StemCell Therapy

After careful consideration, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology canceled its annual meeting that was to take place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 13 to 16, because of concerns regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Although the live events will not proceed as planned, our readers can still find coverage of research that was scheduled to be presented at the meeting.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS) with exposure to interleukin (IL)-1 or IL-6 inhibition may be linked to high fatality lung disease and poor outcomes in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), according to research intended to be presented at the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) annual meeting.

Using REDCap databases, researchers collected retrospective observational data for 63 patients with sJIA with lung disease who were diagnosed by 55 physicians from 39 institutions. Researchers evaluated DReSS in patients by using the validated RegiSCAR scoring system.

Of the 63 patients with sJIA and lung disease, 48 had unusual high fatality lung disease associated with IL-1 or IL-6 inhibition. A total of 15 patients were scored with definite DReSS (score, >5/9) and 8 with probable DReSS (score, 4-5/9). At the time of eosinophilia diagnosis, all 23 patients had been exposed to 1 medications, including anakinra, tocilizumab, canakinumab, and rilonacept. Despite concurrent steroid treatment (0-2 mg/kg/d), median peak peripheral eosinophil count was 1725 (range, 754-13,156; 6%-45% of white blood cells) in patients with definite DReSS; facial rash with angioedema was reported in 12 patients.

Among patients in the definite DReSS group, 8 patients stopped the suspected medication, of whom 6 survived (median survival since lung disease diagnosis, 4.7 years) and 2 died after restarting the medication. The remaining 7 patients who continued the medication died.

Overall, the researchers concluded that, DReSS with lung involvement is a high fatality illness. Unrecognized DReSS with exposure to anti-IL-1/IL-6 may account for lung disease and poor outcome in some sJIA cases.

Reference

Saper V, Mellins E, Kwong B. Drug reaction and high fatality lung disease in systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(Suppl 2):AB95.

This article originally appeared on Pulmonology Advisor

Read more:
DReSS Linked to High Fatality Lung Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - Monthly Prescribing Reference

The situation in Italy is dire when it comes to COVID-19 currently with more than 1,000 deaths. Authorities and science are doing the impossible to make progress in combating this virus. Tocilizumab is a drug that treats moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. It can also treat polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (PJIA) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA).

Now its being tried on COVID-19 and with some encouraging results.

A Chinese -Italian Team in Napes, Italy has been experimenting with this drug to fight Covid-19. This news was spread in the Italian press and from the sources of Italian secure communications: RAI-TV

A collaboration between the Colli Hospital, the Cancer Institute of Naples and Chinese doctors, it was verified that Tocilizumab can give positive results in the care of people infected with Coronavirus.

Two patients from Naples immediately responded

The drug was administered to two patients hospitalized at Cotugno Hospital (in Naples), suffering from severe Covid-19 pneumonia last Saturday. 24 hours after the infusion, encouraging improvements were highlighted, especially in one of the two patients, who arrived at the hospital as a particularly critical case. This was reported by the Neapolitan hospital of the Hills.

The same drug has been used in China in 21 patients and now for the first time has been administered in Italy in Coronavirus patience.Based on this experiment it is currently evaluated if treating other critically ill patients is recommended.

The International team

The result was made possible thanks to a great team effort mentioning: the Oncology of the Azienda dei Colli by Vincenzo Montesarchio, the Oncological Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies of Pascale by Paolo Ascierto together with the virologist Franco Buonaguro, and some Chinese doctors, including Wei Haiming Ming from the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China as well as the team of doctors from Cotugno, composed among others by Rodolfo Punzi, director of the department of infectious diseases and infectious diseases, Roberto Parrella, director of Uoc Diseases respiratory infectives, Fiorentino Fragranza, director of the Uoc Anesthesia resuscitation and intensive care, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, director of the Uoc Systemic infections and immunosuppressed, Nicola Maturo, head of the Infectivology First Aid always by Cotugno and Luigi Atripaldi, director of the Microbiology laboratory and virology.

The Chinese experience

Paolo Ascierto and Vincenzo Montesarchio explained out how 21 patients had been treated. All of them showed a visible improvement already in the first 24-48 hours after treatment. Treatment included a single solution It acted without interfering with the protocol therapeutic use based on antiviral drugs.

The downside:

According to Gunther Franke, a pharmacist in Cologne, Germany this news may be good also for Roche Pharma, the manufacturer of the medicine. 4 injections sell for 1900,00, 12 injections for 5800,00

More here:
Arthritis Drug Being Tried on Italian Coronavirus Patients - The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer

As anyone who lives with a chronic illness knows, the plans you have for your life cant always be counted on. Sometimes, theres no amount of trying that will ever be enough to meet those hoped-for goals. And sometimes, you have to let your body lead the way to a future your never imagined.

In 2010, Kirsten Schultz, now 31, was working on a masters degree in Islamic studies and Arabic language at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Their ultimate goal? To make a difference in the world by working as a diplomat. (Schultz uses the pronoun they). And theyd gotten this far by sheer determination. Schultz had literally clawed their way through college, fighting symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis every step of the way. Not only did they work multiple jobs, Schultz battled frequent illnesses and disease flares. But by the time they began work on their graduate degree, new medication had gotten Schultzs symptoms mostly under controluntil they werent.

Like most treatments for RA, Schultzs medication works to suppress the overactive immune response thats causing the joint pain and inflammation; as a result, patients are often more vulnerable to infections. And during grad school, Schultz seemed to get anything and everything that was floating around campus.

Professors docked points when they missed classes, which happened frequently. Some days Schultz just couldnt get there. Daily Arabic classes really required near perfect attendance and missing even one day a week meant a lot of makeup work, Schultz explains. On weeks where I missed more than one day, I was honestly just a body in a classroom. Physically and emotionally, I felt like I was drowning.

Battling these illnesses on top of the fatigue, pain, and brain fog that was just part of living with their arthritis eventually made it almost impossible for Schultz to manage their course load. Something was going to have to change. After 18 months of struggling, they decided to withdraw from school in 2012.

Everything I had worked for for so long, I couldnt do anymore, Schultz says. Dropping out of school was one of the hardest things Ive ever done. As someone who loves learning, being unable to continue studying a subject I was incredibly passionate about was devastating. To admit I was sick enough to have to stop school alone was incredibly hard to do. Many people with disabilities struggle with coming to terms with limitations that we face, and this was that moment for me.

And over the next year, Schultzs depression grew deeper. A close friend had died. Their dream of having a career in world diplomacy was over. And their body just kept letting them down. But somehow, from somewhere deep inside, there was a little voice that told them not to give up.

One of the first things Schultz did was put their energy into their blog. It was an outlet for me to process what I was dealing withand help others by talking about it, they explain. Researching topics to write led me to writing for other organizations and to some really cool opportunities such as attending conferences using a press pass.

They also started volunteering, just a few hours a month at first, with the Arthritis Foundations Arthritis Ambassador Group as way to help enact change, and soon was invited to speak at events.

After that, my volunteering picked up, Schultz says. I was working with not only the AF but also with the International Autoimmune Arthritis Movement, National Arthritis Research Foundation, and other arthritis-based orgs. Doing all this helped me truly feel like I was giving back.

By 2014, Schultz felt like their life was starting to pick back up. They got married, continued with their advocacy work, and even started a new job at the local medical school, which opened their eyes to whole other side of health care, especially the quality-improvement process. Seeing what happens on the healthcare-system side and combining that with what I've seen from the patient side pushed me to want to help improve the overall system, they say.

Schultz had found a new path, perhaps the one they were always meant to follow. In 2015, they began a new masters degree in health administration with a focus on patient advocacy. But this time, they enrolled in an online program to better protect their health.

"Going to school online was such a better fit for me, Schultz says. I could work on classwork, group projects, and attend virtual classes without having to worry about germs, parking, or even wearing pants! Once I got back into the grove of attending classes, I felt amazing. The excitement that I have always felt about learning came back and, for the first time in three years, it felt like my brain fog had lifted."

Finally, in 2017, Schultz earned their degree. "To go from being unable to finish my previous attempt to finishing this one that meant so much more to me personally because of the subject matterits something that I can't describe in words very well. Just knowing I was smart enough and could accomplish this was well worth the degree."

But even with this huge accomplishment to launch them into their next chapter, Schultzs health pulled them back once again. On top of their RA symptoms, Schultz was diagnosed with two additional conditions, hypermobility syndrome, which had been causing increased joint pain, and mast-cell activation syndrome (MCAS), an immunological condition that can cause anaphylaxis and near-anaphylaxis.

The hypermobility was something that I have always had, but it was never diagnosed, Schultz explains. The MCAS makes them extremely sensitive to certain common chemicals. I cant walk down the detergent aisle in the supermarket because I cant take the fumes. Just breathing in certain products triggers symptoms of mild anaphylaxis for me.

For a while, Schultz opted to work part-time and continue advocating for other people via their websites. Along with their blog, they founded Chronic Sex.org, an online forum for people who have disabilities to discuss and learn about sexual issues. Schultz got the idea after attending an Arthritis Introspective conference at which they realized that a lot of the attendees, old and young alike, didnt really know much about basic sexual education. I realized how many people with disabilities get excluded from sex ed, and I wanted to start a forum to help change that, Schultz recalled.

Schultz has traveled internationally to speak at conferences, launched a podcast, and is in the process of developing a Chronic Sex research arm, called ORCHIDS: The Organization for Research on CHronic Illness, Disability, and Sexuality. Then last year, Schultz got their dream job working for a nonprofit dedicated to advocating for the rights of people with disabilities.

"I feel very honored to [help] create positive change. While working in health and sexuality are completely different than what I expected to be doing when I finished my undergraduate degree, I've been able to find ways to still do things I enjoy like research and giving talks, Schultz says. Being able to take on projects and get grants has been wonderfully emotionally. These were things I didn't think I'd be able to do in 2012, and I feel very lucky. My health is still an issue, but thankfully it gets to be on the backburner more days than notand that's pretty great."

Also pretty great? Schultzs journey with arthritis helped them discover another passion. Theyd been in physical therapy when theyd discovered a local LGBTQ hockey team. Throughout their work with Chronic Sex, Schultz had learned a lot about who they were, too, including that they were non-binary and pansexual. Their marriage had ended partly as a result.

"I had been so sick all the time and always had to figure out how to manage my health issues, Schultz explains. I never really had time to have a social life and, with the divorce, I needed to fix that. So Schultz ask their P.T. if itd be safe to play, and the therapist was 110% supportive, Schultz recalls.

The first day of hockey was comical, and I was very sore afterwards, Schultz says. I mean, here I am living with arthritis and my body doesnt move correctly anyway, and there I am standing on skates on the ice. But I loved it and, even though I only skated for five minutes of the entire hour, I couldnt wait to go back.

Schultz plays goalie, a position that taught its own set of lessons. They say: As goalie, I have learned that one night you can stop every puck and another night, you can stop none. There is a lot of luck involved. I think knowing this has made it a lot easier for me to let go and not feel like I have to be in control all the time.

The team has also been a source of new friendships. The amount of support that I have gotten has been incredible, Schultz says. Having a really large group of people to lean on for support has been completely life-changing.

Schultz always likes to have a plan in place, and theyre feeling good as they look forward to the years ahead: I am still going with the notion of not putting a lot of expectations on myself and on what my future looks like, they say. But I've started to work with my body more often than against it. Funny enough, part of teaching other people about self-love and self-esteem has meant having to learn what I teach! That alone has been worth this entire journey. Instead of getting upset at my body, I give myself space and graceto mess up, rest, and try again tomorrow."

See the rest here:
They're Back in the Game - HealthCentral.com

NewsHealthLeading scientists believe 'hyperinflammation' drugs could help with worst cases of the virus

Sunday, 15th March 2020, 6:50 pm

Existing drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and cases of excessive inflammation could be used to treat some of the most severe cases of coronavirus, leading scientists say.

A recent study into coronavirus deaths in China suggested that many of the fatalities were caused by an overactive immune response in the body that was triggered by the virus - rather than by the virus itself.

This suggests that existing drugs designed to suppress these kind of overreactions in the immune system - known as 'hyperinflammation' or cytokine storms - have the potential to significantly reduce casualties from Covid-19.

However, clinical trials are needed to confirm whether these drugs are an effective coronavirus treatment, according to a panel of scientists and clinicians researching the issue.

Screen worst-hit patient

The researchers recommend that all patients who are suffering badly from coronavirus be screened for hyperinflammation with a blood test - and given steroids or other approved drugs if they are found to have it.

Deaths from Covid-19 are rising and there is an urgent need for effective treatment. We recommend identification and treatment of hyperinflammation using existing, approved therapies with proven safety profiles to address the immediate need to reduce the rising mortality, Puja Mehta, of University College London, told i.

Improving awareness of the risk of hyperinflammation and treating patients with immunosuppression therapies is likely to be important in the pandemic, she said.

"Deaths from Covid-19 are rising and there is an urgent need for effective treatment,"

Puja Mehta

Dr Mehta was speaking on behalf of a collaboration of five hyperinflammation experts from universities and hospitals across the UK. They have written an article for The Lancet journal, seen by i, outlining their case.

Immunosuppressants such as the rheumatoid arthritis treatment Actemra, anti-inflammatory 'cortico' steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin blood treatments are used to dampen the immune response and save lives.

Study of Chinese cases

A recent study into 150 cases of Covid-19 cases in China found a link between fatal cases of coronavirus and cytokine storms.

It is recognised that some patients with severe Covid-19 may have hyperinflammation which can be picked up by blood tests.

Where hyperinflammation is shown this is associated with severe coronavirus symptoms and may predict death, Dr Mehta said.

During a cytokine storm, an excessive immune response ravages healthy lung tissue, leading to acute respiratory distress and multi-organ failure. Untreated, cytokine storm syndrome is usually fatal.

Trial of arthritis treatment

Chinese authorities have approved the use of the Actemra rheumatoid arthritis treatment for lung damage arising from coronavirus.

Meanwhile, Chinese researchers have started a trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of using the drug in coronavirus patients with cytokine release syndrome.

Here is the original post:
Existing drugs may have a key role to play in coronavirus treatment - inews

X-rays are generally a good guide to whats wrong with your hip, however it may be difficult to get complete assessment of X-rays especially in early disease, where the changes in the bony architecture may not be easily visible. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI scans) are a great tool to assess the disease process and formulate plan of treatment.

Treatment plan

Once the complete assessment is done, the treatment plan is outlined based on the problems faced and the amount of pain and disability the patient has due to arthritis.

In early disease, the treatment starts with changes in the lifestyle and anti inflammatory medicines. Patient should avoid sitting on the floor and squatting. They are motivated to maintain their muscle strength and hydrotherapy and swimming are a good way to maintain movement and stamina without further damaging the already diseased joint.

A good physiotherapy protocol is formed to give them better quality of life in future. In cases of proven Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis, a Rheumatology specialist opinion is helpful to give them course of Disease Modifying Medicines. They help in control of the arthritis and delay the surgery to a certain extent.

When there is damage to the blood supply, medicines to reduce the blood coagulation may be effective. The aim of the non operative management is to maintain the hip strength and flexibility, and even after taking all the precautions, the disease may progress gradually to a level where a surgical intervention is needed.

When the arthritis gets worse, the patient may have to undergo some surgical intervention to be able to mobilise and lead pain free life. Although difference types of surgeries are available, you may have to head to total knee replacement in severe disease.

The results of the procedure are very predictive and patients lead nearly normal and productive life after undergoing the surgery. They get pain free range and mobility and good quality of life after surgery.

The prosthesis and bearing surfaces have also evolved over decades and the invent of Ceramic and Oxynium heads have given us hope for increased survival of the replaced joint for longer term.

And the newer cement-less designs have better integration into the bone and enable to get fixation without cement, thereby nullifying cement related problems.

If you have hip problems in early age, do visit your orthopaedic surgeon to find a right solution. Timely treatment could help delay surgery and maintain good quality active life.

Go here to read the rest:
Combating arthritis: How to deal with this crippling disease - Free Press Journal

Stories @ Gilead

When Julie Di Paolos father was diagnosed with Crohns disease, an inflammatory condition with limited treatment options, it sparked curiosity and drive that have carried forward into her career at Gilead, where she is Executive Director of Inflammation Biology.

I realized how few medications were being developed to treat the drivers of inflammatory diseases, and how far away the field was from delivering curative therapy, she recalls. That still sticks with me today.

Julie joined Gilead in 2010, as the company was further expanding its work outside of antivirals. While there have been moderate advances in disease understanding and treatment options, significant unmet needs remain for people living with inflammatory conditions. An estimated 38 million people around the world live with inflammatory diseases and two-thirds of patients do not achieve the current treatment goal of disease remission. According to Julie, progress is being made but much more is still needed.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of an inflammatory disease where a lot of the underlying pathways arent well understood, Julie explains. When someone is diagnosed, its not clear whether a particular therapy is going to work for that person. Its essentially a process of elimination until the physician and patient find the right option. Really pairing the right therapy with the right individual is the aspirational place that we want to go. We want to get a much deeper response, and bring relief to more people.

Julie and her team research a broad range of inflammatory diseases, with particular focus on studying small molecules that have the potential to inhibit the Janus kinase (JAK) family of four proteins, some of which are highly active in inflammation. Inhibiting these proteins, particularly JAK-1, has the potential to reduce inflammation, associated symptoms and disease progression.

While there is still much work to be done to fully understand the complex pathways that contribute to inflammatory diseases, Julie says headway is being made.

It starts with incrementally making progress toward understanding a disease and seeing how you can chip away at getting better responses to treatment, Julie says. The ultimate goal is to eventually get to a place where the disease is so well-maintained that it no longer impacts a persons quality of life.

Julie and her team are approaching inflammation from all sides, in what she calls an ABC treatment paradigm. The objective is toArrestthe disease, or stop it where it is and prevent it from getting worse. From there, the next step is toBalancethe condition by creating a tolerogenic environment and reducing the source of inflammation. Eventually, the team believes it will be necessary toCombinetreatments to achieve long-term control of many inflammatory diseases.

Recent progress has enabled Gilead to submit an investigational JAK-1 inhibitor for regulatory review in the United States, Europe and Japan. Addressing the existing gaps in the current standards of care also require partnerships, says Julie, pointing to Gileads 10-year global research and development collaboration with Galapagos. Scientists from the two companies are working together closely to discover and develop potential new therapies.

In science, its all about finding the truth, Julie says. These types of partnerships help create new possibilities for people living with inflammatory diseases. They allow us to bring all of the best ideas together and work collaboratively to advance those that make the most sense.

Originally posted here:
Profiles in Creating Possible: Julie Di Paolo is on a Mission to Understand Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Diseases Press Releases on -...

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Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market To Witness Towering Growth And Surpass USD 16.71 Billion By 2025 - Bandera County Courier

With a viral outbreak prompting the WHO to declare a global health emergency, let's take a look at what a coronavirus is. Louisville Courier Journal

There are points in our history that we'll always remember.

For some, it was the Kennedy assassinations. Both of them. Or when MLK was gunned down. For others, the Nixon resignation. Or the Challenger explosion, or the attack on the World Trade Center.

We can now add the coronavirus to the list of events that have changed our outlooks, inexorably altered the path of our country and forced us to take stock in our own lives.

"I'm shaking," said Frank Foster, ashe held court Thursday at the big round table in the middle of Franco's Restaurant, which he opened13 years ago. He admitted feeling helpless if the pandemic spikes here as it did in Wuhan, China, and Milan.

"I wouldn't know what to do," the 78-year-oldsaid."I've never been through anything like this before."

There's a good reason he was shaking. A lot of us were.

That day Thursday was the most memorable awful day of a memorable awful week.The news was filled with dire warnings from our elected officials.

Frank Foster, right, the owner of Franco's, said he is "shaking" because of the coronavirus.(Photo: Joseph Gerth)

[Want to know all the Kentucky-related coronavirus news? Download our app.]

That day saw the Dow Jonesplummet2,353 points the worst drop since the stock market crash of 1987. It saw schools throughout the state begin to close as we try to protect our children from catching the virus and bringing it home to sicken us and theirgrandparents.

That horrible day saw more and more things like plays and concerts events where we gather to have fun and celebrate life put on hold.

Considered impossible just a couple of days earlier, the Kentucky High School Athletic Association called off the Sweet Sixteen basketball tournaments.

And perhaps in the most stunning move of all for us, it saw the NCAA cancel March Madness, do away with spring sports altogether, and it saw most major professional sports suspend or delay their seasons.

By Saturday, Kentucky had at least 16 positive tests for the coronavirus.

Gov. Andy Beshear has consistently warned us that there will be more.

While we haven'thad any of the deaths here like in Washington and California and a few other states, it'shard to imagine the coronavirus hasn't stolen from each of us something we love whether it's learning or sports or our ability to retire. Or if it's just our peace of mind.

Mark Rucker, a 50-year-old real estate lawyer in Lexington, is worried.

About 80%of the people who get COVID-19 have mild or no symptoms, according to the World Health Organization. But older adults and people with serious chronic medical conditions including heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes and lung disease are at higher risk, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Kentucky coronavirus live updates: Get the latest information here

He's in the 20% none of us wants to be in.

Rucker has kidney disease andrheumatoid arthritis, which requires him to take a steroid that suppresses his immune system.

On Monday, the news came that the first positive test for the coronavirus had been reported in Lexington. This had him especially on edge.

So on Tuesday morning, he got up and went to his kidney doctor for a previously scheduled appointment.

"I wore an N95-rated mask to my appointment for the first time ever," he said. "I did feel slightly awkward but again, being around other immune-compromised individuals just really made me think 'better safe than sorry.'"

It's scary for many people.

State officials are telling people to stay away from crowds. They're telling us to keep 6 feet between us and others. It's up to that distance that a cough or a sneeze will pose a risk to others. If you're over age 60 or in poor health, you're told not to get on a plane, and for gosh sakes, everyone stay away from cruise ships.

Employers are telling many of us not to go to the office where we can spread the disease. I'll be filing columnsfrom my recliner most days for the next few weeks; my wife will be on her computer across the room; and my daughter will probably be holed up in her bedroom.

Apple Stores have shut down. Others will likely follow.

Some people have gone overboard. Fear has caused them to hoard groceries and toilet paper.

Coronavirus tracker: How manycases are in Kentucky? Where are they?

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This will go on for weeks, if not months, as a vaccine isn't expected to be ready until later this year.

The dregs of society are trying to profiteer. One man in Tennessee had amassed 17,700 bottles of hand sanitizer and was selling them for many times their original value before Amazon and eBay stopped price gouging on their platforms, The New York Times reported.

Heshould choke on a bottle of Purell.

Hoarding begets hoarding. Others started buying up everything in groceries. Pasta. Bread. Rice. Toilet paper. Hand soap. Lysol Wipes. Even fresh fruit, which one would think would rot before hoarders eat it, was wiped out in grocery stores.

At Kroger on Friday, I looked around at the empty shelves and felt I knew what it was like to live in the old Soviet Union.

Delta Air Lines announced Friday that it was grounding 40% of its flights as people avoidcommercial carriers.

For someone like Mike Goetz, deciding whether to travel or to be in large crowds could be a life or death decision. He was diagnosed with leukemia about a year ago.

Because of the virus, Goetz and his wife have decided not to fly to Palm Springs, California, this month for a family vacation they had been planning.

My hematologist said, I dont want you on a plane right now. I dont think its prudent,'" Goetz said.

Now, the family is struggling about whether to cancel his daughters March 28 wedding in Nashville, Tennessee.

"Ive had quite a few older family members inform me in the last few days that they wouldnt be coming, he said. Ive never seen such a fluid situation and things changing so quickly in my life.

Read more: Louisville stores flooded by shoppers panicked over coronavirus

Steve Hankins, of Shepherdsville, isn't going to be traveling either.

He was in Saugus, Massachusetts, on business last weekend when he fell ill.

A cough. Shortness of breath. Fever.

He awoke in his hotel room last Sunday morning and drove his rental car to Massachusetts General Hospital and asked a security guard outside where he could find the emergency room.

"STAND RIGHT HERE!" was the order.

Within minutes, someone from the ER gave him a mask and escorted into an isolation room, where doctors began working to figure out what was going on. They determined he had chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and a bad case of the flu and admitted him to the hospital.

Back in Shepherdsville, his wife was frantic.

Also: As coronavirus fears spread, these small businesses stand to lose big

Why wasn't Hankins, who travels by commercial plane several times a month and passes through airports often,tested for the coronavirus?

The fact is, there just aren't enough tests to go around. People who should be tested aren't being tested.

Only about 150 people in Kentucky have been testedbecause the federal government was slow to react to the burgeoning crises. Because of that, hundreds, or even thousands, of people may be unwittingly spreading the virus in Kentucky.

The virus has interfered with even the simple things in life.

Churches have canceled services.

People are not allowed to visit family in nursing homes unless their loved ones are near death. The rules, necessary to keep the virus away from those most vulnerable to it, are certainly increasing the loneliness and isolation that is already a problem the elderly face.

Some restaurants are empty.

On Friday, Hooked on Frankfort, a fish restaurant within 1.8 miles of five Catholic churches, had only about 15 people eating there at 12:30 p.m. On a Friday. During Lent.

College and university closures were affecting high school students who were planning trips to campuses across the country.

Elise Williamson, a 17-year-old senior at duPont Manual High School,said she learned at about 11 a.m. Tuesday her visit to Yale next month wouldn't happen. She was scheduled to go to New Haven, Connecticut, to learn about financial assistance available to her and then to attend Bulldog Days a three-day orientation program for admitted students.

They were canceling because of the coronavirus, just because of how many students would be coming there, not just from across the country but from around the world, she said.

Williamson said shes disappointed because she thought the orientation programwould have eased her transition to college life, but she said shes in a better position than many students because she was able to visit campus last summer.

Elise Williamson is a senior at Manual High School. She'll be attending Yale University in the fall and had planned an upcoming visit to the school, but it was canceled due to coronavirus precautions.(Photo: Pat McDonogh, Courier Journal)

Dive deep: With coronavirus kits limited, Kentucky is testing only the sickest patients

Law schools at Harvard and University of California, Berkeley, havesaid they aren't sending students to a program at the Appalachian Research & Defense Fund, AppalReD, that helps poor people with their legal troubles and provides an important learning experience for the future lawyers.

On Saturday morning, students at Bellarmine University packed up their belongings and loaded them into cars ordered by the school to vacate the dormitories this weekend.

Wiley Carr III needed only three bags to move out of his dorm room at Bellarmine University: One had his laptop and other class materials. One had some personal hygiene products. The third carried his trumpet.

I understand the safety precautions, Carr,23,said. But this impacts so many students.

Wiley Carr III carried a few belongings after checking out of his dorm on the campus of Bellarmine University on Saturday.(Photo: Sam Upshaw Jr./Courier Journal)

Beshear, who's shown a steady hand warning of the dangers of the virus, has been careful to say at each press conference he's held that "we will get through this."

It's no doubt we will. But it will take its toll.

But we will be forever changed.

We'll think twice about shaking hands for a long time. We'll worry about the next new disease that comes along. And we'll worry if our government will be able to deal with it if it does.

But, as Beshear says, we will get through this.

Information for this column was also gathered by Jonathan Bullington.Joseph Gerthcan be reached at 502-582-4702 or by email atjgerth@courierjournal.com. Support strong local journalism by subscribing today:courier-journal.com/josephg.

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Gerth: Coronavirus outbreak will take its toll, but we'll get through it as we always have - Courier Journal

An initial triple steroid/intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)/steroid-sparing immunosuppressant (SSI) induction strategy was effective for the treatment of statin-induced anti-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (anti-HMGCR) myopathy, according to study results published in Arthritis Research & Therapy. In addition, early treatment initiation was associated with greater odds of successful maintenance with SSI monotherapy.

Investigators abstracted data from the Phenotype, Serology, and Successful Monotherapy Maintenance in Autoimmune Myositis (PHESMO) study, a retrospective study of patients with autoimmune myositis who received care at 2 participating hospitals in Quebec, Canada. Patients were followed up longitudinally between 2001 and 2018. The current analysis used data from patients with statin-induced anti-HMGCR myopathy, defined as having a positive anti-HMGCR autoantibody test, elevated serum creatine kinase levels, and proximal skeletal muscle weakness. Demographic and clinical data were extracted through medical record review, and therapeutic strategies used to combat anti-HMGCR myopathy were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of maintenance with SSI monotherapy. Sensitivity analyses adjusted for age, sex, strength, creatine kinase levels, dysphagia, and corticosteroid use.

Data from 55 patients with anti-HMGCR myopathy were used for the study. Median age at diagnosis was 67.7 years; 95% of patients were white; and 72% had diabetes mellitus. The most commonly prescribed statin was atorvastatin (84%). Statin therapy was discontinued in all patients. At initiation of anti-HMGCR myopathy treatment, 46 patients (84%) presented with proximal weakness, 48 (87%) had biopsy evidence of necrotizing myopathy, and all patients were positive for anti-HMGCR autoantibodies. Median creatine kinase elevation was 5000 U/L (range, 554-23,000 U/L).

Overall, 14 patients (25%) achieved remission with a corticosteroid-free induction strategy. The remaining 41 patients were treated with corticosteroids, either through dual steroid/SSI induction (n=19) or triple steroid/IVIG/SSI induction (n=22). A total of 4 patients failed the initial triple steroid/IVIG/SSI induction strategy, with all 41 patients achieving remission eventually. A corticosteroid-free SSI monotherapy maintenance strategy was successful in 73% of patients initially treated with corticosteroids.

Greater treatment delay predicted lower odds of successful maintenance with SSI monotherapy (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97; P =.015). In patients with successful SSI monotherapy maintenance (n=23) vs those without (n=18), mean treatment delays were 1.7 months and 12.7 months, respectively (P =.048).

In addition, a significant percentage of patients presented with normal strength (n=22; 40%), suggesting that anti-HMGCR myopathy has diverse clinical presentations.

While corticosteroid-free induction was a safe option for select patients, initial induction with triple steroid/IVIG/SSI was highly efficacious in the treatment of anti-HMGCR myopathy. Success with SSI monotherapy appeared to favor early intervention. [A]voiding delays in treatment, most notably in patients with normal strength, may reset the natural history of anti-HMGCR myopathy from a refractory entity to a treatable disease, the investigators wrote.

Reference

Meyer A, Troyanov Y, Drouin J, et al. Statin-induced anti-HMGCR myopathy: successful therapeutic strategies for corticosteroid-free remission in 55 patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22(1):5.

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Examining Treatment Options for Statin-Induced Anti-HMGCR Myopathy - Rheumatology Advisor

Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Industry 2020 Global Market Outlook To 2026

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Pune, India -- (SBWIRE) -- 03/18/2020 -- Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market Trends report provides detailed analysis and competitive analysis by region and other main information like a manufacturing process, raw material, and equipment suppliers, various manufacturing associated costs, historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data, the actual process. Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics report offers a detailed analysis of the industry, with market size forecasts covering the next four years. The Report contains complete coverage, intensive analysis, and actionable market insights to spot opportunities in existing and potential markets.

Market Analysis and Insights: Global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market. The global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics market, growing at a CAGR. Global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Drivers and Restrains The research report has incorporated the analysis of different factors that augment the market's growth. It constitutes trends, restraints, and drivers that transform the market in either a positive or negative manner. This section also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can potentially influence the market in the future. The detailed information is based on current trends and historic milestones.

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This section also provides an analysis of the volume of production about the global market and also about each type from 2015 to 2026. This section mentions the volume of production by region from 2015 to 2026. Pricing analysis is included in the report according to each type from the year 2015 to 2026, manufacturer from 2015 to 2020, region from 2015 to 2020, and global price from 2015 to 2026.A thorough evaluation of the restrains included in the report portrays the contrast to drivers and gives room for strategic planning. Factors that overshadow the market growth are pivotal as they can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the lucrative opportunities that are present in the ever-growing market. Additionally, insights into market expert's opinions have been taken to understand the market better.

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The report also focuses on global major leading industry players of Global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics market providing information such as company profiles, product picture, and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. This report focuses on Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics volume and value at a global level, regional level, and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents the overall Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics market size by analyzing historical data and future prospects.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market 2020 Size, Growth Forecast to 2026 - Press Release - Digital Journal

The Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market research focuses on the market structure and various factors (positive and negative) affecting the growth of the market. The study encloses a precise evaluation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market, including growth rate, current scenario, and volume inflation prospects, on the basis of DROT and Porters Five Forces analyses. In addition, the Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market study provides reliable and authentic projections regarding the technical jargon.

Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment Market Research, in its recent market report, suggests that the Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market report is set to exceed US$ xx Mn/Bn by 2029. The report finds that the Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market registered ~US$ xx Mn/Bn in 2018 and is spectated to grow at a healthy CAGR over the foreseeable period. This Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market study considers 2018 as the base year, 2019 as the estimated year, and 2019 2029 as the forecast timeframe.

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The key players covered in this studyEli LillyRocheMerckNovartisAbbvieAmgenBristol Myers SquibbCelgene CorporationJanssenValeant Pharmaceuticals

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoKitsReagentsInstruments

Market segment by Application, split intoHospitalsClinicsAmbulatory Surgery CentersDiagnostic Laboratories

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversUnited StatesEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

The study objectives of this report are:To analyze global Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.To present the Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment development in United States, Europe and China.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.To define, describe and forecast the market by product type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment are as follows:History Year: 2014-2018Base Year: 2018Estimated Year: 2019Forecast Year 2019 to 2025For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2018 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

All the players running in the global Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market are elaborated thoroughly in the Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market report on the basis of R&D developments, distribution channels, industrial penetration, manufacturing processes, and revenue. In addition, the report examines, legal policies, and comparative analysis between the leading and emerging Psoriatic Arthritis Treatment market players.

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A report on global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics market by PMR

The global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics market report scrutinizes the market behavior and the manner in which the market has been performing and responding to various situations. Starting with some basic definitions associated with Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics , the report progresses to various analyses (DROT and Porters Five Forces) for evaluating the positive and negative factors impacting market growth.

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Worldwide Analysis on Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market Strategies and Forecasts, 2019 to 2025 - Daily Science

The Global Aerospace Lubricants Market is expected to grow from USD 13,893.57 Million in 2018 to USD 18,035.57 Million by the end of 2025 at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.79%.

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Aerospace Lubricants Market Overall Analysis, Technology Growth, Strong Development by Major Eminent Key Players, Technology and Forecasts to...

GOLDEN, CO / ACCESSWIRE / March 18, 2020 / Vitro Diagnostics, Inc. (OTC PINK:VODG), dba Vitro Biopharma reports on its therapy for the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Recent umbilical cord stem cell therapies in China to fight the Coronavirus are producing encouraging safety and efficacy results.

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3053080/coronavirus-critically-ill-chinese-patient-saved-stem-cell

http://www.aginganddisease.org/article/0000/2152-5250/ad-0-0-216.shtml

Dr. Jim Musick, Ph.D., CEO said, "As the world struggles to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to consider stem cell therapy to reduce death rates. This is supported by clinical studies and clinical trials are underway to substantiate safety and efficacy. Vitro Biopharma is ideally suited to provide high quality stem cells to US patients, produced under strict quality control in a cGMP, ISO9001 & ISO13485 Certified environment. Our umbilical cord AlloRx Stem Cells and stem cell growth media MSC-Gro have been used in the treatment of hundreds of patients without adverse events and show efficacy in treatment of COPD, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.

Out of years of research, we developed our patent-pending and proprietary line of umbilical cord derived stem cells AlloRx Stem Cells now being used in offshore regenerative medicine clinical trials. Our stem cells are used in regenerative medicine clinical trials with our partner in the Cayman Islands http://www.DVCStem.com. We have a recently approved clinical trial using our AlloRx Stem Cells to treat musculoskeletal conditions at The Medical Pavilion of the Bahamas http://www.tmp-bahamas.com in Nassau.

Vitro Biopharma has a patent-pending, proprietary and scalable manufacturing platform to provide stem cell therapies to critically ill Coronavirus patients. Our stem cells have been shown to be safe in Phase I protocols as we also gain evidence of efficacy.

We are in contact with federal, state and local governments to inform them of our AlloRx Stem Cell therapy option for Coronavirus infections.. The pandemic deserves consideration of all therapeutic options and there is evidence that stem cell therapy reduces the death rate from Coronavirus COVID-19 infections. We believe that critically ill patients should have the right to try stem cell therapy in the United States."

Story continues

CONTACT:

Dr. James MusickChief Executive OfficerVitro Biopharma(303) 550-2778E-mail: jim@vitrobiopharma.com

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements herein regarding financial performance have not yet been reported to the SEC nor reviewed by the Company's auditors. Certain statements contained herein and subsequent statements made by and on behalf of the Company, whether oral or written may contain "forward-looking statements". Such forward looking statements are identified by words such as "intends," "anticipates," "believes," "expects" and "hopes" and include, without limitation, statements regarding the Company's plan of business operations, product research and development activities, potential contractual arrangements, receipt of working capital, anticipated revenues and related expenditures. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, among others, acceptability of the Company's products in the market place, general economic conditions, receipt of additional working capital, the overall state of the biotechnology industry and other factors set forth in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Most of these factors are outside the control of the Company. Investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise required by applicable securities statutes or regulations, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update publicly these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

SOURCE: Vitro Diagnostics, Inc.

View source version on accesswire.com: https://www.accesswire.com/581365/Stem-Cell-Therapy-for-the-Coronavirus-COVID-19-Pandemic

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Stem Cell Therapy for the Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic - Yahoo Finance

For their study, Terzic and colleagues analyzed the hearts of mice that received cardiopoietic stem cell therapy as well as those that did not. They used an algorithmic approach to map the proteins in the heart muscle, identifying 4,000 proteins. Ten percent of these were damaged during a heart attack.

The investigators found that the therapy either fully or partially reversed two-thirds of the changes caused by the event. And about 85% of cellular functional categories impacted by infarction responded positively to treatment, the authors wrote. They also noted that new blood vessels and heart tissue began to grow as a result of the intervention.

In the United States, someone has a heart attack every 40 seconds, according to the study, which kills this precious cardiac tissue and leads to a significantly weaker heart. Although cardiopoietic stem cells are still being investigated in advanced clinical trials in human patients, this most recent study is a big step in the right direction.

The current findings will enrich the base of knowledge pertinent to stem cell therapies and may have the potential to guide therapeutic regimens in the future," Terzic concluded.

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Stem cell therapy revives cardiac muscle damaged during heart attacks - Cardiovascular Business

Article In Brief

Mice with an open- and closed-traumatic brain injury were injected with immunomodulatory nanoparticles that reduced brain swelling and damage on MRI.

Investigators used a novel approach to prevent the swelling that can occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a mouse model: they injected nanoparticles that trick white blood cells into going after them instead of rushing to the injured brain and causing an inflammatory and immune response.

Mice with TBI that were given three injections of the immunomodulatory nanoparticles beginning two to three hours after injury showed less brain swelling and damage on MRI as compared with mice with TBI that did not get the nanoparticles; the treated mice also performed better on functional tests.

The immunomodulatory nanoparticle treatment, if further proven in preclinical trials and human trials, would not undo damage from the initial injury to the brain. But it could help prevent the body from setting off a cascade of immune and inflammatory cells in reaction to the injury, which in turn can cause brain swelling and even more damage to brain tissue.

We certainly haven't gone and magically prevented that initial damage, said Jack Kessler, MD, professor of neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the senior author of the paper. What we can do is prevent the secondary damage, which is substantial.

Predicting which TBI patients will develop edema of the brain isn't easy, so having a preventive treatment like the nanoparticles that could be administered upfront could be life-altering, Dr. Kessler said.

He said some patients with head injuries come into the hospital walking and talking, but then their brain swells, and they die.

According to background in the study, published January 10 online in Annals of Neurology, each year more than 2.5 million people in the US have a traumatic brain TBI and more than five million Americans live with at least one sequela of TBI.

After the primary injury, there is substantial secondary injury attributable to infiltrating immune cells, cytokine release, reactive oxygen species, excitotoxicity, and other mechanisms, the study authors wrote. Despite many preclinical and clinical trials to limit such secondary damage, no successful therapies have emerged.

The nanoparticles tested in the mouse experiments are made of material used in biodegradable sutures. The paper specifically described the particles as highly negatively charged, 500 nm-diameter particles composed of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biodegradable biopolymer carboxylated poly (lactic-co glycolic) acid.

The nanoparticles (IMPs), which seem like foreign invaders to the body's immune system, attract the attention of large white blood cells known as monocytes, which have been implicated in the secondary damage that occurs with TBI.

IMPs bind to the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) on monocytes and monocytes bound to IMPs no longer home to sites of inflammation but rather are sequestered in the spleen, where the cells die, the study authors wrote.

The mouse study involved two types of head injury. In some of the mice, the researchers performed a craniotomy to create a controlled cortical impact. Other mice received a closed head injury involving a direct blow to the head. Both types of injuries were meant to mimic what occurs in humans with TBI.

Injections of the nanoparticles were given two to three hours after the brain injury, and again at 24 hours and 48 hours post-injury. Control animals with similar brain injuries were given saline solution at the same time points.

Outcomes for the mice who received the nanoparticles were better by multiple measures, including MRI and a motor function test called the ladder rung walking test that is used in mouse experiments.

IMP administration resulted in remarkable preservation of both tissue and neurological function, in both models of head injury, the paper said. After acute treatment, there was a reduction in the number of immune cells infiltrating into the brain, mitigation of the inflammatory status of the infiltrating cells, improved electrophysiological visual function, improved long-term motor behavior, reduced edema formation as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and reduced lesion volumes on anatomic examination.

Dr. Kessler said that in the case of mice with an open head injury, the size of their brain lesion was 50 percent smaller in the treated animals compared with those that did not get the nanoparticles.

He said MRI showed significantly less brain swelling and less compression of the ventricles, both signs that secondary damage was minimized.

Dr. Kessler said that right now the only recourse for severe brain swelling is to do a craniotomy to relieve pressure in the skull.

He said one of the appeals of the nanoparticle treatment is that an emergency medical technician could do it in the field or the emergency room personnel could inject it.

But Dr. Kessler is also cautious about too many predications based on a pre-clinical study, saying he is fond of telling medical students that if I had a nickel for every mouse we cured, I'd be a rich man.

Sripadh Sharma, PhD, an MD-PhD student at Northwestern and the study's first author, said the nanoparticle therapy needs to be tested further in animal models before it could go into human testing. The researchers also want to learn more about how the nanoparticles bring about a reduced immune response in the body.

Dr. Sharma noted that while immune responses are a good thing in the face of injury or infection, sometimes nature doesn't always get it right, so too much of a good thing is a bad thing. And that can be the case with TBI.

He said it has been shown by another collaborator on the study, Stephen Miller, PhD, that when the scavenger receptors on the monocytes detect the light negative charge of the nanoparticles, the monocytes engulf and bind to the particles and apoptose in the spleen instead of going to the site of injury.

More studies need to be done to optimize what dose and what time these particles need to be given following a head injury, said Dr. Sharma.

Similar nanoparticle therapy is being tested for other medical conditions, including celiac disease and myocardial infarction, Dr. Kessler said.

Michael J. Schneck, MD, FAAN, professor of neurology (and neurosurgery) at Loyola University Chicago, said the study was well-designed and thorough, using two different head injury models and multiple outcome measures, including brain imaging, functional testing, and brain tissue analysis. Dr. Schneck said the paper made him wonder whether a similar approach using immune-modulating nanoparticles could reduce inflammatory-related damage following stroke and spinal cord injury.

Dr. Schneck said the concept of trying to dampen the immune response after TBI to prevent edema is not new, but the Northwestern researchers took the idea in a new direction. The nanoparticle therapy is particularly intriguing, he said, because it is fairly simple and involves the use of a material that is already approved by the US FDA, which could mean that it would take less time to move the therapy from the laboratory into clinical trials.

This is a very elegant study with interesting translational potential, he said. But it is a mouse model and its application to (human) TBI and other forms of central nervous system injury remains to be validated.

Jiangbing Zhou, PhD, associate professor of neurosurgery and biomedical engineering at Yale University, said that as someone who does research in the field of nanomedicine, he was surprised by the study's findings and wants to understand how this simple formulation particle could achieve this marked efficacy.

The study looks very exciting, but I want to know more about the mechanism, said Dr. Zhou, whose research focuses on developing translational nanomedicine, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy for neurological disorders including TBI.

He had these and other questions about the study: Why do the particles interact specifically with the inflammatory monocytes but not the others? How do the particles, which are made of safe biomaterials, efficiently kill the inflammatory monocytes in the spleen? What is happening and why?

Javier Crdenas, MD, director of the Barrow Concussion and Brain Injury Center at the Barrow Neurological Institute, said the study on the immune-modulating nanoparticle therapy for TBI was very promising, though he stressed that he is always cautiously optimistic when he sees a mouse study.

It is definitely a novel approach to addressing the secondary sequelae of brain injury and they might have something that minimizes that and hopefully improves outcomes, Dr. Crdenas said.

He said the study also raises some questions, including how the immune-modulating approach would fare in patients who have multiple injuries, not just to the head.

Dr. Crdenas said brain injuries often do not happen in isolation, with patients also having broken bones, lacerations, and other organ damage.

We don't know how this (nanoparticle treatment) would affect other organs, other immune responses elsewhere in the body, he said.

Dr. Crdenas said the field of TBI research has been disappointed before by studies of new therapies that looked promising in animal models and clinical testing but ultimately failed. He noted, for instance, that progesterone and hypothermia did not turn out to be good at preventing brain swelling.

We will wait and see, he said of the nanoparticles.

Drs. Sharma, Schneck, Zhou, and Crdenas had no disclosures.

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Nanoparticle Therapy Might Help Reduce Brain Swelling in... : Neurology Today - LWW Journals

Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Segmentation

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Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Future Opportunities, Production/Demand Analysis & Outlook 2029 - Packaging News 24

Genetic engineering is the process of using technology to change the genetic makeup of an organism - be it an animal, plant or a bacterium.

This can be achieved by using recombinant DNA (rDNA), or DNA that has been isolated from two or more different organisms and then incorporated into a single molecule, according to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI).

Recombinant DNA technology was first developed in the early 1970s, and the first genetic engineering company, Genentech, was founded in 1976. The company isolated the genes for human insulin into E. coli bacteria, which allowed the bacteria to produce human insulin.

After approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Genentech produced the first recombinant DNA drug, human insulin, in 1982. The first genetically engineered vaccine for humans was approved by the FDA in 1987 and was for hepatitis B.

Since the 1980s, genetic engineering has been used to produce everything from a more environmentally friendly lithium-ion battery to infection-resistant crops such as the HoneySweet Plum. These organisms made by genetic engineering, called genetically modified organisms (GMOs), can be bred to be less susceptible to diseases or to withstand specific environmental conditions.

But critics say that genetic engineering is dangerous. In 1997, a photo of a mouse with what looked like a human ear growing out of its back sparked a backlash against using genetic engineering. But the mouse was not the result of genetic engineering, and the ear did not contain any human cells. It was created by implanting a mold made of biodegradable mesh in the shape of a 3-year-old's ear under the mouse's skin, according to the National Science Foundation, in order to demonstrate one way to produce cartilage tissue in a lab.

While genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of one or more genes, DNA can also be controlled through selective breeding. Precision breeding, for example, is an organic farming technique that includes monitoring the reproduction of species members so that the resulting offspring have desirable traits.

A recent example of the use of precision breeding is the creation of a new type of rice. To address the issue of flooding wiping out rice crops in China, Pamela Ronald, a professor of plant pathology at the University of California-Davis, developed a more flood-tolerant strain of rice seed.

Using a wild species of rice that is native to Mali, Ronald identified a gene, called Sub1, and introduced it into normal rice varieties using precision breeding creating rice that can withstand being submerged in water for 17 days, rather than the usual three.

Calling the new, hardier rice the Xa21 strain, researchers hope to have it join the ranks of other GMOs currently being commercially grown worldwide, including herbicide-tolerant or insect-resistant soy, cotton and corn, within the next year, Ronald said. For farmers in China, the world's top producer and consumer of rice, being able to harvest enough of the crop to support their families is literally a matter of life and death.

Because Ronald used precision breeding rather than genetic engineering, the rice will hopefully meet with acceptance among critics of genetic engineering, Ronald said.

"The farmers experienced three to five fold increases in yield due to flood tolerance," Ronald said at a World Science Festival presentation in New York. "This rice demonstrates how genetics can be used to improve the lives of impoverished people."

Got a question? Email it to Life's Little Mysteries and we'll try to answer it. Due to the volume of questions, we unfortunately can't reply individually, but we will publish answers to the most intriguing questions, so check back soon.

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What's Genetic Engineering? | Live Science

GMOs: Not as scary as you may think.

Glow-in-the-dark mice, silk-producing goats, venomous cabbage -- these are all wacky and downright unsettling examples of what can happen when scientists tinker with DNA. They're also part of the reason that the public and scientific debates about genetically modified organisms -- known as GMOs -- persist.

Luckily, "Frankenfoods" like the venomous cabbage, aren't something you'll likely ever come into contact with. The GMOs that might be on your plate or in your snacks have been evaluated and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they're perfectly safe, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Read more: 18 health myths that are outdated and wrong

The first GMO food on the market was a tomato engineered to resist softening. It was called the Flavr Savr tomato.

GMO foods have been genetically engineered to alter the DNA of the food source for some specific purpose -- a good example is the famed Flavr Savr tomato, which was genetically engineered to inhibit a gene that produces the protein that makes tomatoes ripen and rot. Thus, the Flavr Savr tomato remained firm and bright red for longer than non-GMO tomatoes.

The Flavr Savr tomato was introduced in 1994 as the first GMO crop brought to market for consumers, and it sparked the GMO debate that's been raging ever since. It was later taken off the market when genetic engineering giant Monsanto bought the company that made the Flavr Savr.

Usually, scientists and food technologists make GMOs by separating a piece of DNA from one organism (such as a bacterium or another plant or animal) and inserting it into the DNA of another organism. The point is to take traits from organism A and make organism B show the same traits.

According to the WHO, GMOs are "derived from organisms whose genetic material has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally," which makes it different from other agricultural practices, such as selectively breeding cows to get the highest-quality beef.

Golden rice (right) is a genetically modified rice meant to cure vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.

GMOs came about for the same reason that most agricultural and food innovations come about: There's some perceived benefit, either for the producer or the consumer. Most GM crops are produced for one of these reasons:

The famed Impossible Burger uses genetically modified soy to make its crucial ingredient, heme.

Let's put it this way: Overall, not many different types of foods are genetically modified. But of those foods that are, the GM percentage is high.

For example, about 90% of corn, canola, soy and cotton grown in the US is genetically modified. Other GM crops in the US include alfalfa, canola, cotton, papaya, potatoes, eggplant, squash and sugar beets.

A few other GM crops have been approved by the FDA, such as the Arctic Apple, which resists browning, and the Innate Potato, which also resists rotting.

While it's unlikely that the produce you're buying on a regular basis is genetically modified, it's hard to find any processed foods without a single GM ingredient, because corn, canola and soy are so widely used in processed products, like cookies, juice, granola bars, cereal and frozen meals.

Only one GM animal has been approved by the FDA for human consumption: the AquAdvantage salmon, which grows faster than a non-GMO farmed salmon. Scientists at AquaBounty, the company that produced the fast-growing salmon, did so by inserting a growth hormone gene from a Chinook salmon into an Atlantic salmon.

There is currently no scientifically sound evidence that GMOs cause cancer or other health problems.

The scientific consensus to date is that GMOs do not pose health risks to humans. GMOs have been heavily studied and new GM crops must go through an evaluation and approval process through the FDA. If the FDA doesn't determine they're safe, they won't go to market.

The WHO says that because all GM crops are different, there shouldn't be a blanket statement about whether all GM foods are safe or not -- but the organization follows with "GM foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health. In addition, no effects on human health have been shown as a result of the consumption of such foods by the general population in the countries where they have been approved."

The position of the American Dietetic Association is that "food biotechnology techniques can enhance the quality, safety, nutritional value and variety of food available for human consumption, and increase the efficiency of food production, food processing, food distribution, and environmental and waste management."

While there are some studies that have reported potential health risks, a 2017 review of "studies usually cited as evidence of adverse effects of GM food" found that most of those studies were invalid due to conflict of interest, flawed study design or poor implementation.

The new label required on GMO foods, which became effective in 2020.

Even though GMOs have been around for nearly 30 years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USDA) released the first set of rules for GMO labeling in December 2018.

By 2022, GM foods or foods made with GM ingredients must display the "bioengineered" emblem on the packaging. Implementation of the new labeling began on Jan. 1, 2020 for large food manufacturers and begins on Jan. 1, 2021 for small manufacturers. For both, the mandatory compliance date is Jan. 1, 2022.

However, the notice clarifies that "For refined foods that are derived from bioengineered crops, no disclosure is required if the food does not contain detectable modified genetic material."

So just like you'll start seeing (or have already seen) the new nutrition facts label this year, expect to see the new emblem soon. You can also still look for the Non-GMO Project label, a sign that the independent organization has evaluated that food for GM ingredients.

If you're really worried about eating GMOs, you can keep them out of your diet by eating organic food and avoiding foods with soybeans, canola oil, corn and sugar from sugar beets.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

Read the original:
GMOs: What they are, are they safe and which foods have them - CNET

NEW YORK, March 18, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --

The report on the global zinc finger nuclease technology market provides qualitative and quantitative analysis for the period from 2017 to 2025.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05874235/?utm_source=PRN

The report predicts the global zinc finger nuclease technology market to grow with a healthy CAGR over the forecast period from 2019-2025. The study on zinc finger nuclease technology market covers the analysis of the leading geographies such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and RoW for the period of 2017 to 2025.

The report on zinc finger nuclease technology market is a comprehensive study and presentation of drivers, restraints, opportunities, demand factors, market size, forecasts, and trends in the global zinc finger nuclease technology market over the period of 2017 to 2025. Moreover, the report is a collective presentation of primary and secondary research findings.

Porter's five forces model in the report provides insights into the competitive rivalry, supplier and buyer positions in the market and opportunities for the new entrants in the global zinc finger nuclease technology market over the period of 2017 to 2025. Further, IGR- Growth Matrix gave in the report brings an insight into the investment areas that existing or new market players can consider.

Report Findings1) Drivers Rising use of gene therapy and genome therapy Benefits offered by zinc finger nuclease technology such as permanent and heritable mutation and efficient creation of animal models2) Restraints Complexities associated with zinc finger nuclease technology3) Opportunities Application of zinc finger nuclease technology in drug discovery

Research Methodology

A) Primary ResearchOur primary research involves extensive interviews and analysis of the opinions provided by the primary respondents. The primary research starts with identifying and approaching the primary respondents, the primary respondents are approached include1. Key Opinion Leaders associated with Infinium Global Research2. Internal and External subject matter experts3. Professionals and participants from the industry

Our primary research respondents typically include1. Executives working with leading companies in the market under review2. Product/brand/marketing managers3. CXO level executives4. Regional/zonal/ country managers5. Vice President level executives.

B) Secondary ResearchSecondary research involves extensive exploring through the secondary sources of information available in both the public domain and paid sources. At Infinium Global Research, each research study is based on over 500 hours of secondary research accompanied by primary research. The information obtained through the secondary sources is validated through the crosscheck on various data sources.

The secondary sources of the data typically include1. Company reports and publications2. Government/institutional publications3. Trade and associations journals4. Databases such as WTO, OECD, World Bank, and among others.5. Websites and publications by research agencies

Segment CoveredThe global zinc finger nuclease technology market is segmented on the basis of type, and application.

The Global Zinc Finger Nuclease Technology Market by Type Cell Line Engineering Animal Genetic Engineering Plant Genetic Engineering Other

The Global Zinc Finger Nuclease Technology Market by Application Biotechnology Companies Pharmaceutical Companies Hospital Laboratory and Diagnostic Laboratory Academic and Research Institutes

Company Profiles Sigma-Aldrich Corporation Thermo Fisher Scientific Sangamo Therapeutics inc. LabOmics S.A. Gilead Sciences, Inc. OriGene Technologies, Inc Others

What does this report deliver?1. Comprehensive analysis of the global as well as regional markets of the zinc finger nuclease technology market.2. Complete coverage of all the segments in the zinc finger nuclease technology market to analyze the trends, developments in the global market and forecast of market size up to 2025.3. Comprehensive analysis of the companies operating in the global zinc finger nuclease technology market. The company profile includes analysis of product portfolio, revenue, SWOT analysis and latest developments of the company.4. IGR- Growth Matrix presents an analysis of the product segments and geographies that market players should focus to invest, consolidate, expand and/or diversify.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05874235/?utm_source=PRN

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Global zinc finger nuclease technology market is expected to grow with a healthy CAGR over the forecast period from 2019-2025 - PRNewswire