StemCell Therapy

Robb Fraley. Credit: Robert Holly/Big-AgWatch.org

On the five-year anniversary of the Talking Biotech podcast, host and plant geneticist Kevin Folta sits down with former Monsanto chief technology officer Robb Fraley. After growing up on a small farm in Illinois, Fraley earned degrees in microbiology and biotechemistry and played a pivitol role in the development of the first genetically modified crops in the early 1980s.

He recalls the race to transform plants and his work as a leader at Monsanto. While the company did important work to advance crop biotechnology, Fraley says, Monsanto made little effort to explain genetic engineering to food companies, the media and consumers and was thus unprepared for the backlash against GMOs in the 1990s.

It wasnt until many years later that the biotech firm made a concerted effort to join the public discussion about crop biotech. Fraley says this experience transformed his thinking about science communication and his vision for how to talk about the future of food and farming.

Robb Fraley is the former Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Monsanto Company. He holds a PhD in microbiology and biochemistry from the University of Illinois. Follow him on Twitter @RobbFraley

Kevin M. Folta is a professor in the Horticultural Sciences Department at the University of Florida. Follow Professor Folta on Twitter @kevinfolta

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Podcast: Where did GMOs come from? Former Monsanto scientist Robb Fraley recounts the advent of biotech crops - Genetic Literacy Project

In the School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering at the University of Georgia (UGA), biochemical engineering research is driven by innovators in their own right.

Among them is Dr Yajun Yan, a professor who received UGAs 2020 Award for Excellence in Research.

Dr Yan leads research in the microbial production of biofuels and high-value chemicals. In 2018, he was part of the team that developed a new genetic smart circuit to rewire microorganism metabolism, essentially turning them into miniature machines for specific tasks.

Cells are not happy when they are regulated; they will produce only whats necessary for their growth. Our method tells the cell to switch from growth mode to production mode, Dr Yan explained.

Such breakthroughs at UGA consistently lead to the development of new technologies in energy, environment and health. His innovations have received six issued US patents so far.

Thats how Dr Yan came to be named 2018 Academic Entrepreneur of the Year, which recognised his entrepreneurial spirit in advancing scientific impact through start-ups BiotecEra Inc. and HGG Research LLC.

He started BiotecEra Inc. with his colleague Yuheng Lin, to create eco-friendly microbial technologies for pharmaceutical and chemical industries. This includes developing 5-hydroxytryptophan products to address depression, insomnia, and anxiety in humans as well as milk fever in dairy cows.

Source: University of Georgia School of Chemical Materials and Biomedical Engineering

Suffice to say, Dr Yans research and teaching benefit greatly from each other.

My research helps me integrate the emerging concepts and technologies into my teaching materials and inform students of the most recent progress in our field. The interactions with students during my teaching also inspire me to get new ideas and approaches to address many research problems, he shared.

Connecting biochemical engineering niche to network

At its most creative, a scientific mind is a Petri dish for ingenuity. Biochemical engineering students at UGA are aware of their potential to contribute to real-world change, which they go on to cultivate in focused research labs in the School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering.

Here, expert faculty members engage PhD and Masters students in research that advances technologies, disciplinary understanding, and the world itself.

This is the importance of leaders like Dr Mark Eiteman from the Comprehensive Molecular Bioengineering Lab. He holds UGAs 2014 Inventors Award, having created several technologies to industrially produce commodity and chemicals using microorganisms.

These include amino acids used in animal feed and nutritional supplements as well as a group of organic acids used in the production of polymers, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. His inventions have been licensed to four multinational companies, where they are manufactured and distributed for industrial benefit.

On top of that, Dr Eiteman is a named inventor in five US patents and many more abroad.

A firm believer that engineering problems dont have easy answers, Dr Eiteman encourages his students to truly understand the various approaches to solving technical problems.

He believes students bring great diversity to instruction and research. In his words, I have had some students ask me questions or come up with ideas that I never would have thought of, but that often leads to new insights and innovation.

Realise your potential with postgraduate courses

Engineering solutions for the future means optimising renewable sources, and what better energy source to tap into than the sun?

Acknowledging clean energy as the need of the century, Dr Ramaraja Ramasamy, professor and Associate Dean in the UGA College of Engineering, has been working on harvesting electricity directly from plants since 2013.

Source: Shutterstock

For every photon of sunlight a plant captures, it produces an equal number of electrons. This allows them to convert electricity more efficiently than solar panels.

How does this process work?

We have developed a way to interrupt photosynthesis so that we can capture the electrons before the plant uses them to make these sugars, said Dr Ramasamy.

His technology involves separating out thylakoids which capture and store energy from sunlight from plant cells. Then, researchers can manipulate the protein to redirect these electrons through carbon nanotubes.

Dr Ramasamy and his collaborators are working to scale the invention into commercialisation based on this early framework.

In the near term, this technology might best be used for remote sensors or other portable electronic equipment that requires less power to run, he said.

If we are able to leverage technologies like genetic engineering to enhance the stability of the plant photosynthetic machinery, Im hopeful that this technology will be competitive to traditional solar panels in the future.

To join the pursuit for innovation at UGAs School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, take on the MS Biochemical Engineering or PhD in Engineering Biochemical Engineering Emphasis. Students with a background in chemical, environmental, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, biomolecular, or bioprocess engineering are welcome to enrol.

A robust scientific community awaits, ready to tackle persisting challenges with novel solutions and the next big idea could just come from you.

Follow the University of Georgia on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn

Cutting-edge research at the frontier of science and engineering

How biomedical engineering research creates transformative real-world impact

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Behind the scenes of exciting biochemical engineering innovation in the US - Study International News

Genetically Modified Crops Market report provide the COVID19 Outbreak Impact analysis of key factors influencing the growth of the market Size (Production, Value and Consumption). This Genetically Modified Crops industry splits the breakdown (data status 2014-2020 and Six years forecast 2020-2026), by manufacturers, region, type and application. This study also analyses the Genetically Modified Crops market Status, Market Share, Growth Rate, Future Trends, Market Drivers, Opportunities and Challenges, Risks and Entry Barriers, Sales Channels, Distributors and Porters Five Forces Analysis.

Genetically Modified Crops Market competitive landscapes provides details by topmost manufactures like (Monsanto, Dupont Pioneer, Syngenta, Dow, Bayer, Long Ping High-Tech, Shandong Denghai Seeds), including Capacity, Production, Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross, Gross Margin, Growth Rate, Import, Export, Market Share and Technological Developments

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Genetically Modified Crops Market Competition by Manufacturers (2020 2026): Genetically Modified Crops Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers, Genetically Modified Crops Market by Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers, Revenue and Share by Manufacturers, Average Price by Manufacturers By Market, Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type, Market Competitive Situation and Trends, Market Concentration Rate.

Scope of Genetically Modified Crops Market:Genetically modified crops (GM crops or biotech crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests, diseases, environmental conditions, reduction of spoilage, resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide), or improving the nutrient profile of the crop. Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods, as well as for bioremediation.

Global Genetically Modified Crops market size will increase to xx Million US$ by 2025, from xx Million US$ in 2018, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. In this study, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Genetically Modified Crops.

On the basis of product type, this report displays the shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate of each type.

Corn Soybean Sorghum Cotton Other

On the basis on the end users/applications,this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, shipments, revenue (Million USD), price, and market share and growth rate foreach application.

Scientific Research Agriculture Crops

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Genetically Modified Crops Market: Regional analysis includes:

The Study Objectives Of This Genetically Modified Crops Market Report Are:

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Genetically Modified Crops Market Earnings Margins, Value Of Production & Consumption Demand Figures 2020-2026 - 3rd Watch News

The Genome Editing/Genome Engineering market report focuses on the economic developments and consumer spending trends across different countries for the forecast period 2020 to 2027. The research further reveals which countries and regions will have a better standing in the years to come. Apart from this, the study talks about the growth rate, market share as well as the recent developments in the Genome Editing/Genome Engineering industry worldwide. Besides, the special mention of major market players adds importance to the overall Genome Editing/Genome Engineering market study.

This is the most recent report inclusive of the COVID-19 effects on the functioning of the market. It is well known that some changes, for the worse, were administered by the pandemic on all industries. The current scenario of the business sector and pandemics impact on the past and future of the industry are covered in this report.

The major manufacturers covered in this report:

Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck KGaA, Horizon Discovery, Genscript USA, Sangamo Biosciences, Integrated DNA Technologies, Origene Technologies, Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Lonza Group, New England Biolabs

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Knowing the trends influencing the industry performance

Stakeholders, marketing executives and business owners planning to refer a market research report can use this study to design their offerings and understand how competitors attract their potential customers and manage their supply and distribution channels. When tracking the trends researchers have made a conscious effort to analyze and interpret the consumer behaviour. Besides, the research helps product owners to understand the changes in culture, target market as well as brands so they can draw the attention of the potential customers more effectively.

On the basis of Type Outlook, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into:

CRISPRTALENZFNAntisenseOther Technology

On the basis of Application Outlook, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into:

Cell Line EngineeringAnimal Genetic EngineeringPlant Genetic EngineeringOther

#Genome Editing/Genome Engineering Market Report to grow your business needs and avail !!! Limited Time DISCOUNT Available!!! Get Your Copy at Discounted [emailprotected] https://www.marketographics.com/discount-enquiry-form/4298

Some niche products and services believed to be revenue generators are also included in the report. Apart from this, a wide range of products from various segments and sub-segments expected to present greater opportunities in the Genome Editing/Genome Engineering industry are discussed in the document. Development of new products and substitutes that will completely transform the market dynamics over the forecast period occupies a special section in the report.

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers:

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)

The investigative approach applied for the extensive analysis of the sale, gross margin and profit generated by the industry are presented through resources including tables, charts, and graphic images. Importantly, these resources can be easily integrated or used for preparing business or corporate presentations.

Here are the questions we answer

Browse complete Genome Editing/Genome Engineering report description And Full TOC @ https://www.marketographics.com/industry-reports/genome-editing-genome-engineering-market

To summarize, the global Genome Editing/Genome Engineering market report studies the contemporary market to forecast the growth prospects, challenges, opportunities, risks, threats, and the trends observed in the market that can either propel or curtail the growth rate of the industry. The market factors impacting the global sector also include provincial trade policies, international trade disputes, entry barriers, and other regulatory restrictions.

About Us:With reports from over 500 prominent publishers as well as daily updates on our collection, intended to empower companies and individuals catch-up with vital insights on industries operating across different geographies, along with the trends, share, size and growth rate of market verticals and numerous other services, we have our fingers dipped in just about everything market research-related. Besides meticulously curated research reports, our clients can also access our specialized services without any additional charges to gain vital market insights.

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Know about Impact of Covid-19 on Genome Editing/Genome Engineering Market Influencing Factors by Top Companies like Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck...

Trees are easier to cut than genes. But with both, in theory, a pandemic can be unleashed. Deforesting and destroying ecosystems We make it easier for animal pathogens to jump on humans. But it is also true that we can know in great detail the source code in which the entrails of new viruses are written. Your genes. And manipulate them.

In Lluis Montolius laboratory, at the CNB-CSIC, they have been tracking the revolutionary CRISPR genetic editing technique for years. A system that allows cut and paste pieces of the genome of a living being with enormous precision, and whose discovery we owe to the Spanish Francis Mojica.

They are now developing this tool to see if it can be useful in destroying the RNA strands of coronaviruses and, therefore, prevent SARS-CoV-2 from replicating in the body. It would be the first time that such a drug is developed. Basically using the smallest scissors in the universe.

Lets start with one of the most common applications of CRISPR: making custom animals and plants. It has been done for about four years relatively regularly in research laboratories.

Mouse | Pests Mice Rats (CC-BY)

Despite the fact that the technique became world famous for the daring of Dr. He Jiankui, in 2018, to manufacture three children edited using this technique something completely illegal CRISPR is useful to make animal models.

The mouse is the classic animal model with which to experiment from antiviral drugs to vaccines. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, Mice are not infectious because they lack the ACE2 receptor that allows the virus to enter cells.

CRISPR is the technique by which, illegally, three Chinese babies were genetically edited to avoid developing AIDS. But it is common in other everyday laboratory uses.

So there are already several laboratories that are developing humanized mice with CRISPR. Human genes or parts thereof are cut and pasted into the genome of a future rodent, almost before it is an embryo.

The mouse that is born will already be able to have those receptors typical of humans (and some other animals) so that, at that level, they look a bit more similar. The next step is to no longer infect the mice. But cure them.

The coronavirus genome is RNA, explains Montoliu. If we have a CAS protein that we can program to cut RNA, why dont we target it to cut the coronavirus genome? And we are directly attacking the heart, the genetic material of that coronavirus, explains the researcher.

The CNB-CSIC researcher Lluis Montoliu | M. Vicious

When he talks about CAS protein, he means those tiny molecular scissors. There are different types. There are real motorized clippers, called CAS9, that can cut the double strand of DNA. So they are as promising as they are disputed: they work on humans.

For an RNA virus (the chain is simple) a manual scissor pruner is enough, to continue with the metaphor. This is where CAS13a or CAS13d enter. They work (thanks to some guides) no matter what strain, variant, or mutant. Interesting, in case the coronavirus begins to change more than it seems, as it happens with the influenza virus.

The small drawback of these scissors (the CAS13a we have hardly known since 2016) is that once they cut the virus, they can be bundled to cut the rest of the cell. When Dr. Feng Zhang (BROAD / MIT), its inventor tested CAS13a for the first time, he saw that it was doing its job well but immediately freaked out and started cutting, unspecifically, the rest of the RNA in that test tube.

Fortunately, the protein has become more sophisticated so that, already with variant 13d, we have a very specific tool, because the cell has its own RNA and we do not have to touch those, they are useful for it to function.

It also wont enter the nucleus of the human cell (DNA) because CAS13d doesnt need it. That would be as risky as driving the chainsaw into the heart of a hedge. There is a risk of cutting it down.

CAS9, used to edit girls from a tomato, is like that chainsaw, hence the delicacy and prematureness of this technique for editing people. The mess of the cellular patchwork that can be mounted is important, until the gluing technique is fine-tuned, although it shows promise. That is, we are controlling the grafting technique, to continue with the garden comparison.

Regarding the coronavirus, this does not mean that we already have a ready-to-use medicine from these CRISPR scissors. First you will have to check if they work In zebrafish embryos, that we will try Seville, where we will deliver together with CAS13 a guide that tells you where you have to cut .

Then it will be tested in laboratory cells infected with other cousin viruses to avoid risks and we will get their cutting patterns. Hence, yes, in the SARS-CoV-2.

Sure we could start doing the experiment on mice, but its very important that lets go step by step Montoliu warns. At least, with the certainty that the method works in cells outside a living being

The project has received 75,000 euros of financing from donations from companies and individuals. When we have verified that it works in cells, we will test it in mice (also edited), after this year. If we see (this year) that we can degrade SARS-CoV-2 in crops it would already be a success.

In April, after theoretical proposals in this regard, researchers from Stanford and Duke universities developed a curative scissors of this type, experimentally viable in human lung cells. They named it PACMAN (Comecocos). Will it work outside the lab loft?

CAS scissors can cut viruses. And if they do, it is because they detect them, so it is possible to use them to do tests, in theory.

Although, to date, the most reliable method to detect the active virus in a person is RT-PCR, exist other genetic screening approaches which have not yet been shown to work, but which are promising. This is the case of this possible pocket PCR, in which Margarita Salas Luis Blancos patent partner works.

The CRISPR genetic cutter can also aid in the detection of coronaviruses. In classic PCR methods and that of Blancos team, the virus is evident because it literally shines in the laboratory. With CRISPR it is possible to shine each cut that scissors, CAS12 in this case, they hit the gene molecule.

There are several methods to experiment with, under the acronyms SHERLOCK and CARMEN. The interesting thing about these technologies is that, combined, they can perform hundreds of tests simultaneously. And not only for detecting SARS-CoV-2, but for 120 different viruses.

CARMEN Test Plate | Michel James, MIT

These are some of the applications of genetic engineering to destroy viruses or to immunize ourselves against them, since there are several biotechnological approaches in the race for the COVID-19 vaccine that involve the manipulation of genes (of the virus, in this case).

Cut. Paste. And create new viruses. Again, and in the sense of some conspiracy theories, We do have the methodology to (rather than destroy) make viruses, but we dont have the intellectual capacity , responds the head of the virology laboratory at Cambridge University Nerea Irigoyen.

There is methodology, not capacity, to create a laboratory virus, but SARS-CoV-2 is far from being the perfect pandemic virus.

He remembers comments on social networks in which he was told that viruses mutate in laboratories. Indeed, Ive been doing it for many years. But it is one thing to do it and quite another to make a perfect pandemic virus. This is not it. We could still do much better so that it could infect more cell types.

70% of human infectious diseases come from viruses, bacteria, or animal parasites. It has always happened. Flu, Ebola, SARS-1, MERS Why dont we accept the normal?, Concludes the scientist.

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Cut and paste: the true genetic engineering of the coronavirus - Explica

This piece is excerpted from a longer article alum T. Wyatt Reynolds, AB 17, wrote for Mere Orthodoxy.

An atheist, a Christian, and a Jew start talking about science and faith. This might seem like it is either the lead up to a joke or the beginning of a fight. Instead, it was the setting of a meeting convened by S. Joshua Swamidass, MD, associate professor of Pathology & Immunology in the School of Medicine and of Biomedical Engineering in the McKelvey School of Engineering. This meeting gathered scientists and theologians of nearly every stripe to discuss his new book, The Genealogical Adam and Eve (Intervarsity Press). Its argument: that there is no intrinsic contradiction between conventional evolutionary theory and belief in Adam and Eve as a couple specially created six thousand years ago.

The book offers an invitation to skeptics on all sides of the issue to consider either a world where evolution could be true, or a world where Adam and Eve could be real.

Most scientific research to date has focused on whether Adam and Eve could have passed on genetic material to everyone living; however, this doesnt seem to be the type of ancestry the Bible is concerned with. Instead, the Bible is quite concerned with genealogy; extended genealogies fill eleven chapters of Genesis. Who begat whom, and what is the history of their line? This is an entirely different question, and as it turns out, one that can be explored with population genetics. While all genetic ancestors are genealogical ancestors, the inverse is not necessarily true.

So, what does this mean for Adam and Eve? Well, in 2004, a computer simulation of life on Earth was created to test and see when the most recent common ancestor for all humans was. The researchers put higher barriers than historically existed to stack the odds against there being a common ancestor in the recent past. Despite this, the results, published in Nature, found common ancestors only two or three thousand years ago.

Most of these common ancestors are genetic ghosts, meaning that though they are your ancestor, you have inherited no DNA from them. This means that universal ancestors are both surprisingly recent and surprisingly hidden. Swamidass also includes engrossing theological, historical, and philosophical tidbits sprinkled in amidst the science. The book and author are truly making room for many voices at the table of discussion.

The cover art plays a critical role here as it marries DNA strands with a reflective gold foil reminiscent of Makoto Fujimuras paintings. The cover brings together art, theology, and science much as the book itself attempts to create a common ground between these diverse modes of seeing and making sense of the world.

Find more faculty and alumni books on Washington Universitys bookshelf.

Read the rest here:
What does science tell us about Adam and Eve? - Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

Analysis of the Global Balanced Salt Solutions Market

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The following manufacturers are covered:Thermo Fisher ScientificLonza GroupDickinsonEMD MilliporeBectonCorning Life SciencesWheatonPromoCellSigma-AldrichBiological

Segment by RegionsNorth AmericaEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndia

Segment by TypeBy product typeHanks Balanced Salt SolutionGeys Balanced Salt SolutionEarles Balanced Salt SolutionDulbeccos Phosphate Buffered SalineOtherBy end userResearch InstitutesPharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies

Segment by ApplicationBiopharmaceuticalstherapeuticsStem Cell TechnologyDrug Screening & DevelopmentGenetic EngineeringCancer ResearchOthers

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Coronavirus threat to global Balanced Salt Solutions Market boosting the growth Worldwide: Market dynamics and trends, efficiencies Forecast 2024 -...

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Veterinary Medicine Market Growing Prevalence of COVID-19 to Have Remarkable Impact on Advancement - GuruFocus.com

Never leave your pet in a hot vehicle and when at home, be sure to provide animals with plenty of shade and cool water. Photo provided.

By Darla SheldenCity Sentinel Reporter

OKLAHOMA CITY, OK As summer has arrived, pets and their owners are spending more time outside. Keeping your pets safe in the summer heat is of the utmost importance.

Although many animals like spending time outside, pet owners need to take precautions to ensure they stay safe in the summer heat, said Dr. Rosslyn Biggs, Oklahoma State University Extension veterinarian and director of continuing education for the universitys College of Veterinary Medicine.

Humans take precautions such as staying hydrated and applying sunscreen when spending time outdoors in the heat. Its just as important to take heat-related precautions for your pet, Biggs said.

Dogs dont sweat like people instead they pant to cool themselves. Excessive panting indicates your pet is overheated, Biggs added. As the heat increases, body functions begin to shut down.

As for car rides, leaving a pet in a hot vehicle is a life-threatening mistake, according to Biggs.

Cars interiors heat up quickly, even if the air temperature is only 80 degrees, Biggs stated. The interior of a vehicle can reach 115 degrees in just 15 minutes.

When dogs pant to cool themselves, inhaling hot air from inside a vehicle has little cooling effect and the animal can quickly overheat in just a few minutes, she said. As much as you enjoy your pets company, and as much as they enjoy rides in the car, its best to leave your furry friend at home on hot days.

For those who enjoy a good run with a canine friend, Biggs said it is important to keep in mind that asphalt roads and walking trails can be too hot and burn the pads on a dogs feet.

Biggs shared the following advice: before heading out, place your hand or bare foot on the running surface. If the surface is uncomfortable to human touch, it also is too hot for a dog. She suggested going for a short run or walk early in the day or later in the evening when the temperature is more bearable.

For those who enjoy lake trips, Biggs warns that owners should not assume a pet dog will drink lake water.

Be sure to always bring a bowl and a supply of fresh water to keep the dog hydrated, Biggs said.

The same is true at home.

Sun coming through a window can heat up a water bowl, and most dogs will not drink hot water no matter how thirsty they are.

Biggs recommends for pets who stay outside during the day, to be sure the water bowl is in a place thats shaded and cannot be tipped over. If possible, the bowl should have fresh, clean water refilled several times throughout the day.

Freeze containers of water to put in your pets outdoor water bowl, she said. This will help ensure your furry friends water stays cooler for a longer period of time.

Biggs points out that access to shade in the yard is an absolute must for pets. He suggests that a small kiddie pool is a great way to provide a fun cooling-off spot where pets can play.

Despite all precautions, a pet may still show signs of heat stress or heat stroke, Biggs warns.

Signs of heat stroke include heavy panting that does not resolve as the pet rests, increasing distress, a tongue color that is dark red to almost purple, weakness or collapse, hyper-salivation, vomiting and labored breathing, she said.

Dogs gums often appear redder early on when an animal is overheated and become paler when excessively overheated. In addition, a dogs gums may be dry or sticky if the animal is not staying adequately hydrated.

If you suspect a dog or cat is suffering from heat stroke, move him to a cooler environment immediately and apply cool water to the abdomen, ears and foot pads, Biggs said. Dont pour ice water over the whole animal, submerge your pet in a tub of cold water, or cover it in a cold, wet blanket, as these all may result in cooling your animal too quickly and decreasing blood flow to important areas.

Once stable, get the animal to a veterinarian as quickly as possible, even if the pet seems to be cooling down and the body temperature seems normal. Biggs said heat can cause internal damage thats not immediately obvious.

As a pet owner, its vital to establish a good relationship with a local veterinarian, not only for emergency situations, but also for regular checkups, she said. If you travel with your pets, get veterinarian recommendations for the area to which youre traveling in the event your pet gets sick.

Biggs notes that keeping a dog well-groomed is another way to reduce the risk of heat stress and helps to keep the animal more comfortable in the summer heat. A natural coat that has been groomed offers protection from sunburn and acts as cooling insulation.

Shaving your dogs coat will take away that protection, Biggs stated.

Remember, your pet cant tell you in words when something is wrong. As responsible pet owners, its your job to protect and provide for your pet, Biggs said. If youre feeling uncomfortably warm, its a sure bet your dog is, too.

More information is available at Oklahoma State University Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. To learn more, visit eeo.okstate.edu.

OSU Extension veterinarian, Dr. Rosslyn Biggs suggests that a small kiddie pool is a great way to provide a fun cooling-off spot where pets can play. Photo by Darla Shelden

Dr. Rosslyn Biggs, OSU Extension veterinarian and director of continuing education for the universitys College of Veterinary Medicine, says pet owners need to take precautions to ensure pets stay safe in the summer heat. OSU website photo.

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Keeping pets safe in the summer heat, a must - City-sentinel

STILLWATER, Okla. Clear blue skies and summer sun means many Oklahomans will be spending time outdoors. Some pet owners enjoy bringing their furry friends along on summer activities.

Although many animals like spending time outside, pet owners need to take precautions to ensure they stay safe in the summer heat, said Dr. Rosslyn Biggs, Oklahoma State University Extension veterinarian and director of continuing education for the universitys College of Veterinary Medicine.

Humans take precautions such as staying hydrated and applying sunscreen when spending time outdoors in the heat. Its just as important to take heat-related precautions for your pet, Biggs said. Dogs dont sweat like people instead they pant to cool themselves. Excessive panting indicates your pet is overheated. As the heat increases, body functions begin to shut down.

As for car rides, leaving a pet in a hot vehicle is a life-threatening mistake. Biggs said cars interiors heat up quickly, even if the air temperature is only 80 degrees. The interior of a vehicle can reach 115 degrees in just 15 minutes.

When dogs pant to cool themselves, inhaling hot air from inside a vehicle has little cooling effect and the animal can quickly overheat in just a few minutes, she said. As much as you enjoy your pets company, and as much as they enjoy rides in the car, its best to leave your furry friend at home on hot days.

For those who enjoy a good run with a canine friend, Biggs said to keep in mind asphalt roads and walking trails can be too hot and burn the pads on a dogs feet. Before heading out, place your hand or bare foot on the running surface. If the surface is uncomfortable to human touch, it also is too hot for a dog. She suggested going for a short run or walk early in the day or later in the evening when the temperature is more bearable.

For those who enjoy lake trips, do not assume a pet dog will drink lake water. Be sure to always bring a bowl and a supply of fresh water to keep the dog hydrated.

The same is true at home. Sun coming through a window can heat up a water bowl, and most dogs will not drink hot water no matter how thirsty they are.

Biggs said for pets who stay outside during the day, make sure the water bowl is in a place thats shaded and cannot be tipped over. If possible, give your dog fresh, clean water several times throughout the day.

Freeze containers of water to put in your pets outdoor water bowl, she said. This will help ensure your furry friends water stays cooler for a longer period of time.

Access to shade in the yard is an absolute must for pets. A small kiddie pool is a great way to provide a fun cooling-off spot where Rover can play.

Despite all precautions, a pet may still show signs of heat stress or heat stroke. Signs of heat stroke include heavy panting that does not resolve as the pet rests, increasing distress, a tongue color that is dark red to almost purple, weakness or collapse, hyper-salivation, vomiting and labored breathing.

Dogs gums often appear redder early on when an animal is overheated and become paler when excessively overheated. In addition, a dogs gums may be dry or sticky if the animal is not staying adequately hydrated.

If you suspect a dog or cat is suffering from heat stroke, move him to a cooler environment immediately and apply cool water to the abdomen, ears and foot pads. Dont pour ice water over the whole animal, submerge your pet in a tub of cold water, or cover it in a cold, wet blanket, as these all may result in cooling your animal too quickly and decreasing blood flow to important areas, Biggs said.

Once stable, get the animal to a veterinarian as quickly as possible, even if the pet seems to be cooling down and the body temperature seems normal. Biggs said heat can cause internal damage thats not immediately obvious.

As a pet owner, its vital to establish a good relationship with a local veterinarian, not only for emergency situations, but also for regular checkups, she said. If you travel with your pets, get veterinarian recommendations for the area to which youre traveling in the event your pet gets sick.

Keeping a dog well-groomed is another way to reduce the risk of heat stress and help keep the animal more comfortable in the summer heat. A natural coat that has been groomed offers protection from sunburn and acts as cooling insulation. Shaving your dogs coat will take away that protection.

Remember, your pet cant tell you in words when something is wrong. As responsible pet owners, its your job to protect and provide for your pet, Biggs said. If youre feeling uncomfortably warm, its a sure bet your dog is, too.

We are making critical coverage of the coronavirus available for free. Please consider subscribing so we can continue to bring you the latest news and information on this developing story.

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Keeping pets safe in the summer heat | News | claremoreprogress.com - Claremore Daily Progress

1. Alexis Kublin

Alexis Kublin, the valedictorian, of Fall River is the daughter of Colleen Kublin and Robert Kublin. She is a four-year member of the Bristol Aggie Drama Club and also served as its Director for the past two years. She has been a member of the cross country team for the past four years and was co-captain her senior year. She was also a member of the National Honor Society. Alexis was in the Floriculture program at Bristol Aggie and plans on attending Wheaton College and majoring in creative writing in the fall.

2. Nevin Poirier

Nevin Poirier, the salutatorian, of Fall River is the son of Stephen Poirier and Shawneen Castello. He has been a part of the baseball, basketball, and soccer teams at Bristol Aggie. He majored in Small Animal Science and is going to Becker College in Worcester/Leicester, MA where he has been accepted to participate in the Veterinary Science program. After graduating Becker College, he plans to attend postgraduate school to study veterinary medicine with the goal of becoming a veterinarian.

3. Kenzie Casper

Kenzie Casper of Somerset is the daughter of Kevin Casper. She is the president of the National Honor Society and Vice President of the senior class. She majored in Floriculture and was a member of the FFA floriculture team. Kenzie placed first at the regional competition and ranked 15th at the National FFA Convention in the Floriculture Career Development event. After graduating, Kenzie plans to attend Bridgewater State University for a degree in psychology.

4. Hannah Smith

Hannah Smith of Rochester is the daughter of Marcia Smith and Spence Smith. She was an Animal Science major and a proud member of the volleyball team all four years of high school. Hannah also served as the Treasurer of the schools National Honor Society. After graduating, Hannah plans to attend the University of Vermont, where she will study Animal Science with the goal to pursue a career in animal nutrition.

5. Hope Siddall

Hope Siddall of Rehoboth is the daughter of Laurie Siddall and Joseph Siddall. She was a Small Animal Science major and employed as a student worker for the Animal Science Department for three years. Hope served as the student representative on the schools Board of Trustees, was a student ambassador all four years, a member of the prom committee and in the schools National Honors Society. After graduating, Hope will be attending the University of Massachusetts Amherst to major in animal science with the hopes of continuing on to vet school.

6. Hannah Johnson

Hannah Johnson of West Wareham is the daughter of Paula Johnson and Dana Johnson. She was a Floriculture major, President of the senior class, Vice President of the National Honor Society and Vice President of the Bristol FFA chapter. She participated on the yearbook committee, prom committee and played volleyball for three years. She participated in many FFA competitions earning the opportunity to compete at the national level, in the Prepared Public Speaking event and the Floriculture Career Development Event. After graduating, Hannah will be attending Berklee College of Music and plans to study Music Therapy and minor in songwriting or vocal performance.

7. Emily Mills

Emily Mills of Fall River is the daughter of Christine and Geoffrey Mills. She was a Small Animal Science major and was an Animal Science student worker for four years. She also assisted with tutoring younger students as a PAL (Peer Assisted Learning) . Emily will be attending Bristol Community College in the Fall to major in biology, with the hopes of becoming a registered dietitian in the future.

8. Karolyn Auer

Karolyn Auer of Attleboro is the daughter of Lauri Auer and Daniel Auer Jr. She was a Large Animal Science major and active member of the FFA serving as the chapters Reporter. Karolyn participated in many competitions and events earning the opportunity to compete at the national level in the Horse Evaluation. She plans on taking a gap year to focus on her service as a Massachusetts FFA State Officer before attending the University of Maine Orono for animal science.

9. Quinn Prejsnar

Quinn Prejsnar of Attleboro is the son of Jacqueline Prejsnar and James Prejsnar. He was an Agricultural Mechanics major, a member of the National Honor Society and has been a student worker for the past four years. He has participated in the baseball and basketball teams since freshman year and was a part of the Slow Tools engineering group. Quinn plans on attending UMass Dartmouth and majoring in computer science in the fall of 2020.

10. Sarah Denis

Sarah Denis of Westport is the daughter of Francine Denis and David Denis. She was a Floriculture major and member of the National Honor Society. She has participated in both Volleyball and Softball throughout her four years. After graduating Sarah will be attending Bristol Community College with plans to major in Veterinary Health Care.

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Bristol Aggie Top Ten graduates of the Class of 2020 - SouthCoastToday.com

The Minnesota Futures Grant Program is offered annually by the Office of the Vice President for Research to promote research that incorporates new, cross-disciplinary ideas and develop projects to a point where they become competitive for outside funding. This years Minnesota Futures award supports a multidisciplinary team of researchers working to better understand the ecology and transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD), a deadly, infectious disease that affects deer and other cervids (such as elk and moose).

The project, The Emergence of Chronic Wasting Disease in Minnesota: Transmission across a Landscape of Plants, Soils, Water, and Deer, will receive $249,000 over two years and involves researchers in UMNs College of Biological Sciences (CBS), College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), and College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences (CFANS). The lead PI is Eric Seabloom from the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior in CBS.

CWD is a prion disease, a protein-based neurological disease that can cause normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally, which has the potential to cross species and is able to remain infectious in the environment for many years. Emerging evidence points to plants, soils, and water as potential reservoirs for CWD prions, fueling fears of contamination in agricultural products and water, as well as concerns for wildlife management, food production, and human health. While the disease has not jumped yet to humans, some experts fear it could.

Limited knowledge about CWD movement through the environment inhibits prediction of CWD transmission and risk in Minnesota. To address these challenges, this project pulls together experts on prion biology, disease ecology, veterinary epidemiology, deer behavior, plant and soil ecology, and hydrology. By generating novel experimental data, collecting field data at an outbreak site in southeastern Minnesota, and synthesizing models of spread at local and landscape scales, the research will fill a fundamental knowledge gap about the ecology and environmental transmission of CWD and will be an important step towards predicting and mitigating the spread of CWD and other prion diseases.

Since 2008, Minnesota Futures has supported research by faculty who go on to win substantial grants and whose innovations reach the market to potentially improve the lives of millions. In previous years, two awards of up to $250,000 have been awarded. This year, because deep budget cuts are possible due to the COVID-19 pandemic, OVPR has funded just one project for this grant cycle.

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2020 Minnesota Futures to Advance Research on Chronic Wasting Disease - UMN News

When baby Grace turned one on May 1, she celebrated with a princess-themed birthday party, complete with a special three-layer cake: blocks of ice with berries and currants tucked inside.

Grace, a western lowland gorilla, lives with her mom, Kashata, at Walt Disney Worlds Animal Kingdom. All four of Disneys Orlando theme parks shut down in mid-March due to the pandemic and will begin to reopen on July 11. But throughout the closure, employees have continued their work caring for the resident animals like Grace and Kashataincluding regularly planned activities, like celebrating birthdays.

Though thousands of Disney employees have been furloughed, Animal Kingdom has mostly kept its animal care team of over 1,000 zookeepers, vets, scientists, and more intact. This diverse team cares for roughly 10,000 animals, says Mark Penning, who oversees animals and environmental issues at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.

Only 2,000 of these Disney animalsrepresenting 300 species including lions, zebra, and giraffescall the Animal Kingdom park home. The bulk of the animals actually live throughout Disney World, including the Living Seas at Epcot, Fort Wilderness, and Disneys Animal Kingdom Lodge.

The well-being of our animals is absolutely our top priority, says Penning, noting how Disney created habitats so animals could carry out as many of their natural behaviors as possible. For the most part, the animals behavior during the park closure hasn't changed. Take gorillas, for instance. They still sleep all night. When they wake up in the morning, they have access to their habitat and their foodsome of which is hidden in their enclosure so they can forage for it. In the middle of the day, the animals often move inside for a health check, with the animal care team making sure everything is well. Then the gorillas spend the rest of the afternoon out in their habitat before going to bed.

Disneys director of animal and science operations, Scott Terrell, says his team made a conscious choice prior to closing to keep life as normal and positive as possible for the animals. Thats been our guiding principle, so the animals can continue to thrive through this very difficult, challenging time, says Terrell, a doctor of veterinary medicine.

To keep up with their usual routines, the animal care team provides regular health checks and medical care. Part of the Animal Kingdom training includes working with the animals to get them to respond to cues to participate in their own care, such as receiving food or getting medical attention. Cues might be noises (like banging a stick on a bucket) mixed with positive reinforcement (something the animal really enjoys, like a snack or special toy). And, depending on the animal, it could take weeks for this process to take hold.

For the most part, the animals behavior during the park closure hasn't changed.

While the animals enjoy their routines, they're also sometimes treated to surprises, says Penning. For example, to provide a surprise snack to the Animal Kingdom's hungry hippos, an employee will stand up on a small cliff, bang a bucket to signal a special treat, and the hippos wade over to feast on heads of lettuce tossed into the water.

Thats not a performance, explains Terrell. Thats a come here, open your mouth so that we can either feed you, or we can get a look at those beautiful teeth, or we can deliver medications or vitamins if needed. The fact that we can do that and typically share that incredible moment with guests? Thats a win-win.

As for Graces unusual birthday cake surprise, its presentation in an ice block does more than just stave off Florida's summer heat. The frozen treats serve a dual purpose, explains Penning. Gorillas enjoy picking the treats out of the ice as it melts, making the cake part of regular enrichment for the animals to keep them both mentally and physically stimulated.

And what about the lack of guests at the park these last few months? Have the animals even noticed?

Generally, theyre nonplussed with the guests and dont pay much attention, Penning says. But a few seem to notice fewer people are strolling by.

For example, some of the young gorillas, known for their mischievous antics, like to play, wrap banana leaves around their heads and roll down the hill, right at the viewing spot frequented by guests, whod react with laughter and pointing. The youngsters are now sitting at the window, almost like a person whose TV has been turned off, says Penning, noting that his team finds creative ways to keep them busy. Similarly, the otters, who see guests through an underwater viewing area, are having fun with the staff, who have placed alien-shaped cutouts on the window glass. The otters and the keepers found this amusing, and thats something we wouldnt do when our guests are around, Penning says.

Animal Kingdom is the park that celebrates the magic of nature, says Terrell. Our animals continue to show us every day that life does indeed go on.

We're reporting on how COVID-19 impacts travel on a daily basis. Find all of our coronavirus coverage and travel resources here.

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How Walt Disney World Is Caring for Its 10,000 Animals While Parks Are Closed - Cond Nast Traveler

Zahra Naziri, Abdollah Derakhshandeh, Arash Soltani Borchaloee, Meisam Poormaleknia, Negar Azimzadeh

Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Correspondence: Zahra NaziriDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345 1731 Tel +98 71 36138668Fax +98 71 32286940Email z.naziri@shirazu.ac.ir

Background: Global increase in the prevalence of virulent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which is also multi-drug resistant (MDR), leads to increase in severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs), decrease in the efficacy of the first-line antibiotics, and therefore increase in the morbidity and mortality rates.Methods: We investigated the distribution of ESBL-producing UPEC in 78 E. coli isolates from community-acquired UTI patients in southern Iran. The prevalence of three major ESBL genes, antimicrobial resistance patterns against 15 conventional antibiotic disks, and the presence of 11 important virulence genes that involve in the development and progression of UTIs were evaluated in these isolates.Results: Of the UPECs, 34.6% were ESBL-positive and 96.3% of the ESBL-producers were MDR. Among the ESBL-producers, 100% harbored blaCTX-M, 63% harbored blaSHV, and 11.1% harbored blaTEM genes. ESBL-producers showed a higher level of resistance to the tested cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline than non-ESBL producers. All isolates were resistant to the tested penicillins. Prevalence of resistance to about two-third of the tested antibiotics was higher than 50% and 93.6% of the isolates were MDR. High prevalence of virulence factors particularly the adhesins (82.1% csgA, 73.1% fimH genes) and siderophore (73.1% sitA gene) was seen in the UPECs. But fortunately in MDR isolates, the virulence score and prevalence of hemagglutinin (tsh), hemolysin toxin (hlyD) and invasin (ibeA) genes were lower than in non-MDR UPECs. Shockingly, among the 15 common antibiotics, only nitrofurantoin (< 20% resistance) could be recommended as an appropriate drug for the treatment of UTIs due to our ESBL-producer UPECs.Conclusion: The alarming level of virulent MDR ESBL-producer E. coli strains in this study necessitates the performing of an antibiotic stewardship program, regional screening of ESBL-producers and their virulence properties to select appropriate antibiotic, or designing new therapeutic methods for UTIs by inactivation of the essential virulence factors of UPECs.

Keywords: uropathogenic Escherichia coli, extended spectrum beta-lactamases, multi-drug resistance, virulence factor, urinary tract infection

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Treatment Failure in Urinary Tract Infections: A Warning Witness for V | IDR - Dove Medical Press

Imagine this: A pet owner sanitizes his hands before doing just about anything. He spritzes on some alcohol or rubs on some sanitizer. Then suddenly, they decide to feed their pet fish or clean their tanks.

Bits of chemicals from the alcohol get into the fish tank's water, which gets ingested by the fish and poisons them. This is currently what's happening, according to sources in Australia.

Since the coronavirus pandemic started, people have been scurrying to buy sanitizers and alcoholfor their own protection. Officials are now cautioning pet owners to be mindful of their fish when handling their tanks.

On Tuesday, a concerned customer paid a visit to PetStock in Zetland, Sydney, saying her pet fish had started acting weird. The manager on duty explained that it was a possibility that the fish was suffering from alcohol poisoning, an observation that wasn't uncommon during this time of the pandemic.

The customer told sourcesthat the store had been aware of the spike in fish casualties throughout the pandemic.

Read Also: You Have Been Using Hand Sanitizer Wrong

The store manager recalls having several fish deaths in their store, but only later realized that it could be due to the increased usage of hand hygiene products. Additionally, she says the store management had raised concerns among team members.

Staff members are asked to wash their hands with soap and water before sticking them in the fish tank. Fish owners are also asked to take extra precautions and to be mindful when handling their fish tanks at home.

The manager warned people not to contaminate the water in their fish tanks with their alcohol-smothered hands. She hoped that by educating customers about potential dangers, unnecessary pet deaths would be prevented.

While fish are virtually the only pet who could die from ingesting low levels of hand sanitizer, some say the substance could pose a threat to all pets.

According to the Pet Poison Hotline, ingestion of large amounts of hand sanitizer can cause vomiting, lethargy, incoordination, vital sign drops, and weak respirations. Furthermore, severely intoxicated animals could also experience respiratory failure and seizures.

In the past months, there have been postscirculating on Facebookwarning pet owners not to pet their dogs after applying hand sanitizer or allowing them to lick their hands afterward.

On the contrary, Dr. Karyn Bischoff from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine told Reutersthat hand sanitizer does not pose a threat to pets if the owners use them in reasonable amounts.

She says that sanitizer could cause discomfort in pets due to its fumes and odors. Additionally, it could irritate if the substance comes in contact with their nose or eyes. Cats, who are particularly sensitive to smells, could be aggravated by the scent of the disinfectants.

However, she says that the allegations on Facebook postswere false. Although swallowing copious amounts of hand sanitizer could hurt a pet, touching or petting pets after application of the hand disinfectant does not put the pets in danger.

Also Read: Exploding Hand Sanitizers: Never Leave them Inside Hot Cars, Warns Expert

The rest is here:
Fears Over Coronavirus Transmission are Affecting Pet Fishes as They Unintentionally Suffer From Alcohol Poiso - Science Times

Since the first vaccine was invented in 1796, the practice of immunization has transformed how we view infectious diseases, taking many pathogenic invaders from being deadly threats to easily preventable maladies. For humans and animals alike, vaccines are important healthcare tools.

Dr. Leslie Easterwood, a clinical assistant professor at the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, says the equine strangles vaccine is one that is of particular importance for horse owners in protecting their animal.

Strangles is the common term for the bacterial respiratory disease caused by Streptococcus equi, subspecies equi, Easterwood said. Strangles infections most commonly present as an upper respiratory infection that primarily involves the lymph nodes in a horses jaw. Symptoms include high fevers, thick nasal discharge, depression, and a lack of appetite.

The bacteria that causes strangles in horses may sound familiar to their human owners; a cousin of this bacteria, called Streptococcus pyogenes, causes strep throat in people. Though these bacteria are genetically similar and cause upper respiratory symptoms in both species, horses with strangles cannot infect humans, and humans with strep throat cannot infect horses.

Strangles is spread via respiratory secretions from infected horses, Easterwood said. It is highly contagious from horse to horse and is pretty common.

Since strangles is easily transmitted between horses, vaccination is an important tool for minimizing the spread of this disease.

Story continues below video

Although the disease rarely results in a fatality, it will make horses sick and can lead to loss of production, decreased performance, and quarantine, in some circumstances, Easterwood said. Vaccination does not provide complete protection, as with all vaccinations, but it can help to decrease the chance of contracting the disease in susceptible populations.

Since horses are often kept in groupsgrazing together at pasture, sharing pens, or neighbored in stalls contagious diseases can quickly work their way through a herd. As such, vaccination remains an essential tool for both individual and herd health.

Ultimately, the decision of whether to vaccinate an animal comes down to the owner, Easterwood says, although there might be situations during which a third party takes interest in a horses vaccination records.

There are no governmentally mandated vaccinations in horses, Easterwood said. Some boarding and breeding facilities will require vaccination to board at their location, but that is not a legal requirement.

Even if no legal requirement enforces the vaccination of horses, owners should still consider consulting with their veterinarian to determine what care is best for maintaining the health of their animal.

Pet Talk is a service of the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University. Stories can be viewed on the web at vetmed.tamu.edu/news/pet-talk. Suggestions for future topics may be directed to editor@cvm.tamu.edu.

We are making critical coverage of the coronavirus available for free. Please consider subscribing so we can continue to bring you the latest news and information on this developing story.

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Reining in the facts on equine strangles | Lifestyles - New Castle News

Contact: Sid Salter

Frances Coleman (Submitted photo)

STARKVILLE, Miss.After a career that spanned over a half-century and witnessed the services and offerings of Mississippi State University Libraries evolve from traditional to digital to virtual, MSU Dean of Libraries Frances N. Coleman is retiring from the university on June 30, MSU Executive Vice President and Provost David R. Shaw announced today [June 15].

Shaw said MSU College of Arts and Sciences Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Thomas P. Anderson will serve as interim MSU Dean of Libraries while a national search for a permanent dean is conducted.

Coleman, responsible for the university library system that includes Mitchell Memorial Library and branch libraries at MSUs College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Architecture (Starkville and Jackson campuses) and MSU-Meridian, led unprecedented expansions of facilities, technologies and programming throughout the system.

Dean Coleman provided visionary leadership for our MSU Libraries that not only improved library services on our campuses, but in libraries across Mississippi. My mother was a small-town librarian, and she and all her colleagues knew and respected Frances Coleman, said MSU President Mark E. Keenum. On her watch, our libraries became larger, stronger, more technologically accessible, and more sophisticated in terms of our museums and special collections. In short, Frances has left indelible fingerprints on our library system, and I am profoundly grateful for the outstanding work she has done for our university.

Shaw echoed Keenums praise for Colemans five decades of leadership.

Over the course of her life and work here at Mississippi State, Dean Coleman has paved the way for women moving into positions of substantial leadership. The personal and professional esteem in which she is held by colleagues across the country, and particularly in our state, is indicative of her many accomplishments, Shaw said. It is an honor to have served with her to advance Mississippi State.

Coleman joined the MSU faculty in 1969. She earned an MSU Bachelor of Science degree in education and a Master of Library Science from George Peabody College for Teachers at Vanderbilt University. She completed additional graduate studies at MSU and at the University of Mississippi.

Prior to her career in higher education, Coleman was a classroom teacher and school librarian in the Dyer County, Tennessee School System. She also worked in the banking field in Dyersburg and Memphis, Tennessee, and in Starkville.

She is a past president or chair of the Mississippi Business and Professional Women, the Southeastern Library Association, and the Mississippi Library Association. Coleman was active throughout her career in numerous research library organizations.

In the Starkville community, Coleman has served in key leadership roles in Aldersgate United Methodist Church, Starkville Chamber of Commerce, Starkville Arts Council, Starkville Rotary Club, and the United Way. In 2003, she was honored for lifetime achievement serving Mississippi libraries by the Mississippi Legislature, received the G.V. Sonny Montgomery Excellence in Leadership Award in 2009 from the Montgomery Foundation Board of Directors, and in 2010 received the John Y. Simon Award of Merit from the Ulysses S. Grant Association.

Coleman played a pivotal role in the successful 2008 transfer of the Ulysses S. Grant Collection from the Morris Library at Southern Illinois University, where it had been housed since 1964. With the relocation to MSUs Mitchell Memorial Library, she became a member of the USGA board of directors.

The relocation of the Grant Collection ultimately led to the establishment at MSU of one of only six presidential libraries on U.S. university campuses. On Nov. 30, 2017, state and national leaders heralded the opening of the Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library and the prestigious Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolnianaa recent donation that is considered the largest privately owned Abraham Lincoln collection in America.

Leaders in education, history, libraries and governmentincluding the Librarian of Congress and the Archivist of the United Statespraised the 21,000-square-foot addition. The facility contains a state-of-the-art museum chronicling Grants life and his significance in American history. With hundreds of thousands of historical documents and items housed on-site, the new addition positioned MSU as a leading destination for research on the Civil War and two presidents who shaped the course of American history.

Dean Colemans legacy will be that of a dedicated administrator who gave her all to advance Mississippi State University and to exhibit grace, charm, and sincere hospitality in using the librarys formidable assets to bring new friends to the university, said Keenum.

For more on MSU Libraries, visit http://lib.msstate.edu.

MSU is Mississippis leading university, available online at http://www.msstate.edu.

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Legendary MSU Dean Frances Coleman retires after a 51-year career that transformed the university's libraries and collections - Mississippi State...

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Every century the world will witness a major pandemic. Most active clinicians and researchers alike only have knowledge of the Spanish flu pandemic from medical history. At that time, the exact viral cause of the disease was not known, and neither was there a therapy nor a vaccine. Today, 102 years later, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of patients all over the world, with over 400,000 deaths at the time of writing. Pneumonia has interviewed Frank van Kuppeveld and Berend Jan Bosch from Utrecht University, and Manish Sagar at Boston University School of Medicine, to hear their views on the cause and consequences, the present and the future of this new corona virus, SARS-CoV-2.

BJB: Currently there are 4 circulating coronaviruses in humans. They cause common colds and (therefore) never received much attention from the medical community.

FK: A typical illustration for this statement is that 2 of the circulating corona viruses, NL63 and HKU1, were only identified after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-1.

BJB: In the veterinary world (pigs, chickens, cows, cats) corona viruses are more serious pathogens, and therefore have been studied more extensively. An older brother of SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in China in 2003 was SARS-CoV, an example of a zoonotic virus which has jumped to humans and subsequently it spread from human to human. MERS-CoV mainly spreads among dromedaries, and occasionally crosses the species barrier to humans. However, the spread of this virus among humans is limited. Case fatality rate of SARS-CoV-1 is 10%; for MERS the reported 35% case-fatality rate is probably over-estimated, because many more people will have been infected. The seroprevalence of MERS antibodies in Saudi Arabia suggests that the virus is more widespread.

Current epidemiological data for SARS-CoV-2 are still relatively scarce but could point towards a case fatality rate of 1%. Another difference between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 is that the former mainly spreads during the moment of active disease and only the latter can be spread by presymptomatic persons. Nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-1 has been limited.

FK: SARS-CoV-1 and MERS mainly infect the cells in the lower respiratory tract, whereas SARS-CoV-2 (also) infects the upper respiratory tract. This characteristic contributes to the ease of spreading. SARS-CoV-2s stronger binding to the ACE-2 receptor (although this is still debated) is another difference. There are additional differences in the structure of the Spike protein.

MS: As mentioned earlier, SARS-CoV-2 shares some similarities and has some significant differences with the other pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-1, MERS, HKU-1, OC43, NL63, and 229E. First, it should be noted that SARS-CoV-2 has achieved a sweet spot for a virus. Unlike SARS-CoV-1 and MERS, after establishing infection, it does not immediately make the host sick.

Furthermore, unlike SARS-CoV-1 and MERS, it does not make the infected person deathly ill. The case fatality rate for SARS-CoV-2 is much lower than SARS-CoV-1 and MERS. This is ideal for the virus because it increases transmission efficiency. Unlike the common cold coronaviruses (OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU-1), it is more lethal and thus has had and will have a major impact on human populations. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 cellular receptor for cell entry, and SARS-CoV-1 and NL63 also use this receptor. This suggests that cellular entry and presumably tropism is not the primary distinguishing factor among these viruses.

The highly pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS) all appear to initiate an intense and possibly inappropriately delayed innate immune response, which may be directly correlated to the observed morbidity and mortality. The common cold coronaviruses may not induce a similar innate immune response. The mechanistic basis for this discrepancy remains uncertain, but it appears to be a major difference among the highly pathogenic versus more benign human coronaviruses.

FK: Furthermore there are major differences in the demographics of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 patients. SARS-CoV-1 patients were adults >25 years of age, around 60% women, and without specific preference for the elderly. The reason for this is unknown.

FK: This is a major and important question, for which the answers are still largely unknown. Indeed, most viral or bacterial pneumonia patients are hospitalized for on average 7 days. As compared to SARS-CoV-1 and influenza, SARS-CoV-2 also causes a severe cytokine storm. It has been suggested that a difference can be found in interferon response: SARS-CoV-1 is a potent inducer of mainly type 1 and 3; SARS-CoV-2 actively replicates in lung cells but hardly induces interferons. Another factor which may play a role is local vascular leakage and angioedema.

MS: I think one of the most enlightening studies for the possible mechanism for severe pneumonia is from investigators at Washington University in St. Louis. In mouse models, they demonstrated that in mice with an early innate immune response (primarily driven by monocytes and macrophages), there is limited lung pathology and morbidity. In contrast, mice that have a delayed innate immune response have high morbidity and lung damage. The lung damage is characterized by infiltration by activated monocytes and macrophages in the lung. Interestingly, this phenomenon appears to be different from other respiratory viruses, such as influenza.

Furthermore, this difference is not driven by a major difference in virus replication. The mechanistic basis for understanding why some infected people have a delayed and robust innate immune response many days after SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the most interesting and likely useful research avenues. It will provide an important insight about the cause of severe pneumonia.

In mice, attenuating the innate immune response after infection appears to diminish morbidity and mortality. In humans also, use of immune modulators, such as IL-6 receptor and IL-1 receptor blockers, appears to provide benefit. GR: All in all, the (immuno)pathology of COVID-19 may have the characteristics of a Macrophage Activation Syndrome.

BJB: It is disappointing that many of the potential drugs (existing and developed) for which the hopes were high, now in practice show no (such as with hydroxychloroquine) or limited effectivity. Preliminary data indicate that Remdesivir reduces the duration of intensive care treatment from 15 to 11 days, but show little effect on mortality.

BJB: Like active vaccination, also passive immunization requires all 3 phases of clinical testing before it can be applied. Scaling is a major issue: administration of convalescent serum can turn out to be an effective treatment but certainly not for large groups of patients (read more here and here). Defined monoclonal antibodies against relevant epitopes could be used in selected patients, but not as preventive treatment for large populations.

MS: I dont see a massive role for passive vaccination. Given the massive number of infected and susceptible people, convalescent plasma as a generalized prophylaxis and treatment is not feasible. At this time, it is difficult to determine which plasma is appropriate for therapy and possibly treatment because there are no standardized measures for assessing neutralization potency. The costs and logistics associated with convalescent plasma make it unfeasible as a solution for the masses. Synthetic single, or a cocktail of, monoclonal antibodies are more feasible although still likely cost-prohibitive.

That said, understanding the impact of monoclonal antibodies and antibodies present in convalescent serum is very important. It will provide unique scientific insights for understanding antibody-based prevention and treatment. It can be used in specific cases, but it is not likely relevant as a mass treatment or prevention strategy.

BJB: It cannot be excluded that there is a certain degree of cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by circulating coronaviruses and the current SARS-CoV-2. Whether this would lead to relative protection or to a more serious disease is a question that can not be answered right now. Aminoacid homology of Spike proteins between circulating coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is low. S1, the globular top domain of the Spike protein is highly variable and shows no antigenic cross-reactivity between the various coronaviruses; S2 is the stalk with a more conserved sequence. But even among the conserved S2 regions, thus far no antibodies have been found that bind to both alpha and beta coronaviruses.

MS: SARS-CoV-2 will most probably continue to infect the human population. First, there is a large portion of the human population that remains susceptible. It is estimated based on the R0, that around 66% of the human population would have to prior infection to obtain some form of herd immunity. Among the previously infected patients, I suspect that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to infect people. The SARS-CoV-2 spike will continue undergoing minor modifications that limit the neutralization capacity of pre-existing antibodies. With re-infection, however, I suspect that the disease course will be milder than previous disease. I base these predictions on evolution of influenza within human population.

FK: The target population for severe COVID-19 are the elderly. Two to five centuries ago, that target population was much smaller in size, and first exposure to the virus would have taken place at a younger age. NL63, like SARS-CoV-2 also an ACE2 receptor entering coronavirus, now is a common cold virus. Accessory viral genes which may determine the interaction with the immune system could play a role.

BJB: We have to keep in mind that we are dealing with a novel virus, which made its entry into an immunological nave population. Virgin soil epidemic is the term coined by Alfred W. Crosby for this situation. Over time this will change, also with development of herd immunity and exposure at an early age, with consequence for the pattern of morbidity and mortality. At the same time, this may impact the behavior of the virus. For 229E coronavirus, mutations hotspots are found in the spike protein domains which are essential for viral entry into the cell.

FK: The only criterion for viral evolution is the degree of spreading, and SARS-CoV-2 has been extremely successful in that respect.

MS: I suspect that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to infect human populations because it has established a strong foothold. As already stated earlier, I think we will have seasonal infections but re-infections in previously infected hosts will lead to a milder clinical syndrome. It is hard to know if SARS-CoV-2 will have similar benign phenotype as the common coronaviruses in the next 50 years or longer.

Prof. Frank van Kuppeveld is Professor of Molecular Virology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Utrecht University in Utrecht, The Netherlands. His research focuses on the method of replication of RNA viruses in host cells. Specifically, he studies how these viruses are able to hijack certain cellular factors and structures in order to replicate their RNA genome. He also researches how these viruses are able to suppress the cells antiviral resistance mechanisms. His current research focuses on 1) virus structure, receptors and entry mechanisms, 2) viral genome replication, 3) development of antiviral drugs, and 4) innate host responses and viral countermeasures.

Dr. Berend-Jan Bosch is Associate Professor of Molecular Coronavirology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. He studies coronaviruses: a group of viruses that may occasionally switch host species and can jump from mammals or birds to humans. Bosch is currently researching an antibody that blocks infection by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in cells. Bosch is trying to comprehend the interaction between coronaviruses and their hosts, be they animals or humans. How do viruses infect their hosts? How do viruses avoid their hosts immune responses? How do viruses jump from animals to humans and cause disease? With a detailed understanding, it will become possible to develop drugs and vaccines.

Dr. Manish Sagar is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine. His laboratory is interested in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in particular to understand the biological mechanisms for the selection observed during HIV-1 transmission.Laboratory studies explore the hypothesis that during transmission there is selection of specific variants with properties that confer fitness for transmission. Another focus in the lab is to decipher correlates of immune protection. Dr. Sagar has served on numerous committees including NIH study sections and Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Early Career Development Award Review Committee. He is an active member of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).

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The more neurotic and anxious cat owners are, the more trust and affection they have for their cat, researchers say.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have many people feeling anxious. But if you happen to own a cat, they may be benefiting from your anxiety.

Our study finds that anxiousness may be a positive trait to have because it is associated with trust and affection for a cat, coauthor Mikel Delgado, a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, Davis.

a tendency toward negative emotions will affect any relationship, including a relationship with a cat.

Delgado and coauthor Gretchen Reevy, a psychologist with California State University, East Bay, conducted an online, anonymous survey of 1,239 cat owners. Of the participants, 87% were female. The survey asked questions about how worthy people felt of their cats love, how available and trustworthy they felt their cat was, and their general feelings of affection toward their cat.

While higher scores on neuroticism and anxiety could benefit a relationship with ones cat, the study shows that higher scores on most negative emotions, especially depression, were related to feeling less worthy of their cats love. Previous studies have found similar results in romantic relationships and friendships.

If you are prone to depression, youre seeing everything through that lens, Delgado says. This shows that a tendency toward negative emotions will affect any relationship, including a relationship with a cat.

In contrast, the way in which negative emotions influenced feelings of trust in a relationship depended on whether the relationship was with a human or cat. In human relationships, depression decreased the feeling that a friend or partner was trustworthy.

Anger decreased the feeling that a cat was trustworthy, and anxiety increased the feeling.

Delgado says she embarked on the study to understand what can help people have a better bond with their pet. A lot of that can be influenced by human behavior.

While were sheltering at home during coronavirus, our cats may be our sole companions. Theyre important to our lives, she says. But problems with the human-cat relationship put cats at risk for ending up in animal shelters.

Reevy says its important to understand that our personalities can affect how we bond with our pets.

Cats can be wonderful companions and sources of comfort, and it looks like a persons personality affects their tendency to appreciate, enjoy, and hopefully benefit emotionally from a relationship with a cat, Reevy says.

The authors are currently comparing peoples romantic relationships with their relationships with their cat. People interested in participating in the study can click here to learn more.

The study appears in the journal Anthrozos. Support for the research came from Maddies Fund.

Source: UC Davis

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A team of researchers in the UK has discovered that some individuals of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), particularly those affected by myocardial fibrosis, have a rare small bone called os cordis in their heart.

High-resolution microCT image of the chimpanzees os cordis. Image credit: Moitti et al, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66345-7.

The presence of an os cordis is a regular finding in large ruminants such as cattle, ox, water buffalos and sheep. Otters and camels sometimes have this bone too. But this is the first time that the os cordis has been discovered in a great ape.

Cartilage (cartilago cordis) can also be present within the cardiac skeleton of individuals of other animal species such as horses, pigs, dogs, cats, mice, rats, snakes, white rhinoceros and Syrian hamsters.

Although the exact localization, size and number of the os cordis varies, in all species it lies within a band of fibrous tissue called trigonum fibrosum.

Its function is unclear but it is believed to serve as a pivot and anchoring support for the heart valves.

The discovery of a new bone in a new species is a rare event, especially in chimps which have such similar anatomy to people, said studys senior author Dr. Catrin Rutland, a researcher in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science at the University of Nottingham.

It raises the question as to whether some people could have an os cordis too.

Dr. Rutland and colleagues compared the structure and morphology of 16 hearts from chimpanzees which were either healthy or affected by myocardial fibrosis, a type of heart disease found in chimps and people.

To study the organs, the researchers used X-ray microtomography (microCT), a non-destructive X-ray imaging technique that produces 3D images from 2D trans-axial projections.

They found the os cordis bones, measuring a few millimeters in size, and cartilago cordis in four hearts. Their presence was not associated with age nor with sex.

Looking for ways to help chimps with heart disease is essential, said first author Dr. Sophie Moitti, from the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science at the University of Nottingham and Twycross Zoo.

Understanding what is happening to their hearts helps us manage their health.

This research has brought together researchers and veterinary professionals, working on a common aim to advance chimpanzee health and conservation, Dr. Rutland said.

The discovery is described in a paper published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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S. Moitti et al. 2020. Discovery of os cordis in the cardiac skeleton of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Sci Rep 10, 9417; doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66345-7

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Some Chimpanzees Have Tiny Bone in Their Heart | Anatomy, Biology - Sci-News.com