StemCell Therapy

The Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is expected to grow from USD 7,598.48 Million in 2018 to USD 13,938.27 Million by the end of 2025 at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.05%.

The report contains a wide-view explaining Neuropathic Pain Drug Market on the global and regional basis. Global Neuropathic Pain Drug market report is a definitive source of information and provides latest market research intelligence, changing consumer trends with actionable insights on emerging players, products, and technologies. Our analysts possess statistical data to provide insights on statistical report including the factors responsible for driving and hindering the growth of the market along with the impact theyll have on the demand over the coming years.

The study is a combined effort of primary as well as secondary research. The report gives insights on the key factors concerned with generating and limiting Neuropathic Pain Drug industry growth. Additionally, the report also studies competitive developments, such as mergers and acquisitions, new partnerships, new contracts, and new product developments in the global Neuropathic Pain Drug market. The past trends and future prospects included in this report makes it highly comprehensible for the analysis of the market. Moreover, the latest trends, product portfolio, demographics, geographical segmentation, and regulatory framework of the Neuropathic Pain Drug market have also been included in the study.

Neuropathic Pain Drug industry competition by top manufacturers/ Key player Profiled:Bristol-Myers Squibb and Company, Eli Lily and Company, GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Johnson & Johnson Services Inc., Pfizer Inc., Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Biogen Idec Inc., Depomed Inc., and Sanofi S.A.. On the basis of Type, the Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is studied across Phantom Limb Pain, Post Herpetic Neuralgia, Post-traumatic Neuropathy, and Trigeminal Neuralgia.

On the basis of Treatment, the Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is studied across Antidepressant Drugs Type, Medication Type, Multimodal Therapy, and NSAIDs Type.

On the basis of Indication, the Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is studied across Diabetic Neuropathy and Spinal Stenosis.

On the basis of Diagnosis, the Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is studied across Blood Tests and Imaging Physical Examination.

On the basis of Distribution, the Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is studied across Online Pharmacies and Retail Pharmacies & Drug Stores.

On the basis of End User, the Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is studied across Clinics and Hospitals.

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Scope of the Neuropathic Pain Drug Market Report:

APAC is expected to dominate the global Neuropathic Pain Drug market during the forecast period. The worldwide market for Neuropathic Pain Drug is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly xx% over the next five years, will reach xx million US$ in 2025, from xx million US$ in 2019, according to the study. This report focuses on the Neuropathic Pain Drug in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa.

The next part also sheds light on the gap between supply and consumption. Apart from the mentioned information, growth rateofNeuropathic Pain Drugmarket in 2025is also explained. Additionally, type wise and application wise consumptiontables andfiguresof Neuropathic Pain Drugmarketare also given.

Objective of Studies:

Report on Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Industry 2019 mainly covers 10 Section in Table as follows:-

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The Global Neuropathic Pain Drug Market is expected to grow from USD 7,598.48 Million in 2018 to USD 13,938.27 Million by the end of 2025 at a...

More than 30 million Americans are estimated to have type 2 diabetes, a progressive blood sugar disease in which the body doesnt make enough insulin or use insulin well enough to break down the amount of sugar in the blood.

Medications, lifestyle changes, and in more serious cases, insulin therapy can manage the condition.

But a significant portion of people with diabetes often initially decline insulin therapy, according to new research from Brigham and Womens Hospital.

The study, which published in Diabetic Medicine on Thursday, found that more than 40 percent of people with type 2 diabetes turn down their doctors recommendation of insulin therapy.

But those who delay insulin therapy face challenges.

Compared with those who began insulin therapy, people who refused had worse glycemic control, and it took them longer to reach healthier blood sugar levels.

Researchers evaluated 15 years of health data from 5,307 adults with type 2 diabetes whose doctors had recommended they try insulin therapy.

Of the group, 2,267 people or 42.7 percent declined insulin therapy, and, in the years that followed, had worse glycemic control than those who started it.

Older adults were more likely to decline insulin therapy, as were those already taking other diabetes medications that werent insulin.

According to the researchers, the findings imply that delaying insulin therapy could have severe health consequences and shorten a persons life span.

It also highlights the need to improve how various treatment options are discussed with people with diabetes, all while considering each individuals preferences and risk factors.

These findings highlight the need to improve our understanding of the relationship of this common but poorly explored clinical phenomenon to blood glucose control and ultimately diabetes complications, the researchers state in the study.

In people without diabetes, the pancreas secretes the hormone insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is what prevents excessively high or extremely low levels of sugar in the blood.

With type 2 diabetes, the insulin function is impaired, and the body is unable to properly metabolize sugar, or glucose, in the blood.

Patients with diabetes either dont make enough insulin or they make insulin but [develop] resistance to that insulin, meaning that insulin doesnt work as well as it should, said Dr. Minisha Sood, an endocrinologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

Oftentimes, people with diabetes need to take insulin therapy to help the body clear excess sugar from the blood before complications arise.

It is essential to get blood sugars under good control because high sugars can lead to fatigue, excessive urination and thirst, and unintentional weight loss as well as hospitalization or death in the most severe cases, said Dr. Patricia R. Peter, an endocrinologist with the Diabetes Center at Yale Medicine.

High blood sugar levels can also damage nerves, kidneys, vision, and blood vessels which can trigger organ failure, a heart attack, or stroke.

In short, insulin therapy can be lifesaving for people with diabetes.

Its unclear why so many people with diabetes decline insulin therapy.

According to Peter, many may fear the stigma linked to insulin therapy.

Some people equate insulin treatment with some of the most dreaded complications of diabetes, erroneously thinking that insulin will lead to a worsening of diabetes rather than realizing that it is often a necessary treatment when the disease itself is uncontrolled, Peter said.

Others believe insulin is a nuclear option, Peters adds only necessary for those whose condition is very advanced and potentially irreversible.

They may opt for an alternative treatment first.

Alternative therapies are not at all as effective as insulin therapy in lowering glucose, Sood said, adding that these treatments, like cinnamon supplements, inositol, and berberine, arent a substitute for insulin.

Theres also the side effects people hear about: weight gain, the self-injections, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).

It may seem simpler to make some lifestyle changes first, and see whether that helps.

In my experience, some people with diabetes, when they are first diagnosed, are eager to make lifestyle changes to address the issue head-on in that manner. These patients may decline treatment at first, Sood said.

And then theres the high cost.

Its estimated that the average cost of insulin tripled between 2002 and 2013. The rising prices have caused some Americans to ration their insulin, or frantically sell their goods for cash to afford the therapy.

Whatever the reasons may be, its clear something needs to change to ensure people are getting the treatment they need to survive.

Theres a significant need to improve how treatment options are discussed with people who have type 2 diabetes and ensure theyre making fully informed choices.

The best approach, the researchers say, is to weigh the pros and cons of all the different treatment options and customize a plan thatll fit with their preferences along with their personal risks and benefits.

In many cases, though, insulin therapy can be the difference between life and death.

New research has found that more than 40 percent of people with type 2 diabetes turn down their doctors recommendation of insulin therapy.

And those who delay insulin therapy are worse off. Compared with those who began insulin therapy, people who refused had worse blood sugar control, and it took them longer to reach healthier blood sugar levels.

The findings show we need to improve how diabetes treatment options are discussed and ensure people with type 2 diabetes are making fully informed choices.

Excerpt from:
40% of People with Type 2 Diabetes Initially Avoid Insulin Therapy - Healthline

The response to a glucose-potentiated arginine test varied between those with and without obesity among a cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes, particularly in insulin sensitivity and proinsulin secretory ratio, which suggests that beta-cell function is compromised in patients without obesity, according to findings published in Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.

These data demonstrate that in nonobese type 2 diabetes, early in the disease course insulin secretion defects predominate with impaired beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and less efficient processing of proinsulin, together contributing to compromised beta-cell function, Michael R. Rickels, MD, MS, professor of medicine in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and colleagues wrote. We did not find a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity in the nonobese type 2 diabetes subjects, supporting a primary beta-cell defect as the etiology of their impaired glucose regulation.

Rickels and colleagues employed a glucose-potentiated arginine test on 28 adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity (mean age, 54.7 years; 14 women), 12 adults with type 2 diabetes and no obesity (mean age, 58.8 years; one woman) and 12 adults with neither condition (mean age, 32.2 years; two women). The test allowed the researchers to assess acute insulin response to arginine, glucose potentiation of arginine-induced insulin release, beta-cell secretory capacity, beta-cell sensitivity to glucose, insulin sensitivity, the insulin secretion disposition index and the proinsulin secretory ratio. The researchers assessed the disposition index and proinsulin secretory ratio three times during the test.

The response to a glucose-potentiated arginine test varied between those with and without obesity among a cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes, particularly in insulin sensitivity and proinsulin secretory ratio, which suggests that beta-cell function is compromised in patients without obesity

Source: Adobe Stock

The researchers found that participants with type 2 diabetes and no obesity had greater proinsulin secretory ratios at the first (5 vs. 2.8), second (4.9 vs. 2.1) and third (2.6 vs. 1.7) assessment as well as greater insulin sensitivity (0.44 vs. 0.21 [mg/kg1/min1]/[U/mL]) compared with participants with type 2 diabetes and obesity (P < .05 for all). In addition, participants with type 2 diabetes and no obesity had greater levels of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose (208 vs. 160 mg/dL) compared with those without diabetes or obesity (P < .05). Participants with type 2 diabetes and no obesity also had a reduced mark on the disposition index on the second (28.6 vs. 54.5 mg/kg1/min1) and third (45.6 vs. 79.2 mg/kg1/min1) assessment compared with those without diabetes or obesity (P < .05 for both).

The present evidence supports the characteristic association of obese type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance, and that decreased beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and impaired proinsulin processing represent the predominant early pathophysiologic defects in nonobese type 2 diabetes, the researchers wrote. These findings help to differentiate a phenotype for the early presentation of type 2 diabetes wherein future therapeutic interventions may target beta-cell dysfunction as the primary defect in nonobese individuals and insulin resistance as the dominate problem in obese individuals. by Phil Neuffer

Disclosures: The authors report no relevant financial disclosures.

More:
Beta-cell dysfunction typifies type 2 diabetes without obesity - Healio

A record number of people are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, increasing their chances of suffering a heart attack or stroke, the NHS has said.

A growing obesity crisis has led to nearly 2 million people in England being exposed to the condition that causes the level of sugar in the blood to become too high.

As part of efforts to tackle the problem, a radical new liquid diet will be available on the NHS to put type 2 diabetes into remission. Five thousand patients will be restricted to 800 calories per day for three months in a pilot to be rolled out from April. This will be followed by a further nine months of support to help them maintain weight loss.

According to new NHS figures, there are 1,969,610 patients registered with a GP who have non-diabetic hyperglycaemia, a condition that puts people at risk of type 2 diabetes.

The health service said the problem could become greater still because of the rise in obesity levels. Projections indicate the growing number of diabetes sufferers could lead to 39,000 extra people suffering a heart attack in 2035 and more than 50,000 experiencing a stroke.

The NHS said one in six hospital beds were occupied by someone with diabetes.

The most common form of diabetes, type 2, is caused by problems with how the insulin hormone breaks down glucose in the body. The lifelong condition can increase the risk of serious problems with the eyes, heart and nerves, and is often linked to being overweight or inactive.

According to the NHS, there were more than a million obesity diagnoses in hospital admissions last year, up from 884,000 the year before.

The NHSs world-first diabetes prevention programme is doubling its capacity to prevent people from developing the condition. The programme identifies people at high risk of diabetes and supports them to live healthier lives and stop or delay the onset of illness through courses that last between nine and 12 months. It has received around half a million referrals.

NHS chief executive Simon Stevens said bulging waistlines were leading to the rise in people living with type 2.

He said: Unless many more of us make a change, obesity-related illnesses will end up costing hundreds of thousands more lives and billions of pounds in higher treatment costs.

Prof Jonathan Valabhji, NHS national clinical director for obesity and diabetes, said the stark figures showed the problem was not limited to middle-aged or elderly people, with about 115,000 younger people suffering type 2 diabetes or at risk of developing the condition.

Chris Askew, chief executive at Diabetes UK, said: More than half of all cases of type 2 diabetes and the devastating complications it can lead to could be prevented or delayed by supporting people to reduce their risk by losing weight where appropriate, eating healthy food and being more active.

The rest is here:
Two million in UK at risk of type 2 diabetes as obesity crisis grows - The Guardian

Insulet Corp. (NASDAQ:PODD) hit its 52-week high on Feb. 19 after announcing formation of two partnerships that further strengthens its leading role in the market for continuous glucose monitoring.

Trading at just over $211 and with a market cap of more than $13 billion, the Acton, Massachusetts-based company may now be too pricey for both investors and potential acquirers. The company is on the list of the 25 most attractive public acquisition targets in medtech, according to an article in Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry that was updated in mid-2019.

Individual investors have to factor in the latest analyst projections for Insulet. According to CNN Business, the company is rated a hold by 18 analysts. Meanwhile, the 14 analysts offering a price target set the median at $185, with the high at $213 and the low at $125. The company reports fourth-quarter and full-year 2019 earnings on Feb. 25, so that's certainly something to keep an eye on. In the third quarter, Insulet revenue and earnings surpassed expectations.

Insulet's latest alliances are with Abbott Laboratories (NYSE:ABT) and DexCom Inc. (NASDAQ:DXCM). The focus of both deals is Insulet's Omnipod Horizon Automated Delivery System, which is being tested in the U.S. Omnipod will be united with Abbott's highly anticipated Freestyle Libre 2, which is awaiting Food and Drug Administration approval.

This agreement with Dexcom builds on the two companies' integration efforts and makes official plans to launch Omnipod.

DexCom's share performance during the past 52 weeks has been even better than Insulet's, with the price climbing more than 185%. The San Diego-based company sells at a lofty price-earnings ratio of more than 265. It's rated a buy, with 16 analysts assigning it a median target of $300, ranging between a high of $316 and a low of $270. Dexcom closed at $291 on Feb. 21.

Story continues

At least part of the enthusiasm for Insulet and DexCom has to be the size and growth rate for the market for CGM. It is expected to reach nearly $5 billion by 2024, advancing at a compound annual growth rate of nearly 23% from 2018 to 2024, according to a report from Allied Market Research. The monitoring systems enable patients to better manage diabetes by giving them real-time values of their glucose levels and alerts them if they approach hypoglycemia. One big issue facing the manufacturers is lack of reimbursement for the devices.

The International Diabetes Federation reports that about 463 million adults worldwide are living with diabetes; by 2045, this number will rise to 700 million. About 20% of people ages 65 and over have diabetes. The disease causes more than 4 million deaths a year.

Disclosure: The author holds no positions in any of the stocks mentioned in this article.

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Insulet Partners With Abbott and DexCom On Diabetes - Yahoo Finance

INDIANAPOLIS, Feb. 21, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Trulicity (dulaglutide) for the reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in adults with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular (CV) disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. This decision makes Eli Lilly and Company's (NYSE: LLY) Trulicity the first and only type 2 diabetes medicine approved to reduce the risk of MACE for both primary and secondary prevention populations.*

The new indication reflects the differentiated patient population of REWIND, the Trulicity cardiovascular outcomes trial. While all participants had CV risk factors, the study consisted primarily of people without established CV disease. REWIND showed a significant risk reduction in MACE, a composite endpoint of nonfatal myocardial infarction (heart attack), nonfatal stroke or CV death. Results demonstrated consistent MACE risk reduction with Trulicity across major demographic and disease subgroups. Trulicity's safety profile was consistent with the GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) class. The most common adverse events leading to the discontinuation of Trulicity were gastrointestinal events.

"The trial was designed to study a broad population of people living with type 2 diabetes, reflective of those in the general population. We therefore assessed the effect of Trulicity in people with established cardiovascular disease as well as those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors," said Hertzel Gerstein, M.D., MSc, FRCPC, professor of medicine and deputy director of the Population Health Institute at McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, and the REWIND study chair. "Globally, over 415 million people have type 2 diabetes, which is itself a cardiovascular risk factor. However, only about one third have established cardiovascular disease, which is why this new indication, and the supporting evidence, is important for the millions of people in the U.S. living with diabetes."

"For the first time, health care providers can prescribe a diabetes medicine proven to significantly reduce the risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event for people with type 2 diabetes with and without established cardiovascular disease," said Sherry Martin M.D., vice president, medical affairs, Lilly. "Trulicity can help people achieve their A1C goals and protect them from experiencing a cardiovascular event with a once-weekly, easy-to-use treatment option."

Trulicity has been available in the U.S. since 2014 and is the number one prescribed GLP-1 RA. In addition to its proven glycemic efficacy and easy-to-use device**, Trulicity can now be prescribed to help people with type 2 diabetes reduce their risk of CV events.

About the REWIND StudyREWIND (Researching cardiovascular Events with a Weekly INcretin in Diabetes) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to assess the effect of Trulicity 1.5 mg, a weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), compared to placebo, both added to standard of care (according to local standard of care guidelines), on cardiovascular (CV) events in adults with type 2 diabetes. The primary CV outcome was the first occurrence of MACE (the composite of CV death or nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke). Secondary outcomes include each component of the primary composite CV outcome, a composite clinical microvascular outcome comprising retinal or renal disease, hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure requiring hospitalization or an urgent heart failure visit, and all-cause mortality. The 9,901 participants from 24 countries had a mean duration of diabetes of 10.5 years and a median baseline A1C of 7.2 percent. While all participants had CV risk factors, only 31.5 percent of the study participants had established CV disease. Prior (or established) cardiovascular disease in REWIND was defined as prior myocardial infarction, prior ischemic stroke, prior unstable angina, prior revascularization (coronary, carotid, or peripheral), prior hospitalization for ischemia-related events (unstable angina or myocardial ischemia on imaging, or need for percutaneous coronary intervention), or prior documented myocardial ischemia.

The REWIND trial's international scope, high proportion of women, high proportion of people without established cardiovascular disease and inclusion of participants with a lower mean baseline A1C suggest that the findings will be directly relevant to the typical type 2 diabetes patient seen in general practice.

PURPOSE AND SAFETY SUMMARY WITH WARNINGS

Important Facts About Trulicity (Tr-li-si-tee). It is also known as dulaglutide.

TRULICITY is an injectable prescription medicine for adults with type 2 diabetes used to improve blood sugar (glucose) and used to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events such as death, heart attack, or stroke in people who have heart disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors.

Warnings

Trulicity may cause tumors in the thyroid, including thyroid cancer. Watch for possible symptoms, such as a lump or swelling in the neck, trouble swallowing, hoarseness, or shortness of breath. If you have a symptom, tell your doctor.

Ask your doctor how to recognize the serious side effects below and what to do if you think you have one:

Inflamed pancreas (pancreatitis). Stop using Trulicity and call your healthcare provider right away if you have severe pain in your stomach area (abdomen), with or without vomiting, that will not go away. You may feel the pain from your abdomen to your back.

Changes in vision. Tell your healthcare provider if you have changes in vision during treatment with Trulicity.

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may include dizziness or light-headedness, confusion or drowsiness, headache, blurred vision, slurred speech, fast heartbeat, sweating, hunger, shakiness, feeling jittery, weakness, anxiety, irritability or mood changes.

Serious allergic reactions. Stop using Trulicity and get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction which may include: swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat, problems breathing or swallowing, severe rash or itching, fainting or feeling dizzy, or very rapid heartbeat.

Acute kidney injury. In people who have kidney problems, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting may cause a loss of fluids (dehydration). This may cause kidney problems to get worse.

Severe stomach problems. Trulicity may cause stomach problems, which could be severe.

Common side effects

The most common side effects of Trulicity include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and decreased appetite.

These are not all the possible side effects of Trulicity.

Tell your doctor if you have any side effects. You can report side effects at 1-800-FDA-1088 or http://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Before using

Review these questions with your doctor:

Review the list below with your doctor. Trulicity may not be right for you if:

How to take

Learn more

For more information, call 1-844-TRU-INFO (1-844-878-4636) or go to http://www.TRULICITY.com.

This summary provides basic information about Trulicity but does not include all information known about this medicine. Read the information that comes with your prescription each time your prescription is filled. This information does not take the place of talking with your doctor. Be sure to talk to your doctor or other healthcare provider about Trulicity and how to take it. Your doctor is the best person to help you decide if Trulicity is right for you.

Please see full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warning about possible thyroid tumors including thyroid cancer, andMedication Guide.

Trulicity is a registered trademark owned or licensed by Eli Lilly and Company, its subsidiaries, or affiliates.

DG CON BS FEB2020

About DiabetesApproximately 30 million Americans1 and an estimated 463 million adults worldwide have diabetes.2 Type 2 diabetes is the most common type internationally, accounting for an estimated 90 to 95 percent of all diabetes cases in the United States alone.1 Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body does not properly produce or use the hormone insulin.

About Lilly DiabetesLilly has been a global leader in diabetes care since 1923, when we introduced the world's first commercial insulin. Today we are building upon this heritage by working to meet the diverse needs of people with diabetes and those who care for them. Through research, collaboration and quality manufacturing we strive to make life better for people affected by diabetes. We offer a wide range of therapies and a continued determination to provide real solutionsfrom medicines and technologies to support programs and more. For the latest updates, visit http://www.lillydiabetes.com/or follow us on Twitter: @LillyDiabetes and Facebook: LillyDiabetesUS.

AboutEli Lilly and CompanyLilly is a global healthcare leader that unites caring with discovery to make life better for people around the world. We were founded more than a century ago by a man committed to creating high-quality medicines that meet real needs, and today we remain true to that mission in all our work. Across the globe, Lilly employees work to discover and bring life-changing medicines to those who need them, improve the understanding and management of disease, and give back to communities through philanthropy and volunteerism. To learn more about Lilly, please visit us at lilly.com and lilly.com/newsroom. P-LLY

*Primary prevention: Reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by preventing or managing risk factors. Secondary prevention: Reducing the risk of another event in people who have had a serious CV incident or procedure.

**In a study, 94% of people said it was easy to use.

This press release contains forward-looking statements (as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) about Trulicity (dulaglutide) as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and for the reduction of cardiovascular events and its safety profile and reflects Lilly's current belief. However, as with any pharmaceutical product, there are substantial risks and uncertainties in the process of development and commercialization. Among other things, there can be no guarantee that future study results will be consistent with study findings to date, that Trulicity will receive additional regulatory approvals or that Trulicity will continue to be commercially successful. For further discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties, see Lilly's most recent Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as required by law, Lilly undertakes no duty to update forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this release.

PP-DG-US-2722 02/2020 Lilly USA, LLC 2020. All rights reserved.

SOURCE Eli Lilly and Company

http://www.lilly.com

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Trulicity (dulaglutide) is the first and only type 2 diabetes medicine approved to reduce cardiovascular events in adults with and without established...

Diabetes is common metabolic disorder that is found in 30 million people alone in the US. This means that nearly 9.4% of the US population are suffering from the diseases. Neuropathy is a common symptom in the diabetic patients.

A report by Transparency Market Research, forecasts the global diabetic neuropathy market to become worth US$5.718 bn by 2024 from US$ 3.6 bn in 2016 by rising at a steady CAGR of 5.4% between 2017 and 2025.

Diabetic neuropathies are a nerve disorders that can damage the nerves system within the body. Significant rise in the prevent in diabetic neuropathies due to the sedentary lifestyle and urbanization is a prominent factor expected to drive the global diabetic neuropathy market. Similarly, we have mentioned several other factors which are expected to boost he diabetic neuropathy market in the coming few years, have a look-

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Asia Pacific to Witness Rapid Growth due to Rise in Aging Population

Europe and North America are likely to come up as a prominent regions in the global diabetic neuropathy market. Growth of the market in the North America region is mainly due to presence of large pool of patients affected with diabetes.

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On the other hand, Asia Pacific is likely to come up another highly promising region in the global diabetic neuropathy market. This growth of the region is ascribed to the better understanding of diabetic complications and considerable clinical developments. In the recent years, Asia Pacific has witnessed a rise in the number of patients suffering from diabetic neuropathy. Rise in incidences of diabetic neuropathy is mainly due to bad posture induced by change in lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and aging. These factors are driving the diabetic neuropathy market in Asia Pacific.

Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Arbor Pharmaceuticals, LLC, and Lupin Limited are some of the prominent players profiled in the report on the global diabetic neuropathy market.

About Us

Transparency Market Research is a next-generation market intelligence provider, offering fact-based solutions to business leaders, consultants, and strategy professionals.

Our reports are single-point solutions for businesses to grow, evolve, and mature. Our real-time data collection methods along with ability to track more than one million high growth niche products are aligned with your aims. The detailed and proprietary statistical models used by our analysts offer insights for making right decision in the shortest span of time. For organizations that require specific but comprehensive information we offer customized solutions through adhoc reports. These requests are delivered with the perfect combination of right sense of fact-oriented problem solving methodologies and leveraging existing data repositories.

TMR believes that unison of solutions for clients-specific problems with right methodology of research is the key to help enterprises reach right decision.

ContactTransparency Market ResearchState Tower,90 State Street,Suite 700,Albany NY - 12207United StatesUSA - Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453Email: sales@transparencymarketresearch.comWebsite: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/

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Diabetic Neuropathy Market to Rise on the Back of Increasing Patient Pool, TMR - BioSpace

When a person has type 2 diabetes, its important for them to be diagnosed as early as possible because untreated symptoms can lead to dangerous and sometimes irreversible consequences. These complications include damage to the eyes, nerves and kidneys. Some common diabetes symptoms are fatigue, lethargy, confusion, nausea and increases urination. There is an unusual symptom of the condition which lies in a persons skin - if your skin feels this way it may mean youre at risk of developing the condition.

American Diabetes Association said: Diabetes can affect every part of the body, including the skin.

In fact, such problems are sometimes the first sight that a person has diabetes. Luckily, most skin conditions can be prevented or easily treated if caught early.

Some of these problems are skin conditions anyone can have, but people with diabetes get more easily.

These include bacterial infections, fungal infections and itching. Other skin problems happen mostly or only to people with diabetes.

These include diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic blisters and eruptive xanthomatosis.

DONT MISS

Dr David Bradley, assistant professor of endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Centre in Columbus said: High blood sugar increases the risk of skin infections caused by bacteria and yeast.

"Also, poor circulation and nerve damage caused by diabetes can cause itching, too.

"When blood sugar levels are too high for too long, several changes take place in the body that affect skin health.

"Blood sugar leaves the body through the urine and so when there is too much blood sugar, a person will urinate more and this can result in dehydration and skin.

High blood sugar levels can also lead to inflammation.

Over time, this can dull or over stimulate the immune response.

Nerve and blood vessel damage can also reduce circulation. Poor blood flow can alter the skins structure, especially its collagen.

Without healthy collagen networks, the skin can become stiff and in some cases, brittle as collagen is necessary for proper wound healing.

Read this article:
Type 2 diabetes symptoms: Skin that looks and feels this way could be a warning sign - Express

A new proof-of-concept study has found a combination of two drugs, already approved by the FDA for other uses, may boost the release of stem cells from bone marrow and accelerate the healing of broken bones. Only demonstrated in animals at this stage, the researchers suggest clinical trials could progress rapidly considering the drugs have already been demonstrated as safe in humans.

"The body repairs itself all the time, says corresponding author on the study Sara Rankin. We know that when bones break they will heal, and this requires the activation of stem cells in the bone. However, when the damage is severe, there are limits to what the body can do of its own accord.

A great deal of current research is focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies. MSCs are a type of adult stem cell that can grow into a variety of different cell types including muscle, fat or bone. Many current MSC treatments in development involve extracting a small number from a patient, growing them in laboratory conditions, then injecting them back into the patient.

The new research set out to investigate whether any currently approved drugs can function to mobilize the bodys natural ability in releasing MSCs, with a view on speeding up healing of bone fractures. A study published in the journal npj Regenerative Medicine, describes the testing of two already approved drugs in a rodent spinal injury model.

The two drugs tested were an immunostimulant called Plerixafor, used to stimulate the release of stem cells from bone marrow in cancer patients, and a beta-3 adrenergic agonist developed to help bladder control.

The results suggest the duo of drugs mobilize MSCs into the bloodstream and speed up the process of bone formation and healing by enhancing the binding of calcium to the injury site. Tariq Fellous, first author on the new study, suggests the next step is to investigate whether this drug combination enhances blood MSC levels in human subjects.

We first need to see if these medications release the stem cells in healthy volunteers, before we can then test them in patients with fractures, says Fellous. We have the drugs and know they are safe to use in humans - we just need the funding for the human trials.

The researchers say prior studies have identified circulating MSCs increase in volume following injuries such as burns, bone fractures, and even heart attack. The hypothesis is that the release of MSCs is a physiological process aiding general regeneration following injury, and if circulating numbers of MSCs could be pharmacologically enhanced then a variety of types of tissue regeneration could be accelerated.

It is important to note the current study only examined increases in circulating MSCs and the rate of spine injury healing compared to no drug treatment. The current research offers no indication whether the drug duo influences nerve healing or restores movement.

So, more work is certainly necessary to understand how clinically useful these results actually are. However, as the studys co-first author Andia Redpath notes, this re-purposing of existing medicines to boost stem cell activity is an easier, cheaper, and more efficient way to enhance healing compared to other, more complex and time-consuming, stem cell treatments in development.

Rather than devising new stem cell treatments from scratch that involve lengthy and expensive trials, our approach harnesses the power of the bodys own stem cells, using existing drugs, says Redpath. We already know the treatments in our study are safe, its now just a matter of exploring further if they help our bodies heal.

The new study was published in the journal npj Regenerative Medicine.

Source: Imperial College London

Excerpt from:
Experimental study speeds up bone healing with 2 common medications - New Atlas

Switching what the powerhouses of heart cells consume for energy could help the heart regenerate when cells die, a new study led by UTSouthwestern researchers suggests. The finding, published in the Feb. 20, 2020,Nature Metabolism, could open whole new avenues for treating a variety of conditions in which heart muscle becomes damaged, including heart failure caused by viruses, toxins, high blood pressure, or heart attacks.

Current pharmaceutical treatments for heart failure including ACE inhibitors and beta blockers center on trying to stop a vicious cycle of heart muscle loss as strain further damages remaining heart muscle, causing more cells to die, explains UTSouthwestern physician-researcher Hesham A. Sadek, M.D., Ph.D., the J. Fred Schoellkopf, Jr. Chair in Cardiology. There are no existing treatments for rebuilding heart muscle.

Nine years ago, Sadek and his colleagues discovered that mammalian hearts can regenerate if theyre damaged in the first few days of life, spurred by the division of cardiomyocytes, the cells responsible for a hearts contractile force. However, this capacity is completely lost by 7 days old, an abrupt turning point in which division of these cells dramatically slows.

Subsequent research has shown that this change in regenerative capacity appears to stem, at least in part, from damaging free radicals generated by organelles known as mitochondria, which power cells. These free radicals damage cells DNA, a phenomenon called DNA damage, which prompts them to stop dividing.

The shift in free radical production appears to be spurred by a change in what mitochondria in the cardiomyocytes consume for energy, Sadek explains. Although mitochondria rely on glucose in utero and at birth, they switch to fatty acids in the days after birth to utilize these energy-dense molecules in breast milk.

Sadek and his colleagues wondered whether forcing mitochondria to continue to consume glucose might stymie DNA damage and, in turn, extend the window for heart cell regeneration. To test this idea, the researchers tried two different experiments.

In the first, they followed mouse pups whose mothers were genetically altered to produce low-fat breastmilk and that fed on low-fat chow after they weaned. The researchers found that these rodents hearts maintained regenerative capacity weeks later than normal, with their cardiomyocytes continuing to express genes associated with cell division for a significantly longer window than those fed a diet of regular breastmilk and chow. However, this effect didnt last into adulthood their livers eventually made up the deficit by synthesizing the fats that their diets were missing, which significantly reduced their hearts regenerative capacity.

In the second experiment, the researchers created genetically altered animals in which the researchers could delete an enzyme, known as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), necessary for the heart cells mitochondria to digest fatty acids. When the researchers delivered a drug to turn off PDK4 production, the animals cardiomyocytes switched to consuming glucose instead of fatty acids, even in adulthood. After researchers simulated a heart attack, these animals experienced improvement in heart function, which was accompanied by markers in gene expression that suggested their cardiomyocytes were still actively dividing.

Sadek notes that these findings provide proof of principle that its possible to reopen the window for heart cell regeneration by manipulating what cardiomyocyte mitochondria consume for energy.

Eventually, he says, it may be possible to develop drugs that change what cardiomyocytes eat to make them divide again, reversing heart failure and representing a true cure.

Reference: Cardoso et al. (2020).Mitochondrial substrate utilization regulates cardiomyocyte cell-cycle progression. Nature Metabolism. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-020-0169-x.

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Switch Up Heart Cell Diet To Help Regeneration - Technology Networks

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Dubai: It's an industry on the rise, driven by social media before-and-after ads.

And it's ramping up the speed by which Dubai is fast becoming the "new Beverly Hills of the Middle East."

Already, cosmetic surgery has topped the list in medical tourism in Dubai. According to a Dubai Health Authority (DHA) report, the emirate has the highest number of cosmetic surgeons per capita in the region about 50 specialists for a million people.

It's a huge market.And a money-spinner: Price ranges from Dh150-250 for a filler to Dh40,000 for a detailed body sculpting procedure.

Globally, the cosmetic surgery market size is projected to reach $21.97 billion with 7.8% annual growth rate by 2023, according to a Medgadget report.

These are the most common surgery options:

To put this in perspective, we talked to several people.

Myra J., a belly dancer working at a Dubai hotel. She was unhappy. Saddle bags on her thighs were making her performance less graceful. She honestly feared she would be jobless soon.

On a weekend, she checked into a leading aesthetic clinic and the surgeon trimmed the pockets of fat around her thighs, sculpting her body back into perfect shape.

It took her a week to recover and get back to work, but she is delighted with her shapely thighs and feels happier than ever before.

'Ageing gracefully'

Nina M., (52), always loved how beautiful her eyes were and how youthful her cheeks looked.

Last year, nowever, as she got busy with her sons marriage preparations, she started to experience bouts of anxiety at the sight of slowly encroaching bags under her eyes and a slight droop in her cheeks.

I wanted to look and feel my best and thought a filler and a round of botox were harmless indulgences. It took me just an hour at the clinic and the results were amazing. I am glad I was able to stop the onslaught of aging in time.

"Its beautiful to age gracefully, but we all do use creams and gels to delay the process. I think of these minor injectibles as tools in our make-up bag.

"I have used fillers and Botox twice since last year, combined with my beauty regimen. I feel it has given me not just confidence but also psychological boost. I would recommend it to everyone.

Anna M was a physical trainer but vexed with her body shape as she had a masculine build.

- Anna M, a physical trainer

This was affecting her work. Most women were intimidated by her personality and she was losing self-confidence.

Four years ago, she went in for breast implants and her life changed.

Addiction to surgery?

People talk about getting addicted to cosmetic surgery. But that is not so. Most people approach a cosmetic surgeon only when they cannot deal with a physical issue themselves and just like one needs medicine when one is ill, cosmetic surgery acts as a solution to boost confidence and self-esteem.

"Look at how people have reclaimed their health with gastric bypass!

- Dr Sanjay Parashar, chairman, Scientific of the Emirates Plastic Surgery Society

Changing the world one person at a time and providing them with an incredible burst of confidence, aesthetic and cosmetic surgeons in the UAE have built a practice of reliability that can take as little as one hour to a day to transform your personality.

Welcome to the multi-million dirham cosmetic surgery industry in the UAE.

It is the toast of medical tourism in the region, with a high footfall of Gulf and Asian medical tourists as well as resident expatriates.

The industry has accelerated at a speed that is making Dubai be hailed as the new Beverly Hills of the Middle East.

Cosmetic or Plastic Surgery?

These are two different concepts. Cosmetic surgery refers to aesthetic surgery and revolves around enhancement of physical features of an individual and is elective.

This includes procedures such as:

Plastic surgery, on the other hand, is a surgical speciality dealing with life-saving procedures of re-construction of the face and body owing to congenital defects, disfigurement due to accident, trauma, burns, tumour removal due to diseases such as cancer.

In most cases, plastic surgery is not elective.

Dh12b Medical tourism sales in 2018

Since the time pop stars began to inundate Instagram with images of their perfect bodies, dazzling smiles, flawless skin and enviable hair volume, elective procedures have become commonplace with teenagers as young as 13 who are going in for instant fixes.

While some procedures require a couple of days of hospital stay and being out of circulation for a while, many quick fixes are carried out during lunch breaks in one-hour durations.

Highest per capita cosmetic surgeons in UAE

Dr Sanjay Parashar, chairman, Scientific of the Emirates Plastic Surgery Society, told Gulf News: Cosmetic surgery tops the list in medical tourism in Dubai and according to a 2015 report of Dubai Health Authority (DHA), Dubai has the highest number of cosmetic surgeons per capita in the region about 50 specialists for a million people.

- Dr Zuhair Al Fardan, President of the Emirates Plastic Surgery

Dr Parashar added: The field has grown beyond expectations and much of the credit goes to the development of a world-class infrastructure in this field and the corresponding health regulations.

"Today, in Dubai, most Day Care Surgery centres where most of the plastic surgery procedures are carried out have the best international accreditations.

Dr Zuhair Al Fardan, President of the Emirates Plastic Surgery, said: Much of the advancement in plastic and cosmetic surgery is work in progress as surgeons are constantly upgrading themselves with techniques, technologies.

The UAE is keeping abreast of the best that is taking place in the world. In the last five years or so, there have been tremendous advancements in cosmetic and plastic surgery in the UAE.

BEVERLY HILLS AND PLASTIC SURGERY

It's where leading practitioners are rated by customers who give feedback and grade their experience with plastic surgeons according to a five-star rating system.

In this posh district, located within 5.7 square miles and surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood, one of most popular procedures is breast augmentation, according to online directory and crowd-sourced review forum Yelp.

"We have the top plastic surgeons of the world come here to do surgeries and the UAE hosts two major international plastic surgery conferences each year.

Soaring revenues

With greater acceptance and broadening of scope for the discipline, it is evident that plastic surgery is a major revenue earner and places UAE as one of the leading medical tourism destinations in the region.

From a price range of Dh150-250 for a filler to Dh40,000 for a detailed body sculpting procedure, these procedures are money-spinners.

Together, the plastic and cosmetic surgery is a multimillion dirham business in the UAE. While there are no exact figures available, safe estimates can be made, say surgeons.

MULTIMILLION BUSINESS

There are 30 hospitals in Dubai, of which 70 per cent are internationally accredited. The emirate aims to build 22 hospitals by 2020 18 private and 4 public hospitals.

In Dubai, at least 50 per cent of its 30 hospital offer cosmetic and plastic surgery options.

30 number of hospitals in Dubai, of which 70 per cent are internationally accredited

Besides that there are about 150 Day Care Surgery centres and 400 aesthetic clinics in Dubai.

All of them offer a bouquet of cosmetic surgery procedures and their average annual revenue is between Dh4-6 million a year.

400 Number of aesthetic clinics in Dubai

If one were to compute that with the numbers of facilities including hospitals, the annual revenue from cosmetic surgery would run into many millions of dirhams annually.

High on medical tourism

Currently, Dubai aims to attract 500,000 medical tourists a year by end 2020.

In a short priod of time, Dubai has managed to be ranked 17 among the top 25 global destinations for medical tourism and cosmetic surgery, along with fertility, orthopaedic, dental and wellness disciplines in the list of most-billed medical procedures.

40% percentage of tourists who come to Dubai come only for medical tourism. Medical tourism sales topped Dh12 billion in 2018, a 5.5% jump in the number of medical tourists

Based on official data, about 46 per cent of the current medical tourists in Dubai come from Asian countries. About a quarter (25 per cent), come from GCC and Arab countries and 13 per cent from African countries, and the remaining 16 per cent from other countries, mainly the UK and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries.

In fact, 40 per cent of tourists who come to Dubai come only for medical tourism.

- Dr Francis Conroy, consultant plastic, cosmetic and reconstructive surgeon at the American Hospital, Dubai

Medical tourism sales topped Dh12 billion in 2018, with a 5.5 per cent overall increase in medical tourists.

Medical tourists

Dubai attracted a total of 640,542 international and domestic medical tourists in 2018 (51 per cent were international patients).

European tourists consisting mostly of UK, French and Italian citizens, share 16 per cent of health and wellness tourists.

A substantial medical tourism revenue, it is evident, is earned through plastic and cosmetic surgery.

Dr Francis Conroy, consultant plastic, cosmetic and reconstructive surgeon at the American Hospital, Dubai, remarked: American Hospital Dubai, is one of the few facilities offering both comprehensive reconstructive and cosmetic surgery services.

"Our plastic surgeons are fully trained in both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery so we see a wide-ranging case mix, from severe trauma cases to cancer cases and of course, those opting for cosmetic surgery."

Most popular cosmetic surgery

Typically, these patients would be female, who done with having children and raising them, now wish to address the changes in their body. I also see a large number of male patients who want to correct problems associated with their chest with the help of liposuction.

Source: Dr Francis Conroy, consultant plastic, cosmetic and reconstructive surgeon at the American Hospital, Dubai

Most popular cosmetic surgery

"Typically, these patients would be female, who done with having children and raising them, now wish to address the changes in their body. I also see a large number of male patients who want to correct problems associated with their chest with the help of liposuction, said Dr Conroy.

Non-surgical treatments (neuro-modulators, fillers, etc) are still very popular and I have seen a trend in that patients are starting with such treatments at an earlier age.

Given the prestigious reputation of the hospital and the Dubai governments plan to promote medical tourism, I have noticed a huge influx of patients from Africa, Nigeria and Ghana in particular.

"These patients come mainly for cosmetic surgery, knowing that they are in the hands of a highly qualified surgeon, in a safe, luxurious facility, with standards second to none, said Dr Conroy.

Top six cosmetic surgery procedures in town

The procedures can be divided into categories:

Does health insurance cover plastic surgery?

"Reconstructive surgery such as correction of birth deformities such as a tuberous breast, cleft lip, hand deformities, skin transplant following burns, road trauma and breast augmentation and reconstruction following a mastectomy and rebuilding after a tumour resection is all covered under all leading health insurances. There is also new kinds of stem cell therapy being used to regenerate tissues and nerves especially in diabetic patients.

Know the rules:

The DHA has made it mandatory for all Day Care Surgery Centres, most of who carry out aesthetic procedures, to have one leading international accreditation from Canada, US, UK or Australia.

These accreditations were earlier mandatory for hospitals only, but from 2020, all Day Care Surgery centres compulsorily must have an international accreditation.

This ensures that an independent, international medical body enforces global health standards to grant them certification and in case of a sentinel event, conducts its independent inquiry and downgrades these places in case of a serious lapse.

DHA on its own has issued a 25-page manual on quality and regulations that is to be followed at all centres.

A close examination of the Day Care Surgery centres indicates several layers of quality control.

Pre surgery quality

This involves free consultation, especially in case of a second opinion or a first time patient seeking to enquire about a procedure based on his/her requirement. When a patient uploads a request on the website of a centre from anywhere in the world, the centre has to provide a detailed consultation free of charge.

Services available to a patient

Once the patient is convinced and comes in person to consult the doctor, quality is upheld in the pre-diagnostic tests that the patient has to undergo.

Infrastructure quality

DHA has graded Day Care Centres into A, B and C categories based on the level of medical facilities that can be accessed by a patient. Anaesthesia methods such as oral, epidural and general also help classify centres. For instance, hair transplant procedures can only be carried out in B and above grade clinics. Day Care Centres that conduct surgeries under general anaesthesia much be equipped with the Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) with their surgeons and registered nurses being certified as trained in administering ACLS to a patient.

Patient safety protocol

There are very specific guidelines for patient safety and the doctor/surgeon must explain the procedure in detail to the patient and his/her family and obtain a written consent to go ahead after ascertaining that all risks and side-effects have been clearly explained to the patient.

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Dubai is the 'new Beverly Hills of the Middle East': Here's why - Gulf News

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Stem Cell Assay Market to Expand Substantially Owing to Technological Innovations During 2016 2024 - Instant Tech News

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Major Players included in this report are as follows Life TechnologiesCorning (Cellgro)Sigma-AldrichThermo FisherMerck MilliporeGE HealthcareLonzaBDHiMediaTakaraCellGenixAtlanta BiologicalsPromoCellZenbio

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Cell Culture Products Market Analysis And Demand With Forecast Overview To 2026 - News Times

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Balanced Salt Solutions Market Strategies and Insight Driven Transformation 2020-2026 - Nyse Nasdaq Live

One of her sisters was tested for the APOE4 genetic variant; results were negative. This is no guarantee of a dementia-free future, however, since hundreds of genes are implicated in Alzheimers, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia.

Rather than get genetic or neuropsychological tests, Ms. Super has focused on learning as much as she can about how to protect her brain. At the top of the list: managing her depression as well as stress. Both have been linked to dementia.

Also, Ms. Super exercises routinely and eats what is known as a MIND-style diet, rich in vegetables, berries, whole grains, nuts, fish and beans. She is learning French (a form of cognitive stimulation), meditates regularly and is socially and intellectually active.

According to a growing body of research, physical inactivity, hearing loss, depression, obesity, hypertension, smoking, social isolation, diabetes and low education levels raise the risk of dementia. All of these factors are modifiable.

What if Ms. Super started having memory problems? I fear I would get really depressed, she admitted. Alzheimers is such a horrible disease: To see what people you love go through, especially in the early stages, when theyre aware of whats happening but cant do anything about it, is excruciating. Im not sure I want to go through that.

Dr. Gefen of Northwestern said she tells patients that if cognitive testing is something thats going to stress you out, then dont do it.

Nigel Smith, 49, had a change of heart after caring for his mother, Nancy Smith, 81, whos in hospice care in the Boston area with Alzheimers. When he brought his mother in for a neuropsychological exam in early 2017 and she received a diagnosis of moderate Alzheimers, she was furious. At that point, his mother was still living in the familys large home in Brookline, Mass., which she refused to leave.

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Stalked by the Fear That Dementia Is Stalking You - The New York Times

STATEN ISLAND, My wife Joan has diabetes. It evidences itself upon her in many ways. There are various forms of opathies involved, that affect your limbs and eyes. Joan uses her eyes a lot for her work as a photo editor. So, when she started experiencing some problems lately, we took several visits to her eye doctor. No pun intended, but those visits were eye openers.

Her doctors first suggestion was to get better lighting. An LED lamp we bought on New Dorp Lane had a semi-hefty price tag. The event that got me going was, when she needed eye salve for an infection, the price originally quoted was $247. For a very tiny tube of ointment.

The next day, because Joan and the pharmacist kept asking questions, the price dropped to $12. Several people I know have similar stories. The threat of Big Pharma is no fairy tale meant to scare little kids. The pharmaceutical companies in the USA prey on the weak, the older and the sick to make their nut. Louis Black often asks when health care became a for profit industry. Good question.

During one of our visits, I spied an eye chart that had various facts printed at various font sizes, to test peoples acuity. The facts alone made me want to tear my eyes out!

(1) Tobacco use increases the rick of macular degeneration, which is the leading cause of blindness in people 65 and older, more than cataracts and glaucoma.

Macular degeneration is caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, which controls the eyes ability to focus, which affects driving, reading, seeing details.

(2) An annual eye exam is recommended for all people 65 and over as well as for those people with diabetes.

TAKE A STEP BACK

Hered be a good place to pause and discuss diabetic retinopathy.

It causes weakened blood vessels in the eye to leak, bleed and become blocked. If untreated, it can lead to blindness. Early detection, treatment via diet, exercise, laser and, in extreme cases, surgery is indicated. The cause is usually the peaks and valleys in blood sugar levels that people with diabetes often experience. So, as well as not having a working pancreas, people with diabetes can expect loss of feeling in their hands and feet (which sometimes means you can injure yourself and not feel it, leading to further complications) and, in some cases, loss or sight, partially or totally.

People with diabetes have to be resilient, courageous and brave. An occasional kickboxing class might also come in handy!

(3) In the next 30 years, the number of people over 65 with vision impairments will double. We have more baby boomers on Staten Island than on any other borough. And the first one ya to do that OK. line on me gets a shot in the eye on the house!

Seriously, is this not enough to make you run screaming into a hallway? Frequent readers of this column know I heartily endorse preventive medicine, because its much better to get treatment before a crisis occurs than after. Many people are afraid of visiting doctors too often because of the expense or because theyre afraid that a doctor will find something they dont want to know about.

Question: Who would you rather have find something.your spouse or a highly trained professional that will actually be able to do something about whatever it is that they find?

Im thinking now of that scene in This is 40 where Paul Rudd asks Leslie Mann to check out what he thinks might be an anal fissure. A strategically placed mirror avoids embarrassment during this scene and focuses solely on the laugh.

LENDING SUPPORT

But, seriously, as much as we love our spouses, unless were medically trained, theres little we can do for them but to go with them to appointments and hold their hand, be a second pair of ears and eyes, and just be there for moral support, in general.

Oh, and taking them to the Hylan Diner afterwards. They make really good omelettes! (Sorry, Victoria Priola! I know thats YOUR beat!)

And when things get rough, we have to stand by each other even more. Joan and I have seen our share of health crises..broken limbs, pneumonia, comas, anxiety attacksevery time you come through something together, youre stronger because of it. Too many in a row and you may weaken. It helps to take time out every once in awhile. Take a day trip, or visit somewhere for five days. Have things you do together and things you do separately. Date nights rule. And, when the kids are out of the house, you can use all that time you spent cleaning their rooms, washing their laundry and picking up their coffee cups for..uh.other activities.

LETS SEE A SMILE

We should never take each other for granted. Because, you just dont know. So, live every day, laugh every day, tell your significant other you love them at least once a day. Make sure they know they have an ally in this world that wont disappear when the going gets tough.

After all, thats what you need as well!

Hold those grey heads up!

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The Old Guy: Loving support for a partner with health concerns - SILive.com

At a makeshift camp in Matamoros, tents crowd a muddy levee, housing around 2,500 migrants. Families cook on homemade stoves built out of old washing machines. From a trailer, Dr. Maura Sammon, the medical director for Global Response Management, leads a team of doctors, some of whom are migrants themselves.

Dr. Sammon said the team treated at least 40 patients a day. She listed the more serious medical issues: sickle cell anemia, hypoxia, third-degree burns and sepsis. Other patients included a 70-year-old with chest pains, children with epilepsy or development disorders, a migrant with H.I.V. as well as one with ovarian cancer.

This is 100 percent a creation of M.P.P., Dr. Sammon said. It is not a virtual wall it is a wall. You see how close that river is. You see people looking at that river every day and saying, The United States is right there.

Her team sends patients in need of emergency care to a nearby hospital, but the care can be inadequate. A boy who went to the hospital with appendicitis was discharged, then his appendix ruptured, Dr. Sammon said. Some migrants refuse to go to the hospital for fear of being kidnapped by cartel organizations, the same threat that prompted the State Department to advise Americans not to travel to Matamoros. On Thursday, a drive-by shooting near the camp forced the evacuation of Dr. Sammons medical team.

Homeland security officials say the new asylum policy, more commonly known as Remain in Mexico, quelled a surge of migration last year and eased overcrowded detention facilities in the United States. Forcing migrants to wait in Mexico has also discouraged those unlikely to qualify for asylum from participating in the process, officials say.

A medical issue by itself usually has not been enough to gain entry into the United States, and was rarely grounds for a claim of asylum, typically granted to those fleeing political oppression and violence. Foreigners with health conditions typically have obtained visitor visas and must prove they can sufficiently pay for medical treatment in the United States.

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He Turned Purple: U.S. Overlooks Ill Asylum Seekers - The New York Times

SAN FRANCISCO Be My Eyes, the mobile app that allows anyone to assist visually impaired people through live video calls, has raised $2.8 million in funding. The investment allows the company to further develop its purpose and profit business model while keeping the visual support service free and unlimited for all visually impaired users, according to a press release.

The Series A round, led by Cultivation Capital, also welcomed new board members Paul Weber (Cultivation Capital) and Michael Buckley (angel investor and former vice president of global communications at Facebook). Be My Eyes has previously been backed by angels and investment funding from the likes of Singularity University, the founders of Zendesk and the LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired in San Francisco.

Be My Eyes solves a simple problem for users: It calls up a real person, on demand, to describe whats in front of a blind users camera. Initially supported entirely by volunteers, Be My Eyes recently announced that it would begin partnering with companies to provide expert-level support through a new feature in the app (Specialized Help). Microsoft signed on as Be My Eyes first video support partner in 2018, followed by Google, Lloyds Banking Group, and Procter & Gamble, who now all provide video customer support to the BME community, which spans more than 175 countries. Companies can provide Specialized Help globally or by region, and support services are free to Be My Eyes users.

In call centers around the world, weve seen the Be My Eyes software greatly reduce ticket handling times and increase satisfaction rates, from both support agents and blind or low vision callers, says Alexander Hauerslev Jensen, chief commercial officer at Be My Eyes. Whats more, each call that a company receives brings attention to parts of the product or service that can be designed more inclusively.

Kyndra LoCoco, partner and programs manager at Google Accessibility, added, The Google Disability Support team is thrilled to be building a more accessible support experience through the Be My Eyes app. Its our hope that others join us on this journey.

With a community of users that has doubled in size each year since 2015, Be My Eyes micro-volunteering platform has become beloved amongst blind and sighted users alike, according to the release.

Fueled by inspiring stories and viral social media posts of strangers connecting across oceans to help one another, the small startup has amassed what amounts to the worlds largest global community of visually impaired people (almost 200,000), and a volunteer community many times that size (more than 3.5M).

Be My Eyes is a great example of how technology can help bring communities together and empower people who are blind or with low vision, says Neil Barnett, director of inclusive hiring and accessibility at Microsoft. By working together with Be My Eyes, their incredible sighted volunteers, and the growing community of organizations participating in the Specialized Help program, we can help more people around the world live independent lives. We are honored to be part of this vibrant community and provide support for all of their customers through our Disability Answer Desk services.

As we grow and age, we all need help seeing at some point, says Be My Eyes CEO Christian Erfurt, who co-founded the company with a legally blind craftsman named Hans Jrgen Wiberg in 2014. Its been a pleasure to see that not only do people want to give their time to support this large population but companies want to make their customer service offerings more accessible. For them, weve built a simple but beautiful tool.

Erfurt says the corporate partnership business model was conceived so that Be My Eyes will never have to charge blind users for the service. We believe that access to sight is a human right, and you dont charge people for that.

Watch a video about the service:

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Be My Eyes Raises $2.8M in Funding for App to Support Blind and Visually Impaired - InvisionMag

Heart disease is the primary cause of death worldwide, principally because the heart has minimal ability to regenerate muscle tissue. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) caused by coronary artery disease leads to heart muscle loss and replacement with scar tissue, and the heart's pumping ability is permanently reduced. Breakthroughs in stem cell biology in the 1990s and 2000s led to the hypothesis that heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) could be regenerated by transplanting stem cells or their derivatives. It has been 18 years since the first clinical trials of stem cell therapy for heart repair were initiated (1), mostly using adult cells. Although cell therapy is feasible and largely safe, randomized, controlled trials in patients show little consistent benefit from any of the treatments with adult-derived cells (2). In the meantime, pluripotent stem cells have produced bona fide heart muscle regeneration in animal studies and are emerging as leading candidates for human heart regeneration.

In retrospect, the lack of efficacy in these adult cell trials might have been predicted. The most common cell type delivered has been bone marrow mononuclear cells, but other transplanted cell types include bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and skeletal muscle myoblasts, and a few studies have used putative progenitors isolated from the adult heart itself. Although each of these adult cell types was originally postulated to differentiate directly into cardiomyocytes, none of them actually do. Indeed, with the exception of skeletal muscle myoblasts, none of these cell types survive more than a few days in the injured heart (see the figure). Unfortunately, the studies using bone marrow and adult resident cardiac progenitor cells were based on a large body of fraudulent work (3), which has led to the retraction of >30 publications. This has left clinical investigators wondering whether their trials should continue, given the lack of scientific foundation and the low but measurable risk of bleeding, stroke, and infection.

Additionally, investigators have struggled to explain the beneficial effects of adult cell therapy in preclinical animal models. Because none of these injected cell types survive and engraft in meaningful numbers or directly generate new myocardium, the mechanism has always been somewhat mysterious. Most research has focused on paracrine-mediated activation of endogenous repair mechanisms or preventing additional death of cardiomyocytes. Multiple protein factors, exosomes (small extracellular vesicles), and microRNAs have been proposed as the paracrine effectors, and an acute immunomodulatory effect has recently been suggested to underlie the benefits of adult cell therapy (4). Regardless, if cell engraftment or survival is not required, the durability of the therapy and need for actual cells versus their paracrine effectors is unclear.

Of particular importance to clinical translation is whether cell therapy is additive to optimal medical therapy. This remains unclear because almost all preclinical studies do not use standard medical treatment for myocardial infarction. Given the uncertainties about efficacy and concerns over the veracity of much of the underlying data, whether agencies should continue funding clinical trials using adult cells to treat heart disease should be assessed. Perhaps it is time for proponents of adult cardiac cell therapy to reconsider the approach.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their reprogrammed cousins, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In contrast to adult cells, PSCs can divide indefinitely and differentiate into virtually every cell type in the human body, including cardiomyocytes. These remarkable attributes also make ESCs and iPSCs more challenging to control. Through painstaking development, cell expansion and differentiation protocols have advanced such that batches of 1 billion to 10 billion pharmaceutical-grade cardiomyocytes, at >90% purity, can be generated.

Preclinical studies indicate that PSC-cardiomyocytes can remuscularize infarcted regions of the heart (see the figure). The new myocardium persists for at least 3 months (the longest time studied), and physiological studies indicate that it beats in synchrony with host myocardium. The new myocardium results in substantial improvement in cardiac function in multiple animal models, including nonhuman primates (5). Although the mechanism of action is still under study, there is evidence that these cells directly support the heart's pumping function, in addition to providing paracrine factors. These findings are in line with the original hope for stem cell therapyto regenerate lost tissue and restore organ function. Additional effects, such as mechanically buttressing the injured heart wall, may also contribute.

Breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy have led to the adoption of cell therapies using patient-derived (autologous) T cells that are genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that recognize cancer cell antigens. CAR T cells are the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approved, gene-modified cellular pharmaceutical (6). The clinical and commercial success of autologous CAR T cell transplant to treat B cell malignancies has opened doors for other complex cell therapies, including PSC derivatives. There is now a regulatory path to the clinic, private-sector funding is attracted to this field, and clinical investigators in other areas are encouraged to embrace this technology. Indeed, the first transplants of human ESC-derived cardiac progenitors, surgically delivered as a patch onto the heart's surface, have been carried out (7). In the coming years, multiple attempts to use PSC-derived cardiomyocytes to repair the human heart are likely.

What might the first human trials look like? These studies will probably employ an allogeneic (non-self), off-the-shelf, cryopreserved cell product. Although the discovery of iPSCs raised hopes for widespread use of autologous stem cell therapies, the current technology and regulatory requirements likely make this approach too costly for something as common as heart disease, although this could change as technology and regulations evolve. Given that it would take at least 6 months to generate a therapeutic dose of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, such cells could only be applied to patients whose infarcts are in the chronic phase where scarring (fibrosis) and ventricular remodeling are complete. Preclinical data indicate that chronic infarcts benefit less from cardiomyocyte transplantation than do those with active wound-healing processes.

Adult cells from bone marrow or the adult heart secrete beneficial paracrine factors but do not engraft in the infarcted heart. Pluripotent stem cells give rise to cardiomyocytes that engraft long term in animal models, beat in synchrony with the heart, and secrete beneficial paracrine factors. Long-term cardiomyocyte engraftment partially regenerates injured heart, which is hypothesized to bring clinical benefits.

The need for allogeneic cells raises the question of how to prevent immune rejection, both from innate immune responses in the acute phase of transplantation or from adaptive immune responses that develop more slowly through the detection of non-self antigens presented by major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). A current strategy is the collection of iPSCs from patients who have homozygous MHC loci, which results in exponentially more MHC matches with the general population. However, studies in macaque monkeys suggest that MHC matching will be insufficient. In a macaque model of brain injury, immunosuppression was required to prevent rejection of MHC-matched iPSC-derived neurons (8). Similarly, MHC matching reduced the immunogenicity of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes transplanted subcutaneously or into the hearts of rhesus macaques, but immunosuppressive drugs were still required to prevent rejection (9).

Numerous immune gene editing approaches have been proposed to circumvent rejection, including preventing MHC class I and II molecule expression, overexpressing immunomodulatory cell-surface factors, such CD47 and human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) and HLA-G (two human MHC molecules that promote maternal-fetal immune tolerance), or engineering cells to produce immunosuppressants such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA4) (10). These approaches singly or in combination seem to reduce adaptive immune responses in vitro and in mouse models. Overexpressing HLA-G or CD47 also blunts the innate natural killer cellmediated response that results from deleting MHC class I genes (11). However, these manipulations are not without theoretical risks. It could be difficult to clear viral infections from an immunostealthy patch of tissue, and possible tumors resulting from engraftment of PSCs might be difficult to clear immunologically.

Ventricular arrhythmias have emerged as the major toxicity of cardiomyocyte cell therapy. Initial studies in small animals showed no arrhythmic complications (probably because their heart rates are too fast), but in large animals with human-like heart rates, arrhythmias were consistently observed (5, 12). Stereotypically, these arrhythmias arise a few days after transplantation, peak within a few weeks, and subside after 4 to 6 weeks. The arrhythmias were well tolerated in macaques (5) but were lethal in a subset of pigs (12). Electrophysiological studies indicate that these arrhythmias originate in graft regions from a source that behaves like an ectopic pacemaker. Understanding the mechanism of these arrhythmias and developing solutions are major areas of research. There is particular interest in the hypothesis that the immaturity of PSC-cardiomyocytes contributes to these arrhythmias, and that their maturation in situ caused arrhythmias to subside.

A successful therapy for heart regeneration also requires understanding the host side of the equation. PSC-derived cardiomyocytes engraft despite transplantation into injured myocardium that is ischemic with poor blood flow. Although vessels eventually grow in from the host tissue, normal perfusion is not restored. Achieving a robust arterial input will be key to restoring function, which may require cotransplanting other cell populations or tissue engineering approaches (13, 14). Most PSC-mediated cardiac cell therapy studies have been performed in the subacute window, equivalent to 2 to 4 weeks after myocardial infarction in humans. At this point, there has been insufficient time for a substantial fibrotic response. Fibrosis has multiple deleterious features, including mechanically stiffening the tissue and creating zones of electrical insulation that can cause arrhythmias. Extending this therapy to other clinical situations, such as chronic heart failure, will require additional approaches that address the preexisting fibrosis. Cell therapy may again provide an answer because CAR T cells targeted to cardiac fibroblasts reduced fibrosis (15).

Developing a human cardiomyocyte therapy for heart regeneration will push the limits of cell manufacturing. Each patient will likely require a dose of 1 billion to 10 billion cells. Given the widespread nature of ischemic heart disease, 105 to 106 patients a year are likely to need treatment, which translates to 1014 to 1016 cardiomyocytes per year. Growing cells at this scale will require introduction of next generation bioreactors, development of lower-cost media, construction of large-scale cryopreservation and banking systems, and establishment of a robust supply chain compatible with clinical-grade manufacturing practices.

Beyond PSC-cardiomyocytes, other promising approaches include reactivating cardiomyocyte division and reprogramming fibroblasts to form new cardiomyocytes. However, these approaches are at an earlier stage of development, and currently, PSC-derived cardiomyocyte therapy is the only approach that results in large and lasting new muscle grafts. The hurdles to this treatment are known, and likely addressable, thus multiple clinical trials are anticipated.

Acknowledgments: C.E.M. and W.R.M. are scientific founders of and equity holders in Sana Biotechnology. C.E.M. is an employee of Sana Biotechnology. W.R.M. is a consultant for Sana Biotechnology. C.E.M. and W.R.M. hold issued and pending patents in the field of stem cell and regenerative biology.

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Stem cells and the heartthe road ahead - Science Magazine

The first time Bill Cronin Googled his own cancer diagnosis in 2016, his heart sank. He had Szary syndrome, a rare and aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and staring back at him were countless articles predicting a negative prognosis.

However, after receiving a stem-cell transplant at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Womens Cancer Center, Cronin is returning to the life he enjoyed before cancer.

Im at a place I never thought Id get to, Cronin says.

In 2015, Cronin, then 60, started feeling incredibly itchy and developed an accompanying rash. He went to his dermatologist, who diagnosed him with eczema and told him to return in five months. The rash continued to grow, however, and at the five month mark, Cronins dermatologist encouraged him to undergo further testing at Dana-Farber.

A blood test revealed that Cronins T-cells a type ofwhite blood cells that make up part of the immune system had becomecancerous. In the case of Szary syndrome, lymphoma cells will circulatethrough the blood stream and deposit in different areas of the skin. This willgenerally lead to a full-body rash and intense itchiness.

Cronin would need a stem cell transplant to combat the disease, but before he could receive one, his care team had to get him into remission. Patients who do not achieve remission prior to transplant have a high chance of relapsing.

When they first told me everything, I was really scared, says Cronin. But I knew I was in one of the best places in the world to figure out and treat this rare disease.

Cronins pre-transplant care was spearheaded by oncologists David Fisher, MD, and Nicole LeBoeuf, MD, MPH, clinical director of Cutaneous Oncology at Dana-Farber, with his transplant conducted by Corey Cutler, MD, MPH, medical director of the Adult Stem Cell Transplantation Program at Dana-Farber. Initially, Cronins disease was incredibly resistant; for nearly three years, mainstay drugs including steroids, monoclonal antibodies, and enzyme blockers all failed to put his disease into remission.

Ultimately, it would take a new drug, mogamulizumab (a type of immunotherapy that directly kills T-cells involved with Sezary Syndrome) to get Cronins disease into remission.

In May 2019, Cronin was cleared to undergo an allogeneic transplant, a type of transplant that uses a donors stem cells, in this case, Cronins brother. Since his transplant Cronin has remained in remission.

We had to use all of our big guns to get him totransplant, but Im pleased with where we are now, says Cutler.

I know the situation can always change, but it was great tobe able to share some good news with my family and friends, adds Cronin.

Patients like Cronin serve as a reminder of how stem cell transplants have improved and continue to impact patient outcomes, Dana-Farber experts note. Initially offered to only an incredibly small patient population when first performed at Dana-Farber in the 1970s, research advancements have, and continue to, broaden who is eligible for a transplant. In 2019, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Womens Cancer Center (DF/BWCC) surpassed 10,000 total adult transplants.

This milestone indicates our success as a program and our volume has allowed us to do the research to help move the field forward rather impressively, says Joseph Antin, MD, chief emeritus of Adult Stem Cell Transplantation at DF/BWCC.

In 1996, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Womens Hospital merged their then separate transplant centers. By pooling together physical and intellectual resources, the new combined program was able to more than double the number of transplants each hospital could perform individually.

We always felt collaboration was better than competition, explains Robert Soiffer, MD, vice chair of Medical Oncology for Hematological Malignancies and chief of the Division of Hematologic Malignancies, who oversaw the merger with Antin. Each side could learn from the other, and that helped to catapult us into the leadership position we have today.

The Stem Cell Transplantation Program is also bolstered by the Connell and OReilly Families Cell Manipulation Core Facility (CMCF), which was established in 1996. The state-of-the-art center, led by Jerome Ritz, MD, not only processes the stem cells for transplant; it also assists researchers in developing new cell-based therapies for patients.

Another key component to the programs success has been the creation of the Ted and Eileen Pasquarello Tissue Bank. The Pasquarello Tissue Bank receives, processes, banks, and distributes research samplesof blood, bone marrow, and other tissues. Through a database overseen by Vincent Ho, MD, the Institute is able to log, assess, and later review every patients disease, including all complications and mutations. This technology allows researchers to explore the genetic makeup of past donors and better understand why a transplant was or was not successful.

Were still learning from biological specimens we collected 20 years ago, and it will continue to impact care 20 years from now, Soiffer says.

Today, there is a continuous push to develop new and more precise therapies to complement and improve stem cell transplants. The hope is to bring new treatment options to patients like Cronin who are facing rare and difficult diseases.

Before his diagnosis, Bill, and Barbara Finney, his partner ofnearly 30 years, were avid English Country dancers. English Country dancingevolved from the court dances of Europe in the early 17th century, and Croninand Barbara have friends from all over the country who share their passion forit.

While Cronin isnt dancing just yet, as hes stillrecovering from his transplant, he says he couldnt have gotten through thiswithout his partner on the dance floor and in life.

Barbara has been amazing and has helped take care ofeverything I couldnt do, he adds. Ive been fortunate and privileged to notonly have her, but to have been able to come to Dana-Farber.

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Transplant for Szary Syndrome is Patient's First Step in Returning to the Dance Floor - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute