHAT IS NEXT.BY GODS'S GRACE I'M GOING TO BETHE FIRST PERSON TO BEAT FACIALBLINDNESS.>> PROBABLY PRESIDENT CLINTON.>> ANOTHER GROUP HAS ANOPPOSITE.THEY ALWAYS SAY I NEVER FORGET AFACE AND MEAN IT.SCIENTISTS CALL THEM SUPERRECOGNIZERS.THEY ARE VERY MUCH SOUGHT AFTERBY LAW ENFORCEMENT.HE MAKES MALE FACES MOREFEMININE.>> THE SHAPE OF HEARSE CALL, THESHAPE OF HER CHEEKS.

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Global Biotechnology Congress 2017

June 3rd, 2017 9:44 am

Prof. Aurea Regina Telles Pupulin Universidade Estadual de Maring Brazil

The DDTWC 2013 was of great importance with respect to scientific discoveries and it was a well organized scientific program.

Dr. Uranchimeg Otoch National Cancer Center Mongolia

The DDTWC was a successful scientific program and a platform to meet numerous Nobel Laureates and some of the top international scientists. It was a great occasion to attend some stimulating lectures and poster presentations. Some of the highlights of the conference I observed were;

A. Administration. B. Scientifically motivating C. The venue. D. Social activities. E. Personal interaction of organizers with each participant.

Prof. Antonio Gotto, Jr. Lewis Thomas University USA

I found the Drug Discovery and Therapy World Congress 2013 to be an exceptionally well organized and scientifically stimulating conference. The lectures were very engaging, conducted at a high level, and exposed me to a wide variety of relevant topics in drug discovery and pharmacotherapy.

Dr. Nesrine Talaat Lamie Cairo University Egypt

I enjoyed the conference and the whole team.

1. The team was so friendly 2. The venue was nice and appealing. 3. The arrangement was good; however the schedule did not match with some speakers. 4. It was not clear for the poster presenter that there will be evaluation of the best poster on the last day of the conference. 5. The speakers did not cover my field of study (pharmaceutical analysis).

I was so pleased to meet some eminent scientists and the team.

Dr. Rathnam Chaguturu University of Kansas USA

"A fantastic conference of the highest caliber with ample opportunity to network with world-renowned scientists. A virtual 'high-five' to the conference organizers for their outstanding achievement in making this conference a grand success. I am already looking forward to next year's conference."

Dr. Frida Barak, Barzilai Medical Center Israel

Overall organization was very good; it was a scientifically stimulating event. The conference venue was also pleasing.

Prof. Illana Gozes, Tel Aviv University, Israel

It was a very nicely organized conference, in an excellent location, with excellent speakers and interesting interactions.

Dr. David Alexander Potter University of Minnesota United States

The "small meetings" within a meeting format allowed significant and meaningful scientific interactions.

Dr. J. O. Osayande Flanders Institute of Biotechnology Belgium

The conference was highly organized with respect to the venue and selection of presented scientific topics, if given another opportunity, I wouldnt mind joining the conference again in the upcoming years.

Dr. Ivor Cowlrick, Pharma Communications GmbH Germany

With regard to the congress: It was well organised with a challenging and far-reaching scientific agenda. The Hynes Convention Center in Boston is an excellent venue for any scientific congress. I did not attend any social activities but the colleagues were warm and receptive during the meeting.

Dr. Haya abdulwahab Abubshait University of Dammam Saudi Arabia

It was a pleasure attending the DDTWC; the congress was scientifically sound and fruitful in all respects. DDTWC was an excellent and successful event., It was a great opportunity for the scientists interested in various scientific fields and also to gain knowledge from the contributions of the eminent participants. It would be a pleasure to be part of the future conferences.

Dr. Denise de Oliveira Silva Instituto de Quimica da Universidade de So Paulo Brazil

It was a great honor to be one of the track-chairs and attend DDTWC in Boston in 2013. The high scientific level, the excellent organization, and the international standard venue located in a very pleasant city, made this a unique event. The high quality sessions promoted exciting discussions between researches from different fields, and led to productive interactions among participants and organizers, in a friendly atmosphere. Congratulations to the organizers!

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Biotechnology: An Overview – Good Herald

June 3rd, 2017 9:44 am

Application of technologies on biological systems, dead organisms and their derivatives and food and medicine can be broadly defined as biotechnology. It never had a particular definition since its applications and implementations on various other areas of science are enormous. From manipulating crops and plants to increase the yield to transfer of genes from one organism to the other biotechnology encompasses almost all the living and non-living entities on earth. With the drastic improvement in various machineries and equipments used in the processing of biological materials and the examining of microscopic organisms biotechnology has come a far way since the traditional days of fermentation like techniques, which also is a part of biotechnology.

In the earlier times, biotechnologys application was limited to agriculture and in the production of fermented food products but with the discovery of newer and much complicated data comprising of the most smallest of structures that are measured in microns biotechnology has been found fruitful in the production of many useful products that improves the quality of life of mankind. The categories of science like genetic engineering, animal cell culture, plant cell culture, microbiology, molecular biology, cytogenetics, cryopreservation, bioprocessing, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, immunology and bioinformatics all these come under biotechnology.

Biotechnology has wide prospects when it comes to environmental science as well. It is used to recycle and retreat the wastes that are left behind at contaminated sites by various industries. This process is termed as bioremediation. Many experiments concerning DNA and RNA and other molecular structures in the human body also comprise of a wide area of practical biotechnology. Mapping of the genes has risen a lot of interest in this decade and with the completion of the Human Genome Project newer prospects for biotechnology has paved way.

Biotechnology has found promising applications in pharmaceutical manufacturing as well. From the production of antibiotics to the purification and separation processes for biomolecules. Biotechnology has its presence felt almost everywhere. Biotechnology plays a massive role in the field of medicine as well. As more and more genetic diseases are brought into picture it is through biotechnology that we try and find ways and means of manipulating the genes and discovering the cure for the disease.

Also with the depleting natural resources for fuel and the environmental effects caused by the use of the conventional fuels can be curbed to a certain extent with the proper manifestation of biotechnology in the production of biorenewable fuel from crops. Biotechnology can speed the production of ethanol and methane for natural gas from these crops.

Overall, biotechnology improves the quality of life and brings in new horizons of modern techniques in various aspects of human life.

The author of this article has great knowledge on Biotechnology. He has written many articles on Chromatography with the great knowledge. He has a great deal of knowledge in Pharmaceutical information as well.

Photo By qimono from Pixabay

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Arthritis symptoms: Eating THIS twice a week could help painful joints – Express.co.uk

June 3rd, 2017 9:42 am

GETTY

Eating oily fish one to two times a week can prevent or help existing arthritis, according to research.

Examples of oily fish include salmon, herring, sardines and mackerel.

Its because theyre rich in omega-3 fatty acids which protect both the heart and brain.

White fish, such as cod, are less rich in the nutrient, but do contain some.

GETTY

Its though that omega-3s anti-inflammatory properties helps combat the joint disorder.

Indeed, a 2013 study published in journal Annals of Rheumatic Diseases found that eating at least one portion of oily fish a week could have halve rheumatoid arthritis risk.

Its though that omega-3s anti-inflammatory properties helps combat the joint disorder.

Paul Chamberlain, Head of Nutrition at Solgar, said: Omega-3 family of fats play an important role in controlling inflammatory processes in the body.

Hence those with any kind of itis will often benefit from eating more omega-3 rich foods.

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Research also suggests that omega-3 fatty acids reduce the expression of cartilage-degrading enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines that are involved in the progression of joint disorders.

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis, alongside osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

The researchers from the 2013 study suggest that fish oil supplements may also be beneficial.

Chamberlain said: Many people do not eat the recommended one to two portions of oily fish per week meaning they may lack omega-3 in their diet.

GETTY

This means that taking supplements may be an easy way to get the protective joint benefits.

The Arthritis Foundation recommend choosing fish oil capsules with at least 30 per cent EPA and DHA - the active ingredients - for arthritis-related conditions.

If youre vegetarian, there are other dietary sources.

Chamberlain added: As well as oily fish, omega-3s are derived from some nuts and seeds such as walnuts and flax.

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Arthritis walk gets moving Sunday morning – Toronto Star

June 3rd, 2017 9:42 am

More than 9,000 people are expected to take part in the Walk to Fight Arthritis in 41 communities across Canada this Sunday. ( Rene Johnston/Toronto Star )

More than 9,000 people are expected to take part Sunday in the Walk to Fight Arthritis in 41 communities across Canada.

In Toronto, the walk kicks off at Woodbine Park at 10:30 a.m. and runs through the Beach area with both one and five-kilometre route options.

The Walk to Fight Arthritis is a symbol of how important it is to stay active and healthy, said Janet Yale, president and CEO of the Arthritis Society. Walking is a really important way for people to improve their mobility. Its really core to our mission to get people moving as a way to help them cope with their disease.

The disease affects 4.6 million Canadians 15 and older, or one in six Canadian adults, according to the society. This number is expected to hit 7.5 million by 2036.

Arthritis is not a well-understood disease, Yale said. Many people who have arthritis dont even realize they have it. They may be living in pain, they may have aches and pains in their joints and they may think its a natural part of getting older. It isnt actually. Its a disease.

While arthritis is often perceived as a condition of the elderly, more than half of those who suffer from the disease are under the age of 65.

Now in its eighth year, the walk has raised more than $8 million Canada-wide.

Yale said funds raised from the walk will go towards funding research to find a cure, as well as to support those living with the disease through tools and resources.

There are 15 additional walks taking place across Canada this year. Yale said the goal is to add 10 new communities each year.

Its also really important as a way to bring people together in support of this common cause and to see that there are others like them who are suffering from this disease and how we can improve peoples quality of life through coming together as a community, she said.

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Signs You May Have Arthritis – David Katz, MD | Online Athens – Online Athens (blog)

June 3rd, 2017 9:42 am

Do your hands hurt? Have they become stiff and painful? Do you find yourself asking for help with opening jars? Have you started to notice a decrease in your pinch and grip strength? If so, you may have wearing out of the small joints in your hand a very common condition known as arthritis.

Arthritis literally means inflamed joint. It results when cartilage begins to wear out and the bone ends become irregular. While arthritis can affect any joint in the body, it is often most noticeable in the small joints in the hand given their relatively minimal soft tissue envelope. This condition can be very painful and disabling especially when left untreated.

Osteoathritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, resulting from simple wear and tear over time. It is characterized by a degeneration or thinning of smooth cartilage end caps within the hand. This creates direct or bone on bone contact causing in pain and deformity. OA is most commonly seen in women over the age of 40; however, men are unfortunately not immune to it! Pain is typically the first symptom of this potentially disabling condition. This is especially prevalent with opening jars, turning door knobs, and writing. As the arthritis progresses, patients can even develop a bump at the base of the thumb from the deformed joint.

Arthritis is diagnosed from a combination of a clinical exam by your physician as well as X-rays. While X-rays are important in the diagnosis, they only tell part of the story. Some patients may have very bad arthritis on X-rays, but are not very symptomatic. On the other hand, some patients have relatively minimal arthritis on X-rays, but have a tremendous amount of pain.

Treatment of OA of the hand is aimed at minimizing pain and restoring as much function as possible. Your physician may recommend the use of topical medications or anti-inflammatory medicines like Ibuprofen and Naproxen. In addition, the use of braces (both soft and hard) can be helpful in managing OA especially in the base of thumb (CMC) joint. Finally, if symptoms persist despite these nonoperative modalities, your doctor may recommend surgery of which there are often good options available when the time comes.

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MS patients await governor’s signature on bill allowing adult stem … – WOAI

June 3rd, 2017 9:41 am

by Michael Locklear, News 4 San Antonio

Stefanie Cowley of Helotes testified in favor of the bill. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2007, was told she was a no-option patient in 2011 and in 2014, she began the therapy that required her to travel to Mexico. (Photo: Sinclair Broadcast Group)

SAN ANTONIO Some terminally and chronically ill patients are eagerly awaiting the governors signature on a bill they believe will help thousands of Texans.

HB 810, known as Charlies Law, would allow access to adult stem cell therapy for certain sick people.

Stefanie Cowley of Helotes testified in favor of the bill. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2007, was told she was a no-option patient in 2011 and in 2014, she began the therapy that required her to travel to Mexico.

Cowley said a Houston company, Celltex Therapeutics, does a mini-liposuction, extracting a few tablespoons of her fat, then prepares the hundreds of millions of stem cells. She then travels to Cancun so a private hospital there can set up an hour-long IV to return the stem cells to her body.

These are your healing cells, she said. These are if you cut yourself, they're your healing cells that go towards that spot to repair.

That took my pain levels down from 8-9-10 daily to 2-3-4, Cowley said.

Charlies Law would presumably allow her to access the treatment entirely within Texas, which could become the first state in the country to do so.

Cowley said other conditions such as Parkinsons, Alzheimers and even autism could benefit from the treatment, although stem cell researchers caution that large-scale successes have not yet been reported.

David Eller, CEO and Chairman of Celltex Therapeutics, released the following statement:

@MichaelLocklear | mlocklear@sbgtv.com

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Resurrected: A controversial trial to bring the dead back to life plans a restart – STAT

June 2nd, 2017 4:46 am

F

or any given medical problem, it seems, theres a research team trying to use stem cells to find a solution. In clinical trials to treat everything from diabetes to macular degeneration to ALS, researchers are injecting the cells in efforts to curepatients.

But in one study expectedto launch later this year, scientists hope to use stem cells in a new, highly controversial way to reverse death.

The idea ofthe trial, run by Philadelphia-based Bioquark, isto inject stem cells into the spinal cords of people who have been declared clinically brain-dead. The subjects will also receive an injected protein blend, electrical nerve stimulation, and laser therapy directed at the brain.

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The ultimate goal: to grow new neurons and spur them to connect to each other, and thereby bring the brain back to life.

Its our contention that theres no single magic bullet for this, so to start with a single magic bullet makes no sense. Hence why we have to take a different approach, said Ira Pastor, CEO of Bioquark.

A dogged quest to fix broken spinal cords pays off with new hope for the paralyzed

But the scientific literature scarce as it is seems to show that even several magic bullets are unlikely to accomplish what Bioquark hopes itwill.

This isnt the first start for the trial. The study launched in Rudrapur, India, in April 2016 but it never enrolled any patients. Regulators shut the study down in November2016 because, according to Science, IndiasDrug Controller General hadnt cleared it.

Now, Pastor said, the company is in the final stages of finding a new location to host trials. The company willannounce a trial in Latin America in coming months, Pastor told STAT.

If that trial mirrors the protocol for the halted Indian one, itll aim to enroll 20 patients wholl receive a barrage of treatments. First theres the injection of stem cells isolatedfrom the individuals own fat or blood. Second, theres a peptide formula injected into the spinal cord, purported to help nurture new neurons growth. (The company has tested the same concoction, called BQ-A, in animalmodels of melanoma, traumatic brain injuries, and skin wrinkling.) Third, theres a regimen of nerve stimulation and laser therapyover 15 days to spur the neurons to form connections. Researcherswilllook to behavior and EEG for signs that the treatment is working.

But the process is fraught with questions. How do researchers complete trial paperwork when the person participating is, legally, dead? (In the United States, state laws most often define death as the irreversible loss of heart and lung or brain function.) If the person did regain brain activity, what kind of functional abilities would he or she have? Are families getting their hopes up for an incredibly long-shot cure?

Answers to most of those questions are still far off. Of course, many folks are asking the what comes next? question, Pastor acknowledged. While full recovery in such patients is indeed a long term vision of ours, and a possibility that we foresee with continued work along this path, it is not the core focus or primary endpoint of this first protocol.

No real template exists to know whether this approach might work and its gotten some prominent backlash. Neurologist Dr. Ariane Lewis and bioethicist Arthur Caplan wrote in a 2016 editorial that the trial borders on quackery, has no scientific foundation, and gave families a cruel, false hope for recovery. (Exploratory research programs of this nature are not false hope. They are a glimmer of hope, Pastor responded.)

The company hasnt tested the full, four-pronged treatment, even in animal models. Studies have evaluated the treatments singly for other conditions stroke, coma but brain death is a quite different proposition.

Stem cell injections to the brain or spinal cord have shown some positive results for children with brain injuries; trials using similar procedures to treat cerebral palsy and ALS have also been completed. One small, uncontrolled studyof 21 stroke patients found that they recoveredmore mobility after they received an injection of donor stem cells into their brains.

On transcranial laserdevices, the evidence is mixed. The approach has been shown to stimulate neuron growth in some animal studies. However, a high-profile Phase 3 study of one such device in humans was halted in 2014 after it showed no effect on 600 patients physical capabilities as they recovered from a stroke. Othertrialsto revive people from comasusing laser therapy are underway.

The literature around electrical stimulation of the median nerve whichbranches from the spinal cord downthe arm and to the fingers primarily consists of case studies.Dr. EdCooper wrote some of those papers, one of which described dozens of patients treated in his home state of North Carolina, including 12 who had a Glasgow Coma Score of 4 an extremely low score on the scale. With time (and with the nerve stimulation), four of those 12people made a good recovery, the paper described; others were left with minor or major disabilities after their coma.

Mini-me brains-in-a-dish mimic disease, raise hope for eventual therapies

But Cooper, an orthopedic surgeon by training who worked with neurosurgeons on the paper, said unequivocally that there is no way this technique could work on someone who is brain-dead. The technique, he said, relies on there being a functional brain stem one of the structuresthat mostmotor neurons go through before connecting with the cortex proper. If theres no functional brain stem, then it cant work.

Pastor agreed but heclaimed the technique would work because there are a small nestofcells that still function in patients who are brain-dead.

Complicating such trials, there is noclear-cut confirmatory test for brain death meaning a recovery in the trial might not be entirely due to the treatment. Some poisons and drugs, for instance, can make people look brain-dead.Bioquark plans to rely on local physicians in the trials host country to make the declaration. Were not doing the confirmatory work ourselves, Pastor said, but each participant would have undergone a battery of tests considered appropriate by local authorities.

But asurvey of 38 papers published over 13 years found that, if the American Academy of Neurology guidelines for brain death had been met, no brain-dead people have ever regained brain function.

Of Bioquarks full protocol, its not the absolute craziest thing Ive ever heard, but I think the probability of that working is next to zero, said Dr. Charles Cox, a pediatric surgeon who has doneresearch with mesenchymal stem cells the type used in the trial at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Cox is not involved in Bioquarks work.

Some studies have found that cells from a part of thebrain called the subventricular zone can grow in culture even after a person is declared dead, Cox said. However, its unlikely that the trials intended outcome to havea stem cell treatment result in new neurons or connections would actually happen. Neurons would likely struggle tosurvive, because blood flow to the brain isalmost always lostin people whohave been declared brain-dead, Cox said.

But Pastor thinksBioquarks protocol will work. I give us a pretty good chance, he said. I just think its a matter of putting it all together and getting the right people and the right minds on it.

Cox is less optimistic. I think [someone reviving] would technically be a miracle, he said. I think the pope would technically call that a miracle.

Kate Sheridan can be reached at kate.sheridan@statnews.com Follow Kate on Twitter @sheridan_kate

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Researchers will attempt to ‘reanimate’ a corpse with stem cells – Engadget

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

"It's our contention that there's no single magic bullet for this, so to start with a single magic bullet makes no sense. Hence why we have to take a different approach," Bioquark CEO, Ira Pastor, told Stat News.

As Pastor told the Washington Post last year, he doesn't believe that brain death is necessarily a permanent condition, at least to start. It may well be curable, he argued, if the patient is administered the right combination of stimuli, ranging from stem cells to magnetic fields.

The resuscitation process will not be a quick one, however. First, the newly dead person must receive an injection of stem cells derived from their own blood. Then doctors will inject a proprietary peptide blend called BQ-A into the patient's spinal column. This serum is supposed to help regrow neurons that had been damaged upon death. Finally, the patient undergoes 15 days of electrical nerve stimulation and transcranial laser therapy to instigate new neuron formation. During the trial, researchers will rely on EEG scans to monitor the patients for brain activity.

This isn't the first time that Bioquark has attempted this study. Last April, the company launched a nearly identical study in Rudrapur, India. However, no patients enrolled and the study wound up getting shut down that November by the Indian government over clearance issues with India's Drug Controller General. Bioquark is reportedly nearing a deal with an unnamed Latin American country to hold a new trial later this year.

Whether the treatment will actually work is an entirely different matter. Bioquark admits that it has never actually tested the regimen, even in animals, and the various component treatments have never themselves been applied to brain death. They've shown some promise in similar cases like stroke, brain damage and comas but never actually Lazarus-ing a corpse.

"I think [someone reviving] would technically be a miracle," Dr. Charles Cox, a pediatric surgeon at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, told Stat News. "I think the pope would technically call that a miracle."

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Zika Grabs Neural Stem Cell Protein to Cause Damage – The Scientist

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

The Scientist
Zika Grabs Neural Stem Cell Protein to Cause Damage
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A protein that stem cells require could be a target in killing breast cancer cells – Medical Xpress

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

June 1, 2017 by Peter Tarr Researchers have discovered that a chromatin-regulating protein called BPTF must be present for stem cells in the breast to perform their normal functions maintaining a supply of stem cells and seeding the breast with specialized new cells when needed, for instance, during pregnancy. At the mouse equivalent of mid-pregnancy, there is normally (left side) a proliferation of milk ducts (the small purple structures in both images). When BPTF is knocked out in mouse mammary stem cells early in pregnancy, however, there is a drastic decline in the number ductal structures (right side). Dos Santos and colleagues suggests that knocking out BPTF in breast cancer cells could suppress or kill them. Credit: dos Santos lab, CSHL

For years, cancer experts have realized that cancerous cells behave in certain ways like stem cells, unspecialized cells that when exposed to certain signals, can "differentiate."

When a stem cell differentiates, it starts down a one-way path that will result in its specialization and eventually its death. For instance, a stem cell in the breast can become a luminal cell, one of the breast's "milk factories." Such cells have a limited life span. Cancer cells resemble stem cells not because they can turn into other cell types, but because in developmental terms, they seem to go in the opposite direction: they begin to run through multiple layers of stop signs and barricades and just keep on multiplying.

Assistant Professor Camila dos Santos of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is studying stem cells in the breast for clues about what changes occur when normal breast cells become cancerous. Today, a team led by dos Santos, in collaboration with Assistant Professor William Pomerantz at the University of Minnesota and Professor Gregory Hannon of Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, identify a protein that they show must be present in order for mammary stem cells to perform their normal functions.

When the researchers genetically removed or chemically inhibited the protein, called BPTF, stem cells could no longer maintain their "renewing" state and began to take on the character of specialized breast cellsand then soon died.

"That was very exciting for us," says dos Santos, "because that's exactly what we want to drive breast cancer cells to do. We want to take away their stem cell-like qualitiesespecially their ability to multiply indefinitely. We are testing the idea that a drug that inhibits BPTF might have the same effect in cancer cells as in stem cellsit could cause them to differentiate and then die."

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When studying how normal cells change into cancer cells, dos Santos and other cancer researchers pay close attention to gene expression. Every cell in the breast, including stem cells, contains the full human genome. One way of thinking about what differentiates a breast cell from a heart cell is that each cell type expresses different subsets of genes.

The same is also true within each organ. In the breast, the ducts designed to carry milk during and after pregnancy are composed of two highly specialized cell types and a niche of stem cells that gives rise to both types. Each of these different cell types expresses different groups of genes at different times over the lifespan of an individual.

As the illustration below indicates, the hollow "tube" that forms the milk duct is built from luminal cells; these are surrounded by a thin layer of cells called myoepithelial cells. Receptors on the surface of the myoepithelial cells are designed to interact with a hormone, oxytocin, released during lactation. This interaction causes the myoepithelial cellson the outer layer of the ductal structureto contract, squeezing the luminal cells within. Those luminal cells are the breast's milk factories.

BPTF's epigenetic role in exposing and hiding genes

BPTF, identified by dos Santos and colleagues as essential for mammary stem cell maintenance, is a protein with a very specialized function. It is what biologists call a chromatin remodeling factor. Chromatin is the packaging that enables six linear feet of DNA in each of our cells to be compressed inside the microscopic nucleus.

With so much DNA squished into such a small space, it stands to reason that expressing a gene in the "middle" of the bundle might require loosening the packing material to expose that segment of DNA to the machinery that copies it into an RNA molecule. This copying is the first step in using the gene's "blueprint" to manufacture a needed protein. Chemical modifications to chromatinand even more specifically, to the histone proteins that provide "spools" around which the DNA is woundare called epigenetic modifications.

"It has become very clear that the opening up or tightening of chromatin, to expose or hide genes in our chromosomes, plays a role in cancer progression," dos Santos says. "For instance, exposing a gene at a particular moment might help a cancer cell bypass a 'stop sign' in a growth pathway."

The research published today shows that BPTF is part of a regulatory system that opens chromatin and changes gene expression, specifically in mammary stem cells. This opening of the chromatin turns out to be critical in the ability of the stem cell to remain "immortal"to give rise to daughter stem cells that will also help maintain a tissue such as the breast, and seeding it, at different times of life, with specialized cells. For example, during puberty, when the breast develops, or during pregnancy, when the breast gears up to produce milk.

"We now know that mammary stem cells are highly dependent on BPTF. The next task is to explore if can we use that dependency to target stem cell-like programs in breast cancer cells," dos Santos says.

The research discussed here was supported by CSHL Cancer Center Support Grants 5P30CA045508 and 5P30CA045508-28; P01 award #2P01CA013106; the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Foundation; the Pershing Square Innovator Award; the Rita Allen Scholar Award; the V Foundation Scholar Award; and the Manhasset Coalition Against Breast Cancer Award.

"BPTF maintains chromatin accessibility and the self-renewal capacity of mammary gland stem cells" appears online June 1, 2017 in Stem Cell Reports. The authors are: Wesley D. Frey Anisha Chaudhry Priscila F. Slepicka, Adam M. Ouellette, Steven E. Kirberger, William C. K. Pomerantz, Gregory J. Hannon and Camila O. dos Santos.

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More information: "BPTF maintains chromatin accessibility and the self-renewal capacity of mammary gland stem cells" Stem Cell Reports, 2017.

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Retinitis Pigmentosa | blindness.org

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

What is retinitis pigmentosa?

Retinitis pigmentosa, also known as RP, refers to a group of inherited diseases causing retinal degeneration. The retina is a thin piece of tissue lining the back of the eye. It converts light into electrical signals that the brain interprets as vision. People with RP experience a gradual decline in their vision, because photoreceptor cells in the retina degenerate.

Forms of RP and related diseases include Usher syndrome, Leber congenital amaurosis, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, among others.

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Symptoms depend on whether rods or cones are initially involved. In most forms of RP, rods are affected first. Because rods are concentrated in the outer portions of the retina and are triggered by dim light, their degeneration affects peripheral and night vision. When the disease progresses and cones become affected, visual acuity, color perception, and central vision are diminished.

Night blindness is one of the earliest and most frequent symptoms of RP. People with mainly cone degeneration, however, first experience decreased central vision and reduced ability to discriminate colors and perceive details.

RP is typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. It is a progressive disorder. The rate of progression and degree of visual loss varies from person to person. Most people with RP are legally blind by age 40, with a central visual field of less than 20 degrees in diameter. It is a genetic disorder and, therefore, is almost always inherited.

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An estimated 100,000 people in the U.S. have RP, mainly caused by gene mutations (variations) inherited from one or both parents. Mutated genes give the wrong instructions to photoreceptor cells, telling them to make an incorrect protein or too little or too much protein. (Cells need the proper amount of particular proteins in order to function properly.) Mutations in dozens of genes have been linked to RP.

Genetic mutations can be passed from parent to offspring through one of three genetic inheritance patterns autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked.

In autosomal recessive RP, both parents carry one copy of the mutated gene, but have no symptoms themselves. Children have a 25 percent chance of being affected by inheriting a mutated copy from each parent.

In autosomal dominant RP, usually one parent is affected and is the only parent with a mutated gene. A child has a 50 percent chance of being affected through the inheritance of the mutated gene from the parent.

In families with X-linked RP, the mother carries the mutated gene on an X chromosome, and her sons have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the condition. Daughters have a 50 percent chance of becoming carriers and arent usually affected. However, some daughters are affected sometimes mildly, sometimes severely.

If a family member is diagnosed with RP, it is strongly advised that other members of the family also have an eye exam by a physician who is specially trained to detect and treat retinal degenerative disorders. Genetic counselors are excellent resources for discussing inheritability, family planning, genetic testing, and other related issues.

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Genetic testing is available for RP. It helps assess the risk of passing the disorder from parent to offspring. It also helps with attaining an accurate diagnosis. A patient with an accurate diagnosis is in a better position to keep track of new findings, research developments, and treatment approaches.

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The Foundation is supporting several promising avenues of research, including gene, stem-cell, and drug therapies.

For the latest research advances for RP, refer to the Foundation publication Retinitis Pigmentosa: Research Advances.

This information was made possible through generous gifts from people like you. Please click here to make a donation to the Foundation.

*Images courtesy of the National Eye Institute, NIH

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Retinitis Pigmentosa | blindness.org

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The Willful Blindness Of Sanctuary Cities – The Daily Caller

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

American sanctuary cities are established by politicians who presumably seek to protect illegal immigrants from what they see as inhumane U.S. deportation policies. But by ignoring federal requests to detain them, and instead releasing suspected and convicted illegal aliens back into the community, sanctuary cities open their doors wide to the creation of a wave of additional victims in their own communities.

To appreciate the threat, look no further than the tragically avoidable murder of Kate Steinle in sanctuary city San Francisco. Kates killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, was deported from the U.S. five times, was on probation, and had seven felony convictions. He used a stolen government handgun to fire three shots, one of which ended Kates life on a city pier. The San Francisco sheriffs office had opted to put Lopez-Sanchez back on the street rather than handing the felon over to ICE.

Few cases are as tragic and expose the risks more clearly than Kates, which demonstrates the fact that subsequent crimes committed by criminal illegal aliens released despite the existence of ICE detainers are preventable. And the very evident risks to those new victims are what sanctuary cities willfully ignore.

There are hundreds of jurisdictions with sanctuary policies across the country. More and more are loudly vocal about their resistance; their primary cry is to accuse the Trump administration of leading a frontal attack on millions of illegal immigrants who are merely trying to eek out an existence in a better place than their homeland. In truth, the Administration is attempting to rid the country of the relatively few criminal illegal aliens whove chosen to prey on our citizens and on other undocumented aliens. To succeed, they need the assistance of state and local law enforcement authorities.

Sanctuary cities defy federal immigration authorities detainer requests, citing the reality that immigration is a federal responsibility and claiming the Feds cant impose their responsibilities on local officers without their consent. Simply put, the performance of a federal job in immigration enforcement by state and local jurisdictions is voluntary.

But the Federal government can encourage local support of immigration enforcement by conditioning the receipt of certain federal funds on cooperation with immigration functions. ICE detainers are one of the primary means used to identify and remove criminal illegal aliens from the interior of the United States. But when local sanctuary policies obstruct or ignore detainer requests and release criminal aliens back into the community, the communities are anything but more safe as a result.

A Department of Justices (DOJ) analysis in October 2014 showed that between January 1 and August 31, 2014, ICE documented 8,145 declined detainers covering individuals in 276 counties in 43 states including the District of Columbia. Of the 8145 illegal immigrants for whom detainers were declined, more than 5000 (62%) were previously charged or convicted of a crime or presented some other safety concern. Almost 3000 had prior felony charges or convictions and almost 2000 had prior misdemeanor convictions or charges to include those related to violence, threats, assaults, sexual abuse and unlawful possession of firearm or other deadly weapon.

Thats 60% of the releasees known to have committed prior crimes. Of course another segment certainly did commit prior crimes but had yet to be identified or charged. An acceptable risk? Release policies that somehow make the community safer? Not at all.

Recidivism in the illegal immigrant community can be every bit as common as in the broader population. The DOJ report also found of those 8,145 releasees, 23% had a subsequent criminal arrest and were charged with 4,298 offenses in just the eight month period covered by the report.

The bigger picture is grimmer. A separate DOJ report on recidivism tracked over 400,000 prisoners released in 30 states in 2005 and followed for five years.

The report found more than two thirds of the prisoners were rearrested within three years of release and more than 75% were rearrested within five years. The 400,000-plus prisoners followed accounted for almost 1.2 million arrests. Translating that recidivism rate to released criminal illegal immigrants in the DOJ study suggests over 6200 would be rearrested within five years, responsible for more than 18,000 total arrests.

The DOJ detainer report documented egregious crimes committed by criminal illegal aliens on unsuspecting, law abiding people to include murder, child sexual abuse, rape, resisting an officer causing death or severe bodily injury and other serious crimes.

Criminal illegal aliens held in sanctuary city jails, including those with a litany of prior crimes, are being released into our communities. They will commit future crimes resulting in death, sexual assault, robbery, burglary and others. They will cause great physical and psychological harm to Americans and other illegal immigrants alike. The future crimes are preventable if communities wake up to their obligation to protect their own citizens first.

No family should suffer the same fate as Kate Steinles.

W. Stephen Thayer is an associate of the Law Enforcement Action Network, a former U.S Attorney and New Hampshire Supreme Court justice.

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The Willful Blindness Of Sanctuary Cities - The Daily Caller

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World-first trials have been launched to treat Parkinson’s and … – ScienceAlert

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

In a world first, surgeons in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou are planning to inject stem cells derived from human embryos into the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease with the aim of treating their debilitating symptoms.

Meanwhile, another medical team in the same city is aiming to target vision loss using embryonic stem cells (ESC) to replace lost cells in the retina, marking a new direction in China in the wake of major changes in how the country regulates stem cell treatments.

While similar treatments on Parkinson's patients have already been tested in Australia, those trials relied on cells taken from eggs that were forced to divide without first being fertilised in an effort to circumvent any ethical concerns.

Stem cells are a little like blank slates that are yet to take on a specific task. If you rewind the clock on any of your body's tissues, its cells will become less specialised, until you're left with a cell with a lot of potential to become nearly anything.

In the case of both kinds of embryonic stem cells, divided egg cells are subjected to various treatments to encourage them to develop into replacement cells that could treat a condition in a recipient.

The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are largely caused by a loss of nervous tissue deep inside the brain in an area called the basal ganglia.

Losing those cells means a loss of a neurotransmitter called dopamine, and with it a lower ability to control nervous impulses that would prevent muscles in the extremities from activating.

In the case of a condition called macular degeneration, damage to a layer of tissue called the retinal pigment epithelium at the back of the eye causes the light-catching cells above it to die.

By turning ESC into cells that can naturally develop into the tissues that have deteriorated such as the precursors to neurons that can produce dopamine, or into retinal tissue and then injecting it into the target site, the researchers hope to improve the lost functions.

Not everybody is convinced of the success of trials such as those being done in China and last year in Australia.

A stem cell biologist from the Scripps Research Institute in California, Jeanne Loring, believes the choice of cell used in both Parkinson's disease trials won't be specialised enough to match expected results.

"Not knowing what the cells will become is troubling," Loring told David Cyranoski at Nature.

But the research team in China remains confident in its decision.

Qi Zhou from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology in Beijing is the stem cell specialist leading both sets of ESC trials, and says four years of animal trials conducted on monkeys have so far showed promising results.

"We have all the imaging data, behavioural data, and molecular data to support efficacy," Zhou told Nature.

He also claims the team conducting the Parkinson's trial have been selective with their potential candidates, choosing patients who will have the least chance of rejecting the ESCs from the cell bank.

In 2015, China introduced tough new regulations to deal with the growing problem of 'rogue clinics' offering stem cell treatments without due record keeping or process, making it hard to evaluate safety, or even the types of cells used in the treatments.

The changes are set to improve the ethics and safety of stem cell treatments by enforcing the use of cells through a regulatory body, ensuring informed patient consent, and permitting treatments only through authorised hospitals.

Time will tell if the regulations can be enforced, but for stem cell researchers, the changes are positive.

"It will be a major new direction for China," stem cell scientist Pei Xuetaotold Nature.

If the results are as good as the teams in Australia and China predict, it could also set new standards for the world.

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Blindness and rage review: Brian Castro plays his customary literary … – The Sydney Morning Herald

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

Photo: Supplied

Fiction Blindness and Rage: A Phantasmagoria Brian Castro Giramondo, $26.95

Throughout a distinguished career that began in 1983 with Birds of Passage, Brian Castro has consistently played intricate games with language and with literary and cultural allusions. This playfulness often extends to echoes of the lives and works of writers as diverse as Kafka (notably in After China) and, in Drift, the little-known English experimental novelist B. S. Johnson, who died in 1973.

Many diverse elements enter into the fabric of Castro's always intriguing though sometimes opaque works. Looking back over his career, it seems that finding the appropriate form for his often unusual preoccupations hasn't always been successful. There often seems to be a conflict between the demands of narrative and what really engages Castro's intellect and imagination.

His latest work has, I think, found a solution to that conundrum. Described as "a novel in 34 cantos", Blindness and Rage recounts the adventures, mostly in Paris, of the Adelaide-based writer-cum-town-planner Lucien Gracq. Cast mostly in a kind of free verse made up of lines of different lengths with the frequent use of rhymes, half-rhymes, internal rhymes and alliteration this form gives Castro greater scope for doing what he seems to like doing best, and is often very good at doing.

Blindness and Rage hops from arcane topic to arcane topic, from Adelaide to Paris to China and Hong Kong with a disarming nonchalance unconstrained by the need to tell a coherent tale. Not all of it is completely comprehensible, at least on a first (or second) reading, but most of it is lively, striking and even exhilarating.

The narrative, such as it is, is straightforward enough. Gracq has been diagnosed with a terminal liver condition. He decides to spend his last days numbering 53 he'd been assured, he insists several times in Paris.

He moves into a small flat near the Jardin des Plantes, and comes into contact with a shadowy group of savants, Le club des fugitifs, which offers writers who are about to die the chance to ascribe their last work to another person. Gracq is accepted into the club, intending to bestow on it his epic poem based on cultural and anthropological theories of play. He also has a brief flirtation with Catherine Bourgeois, a concert pianist, whose flat is on the same landing as his.

Castro constructs a bewildering array of allusions, quotations, literary jokes and puns around this narrative kernel. They are far too many to detail in a short review. Here are a few. At one stage Gracq considers travelling to Amsterdam to enlist the services of "the infamous Dr Nietzsche" and his euthanasia-computer. There are references to Pushkin and Kafka again, to modern French writers such as Georges Bataille and to the 18th-century pornographer Restif de la Bretonne, de Sade's antagonist. One could go on and on.

The topography of Paris also provides important elements to this "phantasmagoria", none more so than the area around the Jardin des Plantes. Gracq rents a flat at 11 Rue Linne. As it turns out the "Fugitives" hold their raucous meetings next door at No.13. The man who acts as Gracq's sponsor is called Georges Crepe their first meeting took place in a creperie near the place where 16 Carmelite nuns were guillotined in 1794.

Such random bits and pieces come together, as often with Castro, in the literary figure standing behind Gracq's adventures. Georges Perec (his surname an anagram, of course, of Crepe) spent the last years of his life at 13 Rue Linne. He was a member of OuLiPo, an eccentric group of writers, almost all of whom flit across the pages of Blindness and Rage.

Finally, Gracq was told he had 53 days left to live when he moved to Paris, and Perec's last, unfinished, work was a novel entitled 53 Days, conceived during the 53 days he spent in Australia a few months before his death. Fifty-three was also the number of days Stendhal supposed to have needed to write The Charterhouse of Parma, a factoid that might have inspired both Castro and Perec.

After all this, read Blindness and Rage and prepare to be enthralled and sometimes exasperated.

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Blindness and rage review: Brian Castro plays his customary literary ... - The Sydney Morning Herald

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Systemic Blindness – Seeking Alpha

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

MF Global failed on a trade that would have made it enormously profitable. AIG's (NYSE:AIG) portfolios of "toxic waste" ended up making money - for the Federal Reserve. Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers were ended like the others by liquidity, not losses. SemGroup (NYSE:SEMG) was another firm that went into bankruptcy during that period, but one that practically no one has heard of. It failed for largely the same deficiency.

Based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, SemGroup at one time employed 2,000 people in ostensibly the oil distribution business. The company handled 500,000 barrels of crude a day through two pipelines, using its 6.7 million barrels of storage capacity to do what oil companies do. Almost all that capacity was located in Cushing, Oklahoma, today's dumping ground for energy making up the WTI benchmark.

It wasn't the oil business specifically that ruined SemGroup, but rather oil trading. The company and especially senior management were convinced the oil market was behaving irrationally all throughout 2007 and into early 2008. There was, in their estimation, simply no reason for skyrocketing prices. They bet against it; heavily. The company was short so much oil that at one point corporate headquarters skimmed $54 million from a $120 million loan provided by GE Capital to build a pipeline from Colorado to Cushing to cover margin to maintain their shorts.

As is usually the case, SemGroup just couldn't withstand the collateral calls on them as WTI, Brent, and every other benchmark seemed headed, unreasonably, to the moon. They made one final, enormous short, one that would pay off to the tune of $5 billion - if only they could make it just two more weeks. The company couldn't, and on July 22 it was forced into bankruptcy court just days before it would have been proved fabulously correct about the oil market.

On July 15, 2008, Ben Bernanke testified before the Senate opining, wrongly, as usual, on many topics including oil prices. In his remarks, the Fed Chairman sketched out what sounded like balanced risks; weakness due to housing but with inflation that could keep on rising, as if the two opposing forces would somehow yield a Goldilocks result where the US might avoid recession altogether by nothing more than luck.

However, in light of the persistent escalation of commodity prices in recent quarters, FOMC participants viewed the inflation outlook as unusually uncertain and cited the possibility that commodity prices will continue to rise as an important risk to the inflation forecast. Moreover, the currently high level of inflation, if sustained, might lead the public to revise up its expectations for longer-term inflation. If that were to occur, and those revised expectations were to become embedded in the domestic wage- and price-setting process, we could see an unwelcome rise in actual inflation over the longer term.

The possibility of higher energy prices, tighter credit conditions, and a still-deeper contraction in housing markets all represent significant downside risks to the outlook for growth. At the same time, upside risks to the inflation outlook have intensified lately, as the rising prices of energy and some other commodities have led to a sharp pickup in inflation and some measures of inflation expectations have moved higher.

What some people took away from that testimony was that the Fed was out of the "stimulus" business any more than they were already forced into up until and immediately after Bear Stearns. Whatever slim hope there might have been on the inside of money markets for a further necessary rescue disappeared. The Fed, as Bernanke described, felt it warranted to worry about weak demand as well as commodity prices going the other way, hoping in the best case that the two would just cancel each other out avoiding recession altogether.

It was a fundamental error, of course, on many accounts, not the least of which was the precarious state of overall economic demand being led downward by a global money system that persisted in a state of malfunction. Bernanke had essentially fooled himself into thinking that things weren't so bad after all, and the oil market helped him into that position for reasons that SemGroup was right to suspect.

Oil prices rose throughout 2007 and early 2008 on the idea that the Fed would overdo its response. It was widely believed that the central bank could achieve a resolution, and in being careful given the gravity of the situation would err too far on the side of "stimulus."

It was predicated on nothing more than the idea that interest rate cuts were liquidity, or at least the impetus for the private system to provide it. Yet, from August 9, 2007, forward, there was in several key prices a constant reminder that this just was not the case. Apart from monetary conditions, it worked out the same way in economic statistics where in the mainstream, nurtured by Bernanke's optimism as well as oil prices, often severe economic warnings were simply dismissed in favor of optimism for no other reason than this conditioned disbelief.

The oil market was irrational, and in mid-July 2008, it started to become rational again. It was too late for SemGroup, but what is relevant to our current condition is that irrationality in terms of some expectations would continue. In November 2008, for example, a Time Magazine article even blamed the prospect for a bankruptcy liquidation in SemGroup assets for the drastic drop in oil prices.

Clearly, demand for oil didn't fall that much, but the price of oil isn't set by demand alone. It's the product of an extremely volatile mixture of speculation, oil production, weather, government policies, the global economy, the number of miles the average American is driving in any given week and so on.

No, oil demand did fall by that much and would fall much further before it was all over. Economic demand not only cratered, it has yet to recover almost nine years later, leaving oil investors as well as economic commentary stuck in a conundrum that really isn't one. Just like the Fed has more recently created a puzzle out of the very low unemployment rate and the lack of wage growth, explanations for oil's lack of follow-through into full reflation always contain the same color of 2008-type mistakes. It is almost certainly recency bias where now the word "recency" doesn't really apply. People just can't (or won't) believe at these times the world could be stuck in such a bad place.

For oil in 2017, it takes on more than just shale or OPEC proportions. Crude prices are it, and have been "it" in both directions. The collapse in late 2014 was a crucial signal about global prospects, which again officials all over the world tried their best to characterize as something it wasn't ("supply glut"). The same to a lesser extent has happened again, this time over-emphasizing the rise in oil prices from the February 2016 trough as more than it is - or was.

That flirtation, however, has now ended; at least with oil trading in a clear downward pattern going all the way back to late February (lower highs and lower lows).

Psychologically, while it aided "reflation" in that oil prices were up on an annual comparison basis, as of now, they no longer are. The closing price today is slightly less in WTI than the closing price on May 31, 2016. I have written before that oil prices were not really up, they were merely down less than last year. Now even that first part is no longer technically true. Year-over-year WTI has regained its minus sign.

This is no trivial matter for oil as well as broader matters. The Fed searches for inflation because the unemployment rate is 4.5% when this renewed downward comparison in oil tells us exactly why they won't find it. As in 2008, they are looking for demand that simply isn't there.

Even the oil futures curve demonstrates as much. Though it remains in slight contango, the curve of late has slipped entirely below $50. That is an enormously pessimistic take on oil fundamentals, and one that is different proportionally than the more-in-contango curve earlier this year under the sentimental upturn of "reflation."

In truth, unlike the irrationality of oil in early 2008 the trajectory of oil prices has been far more rational this time around. It surged from the bottom, but for a full year now has traded almost perfectly sideways. Like so many other economic accounts, it is conspicuous only for the lack of further momentum when by all historical expectations it and the global economy should be well into unmistakable recovery.

I have to believe that the lack of further price gains have been because unlike nine years ago by now the oil market is totally aware of how powerless the Federal Reserve actually is; and that liquidity, meaning global money, and therefore economic considerations, are completely unlike how all are characterized (glowingly) in the mainstream. After all, the price collapsed at the very moment Janet Yellen and all those economists like her were most sure demand was about to truly take off, and that under QE there was no possible way for further deflation or disinflation caused by dangerous monetary illiquidity.

Bernanke in July 2008 was using a world that didn't actually exist to make all the wrong moves and say all the wrong things. Somehow, after so much time and proof, a great many people still don't see it.

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Systemic Blindness - Seeking Alpha

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Aaronsburg man doesn’t let blindness slow him down – Centre Daily Times

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

Centre Daily Times
Aaronsburg man doesn't let blindness slow him down
Centre Daily Times
And heavy too, at least judging by the size of the equipment eating up space in Ron Ream's barn-turned-wood-working emporium. Ream was gracious enough to give me a guy who once nicked himself on a rolling pin a rundown of some of the grizzlier ...

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Aaronsburg man doesn't let blindness slow him down - Centre Daily Times

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Non-invasive, effective contact lenses and glasses to treat glaucoma, prevent blindness – Medical Xpress

June 2nd, 2017 4:45 am

June 1, 2017 An off-the-shelf contact lens with a gold trace and a specially equipped pair of glasses could provide a non-invasive, personalized therapy to treat and prevent elevated intra-ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. The technology is being developed by Bionode LLC, a Purdue-related startup co-founded by Purdue professor Pedro Irazoqui and Murray I. Firestone. Credit: Purdue Research Foundation/Vince Walter image

A Purdue-affiliated startup, Bionode LLC, is developing a wearable neuro-modulation device that could be used as a non-invasive, personalized therapy to treat and prevent elevated intra-ocular pressure in patients diagnosed with glaucoma.

The technology was developed in Purdue's Center for Implantable Devices by Pedro Irazoqui, professor of electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering and lead at the center. Irazoqui serves as chief technology officer of Bionode. The company was co-founded by Irazoqui and Murray I. Firestone, CEO of Bionode.

"Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world behind cataracts. Intraocular pressure is caused when the eye either produces too much fluid into the aqueous humor or the eye does not drain properly. The pressure then goes up. Over time, that pressure damages the optic nerve and ultimately results in blindness," said Firestone. "Current treatments for glaucoma suffer serious limitations concerning patient compliance, side effects, and efficacy. There is need for a non-invasive, effective treatment for glaucoma that solves these issues."

Bionode's technology utilizes an off-the-shelf contact lens and a pair of glasses.

"All we do to the contact lens is add a single trace of gold. That trace of gold receives an electromagnetic field that we transmit from a specially equipped pair of glasses to convert the field into a current. The current is then delivered to a very specific part of the eye's anatomy to achieve the desired therapy," Irazoqui said. "Our device can electrically stimulate the muscles around Schlemm's canal, the structure where fluid leaves the eye, to decrease the impedance to fluid flow and, thus, decrease pressure. There's no surgery, it's not invasive, it's just a contact lens that you wear with a pair of glasses and it takes about five minutes to work and has no known side effects."

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Irazoqui said the Bionode platform overcomes the limitations of existing treatments.

"Current treatments for glaucoma include eye drops which have side effects and low patient compliance and they eventually stop working. There is the option of laser eye surgery which you can do a maximum of a couple times, and beyond that there is a blood procedure, which is an open wound in the eye that leaks liquid whenever pressure goes up, this has terrible risks for infection. Additionally, all these methods take about three months to work," he said. "Most patients who opt for these solutions have visual loss within about 10 to 15 years and by 15 to 20 years go blind. The Bionode platform could be the first line of defense for Glaucoma patients."

Bionode is working to conduct a clinical trial of 100 patients to demonstrate the durability and effectiveness of its platform.

"Currently we have a working prototype and we are seeking $1.5 million in funding to conduct a full human clinical trial. We have partnered with a clinician who owns two ophthalmology institutes, one in Madrid and one in Barcelona, Spain. He is an internationally renowned ophthalmologist," Irazoqui said. "Our goal is to complete that large clinical trial, apply for CE Mark approval, and file for a FDA de Novo approval in the United States."

Firestone added that in the future the company may also look into the Bionode platforms' usefulness in post-traumatic stress disorder, urinary incontinence, gastric disorders and more.

Explore further: Researcher explores best treatments for glaucoma

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Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, most often is diagnosed during a routine eye exam. Over time, elevated pressure inside the eye damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. Unfortunately, there's no way ...

People with high-risk glaucoma will be able to monitor their disease, anywhere, anytime, thanks to a new device developed by an FIU professor.

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Patients with age-related macular degeneration who received seven or more eye injections of the drug bevacizumab annually had a higher risk of having glaucoma surgery, according to a study published online by JAMA Ophthalmology.

A contact lens designed to deliver medication gradually to the eye could improve outcomes for patients with conditions requiring treatment with eye drops, which are often imprecise and difficult to self-administer. In a study ...

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Non-invasive, effective contact lenses and glasses to treat glaucoma, prevent blindness - Medical Xpress

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Cyberterrorism and Biotechnology – Foreign Affairs (subscription)

June 2nd, 2017 4:44 am

For years, the international community has grappled with the threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorism. And although al Qaeda and the Islamic State (ISIS) have demonstrated interest in and some capability to develop and use such weapons, there have been no successful mass casualty terrorist attacks involving them. Attempted attacks involving radiological dispersal devices or chemical and biological means have either failed or had a very limited impact. Experts such as John Parachini, Jeffrey Bale and Gary Ackerman, Adam Dolnik, and Rajesh Basrur and Mallika Joseph argue that the reason is terrorists inability to weaponize chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear material. Others, including Brian Michael Jenkins, believe that the lack of mass causality attacks also has to do with self-restraint: perpetrators might not be able to control the consequences of such an attack. It could end up harming the members of the communities that the terrorists are purportedly fighting for and could therefore be counterproductive.

The recent WannaCry ransomware attack, however, could force the expert community to rethink such positions. Although available information suggests that North Korean hackers were behind these attacks, in which hackers took control of about 300,000 computers in over 150 countries and held the victims hostage in exchange for a payment of $300 in bitcoin, there is reason to believe that terrorist groups such as al Qaeda and ISIS could copy the tactic. In doing so, they would cause as much damage (loss of data and equipment) and chaos (in hospitals and other public utilities) as possible, comparable to the chaos and panic that could be caused by a chemical or biological attack.

Terrorists could use cyber capabilities to target any sector. But the most vulnerable industries are those with high proportions of old infrastructure onto which new technology has been grafted. According to a report from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2015, the average age of all fixed assets in the United States stood at 22.8 years, with hospitals and utilities some of the worst culprits.

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Cyberterrorism and Biotechnology - Foreign Affairs (subscription)

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