StemCell Therapy

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure are common conditions, associated with 12% of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. End stage renal disease (ESRD), or kidney failure, accounts for 6% of the Medicare spending in the United States. The major causes of kidney failure are hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Current treatment options often fail due to the progression of renal disease. The pathology involves tubulointerstitial fibrosis, oxidative damage, glomerular fibrosis, and microvascular rarefaction. The kidneys have intrinsic regenerative capacity, which allows them to recover after minimal injury. The regenerative potential of these organs is limited, however.

How Stem Cells Work

Stem cell transplant and infusions are now being used to treat kidney failure with positive outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce cytokines and growth factors that support hematopoiesis. These cells can transform into renal epithelial cells, functional mesangial cells, and tubular cells. Research shows that each stem cell viability is 95%, and injections work 99% of the time. MSCs have ability to reduce inflammatory response, reduce apoptosis, and increase renal function recovery.

Most chronic kidney disease patients are treated with stem cells and show improvement in the following areas:

Clinical Research Studies

Stem cells are isolated from bone marrow aspirate or fat tissue (adipose) via liposuction. These cells possess unique immunomodulatory properties that relieve inflammation, and they can facilitate renal tissue repair. Several clinical studies have proved that stem cells are safe and effective for treating renal failure. Some research suggests that stem cells can change into ectodermal and endodermal lineages, and secrete growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines.

In a recent clinical study, researchers found that stem cells possessed a high potential for angiogenesis (vessel re-growth). In addition, investigators noted local tissue turnover and repair of kidney damage after stem cell therapy. The cells were also noted to go to the site of kidney injury. The stem cells are known to release dozens of active biological factors that act on local cell dynamics, reduce inflammation, lessen fibrosis, and recruit resident progenitor cells.

A phase 1 research study involved stem cell infusions given one week after kidney transplant surgery. The researchers found that they decreased graft rejection, and both patients had excellent kidney function at the 1-year follow-up evaluation. The patients also recovered faster from surgery, had less complications, and few adverse effects. Another similar study involving five people with renal failure involved administration of stem cell injections. Six months after transplant, a noted immunomodulatory effect was noted.

Another clinical study showed feasibility and safety of stem cell infusion for the treatment of renal disease. The study involved several cohort patients, as well as a control group. The stem cells were infused through the renal artery. At the 1-year follow-up, researchers noted a beneficial effect and reduced dosage requirement of immunosuppressive drugs. These clinical trials prove effectiveness and safety of stem cell therapy for renal diseases. Notable findings include improved resolution of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, as well as decreased risk of infection, positive effects of infusion, and lower incidence of acute rejection.

Stem cell therapy for kidney failure is treated at various R3 Stem Cell Centers of Excellence. The treatments are often effective at helping the kidney function better and preventing the need for dialysis. See if you are a candidate by completing the form HERE!

Resources

Peired AJ, Sisti A, & Romagnani P (2016). Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence. Stem Cells Int, 4798639.

Perico N, Casiraghi F, Introna M, Gotti E, Todeschini M, Cavinato RA, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and kidney transplantation: a pilot study of safety and clinical feasibility.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.2011;6:412422

Reinders ME, de Fijter JW, Roelofs H, Bajema IM, de Vries DK, Schaapherder AF, et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of allograft rejection after renal transplantation: results of a phase I study.Stem Cells Transl Med.2013;2:107111.

Tan J, Wu W, Xu X, Liao L, Zheng F, Messinger S, et al. Induction therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in living-related kidney transplants: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA.2012;307:11691177.

See the article here:
Kidney Failure | R3 Stem Cell

Usually in late stage kidney disease the patient is faced with making choices like choosing between dialysis and/or kidney transplant. Patients that have very low glomerular filtration rates, high abnormal BUN and Creatine; Albuminuria are excellent candidates for stem cell treatment.

Patients from the age of five to eighty with chronic kidney disease that are candidates for dialysis or transplants should consider stem cell therapy. This is particularly true with individuals that have persistent impaired renal function. To evaluate your condition, it would be desirable for us to review a report on either a renal ultrasound or renal scan.The source of the stem cells is umbilical cord blood and of your own adipose tissue (fat). The blood is carefully screened to rule out HIV, Hepatitis B and C.

The entire treatment process can be done in one day with very little downtime. In some cases, the treatment may be repeated the next day in the same fashion.Post procedure, the patient is followed once a month with standard kidney function tests including BUN, Creatinine, 24 hour creatinine clearance test and glomerular filtration rate to determine progress. Follow ups can be done by your local nephrologist.

See the article here:
Kidney Disease > MyStemCellCare

Healthy Body Paks

The entry level Healthy Body Paks (Start Pak, Weight Loss Pak, Blood Sugar Pak, etc. see above) are a great favorite among those new to the world of self-health through smart supplementation because they are both affordable and tailored to meet a variety of individual need. Selection is easy. Decide which one comes closest to describing the physical function you most wish to support, decide between the different flavors (tangerine, peach) and delivery formats (powder, pill, liquid) and, finally, select the one that is priced right for you.You cant go wrong. After all, Dr. Wallach has seen to it that each Healthy Body Pak delivers a foundation of all 90 nutrients essential to human health ("90 For Life") and that each Healthy Body Pak contains his built-in secret sauce. It is his secret sauce that makes everything work, that both enhances overall product performance and targets nutritional support to specific physiological function. And it is his 90 For Life foundation, a full spectrum of essential nutrients, that keeps the body supplied with everything it requires to perform optimally. Nothing is left to chance.....MORE

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gevity90.com

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or "knocked out", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.

An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the United States December in 2003.

Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including agriculture, industrial biotechnology, terraforming, and most notably, medicine.

Humans have altered the genomes of species for thousands of years through selective breeding, or artificial selection as contrasted with natural selection, as well through mutagenesis. Genetic engineering as the direct manipulation of DNA by humans outside breeding and mutations has only existed since the 1970s. The term "genetic engineering" was first coined by Jack Williamson in his science fiction novel Dragon's Island, published in 1951, one year before DNA's role in heredity was confirmed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, and two years before James Watson and Francis Crick showed that the DNA molecule has a double-helix structure.

In 1972 Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecules by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus. In 1973 Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen created the first transgenic organism by inserting antibiotic resistance genes into the plasmid of an E. coli bacterium. A year later Rudolf Jaenisch created a transgenic mouse by introducing foreign DNA into its embryo, making it the worlds first transgenic animal. These early achievements led torestrictions on genetic research after a backlash from environmental groups and members the scientific establishment. Activists groups strongly opposed to genetic engineering pushed for increasingly restrictive laws on research and the use of genetic engineering in crops.

In 1976 Genentech, the first genetic engineering company, was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson and a year later the company produced a human protein (somatostatin) in E.coli. Genentech announced the production of genetically engineered human insulin in 1978. In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court in the Diamond v. Chakrabarty case ruled that genetically altered life could be patented. The insulin produced by bacteria, branded humulin, was approved for release by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982. The early success of Genentech and the legal victory for genetics companies, led to an explosion of research into Genetically modified crops in the 1980s and 90s. Field trials in France and the US in 1986 introduced herbicide resistant tobacco plants, and transgenetic crops like the Bt Potato and the Flavr Savr tomato all entered mass market during this period.

Main Article: Biotech bubble

In 2010, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute, announced that they had created the first synthetic bacterial genome. The researchers added the new genome to bacterial cells and selected for cells that contained the new genome. To do this the cells undergoes a process called resolution, where during bacterial cell division one new cell receives the original DNA genome of the bacteria, whilst the other receives the new synthetic genome. When this cell replicates it uses the synthetic genome as its template. The resulting bacterium the researchers developed, named Synthia, was the world's first synthetic life form. Synthia spawned a new wave research into and public outcry over Genetically modified organisms. Dubbed "Frankenfood," by environmental groups and left-wing politicians, a series of laws were passed across the US and Europe to identify and limit access to GMO foods.

The technology saw rapid advances in the 2010s and 2020s with the introduction of CRISPR-based gene editing technologies which radically reduced the cost while increasing the accuracy of gene editing. New government regulations were slow to be adopted, and at the time there were fears that CRISPR would make it possible for anyone to create a "super-bug" or antibiotic resistant bacteria or supervirus. Regulatory reforms during the Booker administration established national programs for researching gene editing technologies and created guidelines for the private sector to begin experimenting with CRISPR.

The public backlash against GMOs subsided in the face of the Flood, or more specifically the Famine of 2027 which resulted from the effects of climate change. Government support and funding for GMO crops spawned new strains of heartier corn, wheat, and potatoes that could endure harsher climates, and fish farms began growing strains of Tuna that were modified to handle the drop in salinity of the oceans. European nations began aggressively removing barriers to genetically modified organisms to remain competitive, while China and India faced protests and even riots demanding the import of high-yield rice and wheat strains to end the famine. Many of these new strains were originally developed for use on the Moon and Mars, and research capital from the Space Industry for terraforming GMOs nearly equaled government research funding. On the moon, the first Genetically modified tree, the Hedra Fir, was introduced in Armstrong city on the moon. Genetically modified strains of bacteria were introduced to break up lunar silicates and produce nutrients for a soil base; similar strains were employed across the solar system in early stages of terraforming. On Earth these technologies fueled an explosion in the biotech industry to cater to agribusiness, healthcare, and bio-industry.

When humans started being genetically modified, they were discriminated against by law. This led to the Augment Rights Movement which brought an end to such discrimination.

Genetic engineering in plants is the oldest form of commercially viable genetic technology. During the Famine of 2027, Bio-ethics protocols were relaxed to allow for more GM produce to be produced to feed the hungriest places on Earth. Golden Rice, developed in the early 1990s, was one such GM Plant that benefitted from the new policies. Rich in Beta Carotene, Golden Rice is widely claimed to have solved the problem of Vitamin A deficiencies in Children in underdeveloped countries. Golden Rice was the first of a new generation of GM Foods engineered to be healthier than their traditional cousins. To counter the risk of the new crops intermixing and contaminating those of the natural world, new regulations were put in place that required them to be grown in isolated areas. Agribusiness managed to capitalize on this with the creation of vertical farms in major cities, limiting the cost of exporting their goods, and containing them in a sealed environment. As of 2160, GM Plants account for 70% of the world's produce intake.

Genetically modified beef, poultry, and fish faced far tougher bio-ethics restrictions during their initial development, and for many years following the reforms of the late 2020s, remained tightly controlled by government regulators. It was on Mars where GMO livestock research grew virtually unchecked. The Famine of 2027 pushed regulators to loosen restrictions on genetically modified fish species. Strains of Tuna, salmon, and carp and tillapia were bred to thrive in the more desalinated oceans, but international fishing laws restricted them to fish farms and mobile fish pens, and further regulations placed demands on suicide genes to prevent them from breeding in the wild. During the Refreeze and rewilding projects of the late 21st and early 22nd century, these restrictions were removed and genetically modified/cloned species of fish were re-introduced into the wild. Beef and dairy cattle restrictions were loosened as well, however vat-grown meat had gained popularity as an inexpensive alternative to farmed meat.

Perhaps the greatest impact of the Genetic Engineering in livestock was the New Domestication movement of the 2030s. Genetically modified Bison, venison, and elk were introduced for farms with reduced adrenal glands, making them easier to corral. Cloned populations of Mammoth, Moa, and Dodo were created for exotic meat as well.

During the leadup to the Mars colonization program, Lunar Energy Ltd. contracted a number of research labs to develop and test genetically modified bacteria in lunar caverns for localized terraforming. Early strains of genetically modified Vostok bacteria were used to break down rock, bioleach atmospheric compounds and soil nutrients to produce a soil-base and buffer atmosphere. Additional research for genetically modified flora produced some of the first complex genetic hybrids, primarily strains including the growth pattern of English Ivy, which took advantage of the low gravity and large walls of the Moon's subsurface caves. The isolated habitats of the Lunar caverns also let terraforming techniques be refined before proceeding to Mars. On Mars more advanced strains were introduced to take advantage of the higher levels of surface radiation, salt and iron rich regolith, and cold surface temperatures. All these initial strains were bred with faulty metabolisms, designed to encourage rapid growth and reproduction, and therefore spread across the planet with relative ease. Later strains of algae, mosses, and lichens were introduced to build up this soil base and process the CO2 rich atmosphere into breathable air. For Mars, any organism introduced had to take advantage of the high concentration of salt and iron in the soil, a process largely achieved by inserting and modifying genes from plants typical of alkali rich soils on Earth. Additional modifications to the pigment of leaves to take advantage of the reduced light from the Sun were typical on Mars.

While phosphorescent fish were popular novelty pets in the 2000s and 2010s, it wasn't until the 2020s that GM Pets really came into high demand. Originally some animals were bred using artificial selection to produce tameness, as was the case with the Siberian Fox, however this took decades. Genetic modification sped up the process and gave greater control over desired qualities.

The first GM pet to gain widespread popularity, Genetically Stunted Animals or "Cubs," pets modified to stay in their juvenile stage, were introduced in 2024. These modifications made it possible to domesticate many animals previously too wild to keep in captivity. Breeders and kennel clubs initially opposed the use of genetic engineering in dogs as it threatened to destroy their industry by creating countless microbreeds. However, after California passed restrictions against purebreeding (which had led to a generation of inbred and unhealthy dogs being sold at over-inflated prices), several kennel club owners began creating companies to offer designer breeds that were not subject to the same restrictions as purebreds, and did not suffer the same health problems. Dog and cat breeds created in the 2020s and 2030s were noted for being far healthier than their natural counterparts and were generally held much longer lifespans and heightened intelligence to natural pets. By the 2040s, most pets could live almost as long as their owners, and held a similar position in family hierarchies as children in the Agrarian Age.

By mid-century GM seals, foxes, big cats, bears, wolves, and birds of prey had become the most popular GM pets on the market, and sterility modifications kept them from contaminating the biosphere or diluting the global pet market. New organisms introduced in the 2050s and 60s were recognized as completely separate species and featured several unique modifiers to their physiology, including unusual pigment and fur patterns, changes in size, and an increased ability to sense the mood and commands of humans.

Genetic engineering in humans was originally developed to screen for genetic deficiencies and hereditary diseases, and for much of its history was afforded only to the super rich. New genome manipulation technologies developed in the 2010s eventually made these treatments available for a larger portion of the population, and offered peace of mind to many parents with family illnesses. Under the healthcare reforms of the Price administration, these treatments were covered under Medicare as low birthrates reduced any serious burden they would impose on the treasury. For the first half of the 21st Century, genetic engineering in humans was conducted primarily through in vitro modification. By Biotech Boom of the 2040, it was estimated that 45% of births, the fetus was selected for beneficial health traits, basic appearance, sex, and even factors influencing sexual orientation.

Following WWIII, genetic modification for humans became increasingly popular among the youth as military research into human augmentation began to transfer into the public market. Athletes, the elderly, and the infirm were the first to receive these modifications. Cosmetic modifications became very popular among the youth, who incorporated animal traits into their genomes to alter their appearances. Several companies were established to provide modifications to sex organs, pheromone production and reception organs to improve their physical attraction between individuals. These technologies spawned a new culture war between members of the Flood Generation and the Made Generation. Socially conservative bio-ethics laws were put in place to limit access to cosmetic genetic enhancements. Some states saw mass migrations of young people escaping extremely severe laws, like California's Human Preservation Act or New Mexico's Heritage Act.

By the 2070s human augmentation became more socially acceptable, but legal restrictions against genetic modifications to minors remained in place. Common augmentations were purely decorative while others served specific functions, and were largely derived from existing genetic code in plants and animals. These included tails, skin patterns, fur patches (some as simple as adding color and patterns to existing hair patches) and augmentations that emulated the look and function of animals (eyes, claws, padded feet, reproductive organs, etc.). This spawned what some have called "Genetic Fashion" movements and the birth of "Body Shops," for inexpensive modifications which contributed to new subcultures. The largest of the 2070s genetic subcultures were the Furries, who advocated extensive animal augmentations, in some cases to the point where subcultures became sub-species of humanity.

By the early 22nd Century animal modifications had decidedly fallen out of fashion in favor of less flashy custom augmentations that found a larger audience than the counterculture augmentations. Atypical hair color, skin color patterns, bone structures, and in some circles modifications derived from alien lifeforms became more popular.

Early full-prosthetic bodies were largely bionic in composition, but as genetic engineering of stem-cells developed throughout the 2030s, artificial bodies began to include more biomass, mainly skin and guts. Genetically engineered organs and tissue entered service in specialty bodies available to the military and spacers. By 2040 artificial bodies incorporated a blending of bionic and biologic material in their construction, proving the feasibility of genetically modified organs in humans. During WWIII artificial body technology grew by leaps and bounds, to the point where it was possible to grow a full body from genetically modified tissue.

Artificial bodies have been a common practice for individuals who's original bodies are severely damaged or degraded due to biological aging, however since the 2090s, they are also issued in the military for all new recruits. Mil-spec bodies include advanced augmentations for combat and field duties, and were originally developed exclusively for the space force.

The 2050s saw the first cosmetic genetic modifications gain popularity among the youth despite social conservative backlash. By the 2070s cosmetic augmentations became a relatively common practice across generations and age groups, and has carried forward to today as a practice to enhance the distinctiveness of subcultures, improve physical beauty, and reduce signs of aging. Body Shops are the most common centers for cosmetic modifications, however most governments restrict the degree of modifications they are able to perform to limited modifications to existing appendages, effect skin and eye coloration, and the presence of hair/fur/hide. More advanced cosmetic augmentations are typically administered at Cosmetic Augmentation Centers, which require special licencing in most areas, and cater more to specialized clients, often associated with major subcultures. Federal law requires that any fetus conceived between parents with augmentations must remain essentially human, and cannot receive augmentations until they reach biological maturity. However, this law has largely been ignored by various subspecies of humanity that have emerged as a result.

Human cloning was largely outlawed worldwide until mid-Century. In the lead up to WWIII the US and Japan began relaxing certain policies toward human cloning to enable more rapid innovations in biotech (mostly to create replacement limbs and such). Vat grown bodies are just a form of human cloning after all. But the actual technique of taking a human and making a full genetic copy, brain and all, wasn't legalized until after the war. First in Japan, then South Korea, then Germany, then Russia; all in a space of about 10 years legalized human cloning to try and at least delay their population problems.The way they saw it, it was just a more efficient form of creating designer babies (clones are seldom direct copies, they usually turn off some faulty genes and turn on useful ones). In the US human cloning was made legal after the US supreme court ruled that since it qualified as a form of reproduction, the US government had no right to ban it, keeping with the legal precedent set by Roe v. Wade. It was only brought up because a woman in Maine had used the techniques to create designer babies to clone herself by using her eggs and creating sperm cells from her stem cells, which was a common practice for same sex couples at the time.

Once it was legal in the US, several families tried to have kids who were clones of famous dead people (and famous not-so dead people). The genomes of several major historical figures had been sequenced by this point, and were free for any and all to see, so DNA sythesizers could make it possible for anyone to clone a lot of people. Basically, within 9 months of it being legal, there were numerous clones JFKs, FDRs, George Washingtons, Albert Einsteins, and Madonnas. There were persistant rumors that Adolf Hitler was also cloned from Neo-nazi groups around the globe, leading to the first laws banning the cloning of certain individuals (primarily those who hold a criminal record).

A number of children whose genetic material was largely extracted from historical figures went on to have very similar careers to their genetic parents, however the ratio was roughly the same as the general population. Most parents gave their cloned children the first name of their genetic doner. Current examples include:

It can also be noted that the number of orders for clones would experience a spike of high demand upon the death of a celebrity. Former US President Lionel Halvidar, for example, held the highest record of 28 million orders shortly after his death by the end of 2160 alone.

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Genetic Engineering | Second Renaissance Wikia | FANDOM ...

In the old days, parents would wait to see and check what gender their baby is going to be. However, in today's era, people already know beforehand through ultrasound and whatnot. In addition, people have even discovered means of literally "creating" a child! They can choose what their baby is going to look like; that would diminish the feeling of surprise and joy, especially to the mother, when they see their baby come out and into this world.

I don't think genetic engineering is very good because it's sorta cheeky and is against the word of my God Buddha and Allah. It is bad and wrecks the genetic distrubutor modifiers and deoxy ribonucleic acid modifiers so isn't very good. My mom says that science is bad too so you shouldn't listen to the pros. Someday I will be President of Canada so listen hard

Today I am here not only brighten your view of this topic but to expose you to a different perspective. Gene modification is highly unethical to the environment and to our society today. It brings me great sadness to see that people debate about this topic since it seems clear to me that the knowledge given to us from God should be used to address the purpose of life, rather than perfecting the physical state of society. No human can ever be flawless that's just something we have to learn to accept. Our life expectancy cannot exceed a certain number of years. We should rely on God's will.

No one has the right to manipulate the creation of the ALMIGHTY.This has to be strictly prohibited as it can affect the religious status of different religions.So there should not be any discrimination among the society as it helps them build a better individuality.It helps in keeping the individuality intact

An important thing that happened in 1999 was that a series of surprising experiments were released in Britainexperiments that the industry had spent six months trying to suppress. They showed that laboratory rats that were fed genetically engineered potatoes had severe problems with their digestive tracts, immune responses, and the development of nearly all their vital organs. Their brains, hearts, livers, spleens, etc. were all significantly reduced in size, and many of the endocrine glands were enlarged. Some of this data was published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet, but the lead scientist was fired and the research was never finished. The suggestion is that much more extreme health effects are possible, but the industry has a huge vested interest in seeing to it that we dont ever know for sure.

Let's talk about food. The Monsanto company (for example) is not looking to benefit us. They are only digging in our wallets by patenting their gmo crops. Remember the incident where their seeds blew into other farmer's crops and contaminated them? Those innocent people were forced to destroy their hard-earned seeds because they supposedly belonged to Monsanto. They are also looking at "terminato?" Crops where the seeds they produce will be infertile (so seeds would have to be bought by the company every single year). Now imagine that spreading and contaminating our crops. So many more reasons why gmo is bad but not enough space.

Parents should not want to genetically engineer their babies, it is wrong on so many levels. They should love their kids the way they are and stop trying to change them to make them "perfect", and with genetic engineering comes many possible birth defects so they really shouldn't do that to their babies.

I am really leaning toward no I would first have to ask, when having this HGE therapy is there an increased risk and/or incidence of miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death, or stillbirth? Also, are there any known complications of the pregnancy that can be related to these HGE therapies? At this point I am looking into the HGE to treat genetic diseases in the fetus. Now this type of HGE is understandable. You might even say it is medically necessary, which is why most medical insurance companies will probably cover it, so I think HGE for this purpose is probably ok. But as far as HGE for "enhancement" goes, I don't think that is right. I am not sure what the procedure is or how often it does or does not cause a miscarriage, but there is that to consider. Also getting all these "enhancements" for our babies will cost quite a lot and only the elite will be able to afford it. This type of HGE is NOT medically necessary so most medical insurance companies will not cover it. I read that this means only approx. 10% of the population will be able to get these "enhancements" for their children. So what happens then? This 10% gets to be in some way superior to the kids whose parents couldn't afford the HGE so they were born all natural? By the way, what comes next? I mean are the scientists gonna go all 'Spiderman' on us? Or try to make some of the characters from the X-men?

Genetic engineering, is not natural, we have no idea of the harm that could come to us in the future. Once we start, who decides when enough it enough? It is interfering with nature and not for the better. We have survived this long without it and have thrived, the human race is not suffering, we are doing just the opposite. Genetic engineering is not needed to advance the human race.

Genetic Engineering does not seem ethical or natural. Fixing the DNA for something for our benefit is not right. We may be benefiting from the modified genes, but it is not natural and is fixed. With genetic manipulation, there will be an imbalance in nature. For an example, if we were to genetically manipulate humans so that they are resistant to diseases, it could off set nature. Diseases are meant to control the population, so that the human race does not grow too much and use up all of earths resources. Even if a human is genetically modified, it does not mean that they are perfect. By definition, perfect means that the human will have no flaws and will have the required elements or characteristics. But if the genetic manipulation changes all of these things to make a perfect human, than that person no longer has their own identity. Also, we will never be able to live forever and will only live for a certain number of years, since our body will break down and die. Even with genes fixed, it seems impossible.

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Is genetic engineering ethical? | Debate.org

Today, Genetic Engineering is one of the top career choices made by students in engineering courses.

What is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic Engineering is also referred as genetic modification. It is a process of manually adding new DNA to a living organism through artificial methods.

Genetic Engineering is a method of physically removing a gene from one organism and inserting it to another and giving it the ability to express the qualities given by that gene.

Some examples of genetic engineering are Faster-growing trees, Bigger, longer-lasting tomatoes, Glow in the dark cats, Golden rice, Plants that fight pollution, banana vaccine, etc.

Genetic Engineering is that field which is related to genes & DNA. Genetic engineering is used by scientists to improve or modify the traits of an individual organism.

Want to know more about it?

An organism which is generated by applying genetic engineering is called as genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMO were Bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974.

The techniques of genetic engineering have been applied in various fields such as research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Genetic engineering focuses on biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and medical genetics.

The term genetic engineering was firstly used by Jack Williamson in Dragons Island a science fiction novel. In 1973 Paul Berg father of genetic engineering invents a method of joining DNA from two different organisms.

Genetic engineering is used in medicine, research, industry and agriculture and can also be used on a wide range of plants, animals and micro organisms.

Medicine Genetic engineering in the field of medicine is used in manufacturing drugs. The concepts of genetic engineering have been applied in doing laboratory research and in gene therapy.

Agriculture In Agriculture, genetic engineering is used to create genetically modified crops or genetically modified organisms in order to produce genetically modified foods.

Research Scientists uses the genetic engineering in their various researches. Genes from various organisms are converted into bacteria for storage and modification, creating genetically modified bacteria.

What are the courses in this field?

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Courses After 12th Science

Genetic engineering is a specialization of biotechnology. It can also be studied as a separate specialization. There are many undergraduate and postgraduate courses available in this field. Some most sought courses opted by students for genetic engineering are listed below:

Bachelor Courses:

Master Courses:

Here, we are mentioning some specializations available in genetic engineering. These are as follows:

Also Check:

Courses After 12th

For admission in UG courses, students must have passed 12th Science exam. In India, most of the colleges give admission on the basis of ranks secured in JEE Main 2019. Joint Entrance Examination Main (JEE Main) is usually conducted in the month of April. Some institutions also provides admission on merit basis. For IITs, it is necessary for students to qualify JEE Advanced 2019after clearing JEE Main.

For admission in PG courses, students should hold a bachelor degree in genetic engineering from any recognized university. Mostly GATE 2019score card will be considered for admission in pg courses. On the basis of GATE scores, candidates can apply for admission in Master of Engineering/ Master of Technology courses.

Top colleges which offers various courses in genetic engineering:

Today, demand for genetic engineers is rising in India as well as abroad.

After pursuing courses in genetic engineering, you can work in medical and pharmaceutical industries, research and development departments, agricultural sector, genetic engineering firms, chemical companies, etc. A genetic engineer can work in both private and public sectors.

Genetic engineering graduates are required in government as well as private organizations.

There is a great growth of genetic engineering in India as well as in abroad. With the increasing number of biotech firms in India, the future scope in genetic engineering is good.

The graduates of this field can also opt teaching as a career. Numerous colleges are introducing genetic engineering course in their colleges and for that they recruit professionals of this field.

To become a genetic engineering research scientist, you need a doctoral degree in a biological science. The genetic engineering research scientist can become project leaders or administrators of entire research programs.

Responsibilities of a genetic engineer:

The National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi

The Centre for DNA Fingerprint and Diagnostics, Hyderabad

The Institute of Genomic and Integrative Biology, Delhi

Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, Chandigarh

How much salary should I expect as a genetic engineering?

Salary packages of a genetic engineer are based on qualification, experience, working area, etc. You can get a handsome salary package after gaining the sufficient experience in this field.

The average salary of a well-qualified genetic engineer is Rs. 20,000 to 35,000 per month. They can earn more in the private sector as compared to the public sector.

Which are the best books for genetic Engineering?

Here we have listed some books which will help you throughout your studies:

For any queries regarding Genetic Engineering, you may leave your comments below.

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Genetic Engineering: Career Scope, Courses & Job Scenario

For some, simply earning a good salary and enjoying strong job stability isnt enough to satisfy. Working in a field that allows them to have a major impact on the future of our species is something that is just as important as a paycheck. If this sounds like you, one option you may want to consider for your career is to become a genetic engineer.

While it isnt specifically a health oriented career like nursing would be, genetic engineering will have a big impact on the health and wellbeing of the planet. As such, the process to become one of these highly trained specialists involves hard work and dedication. Its not a perfect job for everyone, but for many it could be a dream career. Keep reading to learn more about the job and what it involves.

What Is a Genetic Engineer?

Genetic engineers are highly trained experts who use a variety of molecular tools and technologies to rearrange fragments of DNA. The overall goal in doing so is to add or remove an organisms genetic makeup for the better, or to transfer DNA code from one species into the other. The overall goal of this is to enhance organisms so that they are better able to thrive in certain environments. An example is when a plant is modified to thrive better in drought conditions or when a bacteria is adapted in such a way that it helps improve drug treatment.

Common job duties include:

The job involves a lot of things, and usually you will specialize in a very niche area of genetic science so that your attention is solely focused on that area throughout your career.

Characteristics

As with any other job, possessing a few personal skills will have a big impact on your ability to excel in the position. Here are some of the areas youll need to be strong in.

Nature of the Work

Genetic engineers rarely work outside a laboratory setting. The vast majority of the work is done in a lab, while some minor office work such as drafting reports and writing papers for publication may be handled at times.

Usually, genetic engineers work for private companies. Pharmaceutical companies, research organizations, and even some hospitals or universities will often hire these professionals. Some government level jobs exist as well, and those who enter this field of work will usually have options when deciding where to focus their skills.

Education and Training

To become a genetic engineer, the bare minimum education requirement will be a bachelors degree in biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, or molecular genetics. However, in most cases it will be much more beneficial to have a masters or doctorate level degree in molecular genetics or molecular biology instead. Undergraduate degrees may provide an initial entry point into the field, but holding a PhD is the primary path used to enter the field and conduct your own work.

Additionally, experience of at least 3 years in the field under the direct guidance of a supervisor will also be used to help gain employment. Obviously, different employers will have their own specific requirements but the points above make a good example of what youll need to enter the field.

Salaries vary greatly, and generally run from $45,000 up to about $140,000. The average salary is about $82,800 annually. Again, your experience, your specific employer, and a variety of other things will have a big influence on your overall pay.

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The 14th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference: Preparing for the New Possible will convene the worlds leading researchers, investors, industry executives, policy experts, payers, clinicians, and patient advocates to define the landscape and outlook for personalized medicine in science, business, and policy. Participants will examine the infrastructure and business strategies necessary to overcome scientific obstacles, optimize public policies, and change embedded medical norms as we seek to accelerate investment in and adoption of personalized medicine.

Featured Speakers

Amy P. Abernethy, M.D., Ph.D.

Chief Medical Officer, Chief Scientific Officer

Flatiron Health

Donna R. Cryer, J.D.

President, CEO

Global Liver Institute

Luba Greenwood, J.D.

Strategic Business Development and Corporate Ventures

Verily, an Alphabet Company

David King, J.D.

Chairman, CEO

LabCorp

Daniel P. ODay, M.B.A.

Chief Executive Officer

Roche Pharmaceuticals

Ellen V. Sigal, Ph.D.

Chairperson, Founder

Friends of Cancer Research

Ralph Snyderman, M.D.

James B. Duke Professor of Medicine

Duke University

Keith Stewart, M.B., Ch.B.

Carlson and Nelson Endowed Director, Center for Individualized Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Liisa-Maria Voipio-Pulkki, M.D., Ph.D.

Director General, Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health

Finland

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14th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference November 14 ...

Introduction

During the natural aging process of the human body, several organs and tissues undergo a large anabolic phase (during the first 3 decades of life) and they soon develop into a catabolic phase, which is slower and irreversible (from the 4th to the final decades of life).In the anabolic phase the skin is shiny, silky, has elasticity and a large turgor. There is a large volume of toned muscular mass.The catabolic phase starts in the fourth decade of life and acceleratesin many cases during the seventh decade . In this phase there is an absence of skin sheen and the appearance of wrinkles and senile spots (the dernal layer also starts to show signs of weakness, and this occurs because of the decrease of the proteins that make up the skins elastic system, such as collagen and glycosaminoglycan / GAG).Muscular mass loses its volume and tone progressively, causing the body to show visible signs of aging. Probably a high protein diet may be responsible for the final quality of our organs and tissues during the anabolic phase causing the body to be more resistant and durable. This high protein diet, when applied during the catabolic phase, can maintain a better skin quality and improved muscular mass.During the past 10 years, we have endeavored to understand the consequences of the different intrinsicand extrinsic processes that alter the harmony of the movements of the muscles of the lower third of the face.

The outline of the mouth is made from a complex muscular system, where the

muscle of the mouth actively links with the

muscles that tighten the angle of the mouth sideways,

acts in a secondary fashion in this muscular complex. One can easily see, by way of a systematic evaluation of these muscles, (movements such as :whistling, smiling, making a sad face, and pulling a face as if having a bitter taste in the mouth) .Each patient can present important asymmetrical and accented depressions, caused by the exaggerated contraction of some of these muscles.

Till today,these facial defects have been treated with facial implants (fillers) and some serious cases have been even treated using classical surgical procedures : Fillers as surgery didn t revolve the problems !

Our proposal is to demonstrate that, by way of a selective intramuscular injection, of an oily patented solution containing a mixture of Carbolic Acid with Peanut Oil Acid using endopeel technology created by inventors Dr.Alain Tenenbaum ( facial plastic surgeon) and Mauro Tiziani ( molecular biologist) , it is possible to decrease the force of one or more muscles, that are working harder and in disharmony with the other muscles in the complex muscular system around the mouth.

We believe that the mechanism that is developed, after the injection of the ,,Endopeel,, oily solution, is a selective pointed chemical reversible myolysis, limited within the injected area of the muscular mass. With preliminary tissue studies, we can see that this myolysis is totally reversible after 7 months.

We have acquired experience from more than 1000 clinical cases over the past 8 years. The majority of these patients were re-treated in the same muscles that were treated earlier. The average re-treatment period was 4-6 months, and usually, smaller doses of the patented oily solution were injected, due to the hyperfunction of the muscles movements being attenuated. The average dose per injection is about 0.05 ml and the distance between each point is approximatively 1.0 centimeter.

We found that this treatment is very efficacious as long as there is a clear and precise evaluation of the above mentioned muscle system.

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Endopeel Portal Main Website : Lifting,Tightening & Tissue ...

Genetics & Molecular Biology Journal is an international scholarly, peer reviewed journal presenting original research contributions and scientific advances related to the field of genes, genetic variation and macromolecules. Molecular biology is the study of development, structure and function of macromolecules vital for life. It deals with the molecular basis of biological activity and overlays genetics and biochemistry.

The journal Scope Encompasses structure & functional studies of bio molecular, Cell Biology, Microbial genetics, Biological Molecules, molecular immunology, genetics, genetic disorders, cellular biology and molecular research. It also includes biochemical and molecular influence on genetic material. Genetics & Molecular Biology broadly covers the domains of life, plants, animals, microorganism and human.

The journal accepts manuscripts in the form of original research article, review article, short communication, case report, letter-to-the-Editor and Editorials for publication in an open access platform.

The Journal is using Editor Manager System for easy online tracking and managing of the manuscript processing.

Submit manuscript atwww.editorialmanager.com/imedpub/or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at[emailprotected]

Cell biologyis a branch of biology that studies cells their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell function. Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and developmental biology.

Related Journals of Cell BiologyCell Science & Therapy, Cell & Developmental Biology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Molecular Biology, Genes to Cells, Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, Biology of the Cell, Developmental Cell, Developmental Cell, Eukaryotic Cell, European Cells and Materials

Gene technology is defined as the term which include a range of activities concerned with understanding of gene expression, advantages of natural genetic variation, modifying genes and transferring genes to new hosts. Genes are found in all living organisms and are transferred from one generation to the next.Gene technology encompasses several techniques including marker-assisted breeding, RNAi and genetic modification. Only some gene technologies produce genetically modified organisms. We use the most appropriate technique, or combination of techniques, to achieve the desired goal.

Related Journal of Gene Technology

Gene Technology, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Human Genetics & Embryology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, Gene Therapy Press, Conservation Genetics, Clinical Epigenetics, Genes, Current Genetics, Gene Expression.

Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to the management of biological information. Computers are used to gather, store, analyze and integrate biological and genetic information which can then be applied to gene-based drug discovery and development. Bioinformatics tools aid in the comparison of genetic and genomic data and more generally in the understanding of evolutionary aspects of molecular biology. At a more integrative level, it helps analyze and catalogue the biological pathways and networks that are an important part of systems biology. In structural biology, it aids in the simulation and modeling of DNA, RNA, and protein structures as well as molecular interactions.

Related Journalsof Bioinformatics

Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics, Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics, BMC Bioinformatics, Briefings in Bioinformatics, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

Comparative genomics It is an exciting new field of biological research in which the genome sequences of different species - human, mouse and a wide variety of other organisms from yeast to chimpanzees are compared.

Related Journals of Comparative genomics

Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, International Journal of Biomedical Data Mining, Journal of Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Microbiome, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Genomics and Comparative Genomics, Journal of Virology, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, BMC Genomics, Comparative and Functional Genomics, Current Bioinformatics

Genetic mutation is a permanent change in the DNA.Mutations may or may not produce changes in the organism.Hereditary mutations and Somatic mutations are the two types of Gene mutations.Former type is inherited from the parents and are present in every cell of the human body whereas latter type may occur at some point of life time due to environmental factors..

Related Journals of Genetic MutationsGenetic Medicine, Genetic Engineering, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, European Journal of Human Genetics, Genetics in Medicine, Human Mutation, Human Molecular Genetics, Genetic mutations Journals, Journal of Genetic Counseling, Genetic Journals, Genetic Disorder Articles, Journal of Genetic Mutation Disorders.

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are usually proteins which functions as enzymes, hormones and receptors. Genes which do not code for proteins such as ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA code for functional RNA products. Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code the nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are called as structural genes.

Related Journals of Gene Expression

Gene Technology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics,Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Patterns, Brain research, Gene expression patterns, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression.

Molecular cloning is a set of techniques used to insert recombinant DNA from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic source into a replicating vehicle such as plasmids or viral vectors. Cloning refers to making numerous copies of a DNA fragment of interest, such as a gene.

Related Journals of Molecular cloning

Gene Technology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Stem Cells and Cloning Advances and Applications, Clinical Genetics, Clinical Genetics, Forensic Science International: Genetics, Advances in Genetics.

Molecular genetics is a branch of genetics and molecular biology that deals with the structure and function of genes at a cellular and molecular level. One of the main achievements of molecular genetics is that now one can have the clarity about the chemical nature of the gene. Molecular genetics is concerned with the arrangement of genes on DNA molecule, the replication of DNA, the transcription of DNA into RNA, and the translation of RNA into proteins. Gene amplification, separation and detection, and expression are some of the general techniques used for molecular genetics.

Related Journals of Molecular Genetics

Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Tissue Science & Engineering, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell

It is the branch that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. The term immunogenetics is based on two words immunology and genetics. Immunology deals with the biological and biochemical basis for the body's defense against germs such as bacteria, virus and mycosis.

Related Journals of Immunogenetics

Immunogenetics: Open Access, Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, Immunogenetics, International Journal of Immunogenetics, Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights, International Journal of Immunogenetics.

Evolutionary Genetics is the study of how genetic variations leads to evolutionary changes. It includes evolution of genome structure, genetic change in response to selection within populations, and the genetic basis of speciation and adaptation

Related Journals of Evolutionary Genetics

Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports, Cell & Developmental Biology, Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Evolutionary Computation, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, Genetic Counseling, Genetic Epidemiology.

The methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances betweengenes.

Related Journal of Gene Technology

Gene Technology, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Human Genetics & Embryology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, Gene Therapy Press, Conservation Genetics, Clinical Epigenetics, Genes, Current Genetics, Gene Expression.

Cloning is defined as the processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells or organisms. Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. It is widely used technique of biological experiments and practical applications including genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production.

Related Journals of Cloning

Gene Technology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Stem Cells and Cloning Advances and Applications, Clinical Genetics, Clinical Genetics, Forensic Science International: Genetics, Advances in Genetics.

Gene Sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four basesadenine, guanine, cytosine, and thyminein a strand of DNA.

Related Journal of Gene Technology

Gene Technology, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Human Genetics & Embryology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, Gene Therapy Press, Conservation Genetics, Clinical Epigenetics, Genes, Current Genetics, Gene Expression.

Genetic Engineering is a technique of controlled manipulation of genes to change the genetic makeup of cells and move genes across species boundaries to produce novel organisms.

Related journals of Ethics in genetic engineering

Current Synthetic and Systems Biology, Gene Technology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports Hybrid, Advances in Genetics, BMC Medical Genetics, BMC Genetics, Conservation Genetics, Epigenetics, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Neurogenetics, Psychiatric Genetics.

Molecular Medicine strives to promote the understanding of normal body functioning and disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, and to allow researchers and physician-scientists to use that knowledge in the design of specific tools for disease diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention.

Related Journals for Molecular Medicine

Biomedicine Journals, Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal of Biomedical Research, Translational Biomedicine Journal, Aperito International Journal of Biomedicine, Asian Biomedicine Systems Biomedicine, Biomedical Journal, Biomedicine International Journal, Biomedicine Journal

Molecular biology is the study of biology at the molecular level. The field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry. Cell biology studies the properties of cells including their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division and death. Molecular and cellular biology are interrelated, since most of the properties and functions of a cell can be described at the molecular level. Molecular and cellular biology encompass many biological fields including: biotechnology, developmental biology, physiology, genetics and microbiology.

Related Journals of Molecular Cell Biology

Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal of Cell Biology, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Nature Cell Biology, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Trends in Cell Biology.

The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.

Related Journals of Protein Interaction

Cell & Developmental Biology, Advancements in Genetic Engineering, Protein Interaction Viewer, Molecular cloning & genetic recombination, Current Synthetic and Systems Biology, Genome Biology, Protein Journal.

Chromosomes andGene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are usually proteins which functions as enzymes, hormones and receptors. Genes which do not code for proteins such as ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA code for functional RNA products. Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code the nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are called as structural genes.

Related Journals of Chromosomes and Gene expression

Gene Technology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics,Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Patterns, Brain research, Gene expression patterns, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression.

Autoimmune disorders are caused when immune system of the body reacts, against our own body, thus leading to many autoimmune disorders. There are several autoummune disorders they are celiac diseases, diabetes mellitus, graves diseases.

Related Journals of Autoimmune Disorders

Journal of Autoimmune Diseases, Immunome Research, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Autoimmune Diseases and Rheumatology, Open Journal of Rheumatology and autoimmune Diseases

DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. These instructions are found inside every cell, and are passed down from parents to their children. DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base.

Related journals of Recombinant DNA

Down Syndrome & Chromosome Abnormalities, Fungal Genomics & Biology, Gene Technology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports Hybrid, Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Advances in DNA Sequence-Specific Agents, Artificial DNA: PNA and XNA, DNA Reporter.

A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth. it occurs as a result of altered gene or by set of genes. Abnormalities can also be small as single base mutation. They can also involve addition or subtraction of entire chromosome. There are four groups of genetic disorders like single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, mitochondrial disorders and multifactorial disorders.

Related Journals of Genetic Disorder Human Genetics and Embryology, Cloning and Transgenesis, Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, Journal of Genetic Mutation Disorders - Annex Publisher, Journal of Genetic Disorders and Genetic Report, Genes and Diseases - Journal - Elsevie, Genetic Disorders - Frontier, Source Journal of Genetic Disorders (SJGD) - Source Journals

One of a group of molecules similar in structure to a single strand of DNA. The function of RNA is to carry the information from DNA in the cell's nucleus into the body of the cell, to use the genetic code to assemble proteins, and to comprise part of the ribosomes that serve as the platform on which protein synthesis takes place.

Related journals of Recombinant DNA

Down Syndrome & Chromosome Abnormalities, Fungal Genomics & Biology, Gene Technology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports Hybrid, Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Advances in DNA Sequence-Specific Agents, Artificial DNA: PNA and XNA, DNA Reporter.

The passing on of traits from one generation to another generation. Human genetics is the study of inheritance in human beings. Human characteristics are inherited from parents to offspring in discrete unites called genes. Genes consist of specific information coded in the chromosome that consists of segments of chromosomes. Human genetics includes a variety of overlapping fields like classical, molecular, biochemical, population, developmental, clinical and cytogenetics.

Related Journals of Human Genetics

Human Genetics and Embryology, Journal of Cytology & Histology, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, General Medicine: Open Access, Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Immunogenetics: Open Access, American, Journal of Human Genetics, Annals of Human Genetics, Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Current Protocols in Human Genetics, European Journal of Human Genetics, Human Genetics, Twin Research and Human Genetics, International Journal of Human Genetics, Journal of Human Genetics

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Genetics and Molecular Biology Research - iMedPub

ADIPOSE STEM CELL THERAPIES AND TREATMENTS

PHOENIX ARIZONA | (602) 439-0000

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Please Note: Although we have supplied links to the research journals above on the use of stem cells for specific conditions, we are not saying that any of these studies would relate to your particular condition, nor that it would even be an effective treatment. OurAutologousStem Cell Therapy is not an FDA approved treatment for any condition. We provide stem cell therapy (less than manipulated) as a service &as a practice of medicine only. Please see theFAQ pagefor more information. Thesejournal articlesare for educational purposes only &are not intended to be used to sell or promote our therapy.

MAKING A POSITIVE IMPACT AROUND THE WORLD

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7600 N 15th St. Suite 102Phoenix, AZ 85020 USA

Telephone:(602) 439-0000Fax: (602) 439-0021

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CHICAGO Go ahead and have that cup of coffee, maybe even several more. New research shows it may boost chances for a longer life, even for those who down at least eight cups daily.

In a study of nearly half-a-million British adults, coffee drinkers had a slightly lower risk of death over 10 years than abstainers.

The apparent longevity boost was seen with instant, ground and decaffeinated, results that echo U.S. research. It's the first large study to suggest a benefit even in people with genetic glitches affecting how their bodies use caffeine.

Overall, coffee drinkers were about 10 percent to 15 percent less likely to die than abstainers during a decade of follow-up. Differences by amount of coffee consumed and genetic variations were minimal.

The results don't prove your coffee pot is a fountain of youth nor are they a reason for abstainers to start drinking coffee, said Alice Lichtenstein, a Tufts University nutrition expert who was not involved in the research. But she said the results reinforce previous research and add additional reassurance for coffee drinkers.

"It's hard to believe that something we enjoy so much could be good for us. Or at least not be bad," Lichtenstein said.

The study was published Monday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine.

It's not clear exactly how drinking coffee might affect longevity. Lead author Erikka Loftfield, a researcher at the U.S. National Cancer Institute, said coffee contains more than 1,000 chemical compounds including antioxidants, which help protect cells from damage.

Other studies have suggested that substances in coffee may reduce inflammation and improve how the body uses insulin, which can reduce chances for developing diabetes. Loftfield said efforts to explain the potential longevity benefit are continuing.

Adam Taylor, fetching two iced coffees for friends Monday in downtown Chicago, said the study results make sense.

"Coffee makes you happy, it gives you something to look forward to in the morning," said Taylor, a sound engineer from Las Vegas.

"I try to have just one cup daily," Taylor said. "Otherwise I get a little hyper."

For the study, researchers invited 9 million British adults to take part; 498,134 women and men aged 40 to 69 agreed. The low participation rate means those involved may have been healthier than the general U.K. population, the researchers said.

Participants filled out questionnaires about daily coffee consumption, exercise and other habits, and received physical exams including blood tests. Most were coffee drinkers; 154,000 or almost one-third drank two to three cups daily and 10,000 drank at least eight cups daily.

During the next decade, 14,225 participants died, mostly of cancer or heart disease.

Caffeine can cause short-term increases in blood pressure, and some smaller studies have suggested that it might be linked with high blood pressure, especially in people with a genetic variation that causes them to metabolize caffeine slowly.

But coffee drinkers in the U.K. study didn't have higher risks than nondrinkers of dying from heart disease and other blood pressure-related causes. And when all causes of death were combined, even slow caffeine metabolizers had a longevity boost.

As in previous studies, coffee drinkers were more likely than abstainers to drink alcohol and smoke, but the researchers took those factors into account, and coffee drinking seemed to cancel them out.

The research didn't include whether participants drank coffee black or with cream and sugar. But Lichtenstein said loading coffee with extra fat and calories isn't healthy.

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Fresh grounds for coffee: Study shows it may boost longevity

THE ASBVME OFFICE WILL BE RELOCATINGBeginning Monday, July 30th through August 7th, 2018!We will be in the process of moving the ASBVME Office, with thatbeing said, we will not be fully operable until Tuesday, August 7th, 2018, the phone system as well as computer systemwill have to be relocated and reconnected at the new office. We apologize for any inconvience in which this may cause.The New Physical Address will be: 8100 Seaton Place, Suite AMontgomery, AL 36116. The phone numbers will be changing as well, once we know them we will post on this website.These Rules have not gone into effect as of yet!The following Rules will be discussed, you may click on each Rule below to read the Rule and the Changes:

Rule 930-X-1-.12 - Continuing Education Requirements

Rule 930-X-1-.32 - Minimum Standards for Mobile Premises

VTNE APPLICATIONS

To sit for the VTNE for the November - December testing window, your LVT Application must be in theASBVME Office by October 1st, 2018.

To sit for the NAVLE for the Nov. - Dec., 2018 testing windown,your COMPLETE CERTIFICATION of NAVLE ELIGIBILITY APPLICATION must be in the ASBVME Office by

ASBVME Office Closed 2018:

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Alabama Veterinary Medical Examiners Board

We have a lot of knowledge to share with you about stem cells and their value in skin care. We thought we would start with a current review of ongoing work in human stem cell science to give you some context. In the next few days we will be getting a lot more specific about wound healing, anti-aging, and related applications.

Human Stem Cells: Introduction

Future advances in many medical fields are thought to be dependent on continued progress in stem cell research. In this section, BTF briefly looks at the future of stem cell based therapies in the treatment of traumatic injury, degenerative diseases, and other ailments, and concludes with a review of current cell based therapies (stem cell and non-stem cell) in the field of skin care.

While the possible indications for stem cell based therapies are numerous,the field of stem cell science is young and years (or decades) may pass before todays promising laboratory results translate into useful clinical treatments. Only time will tell whether successes evolve or remain frustratingly elusive. We do know that success is possible.

The first stem cell therapy was bone marrow transplantation, originally accomplished in the mid 1960s. Last year, there were more than 50,000 such transplants worldwide. In earlier years, infusion of filtered bone marrow cells was performed with stem cells comprising but a very small part of the volume. Newer techniques have made it possible to separate cellular types to enable use of much higher concentrations of stem cells.

Much progress has been made in characterizing stem cells and understanding how they function. There is much more to the story than differentiation into tissue specific cells. Recent research shows that perhaps even more important is the fact that stem cells, especially certain types of stem cells, communicate with the cells around them by producing cellular signals called cytokines, of which there are hundreds.

Cytokines trigger specific receptors on cell membranes that result in precise responses. This phenomenon is considered an essential element in the healing response of all tissues. Identifying and characterizing the large number of cytokines is an important part of stem cell research.

Not every induced response is necessarily beneficial. It is the symphony of responses that is important. How to promote helpful responses while inhibiting non-beneficial ones is a continuing focus of cellular biochemical research as well as the basis upon which drug companies spend huge resources developing drugs to either trigger or block particular cytokine receptors. Good examples in the field of dermatology are EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) blocking compounds for use in treating susceptible cells, most notably cancers stimulated by EGF.

Potential Treatments

Stem cell therapies hold potential to treat many conditions and diseases that affect millions of people in the U.S.

From the Laboratory to the Bedside

Going from the research laboratory to the bedside takes time. Only one month ago, the FDA granted marketing approval for the first licensed stem cell product. Derived from donated umbilical cord blood, the product contains stem cells that can restore a recipients blood cell levels and function. In the chart below, the type of cells recovered from umbilical cord blood are those designated as HSC cell. They are the exact cells responsible for the success of bone marrow transplantation.

Of particular note are the cells designated in the chart as MSC or mesenchymal stem cells. MSC cells are the focus of intense research in the treatment of a number of conditions because this type of stem cell can differentiate into a variety of cell types including bone, cartilage, muscles, nerve, and skin (fibroblast.)

Recent announcements about stem cells being used to fabricate replacement parts (bone, cartilage, heart muscle) are based on MSC research. They truly are the duct tape of the bodys repair tool box; a phrase coined because of their importance in the healing of injuries.

Research has shown MSC cells reside in a number of tissues, including the bone marrow. Through precise chemical signaling that originate from sites of injury, MSC cells have the ability to become mobile, enter the blood stream and travel through the circulation to the injury. Upon arrival, MSCs orchestrate the healing response. Local resident stem cells are also called into action, to produce more stem cells or to produce needed tissue specific cells. In large part, MSCs accomplish their tasks bio-chemically.

Secreted cytokines have been identified as themajormechanism by which MSCs perform their important reparative functions. There are hundreds of cytokines identified thus far. The healing response is an intricate and balanced process in which many cytokines participate.

Despite their inherent ability to differentiate into essentially any type of cell, embryonic stem cells are unlikely to be a major research focus in the foreseeable future. Ethical and political considerations limit the acceptability of their use. Federal regulations permit research only on existing cell lines which are few in number. It is difficult to see how this prohibition will end any time soon.

Getting Closer butNot There Yet

MSC (mesenchymal stem cell) therapies include use ofcellsanduse of MSC factors, the cytokines or chemical messengers mentioned above. Methods of administration will likely include intravenous infusion, injections into tissues or body spaces, or development of drugs that activate or block certain cytokine effects. Drugs already in development include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockers for use in cancer treatment.

Stem Cells and Skin Health

From fetal life to death, the numbers and activity of stem cells diminish. The chart at left shows how the population of mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow dwindles with age.

Knowing that stem cells are important in producing differentiated daughter cells (such as fibroblasts within the dermis) and are instrumental in orchestrating the bodys response to injury, it is easy to understand how skin damage from sun exposure, gravity, smoking, trauma, toxins, even repetitive facial movement, accumulates over time.

This is one line of evidence (we will look at others) that mesenchymal stem cells (or more specifically the relative lack of same) has a lot to do with aging. Skin aging included.

Products Claiming to Activate Skin Stem Cells

The number of skin products claiming to activate human skin stem cells is large and growing. As discussed previously on BFT, a whole slew of plant derived stem cell products are being marketing, NONE of which can actually or theoretically activate anything, especially not a human stem cell.

Other products claim to have essential nutrients or antioxidants or some other magical ingredient that will suddenly make stem cells take notice and unleash their regenerative power. It is highly unlikely, except in the most extreme case of malnourishment, that any nutrient or antioxidant is deficient enough to cause a cell not to function.

These and the botanical stem cell products are marketing ploys. Human stem cells deep within the dermis will never know whether or not these substances are applied. Moisturizers and other recognized ingredients in these products can be beneficial to skin appearancebut not because a stem cell is involved.

This is worse than junk science. This is scamming.

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Skin & Human Stem Cells : An Introduction | BareFacedTruth.com

Goutham Narla, MD, PhD, Chief, Division of Genetic Medicine

As use of genomic technologies continue to increase in research and clinical settings, the Division of Genetic Medicine serves a key role in bringing together basic, clinical, and translational expertise in genomic medicine, with multidisciplinary faculty comprised of MDs, PhD scientists, and genetic counselors. Demand for expertise in genetics continues to increase, and the Division of Genetic Medicine is committed to advancing scientific discovery and clinical care of patients.

In addition to our Medical Genetics Clinic, genetics services are available through several other Michigan Medicine clinics and programs, including the Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk Evaluation Program, Cancer GeneticsClinic,Inherited Cardiomyopathies and Arrhythmias Program,Neurogenetics Clinic, Pediatric Genetics Clinic, and Prenatal Evaluation Clinic.

Our faculty are focused on various research areas including cancer genetics, inherited hematologic disorders, neural stem cells,the mechanisms and regulation of DNA repair processes in mammalian cells, predictive genetic testing,understanding the mechanisms controlled by Hox genes, birth defects, bleeding and thrombotic disorders, and human limb malformations.

Division of Genetic Medicinefaculty are actively engaged in the education, teaching, and mentorship of clinicians, and clinical and basic scientists, including undergraduate and graduate students, medical students, residents, and fellows from various subspecialties.

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Genetic Medicine | Internal Medicine | Michigan Medicine ...

Charlotte Ophthalmology, is a leading Charlotte area eye center with over 40 years of experience. Our physicians have helped thousands of people see better, look better, and feel better. We are committed to excellence, and our patients turn to us for the best care available. We believe in one-on-one patient interaction. At our office, its not about the numbersits about treating patients one at a time.

Charlotte Ophthalmology Clinic invests in the latest laser, surgical, and pre-op testing equipment available. Our physicians are always up-to-date on the newest treatments and technologies, all delivered with the personal care our patients have come to expect.

Drs. Branner, Whiteside and Vaziri are our vision correction surgeons and physicians. They are among the most experienced and well-trained in the entire country. Together they have performed thousands of surgical, cosmetic and vision correction procedures and work as a team to meet all of your eye care needs. All are board certified by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, and they have completed extensive training as eye surgery specialists and ophthalmologists.

We are proud to announce the addition of Lensx Laser Cataract Surgery. For patients who are candidates, the latest technology for cataract surgery allows our doctors to use a surgical laser, called LENSX, for specific segments of the procedure to make cataract surgery more accurate than ever before. This laser system creates incisions without a blade so that the capsulotomy, primary incisions and even astigmatism incisions can be created more precisely.

Dr. Branner, Dr. Vaziri and Dr. Whiteside are all certified LENSX surgeons and will be happy to examine your eyes to determine if this procedure is right for you. More Information on Lensx

Charlotte Ophthalmology is proud to be the only practice in North Carolina to offer Z-Vision, the most advanced all-laser Lasik available. This procedure combines the most advanced Ziemer femtosecond laser for more gentle creation of the flap with the precision and accuracy of true Custom Wavefront VISX technology to reshape the cornea and give a quicker recovery for your vision. Our operative suite is constantly monitored to maintain strict humidity and temperature levels, which are imperative for the equipment to function properly. Our laser technicians recalibrate our systems between each patient. Dr. Branner, Dr. Whiteside, and Dr. Vaziri personally make sure your Lasik experience will be a positive, personal experience with the results you would expect from an expert in this field.

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Charlotte Ophthalmology Clinic Laser Vision Correction ...

Picea abies, the Norway spruce,[3] is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.[4] It has branchlets that typically hang downwards, and the largest cones of any spruce, 917cm (312634in) long. It is very closely related to the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), which replaces it east of the Ural Mountains, and with which it hybridises freely. The Norway spruce is widely planted for its wood, and is the species used as the main Christmas tree in several cities around the world. It was the first gymnosperm to have its genome sequenced, and one clone has been measured as 9,550 years old.

The Latin specific epithet abies means fir-like.[5]

Norway spruce is a large, fast-growing evergreen coniferous tree growing 3555m (115180ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of 1 to 1.5m (39 to 59in). It can grow fast when young, up to 1m (3ft) per year for the first 25 years under good conditions, but becomes slower once over 20m (65ft) tall.[6] The shoots are orange-brown and glabrous (hairless). The leaves are needle-like with blunt tips,[7] 1224mm (15321516in) long, quadrangular in cross-section (not flattened), and dark green on all four sides with inconspicuous stomatal lines. The seed cones are 917cm (312634in) long (the longest of any spruce), and have bluntly to sharply triangular-pointed scale tips. They are green or reddish, maturing brown 57 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 45mm (532316in) long, with a pale brown 15-millimetre (58-inch) wing.[1][8][9][10][11]

The tallest measured Norway spruce is 62.26m (204ft) tall and grows near Ribnica na Pohorju, Slovenia.[12]

It can often be observed that the roots of spruces pushed over in a storm form a relatively flat disc. This is usually due to the rocky subsurface, a high clay content or oxygen-depletion of the subsoil and not to a preference of the trees to form a flat root system.[citation needed]

The Norway spruce grows throughout Europe from Norway in the northwest and Poland eastward, and also in the mountains of central Europe, southwest to the western end of the Alps, and southeast in the Carpathians and Balkans to the extreme north of Greece. The northern limit is in the arctic, just north of 70N in Norway. Its eastern limit in Russia is hard to define, due to extensive hybridisation and intergradation with the Siberian spruce, but is usually given as the Ural Mountains. However, trees showing some Siberian spruce characters extend as far west as much of northern Finland, with a few records in northeast Norway. The hybrid is known as Picea fennica (or P.abies subsp. fennica, if the two taxa are considered subspecies), and can be distinguished by a tendency towards having hairy shoots and cones with smoothly rounded scales.[8][9][10]

Norway spruce cone scales are used as food by the caterpillars of the tortrix moth Cydia illutana, whereas Cydia duplicana feeds on the bark around injuries or canker.

Cones of P.obovata and Picea abies

Cones of P.obovata are short and have rounded scales.

Cones of P.abies are longer and have pointed scales.

Populations in southeast Europe tend to have on average longer cones with more pointed scales; these are sometimes distinguished as Picea abies var. acuminata (Beck) Dallim. & A.B. Jacks., but there is extensive overlap in variation with trees from other parts of the range.[8][9][10]

Some botanists treat Siberian spruce as a subspecies of Norway spruce, though in their typical forms, they are very distinct, the Siberian spruce having cones only 510cm long, with smoothly rounded scales, and pubescent (hairy) shoots.[8][9][10] Genetically Norway and Siberian spruces have turned out to be extremely similar and may be considered as two closely related subspecies of P.abies.[13]

Another spruce with smoothly rounded cone scales and hairy shoots occurs rarely in the Central Alps in eastern Switzerland. It is also distinct in having thicker, blue-green leaves. Many texts treat this as a variant of Norway spruce, but it is as distinct as many other spruces, and appears to be more closely related to Siberian spruce (Picea obovata), Schrenk's spruce (Picea schrenkiana) from central Asia and Morinda spruce (Picea smithiana) in the Himalaya. Treated as a distinct species, it takes the name Alpine spruce (Picea alpestris (Brgger) Stein). As with Siberian spruce, it hybridises extensively with Norway spruce; pure specimens are rare. Hybrids are commonly known as Norwegian spruce, which should not be confused with the pure species Norway spruce.[8][9][10]

The Norway spruce is one of the most widely planted spruces, both in and outside of its native range, and one of the most economically important coniferous species in Europe.[14] It is used as an ornamental tree in parks and gardens. It is also widely planted for use as a Christmas tree. Every Christmas, the Norwegian capital city, Oslo, provides the cities of London (the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree), Edinburgh and Washington D.C. with a Norway spruce, which is placed at the most central square of each city. This is mainly a sign of gratitude for the aid these countries gave during the Second World War.[15]In North America, Norway spruce is widely planted, specifically in the northeastern, Pacific Coast, and Rocky Mountain states, as well as in southeastern Canada. It is naturalised in some parts of North America. There are naturalised populations occurring from Connecticut to Michigan, and it is probable that they occur elsewhere.[14] Norway spruces are more tolerant of hot, humid weather than many conifers which do not thrive except in cool-summer areas and they will grow up to USDA Growing Zone 8.

In the northern US and Canada, Norway spruce is reported as invasive in some locations, however it does not pose a problem in Zones 6 and up as the seeds have a significantly reduced germination rate in areas with hot, humid summers.

The Norway spruce tolerates acidic soils well, but does not do well on dry or deficient soils. From 1928 until the 1960s it was planted on surface mine spoils in Indiana.[14]

Several cultivars have been selected as ornamentals (Barrya, Capitata, Decumbens, Dumosa, Clanbrassiliana, Gregoryana, Inversa, Microsperma, Nidiformis, Ohlendorffii, Repens, Tabuliformis, Maxwellii, 'Virgata', 'Inversa', Pendula), with a wide variety of sizes and shapes, from full-sized forest trees to extremely slow-growing, prostrate forms. They are occasionally traded under the obsolete scientific name Picea excelsa (an illegitimate name). The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[16]

The Norway spruce is used in forestry for (softwood) timber,[22] and paper production.

The tree is the source of spruce beer, which was once used to prevent and even cure scurvy.[23] This high vitamin C content can be consumed as a tea from the shoot tips or even eaten straight from the tree when light green and new in spring.

It is esteemed as a source of tonewood by stringed-instrument makers.[24] One form of the tree called Haselfichte(de) (Hazel-spruce) grows in the European Alps and has been recognized by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage. This form was used by Stradivarius for instruments.[25] (see German Wikipedia for details).

Norway spruce shoot tips have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally (as syrup or tea) and externally (as baths, for inhalation, as ointments, as resin application or as tea) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, skin, locomotor system, gastrointestinal tract and infections.[26]

A press release from Ume University says that a Norway spruce clone named Old Tjikko, carbon dated as 9,550 years old, is the "oldest living tree".[27]

However, Pando, a stand of 47,000 quaking aspen clones, is estimated to be between 80,000 and one million years old.[28][29][30]

The stress is on the difference between the singular "oldest tree" and the multiple "oldest trees", and between "oldest clone" and "oldest non-clone". The oldest known individual tree (that has not taken advantage of vegetative cloning) is a Great Basin bristlecone pine over 5,000 years old (germination in 3051 BC).[31]

The genome of Picea abies was sequenced in 2013, the first gymnosperm genome to be completely sequenced.[32] The genome contains approximately 20 billion base pairs and is about six times the size of the human genome, despite possessing a similar number of genes. A large proportion of the spruce genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences, including long terminal repeat transposable elements. Despite recent advances in massively parallel DNA sequencing, the assembly of such a large and repetitive genome is a particularly challenging task, mainly from a computational perspective.[33]

Within populations of Picea abies there is great genetic variability, which most likely reflect populations' post-glacial evolutionary history. Genetic diversity can in particular be detected when looking at how the populations respond to climatic conditions. E.g. variations in timing and length of the annual growth period as well as differences in frost-hardiness in spring and autumn. These annual growth patterns are important to recognise in order to choose the proper reforestation material of Picea abies.[34]

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid glucoside, picein, piceatannol and its glucoside (astringin), isorhapontin (the isorhapontigenin glucoside), catechin and ferulic acid are phenolic compounds found in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruces.[35] Piceol[36] and astringin[37] are also found in P.abies.

Extracts from Picea abies have shown inhibitory activity on porcine pancreatic lipase in vitro.[38]

Picea abies (L.) H.Karst is the accepted name of this species. More than 150 synonyms of Picea abies have been published.[39]

Homotypic synonyms of Picea abies are:[40]

Some heterotypic synonyms of Picea abies are:

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Picea abies - Wikipedia

Driven to solve your unique challenges.

The biotechnology industry requires sophisticated, mixed-use facilities for product development, manufacturing, and distribution. Effective process-driven engineering coupled with an in-depth understanding of adaptive bioprocess design, and the requirements that impact it, are critical to meeting your unique design needs.

For more than three decades, CRB has specialized in delivering high-quality bioprocess facilities that are safe, reliable, and sustainable. Utilizing state-of-the-art methodologies and practices, we provide services across the entire project lifecycle, from conceptual design through preliminary and detailed design, construction, commissioning, and validation.

Our biotechnology teams are widely acknowledged as some of the top experts in their field.They actively participate in industry committees that help advance the standards andguidelines for biotech facilities and processes. Drawing fromtheunparalleled experience of our team of experts, many of whomhave worked atoperating companies themselves,CRB can provide a deep understanding of clinical, research, and regulatory requirements specific to your facility, as well as the processes that drive your business.

At CRB, we believe every project deserves acustomized approach.We work collaboratively with youtounderstand your needs, andwetailor our world-class expertise to find the right solutions for your technical challenges.Most importantly,we approach your project with the samemindset thatour founders instilled in thiscompany 30+ years ago -- we continually put your interests first. That's why, when partnering with CRB, you can be assured thatyour teamwill never be satisfied untilwe haveachieved success for your business!

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Biotechnology - crbusa.com

Integrative medicine is the practice of combining conventional medical treatments with non-conventional (alternative or complementary) ones.

As more psychiatrists begin to incorporate evidence-based integrative treatment methods, and as patients begin to seek out and utilize alternative treatment options, it is important for psychiatrists to understand both the benefits and effects of such treatments.

Learn more about integrative medicine in psychiatry, including evolving terminology, types of treatment, and patterns of use, while earning CME with the following activity through the APA Learning Center.

Introduction to Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine in Psychiatry: General Overview of CAM in the United States

Launch Course

APA's Caucus on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, a special-interest group of the APA, participates and coordinates in monthly webinars on integrative medicine and psychiatry. APA members interested in joining the Caucus, or for more information on upcoming webinars, please send an email to apacaiminfo@gmail.com.

Over- and Under-Methylation in the Psychiatric Population

Micronutrients as a Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders: The Evidence to Date

Restoring Resilience in Young Adults

For more information on upcoming webinars, please send an email to apacaiminfo@gmail.com.

Each year APA meetings include sessions on the topic Integrative Medicine (CAM). To submit an abstract for consideration, please review APA Meeting Submission and Guidelines.

Learn More

The Residents Journal: Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Psychiatry

A 2013 issue of The Residents Journal, dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine in psychiatry, discusses the history and evolution of integrative medicine as a maturing specialty and includes a case report discussing how melatonin can provide relief to posttraumatic stress disorder patients.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry

Written from the perspective of clinicians who practice both traditional and alternative medicine, this book discusses alternative therapies and provides an academic and practical review of complementary and alternative medicine.

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Complementary and Alternative Treatments in Mental Health Care

This book serves as a concise and practical reference reviewing many complementary and alternative treatments used in North America and Europe, including their history and rationale.

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Complementary and Integrative Treatments in Psychiatric Practice

Examines a range of treatments, including neutraceuticals, mind-body practices, art therapy, and neurotherapy, to combine and integrate for optimal patient outcomes.

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Integrative Medicine - psychiatry.org

Signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, Congress passed the Dickey-Wicker Amendment, in which Jay Dickey and Roger Wicker argued against funding research in which human embryos were created and then destroyed for the purpose of stem cells.

In 2001 President George Bush passed an executive order further limiting research on stem cells by preventing the creation of additional embryonic stem cell lines to add to the 22 in existence at the time. Federal funds were confined for use only in stem cell lines already in existence. In 2009 our current President, Barack Obama had authorized a new executive order highlighting three conditions to be fulfilled for federal funding of embryonic stem cell research.According to How Stem Cells Work, by Stephanie Watson and Craig Freudenrich, these three conditions were:1) The cell line was one of the 22 in existence during the Bush administration or was created from embryos that had been discarded after in vitro fertilization procedures.2) The donors of the embryos were not paid in any way.3) The donors clearly knew that the embryos would be used for research purposes prior to giving consent.

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stem-cells | ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ISSUES