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Type 2 diabetes: The best diet to follow to help lower your blood sugar – Express

July 10th, 2020 3:50 am

Type 2 diabetes is a condition which causes too much sugar in the blood. It can have devastating consequences if not managed correctly. Following a particular diet has been strongly recommended to help keep blood sugar healthy. What is it?

When it comes to managing your type 2 diabetes, a healthy diet is essential.

There are things a person can eat and drink which have a low Glycaemic Index and are known to help keep blood sugar levels healthy.

This means these foods wont raise the blood sugar and may help one avoid a blood sugar spike.

When it comes to following one of the best diets for type 2 diabetes, leading health experts recommend a low-GI diet.

READ MORE:Type 2 diabetes symptoms: Does your breath smell like this? Expert reveals warning sign

What is the glycaemic index in foods?

The glycaemic index (GI) indicates whether a food type raises blood glucose levels quickly, moderately or slowly.

This means it can be useful for a person living with diabetes.

Certain carbohydrates are digested and absorbed at different rates, and GI is the ranking of how quickly each carbohydrate-based food or drink impacts the blood glucose levels.

The GI index runs from 0 to 100 and usually uses pure glucose, which has a GI of around 100, as the reference.

Slowly absorbed carbohydrates have a low GI rating and foods included in this are fruits and vegetables, unsweetened milk, nuts, pulses, and some wholegrain cereals and bread.

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In a study with the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, a low-glycaemic index diet was investigated in how it could help with diabetes.

The study noted: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine whether low-GI diets, compared with conventional or high-GI diets, improved overall glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes.

The study concluded that choosing low-GI foods in place of conventional or high-GI foods has a small but clinically useful effect on medium-term glycaemic control in patients with diabetes.

The incremental benefit is similar to that offered by pharmacological agents that also target postprandial hyperglycaemia.

In another study with the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, glycaemic index in the diet of European outpatients with diabetes was analysed.

The study said: The relation of the GI to serum cholesterol (total, LDL, and HDL), and fasting triacylglycerol was analysed in 2810 people with type 1 diabetes.

It concluded that the study in European patients with type 1 diabetes showed that a lower dietary GI is related to lower Hb A(1c) concentrations, independently of fibre intake.

The consumption of bread and pasta had the biggest effect on the overall dietary GI of European outpatients.

When it comes to foods which have a low GI rating and help keep blood sugar low, avocados are one of the best.

Medical News Today said: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids are important components of a healthy blood sugar eating plan and avocados could help improve insulin sensitivity.

Other foods include tuna and fish, sour cherries, leafy green vegetables, blueberries, almonds, whole grains and eggs.

Foods with a high GI and best avoided if living with type 2 diabetes include sugar and sugary foods, white bread, white rice and potatoes.

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4 Sugar Substitutes That Can Help In Keeping Diabetes And Obesity Away – NDTV

July 10th, 2020 3:50 am

Sugary drinks risks, bakery and confectionary items are sources of hidden sugar

White refined sugar is nothing but empty calories. Health experts and nutritionist recommend avoiding sugary foods for good health and weight loss. Eating too much sugar has been linked to increased risk of diabetes and obesity. According to the American Heart Association, men should not consume more than 9 tsp of sugar in a day. This means 36 gms of 150 calories of added sugar in a day. The number is lower for women. 6 tsp or 25 gms or 100 calories per day from sugar is allowed for women, as per AHA.

To see in contrast, one 12-ounce of soda can contains 8 tsp or 32 gms of added sugar. Imagine, one day's sugar allotment gone in drinking that one can!

Sugary drinks and desserts are biggest culprits when it comes to added sugar in your diet. Other sources of hidden sugar come from juices, processed and packaged food, biscuits, bakery and confectionary foods.

In order to regulate your intake of sugar, it is important that you avoid these foods. Also, there are a few healthy alternatives of sugar that you can add to teas, coffee and even homemade sweets to make them healthier.

Also read:6 Surprising Health Benefits Of Dates Apart From Being A Healthy Sugar Substitute

1. Honey: Honey is a delicious, healthier alternative to white refined sugar. Though it is high in calories, it has a lower glycaemic index (GI) value than sugar. It does not raise blood sugar levels as quickly. Keep a close eye on the portion sizes.

2. Date sugar: Dates are supremely nutritious and offer multiple health benefits. They can satisfy the urge of something sweet, while also providing you with added nutrition, which is not the case with sugary foods. Dates do contain natural sugar. On an average, a medium-sized date contains 6 gm sugar. But, it is also packed with fibre. This fibre slows down the release of sugar in blood stream, preventing any spikes in blood sugar levels.

Dates are considered to be a healthy sugar alternativePhoto Credit: iStock

Also read:Say No To Sugary Drinks: Know The Several Risks Associated

3. Coconut sugar: Coconut sugar is extracted from the sap of coconut palm. It contains nutrients like iron, zinc, calcium, potassium and antioxidants. Its GI is lower than sugar and contains insulin. Insulin is a kind of soluble fibre which can slow down digestion, increase feeling of fullness and provide gut-friendly bacteria.

4. Maple syrup: Maple syrup is obtained by cooking down the sap of maple trees. It contains minerals like potassium, calcium, iron, zinc and manganese. Maple syrup is also known to have more antioxidants than honey. Its GI is lower than sugar. Portion size needs to be checked though.

The idea is to control consumption of sugar to prevent weight gain, obesity and diabetes risk. Avoid sources of added sugar mentioned above and you're good to go.

Also read:Sugar: What Happens When You Leave It Entirely? Benefits Of Quitting Sugar Decoded

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.

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Every day 250 Australians develop type 2 diabetes – a disease that makes us more susceptible to pandemics – Farm Weekly

July 10th, 2020 3:49 am

I'm half way through my 12 months as 2020 Australian of the Year.

I wake up every day knowing over 250 Australians will develop type 2 diabetes that day.

To put the full scale of the type 2 diabetes crisis in perspective, in the first three months of the terrifying COVID-19 crisis, we tragically lost just over 100 Australian lives to this microscopic killer.

During the same period, we lost more than 5000 lives to type 2 diabetes, unnecessarily.

Type 2 diabetes is a preventable dietary disease. People don't need to die - they don't even need to develop type 2 diabetes.

Why are we seeing this tragedy unfold? And why is nothing been done about it?

A flawed dietary guideline, which we have obediently and blindly followed for 40 years, is literally killing us.

Dietary advice we've been fed for decades is wrong

https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/R7sDaMurkWxVpij7Babdbr/19dc1a9e-ea69-4ad6-b58e-4c542e235756.jpg/r11_240_4489_2770_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg

Why the Australian Dietary Guidelines are flawed

news, opinion, National Diabetes Week, Dr James Muecke, Australian of the Year, Type 2 diabetes

2020-07-10T09:00:00+08:00

https://players.brightcove.net/3879528182001/default_default/index.html?videoId=6170406531001

https://players.brightcove.net/3879528182001/default_default/index.html?videoId=6170406531001

Eye surgeon Dr James Muecke on the Five A's that make sugar toxic

We've been encouraged to eat less fat and consume more carbs and yet we've never been fatter, our teeth never more rotten, and type 2 diabetes and its complications never more prevalent.

The scourge of our modern diet has been devastating to Aboriginal people and we're now seeing the disease in children as young as seven.

For two million years, humans evolved on a diverse diet of fresh seasonal foods, and we didn't develop type 2 diabetes.

One hundred years ago, the first dietary guidelines were introduced. At the same time, we saw the introduction of sugary drinks and highly processed foods, the consumption of meat was proclaimed the root of all evil, and - bingo - our health started to plummet.

A multitude of businesses and entire industries have been built on the demonisation of foods sourced from animals.

When the Australian Dietary Guidelines were revised in 2013, a decision was made to not change the recommendations related to dietary saturated fats, despite evidence to the contrary.

Do we really need a guideline to tell us how to eat when its only made us sicker?

It's high time for the Australian Dietary Guidelines to be revised, or removed. I want Australians to be aware the dietary advice we've been fed for decades is wrong.

I want Australians to be aware our dietary guidelines are flawed and the authors conflicted by industry.

The Beverage Council of Australia's deal with the government to reduce the amount of sugar in sugary drinks by 2025 "isn't on track", Dr Muecke writes.

I want Australians to be aware they can eat eggs, full fat dairy and red meat without fearing for their lives or eternal damnation.

The other key factor to our deteriorating health is a lack of accountability, at several critical levels.

At the business level, I've met with major chain stores to bring their attention to the type 2 diabetes crisis and the simple actions they can take to help save lives. Yet there are no plans to remove sugary products from checkouts, where they're preying on our addiction.

At the industry level, I've met with the Beverage Council of Australia. Their deal with the government to reduce the amount of sugar in sugary drinks by 2025 isn't on track and involves broadening the portfolio rather than reducing the amount of sugar in the most highly consumed drinks.

That leaves one last level, the government level. My one last hope.

Government needs to step in to protect the health of all Australians and protect the taxpayers who are funding the type 2 diabetes bill to the tune of $20 billion every year.

In some areas of Australia, over half the adult population has type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes - a disease almost unheard of in the 1960s and that's now making us more susceptible to pandemics.

My strategy was always a multi-pronged approach. There's no doubt a sugar tax would have a powerful impact and the cost saving to the poorest in our society will far outweigh any perceived injustice.

If the stores using predatory marketing tactics aren't willing to do the right thing, if television continues to advertise to our kids, and if the health star rating system is only being used by 30 per cent of manufacturers, then surely it's time for our government to step in?

It's about being brave. Raising awareness and being accountable are pillars to look up to, not to be admonished. If protecting our kids and the vulnerable is about nannying, then so be it.

In some parts of Australia, over half the adult population has type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes - a disease that's now making us more susceptible to pandemics.

As a doctor, I'd rather see government put the health of its people above vested interests.

I'm often asked, "What would a good year as Australian of the Year look like?"

I'd be delighted to see a campaign warning Australians of the multitude of health dangers of sugar and an overhaul of our flawed dietary advice mechanism.

Over 20,000 Australians are dying every year due to a preventable disease. A year in which we started saving lives would be a good year for us all.

You can help find the 2021 Australian of the Year, Senior Australian of the Year (65 years+), Young Australian of the Year (16-30 years) and Australia's Local Hero by nominating a champion in your community.

The awards are nominated by the public, so visit australianoftheyear.org.au to nominate someone you admire who is helping to make Australia better.

Nominations are open until July 31.

The story Dietary advice we've been fed for decades is wrong first appeared on The Canberra Times.

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Diabetes Care Devices Market 2019 Trends, Market Share, Industry Size, Opportunities, Analysis and Forecast To 2024 – Owned

July 10th, 2020 3:49 am

The Global Diabetes Care Devices Market is segmented on the lines of its glucose monitoring devices, insulin delivery device, type and regional. Based on glucose monitoring device segmentation it covers blood glucose meters, blood glucose test strips, lancing devices, continuous glucose monitoring devices, HbA1c testing kits. Based on insulin delivery device segmentation it covers insulin pumps, insulin syringes and insulin pens. Based on type segmentation it covers therapy type, inject able, oral drugs.TheGlobal Diabetes Care Devices Market on geographic segmentation covers various regions such as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa. Each geographic market is further segmented to provide market revenue for select countries such as the U.S., Canada, U.K. Germany, China, Japan, India, Brazil, and GCC countries.

FYI, You will get latest updated report as per the COVID-19 Impact on this industry. Our updated reports will now feature detailed analysis that will help you make critical decisions.

The Global Diabetes Care Devices Market is expected to exceed more than US$ 33.50 Billion by 2024 at a CAGR of 6% in the given forecast period.

Browse Full Report: https://www.marketresearchengine.com/diabetes-care-devices-market

The rising predominance of diabetes attributable to stationary ways of life is the prime component for the development of the diabetes devices market. Also, the consistently expanding subsidizing taken after by the heightened innovative work endeavors that are gone for upgrading treatment answers for the control of diabetes is driving the worldwide market towards quick development. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels or high blood glucose level. The innovative advances have already been made and opportunities for product innovation are likely to consist of incremental improvements in performance. The segment related to the growing acceptance of continuous blood glucose monitoring systems by healthcare professionals to monitor real-time blood glucose levels for better management of diabetes.

The scope of the report includes a detailed study of global and regional markets on Global Diabetes Care Devices Market with the reasons given for variations in the growth of the industry in certain regions.

The report covers detailed competitive outlook including the market share and company profiles of the key participants operating in the global market. Key players profiled in the report include Abbott Laboratories, Dexcom Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Becton, Dickinson and Company, Roche Diagnostics Ltd., Bayer AG, Acon Laboratories, Inc., Ypsomed AG, Novo Nordisk A/S, Medtronic plc, ARKRAY Inc, Terumo Corporation, Dexcom, Inc., and Sanofi. Company profile includes assign such as company summary, financial summary, business strategy and planning, SWOT analysis and current developments.

The Global Diabetes Care Devices Market has been segmented as below:

The Global Diabetes Care Devices Market is Segmented on the lines of Type Analysis, Glucose Monitoring Devices Analysis, Insulin Delivery Devices Analysis and Regional Analysis. By Type Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Therapy Type, Injectable and Oral Drugs. By Glucose Monitoring Devices Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Blood Glucose Meters, Blood Glucose Test Strips, Lancing Devices, Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices and HbA1c Testing Kits.

By Insulin Delivery Devices Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of Insulin Pumps, Insulin Syringes and Insulin Pens. By Regional Analysis this market is segmented on the basis of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World.

This report provides:

1) An overview of the global market for Global Diabetes Care Devices Market and related technologies.2) Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2015, estimates for 2016 and 2017, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2024.3) Identifications of new market opportunities and targeted promotional plans for Global Diabetes Care Devices Market.4) Discussion of research and development, and the demand for new products and new applications.5) Comprehensive company profiles of major players in the industry.

The restraining factors of Global Diabetes Care Devices Market are as follows:

The major driving factors of Global Diabetes Care Devices Market are as follows:

Request Sample Report from here: https://www.marketresearchengine.com/diabetes-care-devices-market

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Premium Insights

5 Industry Insights

6 Brazil: Diabetes Care Devices Market

7 Russia: Diabetes Care Devices Market

8 India: Diabetes Care Devices Market

9 China: Diabetes Care Devices Market

10 Competitive Landscape

11 Company Profiles

11.1 Roche Diagnostics Limited

11.2 Johnson & Johnson

11.3 Abbott Laboratories

11.4 Bayer AG

11.5 Medtronic PLC

11.6 Becton, Dickinson and Company

11.7 Ypsomed AG

11.8 Novo Nordisk A/S

11.9 Arkray, Inc.

11.10 Sanofi

11.11 Acon Laboratories, Inc.

11.12 Terumo Corporation

11.13 Dexcom, Inc.

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Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market to Etch New Growth Ratios with Adoption in Developing Economies – 3rd Watch News

July 10th, 2020 3:47 am

The global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market analysis provides pioneering landscape of market along with market augmentation history and key development involved in the industry. The report also features comprehensive research study for high growth potential industries professional survey with market analysis. Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market report helps the companies to understand the market trends and future market prospective,opportunities and articulate the critical business strategies.

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Note: *The Download PDF brochure only consist of Table of Content, Research Framework, and Research Methodology.

The report incorporates an estimated impact of strict standards and regulations set by the government over the market in the upcoming years. The market report also comprises exhaustive research done using several analytical tools such as SWOT analysis to identify the market growth pattern.

Major Players Are:BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Spark Therapeutics, Pfizer, Inc., UniQure NV, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Shire PLC, Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., and Freeline Therapeutics

Regions & Countries Mentioned In The Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Report:

Key Highlights of the Table of Contents:

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Role of Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market Report:

The global Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market has been appearing as one of the most profit-making businesses in the globe. The market has been exhibiting considerable growth figures led by raw material affluence, increasing population, expanding regions, rapid elevating demand, and advanced technologies. The report is likely to be performed vigorously in the upcoming phase, analysts predicted after studying the market at a minute level.

Various analytical tools such as SWOT, Feasibility analysis, Porters Five Forces analysis, Value Chain analysis, and Capacity utilization analysis are implemented while evaluating the Hemophilia Gene Therapy Market which certainly helps a reader to get a deeper perception of the market and its participants. Additionally, it covers a cardinal evaluation of market history, patterns, changing dynamics, market and manufacturing trends, demand and supply activities, and technological development.

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FDA Approves Talaris Therapeutics’ IND for Its Allogeneic Cell Therapy FCR001 to Be Evaluated in Patients With a Severe Form of Scleroderma – Business…

July 10th, 2020 3:45 am

BOSTON & LOUISVILLE, Ky.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Talaris Therapeutics, Inc., a privately held biotechnology company developing transformative cell therapies that have the potential to induce durable immune tolerance across a range of indications, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the companys Investigational New Drug (IND) application for the evaluation of Talaris novel cell therapy FCR001 in the treatment of diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc), a severe form of the rare autoimmune disease scleroderma. Approval of this IND allows Talaris to initiate a Phase 1/2a trial at sites across the U.S., including Duke University and the University of Michigan.

Were very eager to study the tolerogenic potential of FCR001 for patients with severe autoimmune disease, said Scott Requadt, Chief Executive Officer of Talaris. Individuals with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, a subset of scleroderma with high morbidity and mortality, are in great need of safe and effective, disease-modifying, treatment options. We believe FCR001 could represent an important new approach to treating this serious condition.

Scleroderma, which derives from the Greek words sclero, meaning hard, and derma, meaning skin, is a rare and potentially fatal chronic autoimmune disease which causes progressive scarring, or fibrosis, of the bodys connective tissues. Scleroderma can either be localized or systemic. Systemic scleroderma, also called systemic sclerosis (SSc), is further divided into the limited cutaneous subset and the diffuse cutaneous subset, depending on the degree of skin involvement. Both types affect the skin and vital internal organs, especially the lungs, kidneys, gut and heart, resulting in organ dysfunction. Patients with the diffuse subset generally have rapidly progressive skin and internal organ involvement and have worse outcomes than the limited subtype.

Based on encouraging data from randomized clinical trials, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is increasingly used to treat severe cases of diffuse cutaneous SSc, where it has been shown to halt organ damage and induce clinical remission. However, because patients are transplanted with their own stem cells, there is a risk of disease recurrence, and patients typically must first undergo full myeloablative conditioning with or without total body irradiation, which is associated with direct organ toxicity and increased risk of future cancers.

Talaris allogeneic cell therapy, FCR001, is a novel, one-time treatment intended to induce immune tolerance in the recipient and which can be used across all levels of donor-recipient HLA mismatch. Treatment with FCR001 is preceded by non-myeloablative conditioning. In a Phase 2 clinical trial in de novo living donor kidney transplant recipients, FCR001 resulted in durable immune tolerance in 70% of the 37 recipients treated; these individuals were able to successfully discontinue their anti-rejection medications and no tolerized patient has had to resume immunosuppression (median follow-up of over 5 years, longest follow-up is over 10 years). Furthermore, seven of the successfully tolerized patients had kidney failure due to an underlying autoimmune disease, and none of these patients has experienced recurrence of their underlying autoimmune disease post-treatment. Based on these encouraging data and its broad therapeutic potential in autoimmune disease, FCR001 will be evaluated in a planned Phase 1/2a trial of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc.

A safe, allogeneic stem cell transplant treatment using nonmyeloablative conditioning could offer important additional benefits over current autologous HSCT as a treatment for this severe form of systemic sclerosis, said Keith Michael Sullivan, M.D., Professor of Medicine at Duke University Medical School.

The diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis subset I see in my practice have very limited treatment options. Autologous stem cell transplant has demonstrated the potential to induce durable remissions in randomized clinical trials, but involves significant risks to the patients, said Dinesh Khanna, M.D., M.Sc., Director of the Scleroderma Program and Professor of Medicine at the University of Michigan Medical School. I am excited to participate in this clinical trial of FCR001, and hopeful that it could result in a safer and more durably effective treatment for these patients.

About FCR001

FCR001 is an investigational, allogeneic cell therapy developed by Talaris Therapeutics to induce or restore patients immune tolerance. FCR001 builds on over 30 years of research by the companys founder, Dr. Suzanne Ildstad, into the means by which durable immune tolerance can be induced in a patient who receives a transplanted organ or can be restored in patients with certain immune-mediated or blood disorders. FCR001 has received both Orphan Drug Designation and Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A Phase 3 trial of FCR001 in living donor kidney transplant recipients, FREEDOM-1, is now enrolling patients; more information can be found at: http://freedom1study.com/

About Talaris Therapeutics

Talaris Therapeutics, Inc. is a late-clinical stage biotechnology company that is developing transformative cell therapies with the potential to eliminate the burden of chronic immunosuppression for organ transplant recipients as well as induce durable remissions in patients with severe auto-immune and immune-mediated disorders. Talaris was founded on technology discovered and developed by Dr. Suzanne Ildstad and operates its own cell processing facility in Louisville, KY. Talaris is backed by leading life sciences investors Blackstone Life Sciences, Longitude Capital and Qiming Venture Partners USA and maintains corporate offices in Boston, MA and Louisville, KY. http://www.TalarisTx.com.

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FDA Approves Talaris Therapeutics' IND for Its Allogeneic Cell Therapy FCR001 to Be Evaluated in Patients With a Severe Form of Scleroderma - Business...

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Improving dairy cow reproduction through nutrition – All about feed

July 10th, 2020 3:45 am

Significant reproductive and performance benefits have been achieved in dairy cows by adding a yeast probiotic to their feed rations, according to the results from a major French trial in which the probiotic boosted conception rates and milk yields.

Dairy farmers are constantly seeking to improve cow health and welfare, reproduction rates and milk yields. Advancing cow longevity and the number of productive lactations is also important to producers as they cope with ever-tightening margins.

In addition to helping spread heifer replacement costs over a maximum number of productive years, multi-lactation cows are also more likely to reach their genetic potential than those which only calve once or twice. The highest average milk yields, for example, are routinely achieved after the 3rd lactation.

Supplementing dairy cow diets with the yeast probiotic not only improves milk production and milk solids but also boosts dairy cow fertility and may contribute to greater longevity. Photo: Shutterstock

The increasing use of beef genetics on dairy farms is another rising trend, designed to boost the meat value of calves born to cows which arent required to breed dairy replacements. This is only possible, however, when farmers are sure of getting strong reproduction from their best milking cows, with reproductive failure identified as the main reason otherwise valuable cows are culled early.

Good reproduction in high-yielding dairy cows results in greater lifetime milk output, more calves, lower replacement costs and lower relative breeding costs. A Dutch dairy study reported that raising reproductive performance can increase net profits by 34 to 231 per cow.

Fertility is affected by several factors, including genetics, nutrition, welfare, stress at calving, heat stress, negative energy balance and so on. This is the context, therefore, in which adding probiotics to diets could help improve overall cow health and may have a positive effect on reproductive performance.

Trial results show that supplementing dairy cows during transition with the yeast probiotic Actisaf Sc 47, significantly reduces inflammatory markers around calving and BHBA blood levels. It also appears to increase feed intake before and after calving. Given that negative energy balance and systemic inflammation around calving can seriously affect future fertility rates, its estimated that supplementing diets with yeast probiotics may help improve reproductive performance.

To further assess the reproductive impact on dairy cows of supplementing diets with a yeast probiotic, the animal genetics and reproduction technologies group, Gnes Diffusion, and the animal care company, Phileo by Lesaffre, carried out a large-scale study involving approximately 2,500 dairy cows. Spread across 14 French farms and conducted over 3 years, the study involved probiotic supplementation being given to lactating cows, mixed into their daily ration, at a rate of 5g per cow.

Study results revealed statistical differences in production and reproduction, with supplemented multiparous cows achieving significantly higher artificial insemination success rate at first insemination (36% vs 31%) (Figure 1) and significantly lower number of inseminations per pregnancy (2.7 vs 3.1) than cows in a non-supplemented reference period covering the previous 2 years (Figure 2).

There was also an increase in milk fat and protein yields (2,246 vs 2,360g/d) in supplemented cows and an extra 1.5 litres per cow per day of increased milk production.

The study concluded that supplementing dairy cow diets with the yeast probiotic not only improves milk production and milk solids but also boosts dairy cow fertility and may contribute to greater longevity. As for the cost benefits of supplementation, the calculated return on investment (ROI) from using the probiotic during the study period, was 6:1.

Authors: Mohamed Mammeri, PhD, Global Product Manager, Phileo by Lesaffre & Valentin Nenov, PhD, Global Ruminant Manager, Phileo by Lesaffre.

References are available from the author on request

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The challenge of improving Americas eyesight on issues of race and equity – The Dallas Morning News

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

The fervor for justice that engulfed Americas streets after the killing of George Floyd generated new hope for a change of heart in how white America sees Black America. Yet despite the understandable optimism, there are ample reasons for caution.

As New York Times columnist Charles Blow suggested, converting good intentions into actions that thwart systemic racism begs a kind of empathetic vision white America has typically found in short supply.

In his seminal 1952 novel Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison describes the critical defect: it involves the construction of peoples inner eyes, those eyes with which they look through their physical eyes upon reality. When a white person perceives a Black person, Ellisons narrator says, they see only figments of their imagination.

This matter of vision presents a challenge for those of us training the journalists of tomorrow. The problem begins with the crafts vaunted role of reporting our world objectively, since objectivity often boils down to unquestioned norms in the eye of the beholder. And as Kathleen McElroy, my colleague at the University of Texas at Austin, put it in a recent email: the concept has been used to further other journalists from marginalized groups. We should teach our students to be accurate, fair, fully dimensional and empathetic. Hear, hear.

Where to find inspiration to meet the moment? In my case, Ive drawn motivation from an unforgettable teacher who devoted himself to helping students look at the world around them to see where justice isnt but ought to be.

Ben Yorita taught social studies at Franklin High School in Seattle when I was a senior there in that other tumultuous year of 1968, with its murders of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy and violent collisions in the streets over racial injustice and the war in Vietnam. It was hard, as it is now, to see the future for the chaos.

Franklin harbored a somewhat unique blind spot. A big multiracial, multiethnic school, it was a rarity for its time, with its generous mix of white, Black, Asian and Latinx students. Its halls rang with aspirational energy. African Americans had been elected student body president two years running. Yet racial tensions few could clearly see threatened to shred that remarkable fabric.

Mr. Yorita saw what others couldnt. Youre sitting on a keg of gunpowder and you dont even know it, he told us one day, as we gabbled about the upcoming senior prom. My classmates and I had grown up with TV images of police billy-clubbing Black freedom-marchers or blasting them with firehoses, but pride in our diversity, it was widely held, offered immunity from such strife.

Mr. Yorita was no stranger to hard-to-see dangers. As a college student of Japanese heritage at the University of Washington, he was out for a Sunday drive in December 1941 when the Japanese Imperial Navy bombed Pearl Harbor.

We didnt have the radio on and didnt know about the attack, he told an interviewer in later years, but we knew something was wrong because of all the dirty looks Caucasians gave us. Usually they looked right through us as if we didnt exist.

Within a few of months, the new scrutiny had sent Mr. Yorita and his family to one of the internment camps that dotted the western states where 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, the large majority of them American citizens, would spend the war years behind barbed wire.

Mr. Yorita had known the sting of racism, but he was blindsided by the cruelty with which white America and hysterical politicians turned on his community as a national security threat. When it came to teaching, his sharp intellect and largeness of spirit allowed him to show that racism and injustice make up a kind of permanent pandemic affecting large swaths of people whose skin color or cultural or religious values differ from their dominant societies.

Little wonder Mr. Yorita focused us on the evolving civil rights movement. We read John Howard Griffins Black Like Me, the story of a white author who underwent skin treatments to travel the South as a black man. An eye-opener in its day, the bestseller often gave white readers their first inkling that far from Black people exaggerating their plight, as was an article of white belief, they were living it on a daily basis.

But it was Ellisons Invisible Man that, for me, spoke to chaotic times. I remember stopping on this passage and reading it over and over: And the mind that has conceived a plan of living must never lose sight of the chaos against which that pattern was conceived. That goes for societies as well as for individuals.

At Franklin, the flashpoint came when some 100 activist students bottled up the principal in his office demanding the reinstatement of Black classmates who had been arbitrarily suspended. But it was also a matter of visibility. They wanted to see themselves represented in the creation of a Black history course, the hiring of an African American administrator, and portraits of Black leaders to be displayed in school alongside Benjamin Franklin and George Washington.

The sit-in, the first of its kind in Seattle, unnerved the citys white establishment. Police arrested several of the organizers and a long court fight ensued, but the event did prompt changes at Franklin and helped fuel a broader push for racial justice.

The suddenness of events had taken Franklins diverse student body by surprise, as people headed for the exits and police swarmed. How could our friends do this to us? I remember a classmate saying plaintively.

I was as much a hostage to magical thinking as anyone. The one white player on our basketball teams otherwise Black starting five, I could, in some respects, see what others couldnt. Teammates included sons of established working-class families and of middle-class professionals. Others let details slip in the locker room about hard lives in public housing.

I saw how racism could lurk behind Seattle nice. One afternoon our team huddled in a visitors locker room staring at the N-word scrawled on the chalkboard in a message ordering us to go home. Taking the floor in righteous indignation we pulverized the opposing team. Some of that anger helped us cop the city high school basketball championship, the holy grail for an inner-city school.

For all that, I was at a loss to see the depth of discomfort and pain that troubled the lives and friendships I prized. My objective working-class view, that hard work and overcoming differences inevitably lead to good results, was unsupported by the realities my teammates knew and I didnt.

It was the kind of white innocence James Baldwin wrote of in his magisterial 1963 book The Fire Next Time: Many of them, indeed, know better, but people find it very difficult to act on what they know. To act is to be committed, and the danger, in the minds of most white Americans, is the loss of their identity.

Gentle, rigorous, Mr. Yorita worked to prod our sense of identity and unrecognized privilege. Revelations that go against magical thinking can cut like a knife: thats why we avoid them at all costs. What motivates the Mr. Yoritas of this world is the knowledge that not to try to move the unseeing majority marks the road to further division and calamity.

Today, Ben, as I can call him now, is 98 and living in retirement. When I phoned him recently to say hello, he sized things up in the pithy style I remember from a half-century ago. The outcry over police brutality will bring measured reforms, he said, but after all these years, We havent even got to the core of the matter.

Its a matter of seeing with those inner eyes of ours that, as Ben says, Were all human beings.

Tracy Dahlby is a journalism professor at the University of Texas at Austin. He wrote this column for The Dallas Morning News.

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Eyesight Technologies: SAFE Act brings driver monitoring regulations to forefront on US Transportation conversation – Automotive World

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

Eyesight Technologies, an AI computer vision solutions leader, reacted today after Senators Edward Markey (D-Mass.) and Richard Blumenthal (D- Conn.) introduced the Stay Aware For Everyone (SAFE) Act of 2020 to the United States Congress as part of four bills to reduce accidents and improve automotive safety.

Accounting for an estimated 80% of all car accidents and 25% of accident-related fatalities, distracted driving is one of the greatest threats on the road today. The SAFE act will require the United States Department of Transportation to conduct research into the use of Driver Monitoring Solutions (DMS) to reduce accidents, driver disengagement, and driver complacency due to automation. The bill would also require the department to issue a final ruling to mandate the installation of driver monitoring systems in all new passenger vehicles within two years of the ruling.

The SAFE Act is a major breakthrough for automobile safety in the United States, said David Tolub, CEO of Eyesight Technologies. With the EU already mandating the need for DMS and vital ADAS by 2022, the SAFE Act is the first time the United States government has moved on this level to look at how technology can protect drivers from the danger of distractions and drowsiness behind the wheel. DMS alongside ADAS are crucial to keeping our roads safe and Eyesight Technologies is committed to bringing these technologies together for that purpose.

Eyesight Technologies has created three main solutions related to driver and passenger safety and experience inside the vehicle. Driver Sense, the companys driver monitoring system (DMS), utilizes AI and computer vision to detect signs of driver drowsiness or distraction, as well as monitoring for dangerous actions such as the improper wearing of a seatbelt, holding of a cellphone and smoking behind the wheel. Fleet Sense is the companys aftermarket solution, providing driver monitoring solutions for fleets and telematics system providers. Finally, Cabin Sense, the companys occupancy monitoring system, monitors the cars interior, including passengers and objects left behind, to create a safer and personalized in-car environment.

SOURCE:Eyesight

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28 of the best cycling sunglasses protect your eyes from sun, crud and flying bugs – road.cc

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

Why wear cycling sunglasses? Besides looking good (or goofy, eye of the beholder and all that), cycling sunglasses shield your eyes from bright sunlight and harmful UV rays, and also offer protection from the wind, rain, dust, grit and bugs that can impair your vision.

Cycling eyewear's not just for looking cool; it protects your eyes from harmful UV light and flying insects, dust and other crud.

Cycling sunglasses usually cover more of your face than fashion eyewear for better protection, and use tougher lenses.

Many manufacturers offer interchangeable lenses so you can tailor your cycling sunglasses for the conditions.

Photochromic lenses automatically darken in bright sunlight so you can use the same glasses in a range of conditions.

Need prescription cycling sunglasses? Most top eyewear makers offer them; ask your optometrist.

What should you look for in a pair of cycling sunglasses? Well they differ from regular sunglasses in that they have a wraparound design so they sit closer to your face. The frames are usually thinner and they're made from lightweight and durable materials, and the lenses are lighter too, typically shatterproof and they come in a vast rainbow of tints to suit different lighting conditions.

> On a budget? Read our roundup of the best cheap cycling sunglasses with glasses from 9.49> Looking for a bargain? We've found half a dozen great deals where retailers have cut up to 61% off their glasses.

Fit is the key criterion when choosing a new pair of cycling sunglasses. They need to be comfortable with no pinch points or excessive tightness, and they need to sit close to your face and not obscure your vision. Some manufacturers offer sunglasses in a narrow design or a women-specific fit, but the vast majority of cycling sunglasses are unisex with a one-size-fits-all design. For that reason, it's always a good idea to try some on before you buy and choose the glasses with the best fit.

Fit can sometimes be adjusted to preference. Some cycling sunglasses have adjustable arms and nosepieces that can tailor the fit, and some have interchangeable rubber parts that can customise the fit even further. You want the sunglasses to be stable so they dont bounce around or slip forward. The rubber contact points will help the glasses stay put when you sweat a lot. Generally, a sign of good fit is that you forget you're wearing them when you're cycling.

Arms can be flexible or rigid, Most are covered with a rubber material to grip your head and stop them moving about. When you're trying on a pair of glasses, it's worth doing so with your helmet on, as some glasses can foul the straps and retention systems of some helmets. The nose piece can either be fixed or adjustable, some glasses come with several differently sized rubber nosepieces so you can get the fit just right.

Lenses come in a huge range of tints and colours from dark black to protect your eyes in bright sunlight, to yellow for boosting contrast in poor light. Clear lenses are good for riding at night. There's now so much choice that it can be a little bewildering picking the right lenses for the particular conditions.

You need to choose a lens that matches your riding requirements. Many cycling sunglasses have a fixed lens, so you're stuck with whatever lens come with the sunglasses. Cycling sunglasses with interchangeable lenses are common these days, and very popular, for good reason. Choose a pair of glasses with several sets of lenses and you are going to be prepared for most typical cycling conditions.

Some manufacturers make photochromic lenses that get lighter or darker according to the conditions, but the range they offer is more limited at present than specific lenses, but can be a useful and appealing alternative if you don't want to have to worry about changing lenses.

Some lenses are vented or have an anti-fogging coating to help reduce fogging when you sweat. Some manufacturers apply a hydrophobic coating to help rain run off the glasses. You also want to make sure the lens has UVA and UVB protection. Some cycling sunglasses offer a prescription option, either with the sunglasses lenses made to your prescription or with clip-in lenses behind.

The price you can expect to pay for cycling sunglasses varies hugely. What does paying more money get you? The biggest difference is in the lens. The best cycling sunglasses boast very high quality optics that provide exceptional clarity, and you often have a wider range of tints to choose from.

The extra money often gets you a lighter weight frame and often more fit adjustment. You can expect extras like spare lenses to suit different conditions, hard-shell cases to store them in as well as soft fabric bags cleaning the lenses and storing the glasses when they're not in use.

Lets not forget that as well as performance, cycling sunglasses are also a fashion item, and looks are an important consideration for many. Cycling sunglasses are available in a massive range of designs and colours and there's something for all tastes and styles. But we'll leave that bit to you.

The Flywheel from Smith Optics are retro/modern-looking sunglasses featuring Smith's own tinted ChromaPop lenses. Theyre light, comfy and give excellent coverage for riding. Although downsides are few, the lens isnt interchangeable, meaning they're only really useful for spring and summer.

These semi-framed glasses are made from a very flexy thermoplastic (TR90) and feature auto-lock hinges and adjustable two-position nose pads. The pads are hydrophilic, by which Smith mean they stay grippy instead of getting slippery as the sweat starts flowing.

The lens uses Smith's ChromaPop technology, which filters two wavelengths of light the company claims 'cause colour confusion.' The aim is to boost your ability to see clearly, and the darkened lens gets a hydroleophobic coating to further help things.

Read our review of the Smith Optics Flywheel glasses

The 100% S3 MAAPs are lovely big sunglasses that provide excellent coverage and great clarity. They're comfortable to wear and secure on the face, though the style won't be for everyone. Big glasses are getting very common, especially among younger riders, and the S3 is a great example of why the increase in size is great for cycling.

The size of the lens means there is no frame getting in the way of your view. This is great for racing and bunch riding as you still get unimpeded lines of sight when hunched down in the drops.

Clarity on the road is really good, with a nice amount of contrast boost to make the world look much nicer on a grey day. The most challenging conditions for sunnies is bright sunlight after heavy rain, as this causes a lot of glare. The S3 deals with these conditions brilliantly: while the road was still bright, I was easily able to see potholes.

Read our review of the 100% S3 MAAP glasses

The very good quality Julbo Rush Reactiv sunglasses have a quick-reacting photochromic lens and are comfortable to wear, while offering a great field of vision. You can buy cheaper, but they hold their own in expensive company.

Like most things in the road cycling world, fashion heavily dictates what sunglasses we are wearing, and at the moment everything is getting bigger. The Rush Reactivs follow that trend.

The clarity of the Julbo's lens is very good, with no distortion as it curves around your face, and there's no refraction from car headlights when wearing the glasses in the dark.

The Reactiv lens found on this model is photochromic, so it reacts to changes in the amount of light outside. With a light transmission rate of between 12% to 87% this natural coloured lens with a smoked tint when activated is spot on for year-round use, whether day or night.

Read our review of the Julbo Rush Reactiv glasses

Galibier's Surveillance Precision Optics glasses offer excellent all-round vision for a full-framed pair of shades. They're lightweight and very comfortable to wear, and they're flipping cheap too.

On test we've had two of the three available options of Surveillance glasses, the Matt Black with Smoke Plasma Mirror lens (37), and the TortoiseShell frame with a Gold Plasma Lens (42). If you want a polarised lens then this is available in a Gloss White frame, also 42.

Both Plasma lenses are designed to be used in medium to bright light, with the black framed option offering truer colour perception in sunny conditions, while the Gold version on the TortoiseShell has a coating to increase contrast by filtering blue light and reduce glare. Both work brilliantly with really clear optics and no distortion whatsoever.

Read our review of the Galibier Surveillance Precision Optics glasses

With little to no fogging, good eye coverage and an unobstructed field of vision, Rockrider's XC Race Photochromatic glasses deliver a strong performance for their low price. The light-sensitive tinting works really well too, which is good it saves you using the flimsy lens-swapping mechanism.

At 39g, the XC Races are barely noticeable thermonuclear colouring aside once on. Coupled with an unrestricted view, they're a very unobtrusive bit of kit once in action. The only time I did notice them was, in fact, thanks to the neon yellow nose piece catching my eye, and there isn't another colour frame option in the range that is still photochromatic.

Rubber grippers at the ends of the arms and across the nose keep them firmly in place, wet or dry. More impressive is their resistance to fogging up, even when provoked. They can cloud over on slow, steep climbs in mild and damp conditions, but clear quickly once you move a bit faster.

Read our review of the RockRider XC Race Photochromatic sunglasses

The Rudy Project Defenders are an impressive pair of glasses, with the photochromic lens especially impressive in changeable conditions. They provide great protection, but the price will put some off.

Photochromic lenses have become increasingly popular in recent years, but can suffer by being slow to change. With the Rudy Project Defenders, changes happen rapidly enough that you don't instantly feel plunged into darkness, but equally don't leave you feeling like you're staring directly at the sun.

They go from essentially non-prescription clear lenses to dark black, and adjust to every light between, meaning you can always maintain a clear view of what's on the road in front of you. They also have impressive clarity and strong peripheral vision, despite being full frame glasses.

Read our review of the Rudy Project Defender ImpactX Photochromic 2

With fashion dictating that cycling shades return to the ski goggle shapes and sizes of the 90s, the Boll Shifter glasses are bang on trend, but they aren't form over function thanks to excellent visibility and sharp optics. Even though they are a fully framed pair of glasses, not one part of it gets in the way of your eyesight.

The lens wraps further round the side of your eye than most glasses with a frame, which means that when glancing over your shoulder or looking left or right you have full visibility. You can see the frame but it's positioned just far enough out of your line of sight.

Read our review of the Boll ShifterFind a Boll dealer

Decathlon's Rockrider ST 100 glasses previously known as Orao Arenberg are light, comfortable and cost less than a coffee and slice of cake. If you can put up with the inevitable 'safety glasses, aren't they?' jibes, you're quids in over the eye-candy brigade.

The ST100sare available with clear lenses, and also a yellow and a grey for overcast/foggy and bright weather respectively. All three are made from 100% UV-blocking impact-resistant polycarbonate.

Read our review of the Rockrider ST 100 glassesFind a Decathlon store

These are good value with clear, scratch-resistant lenses, and the ergonomic shape provides a particularly wrapped feel. The lenses have been treated to make them perfectly smooth to allow any water to slide off, keeping your vision clear.

You can also get them with polarising lenses, which help reduce glare from reflective surfaces, for 22.99.

Read our review of the Northwave Predator

A really popular model, these DArc glasses have a classic half-frame wraparound design and theyre supplied with three lenses to suit different conditions. They have a single lens design for maximum protection and the frame is coated with a rubberised material to provide a comfortable and non-slip fit.

Find a Madison dealer

These offer great style and impressive value for money, and the lightweight Grilamid plastic has a good degree of flex to allow them to fit different head sizes. The hinges have a nice smooth action and the rubber nosepiece is adjustable. A nine-layer coating gives the MLC blue tinted polycarbonate lens (pictured) great contrast in a range of lighting conditions, and the lenses are relatively easy to swap.

Read our review of the BBB Select Sport glassesFind a BBB dealer

The Tifosi Dolomites 2.0 are a strongly performing pair of glasses that allow for a good level of ventilation around the nose and ears, without being too breezy. We found that the lenses were both easy to fit and secure in the sturdy frame.

We've generally been impressed with Tifosi glasses; they're usually very good quality for their modest price. If the Dolomites don't quite float your boat take a look at the Radius FC glasses and the Talos model.

Read our review of the Tifosi Dolomite 2.0 sunglassesFind a Tifosi dealer

Lightweight, comfortable glasses with two lenses and a hard case included in the sensible price. The lightweight frame is made from a Grilamid material. You notice the lack of bulk when you first extract them from the hard case. You get two lenses in the hard case, a tinted multi-layer mirror coating lens and a low-light orange lens.

Read our review of the Salice 011 RW sunglasses

The Tifosi Davos Interchangeable Lens glasses offer good clarity, a wide field of vision and decent venting, although it would be nice if changing the lenses was a little less fiddly. Nevertheless, they're well made, and light.

When conditions are changeable it's important to have glasses that can adapt to the different lighting while also having good venting. The Davos, with their three lenses, are a good option. There are three colours included in the package: clear, AC red and smoke. These are each made of Grilamid TR-90, which according to Tifosi offers high resistance to chemical and UV damage, high alternative bend strength, and low density.

Read our review of the Tifosi Optics Davos glassesFind a Tifosi dealer

Although BBB's BSG-50 Summits are mid-range models, they're really good glasses and pack in a number of innovative features. One of the most important, and one that BBB is keen to promote, is the ease with which the lenses can be switched. In fact they excel here; aside from the high-end hinged Oakleys, they are one of the simplest to change that we have used.

It's good because you get three different lens colours with the glasses, with varying degrees of protection: full mirrored, yellow and clear. These lenses work really well and we were particularly impressed by their anti-fogging qualities, which works through a combination of anti-fog coating and very impressive ventilation on the top and sides of the lenses.

They're also available with photochromic lenses for about 110.

Read our review of the BBB Summit glassesFind a BBB dealer

Lazer's Walter full frame glasses offer very good performance and a certain amount of dashing '80s style. Because of that they've become a bit of a favourite.

Shape-wise, and with their full-frame, single-lens design, these Lazer glasses bear more than a passing resemblance to Oakley's Pilot Eyeshades of the mid '80s. They don't have the sweat-catching brow strip, but that always used to fall off anyway. They're a bit more angular, too, and not as big, but they certainly have a retro kind of a feel.

There's nothing retro about the materials or construction, though. The polycarbonate frame is light and tough, with adjustable, rubberised ear and nose pieces that make getting a good fit very simple.

The Walters come with three lenses. There's a low-transmission semi-mirrored lens for sun, a high-contrast lens for overcast conditions, and a clear lens for night-time. All three have a hydrophobic coating which is very effective: the water beads on the surface very well and taking them off and tapping them on the handlebar clears most of the rain.

Read our review of the Lazer WaltersFind a Lazer dealer

The NRC X1RR Blackshadow glasses certainly look the business with their gold details and lenses, and thankfully they deliver top drawer performance and comfort too.

The lens is made by Zeiss and it has done a very good job as I couldn't find a single flaw in them. There is no loss of sharpness, wherever you move your eyes, and thanks to having no actual frame your field of vision is completely unobstructed, allowing you to see everything that is happening in front and to the side of you.

Read our review of the NRC X1RR Blackshadow glassesFind an NRC Eyewear dealer

They're a shade expensive compared to some other manufacturer's light-reactive shades, but the Julbo Aerospeed photochromic sunglasses are a sophisticated and very well-made set of sports glasses. The lenses automatically adjust to changing light and offer CAT 1-3 ratings for ultra-violet protection. Better still, should a lens, arm or similar component break, replacements are readily available.

The lenses are made from NXT, a plastic originally developed for helicopter windscreens. Aside from being light and shatterproof it has the lowest distortion of any plastic so there's no bending of light or warped vision. Since the lens is cast, and so takes longer to produce than an injected type, this increases the cost.

The reactive element is activated by ultra-violet light and will steadily darken, from clear to a dark shade, in around 15 seconds. This is also cast into the lens, so cannot scratch, or otherwise deteriorate. The other features are pretty much what you'd expect from high-end sports sunglasses. The inside and outsides feature anti-fogging and water-repelling (hydrophobic) treatments and the frame is made from Rilsan G85 polyamide and features silicone grippers for a secure, unobtrusive fit.

Read our review of the Julbo Aerospeed photochromicFind a Julbo dealer

With an RRP of 139.99, the Pro Escalate FSH glasses set is the most expensive that Tifosi makes; the company is better known for its good quality mid-range riding specs. It's a really good set though: there are three frame options, six lenses and a nice case to keep them all in.

FSH stands for Full, Shield and Half, and that's what you get: a full frame, a shield frame where the lens itself is the frame and a half frame. Well, you don't get the three whole frames, there's just one pair of Grillamid TR90 plastic arms that snap onto whichever front you fancy wearing.

Read our review of the Tifosi Pro Escalate FSHFind a Tifosi dealer

The BZ Optics PHO Fluro Yellow Frame with Photochromic Bi Focal Lens is a fully featured item of sports eyewear, for people who need bi-focal assistance in all conditions from darkness to bright glare. For 99.99 with interchangeable lenses, they're a pretty good pair of goggles in their own right.

At first glance the PHOs look like any other pair of cycling glasses, albeit clear ones if seen indoors the first time. Clear lenses always run the risk of resembling safety specs, and in this regard the PHOs aren't wide of the mark particularly in fluorescent yellow ('graphite' and white are also available).

The near-ubiquitous design of a single top frame facilitates the changing of lenses, done via a nifty wee grey clip at the temple that pivots out to unlock things. We must confess we wore the PHOs for a month before realising the lenses could be removed, the mechanism is so well hidden and its hold on the lens so secure. Additional lenses are available in photochromic non-prescription and with a 'blue mirror' finish, and of course as a replacement should you damage the original lens. The 'Reader' lens with the bifocal bit is available in +1.5, +2 and +2.5 powers.

Read our review of the BZ Optics PHO Bi-focal Photochromic GlassesFind a BZ Optics dealer

These Rudy Project Fotonyk cycling sunglasses are perfect for riding any time of the year thanks to their photochromic lenses changing from clear to dark in reaction to lighting levels. With great optics, comfort and not the slightest hint of fogging, they are a joy to wear.

We did the bulk of our testing of these in winter, perhaps the toughest time of the year to choose which glasses you're going to stick on for the ride, leaving and arriving home in the dark but with that whole sunrise/daylight/sunset thing going on in between. This is where the Fotonyks come into play with their ability to become all-rounders; they're suitable for practically every eventuality.

The first thing you notice is the clarity of the lenses. Our tester swapped mid-ride from POC Blades to the Fotonyks and the difference was noticeable, the Rudy Projects being so much clearer and sharper. Even as the lenses curve around your face there is no distortion at all.

Read our review of the Rudy Project Fotonyk Black Matte GlassesFind a Rudy Project dealer

Aerodynamic fairings on a pair of cycling sunglasses? Yep, the Boll 6th Sense are about as pro as you can get, especially with our test set being in AG2R La Mondiale colours. It isn't all about gimmicks, though, as these glasses are seriously good.

The big lens of the 6th Sense has a retro look to it, harking back to visors of the Nineties, but as far as technology goes they are bang up to date.

The frame is practically non-existent, which is something we like. There is nothing worse than crouching down in the drops or doing a quick shoulder check to find that there is a piece of plastic in your line of sight. The 6th Sense offer a massive field of vision without you even moving your head.

Read our review of the Boll 6th Sense glassesFind a Boll dealer

Oakley's Jawbreaker Prizm Road glasses were developed in collaboration with Mark Cavendish, a sprinter renowned for his very low head position when racing for the line. Usually for the win. The downside to that sort of aggressive position is that the top of the frame on most cycling glasses obscures your line of sight, and the result is usually a sore neck from craning to see under or over the frame.

With the Jawbreakers, Oakley sought to increase the upward field of view. The result is that the top of the frame is much higher than most other eyewear we have ever tested. There's very little intrusion into your vision. It's very impressive. Get your chin down on the stem and assume an aggressive position, as you would when racing or time trialling, and the top of the frame really doesn't intrude into your vision at all.

Read our review of the Oakley Jawbreaker Prizm

Optilabs is a Croydon-based specialist sports optician that offers a range of eyewear, all of which are available with prescription lenses. They all offer 100% UV protection.

Read our review of the Optilabs Switch glasses

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28 of the best cycling sunglasses protect your eyes from sun, crud and flying bugs - road.cc

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Global Automotive Recognition System Market Projected to Reach USD XX.XX billion by 2025- CogniVue, EyeSight Technologies, Intel, Qualcomm, Gestsure…

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

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This study covers following key players:CogniVueEyeSight TechnologiesIntelQualcommGestsure TechnologiesMicrosoftSoftKineticElliptic LaboratoriesHarman InternationalVisteon Corporation

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Market segment by Type, the product can be split into Hand/Leg/Finger Print RecognitionFace RecognitionVision/Eye Recognition

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Global Automotive Recognition System Market Projected to Reach USD XX.XX billion by 2025- CogniVue, EyeSight Technologies, Intel, Qualcomm, Gestsure...

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Global Gesture Control Interfaces Market Projected to Reach USD XX.XX billion by 2025- GestureTek, Gestigon, Leap Gesture, EyeSight Technologies,…

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

This research report studies and gauges through the current market forces that replicate growth trajectory and holistic growth trends.

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This study covers following key players:GestureTekGestigonLeap GestureEyeSight TechnologiesThalmic LabsIntelApple4tiitooLogbarPointGrabNimble VRApotact LabsArcSoft

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Market segment by Type, the product can be split into Wearable BasedVision BasedInfrared BasedElectric Field BasedUltrasonic Based

Market segment by Application, split into Consumer ElectronicsAutomotiveGaming and EntertainmentHealthcareDefenseOthers

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Global Gesture Control Interfaces Market Projected to Reach USD XX.XX billion by 2025- GestureTek, Gestigon, Leap Gesture, EyeSight Technologies,...

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There shouldn’t be a price tag on the right to sight – IOL

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

By Reneva Fourie Jul 6, 2020

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I am supposed to rest my eyes, but my eyes are refusing to remain closed, because they can see clearly for the first time.

I was born with a sight impairment. I thought that spectacles (and later contact lenses) had enabled me to enjoy perfect vision despite the impairment. I was wrong. Having had intraocular surgery in Damascus, Syria, everything is so vivid, that it appears abnormally large. The cost was a fraction of the price that South Africans pay for normal laser surgery.

During the month of June, the lenses in my eyes were removed and replaced with synthetic, multi-focal, intraocular lenses. The lenses were designed to address my inherent short-sightedness (myopia) as well as the normal retinal degeneration that human beings naturally develop as they age. It is anticipated that I will now have perfect vision for the rest of my life.

I had to have one eye done at a time, with two weeks between the operations. Although it has barely been a week since my second eye operation; my eyes have been at work ever since their implantation. Despite strict instructions to steer clear of activities that will strain them, all efforts to close them and focus on other things have been impossible as the difference in quality of life is overwhelming.

Only people with sight challenges will understand. Seeing is a tiring and stressful exercise for those who are visually impaired, no matter how mild. It requires tremendous effort, attention, and focus. The consequences are multi-fold. There are endless headaches. Your eyes tire easily so you always feel a need to rest them. And of course, you try and avoid things that require good eyesight because looking is simply exhausting.

One of the things that you avoid, is being around people too much.Depending on the degree of impairment, you cannot see people clearly unless they are right in front of you. And while one learns to recognise those closest to you by using other means, it takes a while to become accustomed to new people; and so you avoid people in general to save yourself the embarrassment of appearing arrogant.

Then, you always have bruises. You are always bumping into or falling over things, whether you are wearing spectacles or not and consequently the label of being clumsy develops and is internalised. Academically you develop an excellent memory because half the time you battle to figure out what was written on the board. Personally, I had almost no vision at night, and having to move anywhere beyond my bed always made me feel extremely insecure.

If those were my experiences, and I had forty percent of my sight, which is regarded as moderate visual acuity, I cannot even imagine what life must be like for those with severe visual acuity and those who are blind. According to the World Health Organisation (2018) at least 2.2 billion people have a vision impairment or blindness. More than a million South Africans are recorded as sight disabled. Eyecare however, is not an integral part of South Africas health care system.

About a decade ago, I explored undergoing a laser operation on my eyes. Despite belonging to a top-of-the-range medical aid, the medical aid refused to cover the costs because the operation was regarded as cosmetic. The price quoted at the time was more than I could afford. Laser operations in South Africa remain accessible only to an exclusive group. Multi-focal intraocular surgery is accessible to an even smaller group. In Syria, a far-more sophisticated operation than laser surgery cost me less than the quote given to me back then for the laser surgery.

Laser operations in Syria are common. Intraocular surgery in Syria is common. Everyone who needs it, have their eyes fixed, when they reach the appropriate age. The right to sight is a norm and, consequently, eyecare forms an integral part of the public health system. Public health care in Syria is free and even private healthcare is much more affordable than it is in South Africa.

South Africa has far-reaching legislation to accommodate persons living with disabilities. The obliteration of that which causes the disability, however, requires further discourse and effort. Given that the costs of eradication are far less than the costs of maintenance; and the tremendous improvement in quality of life, the highest consideration should be given to ensuring that the latest technology be made available and accessible to all those whom it can assist, regardless of income.

As the country prepares for the implementation of the National Health Insurance, it is important that eyecare forms an integral part of the services that will be provided. The right to sight is not a luxury; it is not cosmetic; it is an imperative.

* Reneva Fourie is a policy analyst specialising in governance, development and security and currently resides in Damascus, Syria.

** The views expressed here are not necessarily those of IOL.

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FDA Approves Expanded BOTOX (onabotulinumtoxinA) Label for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Spasticity – PRNewswire

July 10th, 2020 2:50 am

NORTH CHICAGO, Ill., July 9, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Allergan, an AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) company, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) that supports expanded use of BOTOX for the treatment of spasticity in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older, including those with lower limb spasticity caused by cerebral palsy.

This label expansion is based on Allergan and another manufacturer selectively waiving orphan exclusivity marketing rights each company held for the use of their respective neurotoxins in the treatment of pediatric patients with spasticity caused by cerebral palsy. BOTOX was first approved in June 2019 for the treatment of pediatric patients with upper limb spasticity and in October 2019 for the treatment of pediatric patients with lower limb spasticity, excluding spasticity caused by cerebral palsy. BOTOX has not been shown to improve upper extremity functional abilities, or range of motion at a joint affected by a fixed contracture.

Spasticity is a debilitating neurological condition involving muscle stiffness that can result in tight muscles in the upper and lower limbs. The severity can range from mild to severe, often interfering with normal muscular movement and function. This can result in delayed or impaired motor development, as well as difficulty with posture and positioning. Common causes of spasticity in children include cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and stroke.

"Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of pediatric spasticity, which can have a profound impact on a child's development and quality of life. With its established safety and efficacy profile, we are pleased that BOTOX can now more broadly support physicians treating pediatric spasticity," said Mitchell F. Brin, M.D., Senior Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer, BOTOX & Neurotoxins, AbbVie."Building upon our 30 years of research and development efforts with BOTOX, our commitment to neurotoxin innovation continues, and it is particularly rewarding to bring forth new treatments to advance care for pediatric patients."

The safety and efficacy of BOTOX as treatment for lower limb spasticity for pediatric patients is supported by a Phase 3 study with more than 300 patients two to 17 years of age with lower limb spasticity because of cerebral palsy. These trials included a 12-week, double-blind study and a one-year open-label extension study.

Allergan is committed to providing resources and services, such as the BOTOX Savings Program, to help ensure BOTOX is accessible and affordable to patients.

About BOTOX

BOTOX is one of the most widely researched medications in the world, with a proven history as a therapeutic agent.1 First approved by the FDA in 1989 for two rare eye muscle disorders blepharospasm and strabismus in adults, BOTOX was the world's first approved botulinum toxin type A treatment. Today, BOTOX is FDA-approved for 11 therapeutic indications, including Chronic Migraine, overactive bladder, leakage of urine (incontinence) due to overactive bladder caused by a neurologic condition, cervical dystonia, spasticity, and severe underarm sweating (axillary hyperhidrosis). Backed by strong science and continuous innovation, BOTOX proudly embraces its past while boldly looking to the future.

BOTOX(onabotulinumtoxinA) ImportantInformation

IndicationsBOTOXis aprescriptionmedicinethatisinjectedintomuscles andused:

BOTOX is also injected into the skin to treat the symptoms of severe underarm sweating (severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis) when medicines used on the skin (topical) do not work well enough in people 18 years and older.

Itis notknownwhether BOTOXissafeor effectivetopreventheadaches in patientswithmigraine whohave14orfewer headachedays eachmonth (episodicmigraine).

BOTOXhasnotbeenshowntohelppeopleperformtask-specific functions withtheir upper limbsor increasemovementinjointsthatare permanentlyfixedinpositionbystiffmuscles.

Itis notknownwhether BOTOXis safeor effectivefor severe sweating anywhere other thanyour armpits.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

BOTOXmaycause serioussideeffects that can belifethreatening.Get medicalhelp right awayifyou haveanyoftheseproblemsanytime(hours toweeks) afterinjection ofBOTOX:

There has not been a confirmed serious case of spread of toxin effect away from the injection site when BOTOX has been used at the recommended dose to treat chronic migraine, severe underarm sweating, blepharospasm, or strabismus.

BOTOXmaycauseloss ofstrengthor general muscleweakness,vision problems,ordizziness withinhours toweeksoftakingBOTOX.If this happens,do notdriveacar,operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities.

Do not receiveBOTOXifyou:are allergic to any of the ingredients in BOTOX (see Medication Guide for ingredients); had an allergic reaction to any other botulinum toxin product such as Myobloc (rimabotulinumtoxinB), Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA), orXeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA); have a skininfectionat theplannedinjectionsite.

Do not receiveBOTOXfor thetreatment of urinaryincontinenceif you:have a urinary tract infection (UTI) or cannot empty your bladder on your own and are not routinely catheterizing. Due to the risk of urinary retention (not being able to empty the bladder), only patients who are willing and able to initiate catheterization post treatment, if required, should be considered for treatment.

Patientstreatedforoveractivebladder:In clinical trials, 36 of the 552 patients had to self-catheterize for urinary retention following treatment with BOTOX compared to 2 of the 542 treated with placebo. The median duration of postinjection catheterization for these patients treated with BOTOX 100 Units (n = 36) was 63 days (minimum 1 day to maximum 214 days) as compared to a median duration of 11 days (minimum 3 days to maximum 18 days) for patients receiving placebo (n = 2). Patients with diabetes mellitus treated with BOTOX were more likely to develop urinary retention than nondiabetics.

Patientstreatedfor overactivebladder duetoneurologic disease:In clinical trials, 30.6% of patients (33/108) who were not using clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) prior to injection, required catheterization for urinary retention following treatment with BOTOX 200 Units as compared to 6.7% of patients (7/104) treated with placebo. The median duration of post-injection catheterization for these patients treated with BOTOX 200 Units (n = 33) was 289 days (minimum 1 day to maximum 530 days) as compared to a median duration of 358 days (minimum 2 days to maximum 379 days) for patients receiving placebo (n = 7). Among patients not using CIC at baseline, those with MS were more likely to require CIC post injection than those with SCI.

Thedoseof BOTOXisnot thesameas,orcomparableto, another botulinumtoxin product.

Seriousand/or immediate allergicreactionshavebeen reportedincluding itching, rash, red itchy welts, wheezing, asthma symptoms, or dizziness or feeling faint. Get medical help right away if you experience symptoms; further injection of BOTOX should be discontinued.

Tellyour doctor aboutallyour muscleornerveconditionssuch as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, myasthenia gravis, or Lambert-Eaton syndrome, as you may be at increased risk of serious side effects including difficulty swallowing and difficulty breathing from typical doses of BOTOX.

Tellyour doctor ifyou haveany breathing-related problems.Your doctor may monitor you for breathing problems during your treatment with BOTOX for spasticity or for detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition. The risk of developing lung disease in patients with reduced lung function is increased in patients receiving BOTOX.

Corneaproblemshavebeen reported.Cornea (surface of the eye) problems have been reported in some people receiving BOTOX for their blepharospasm, especially in people with certain nerve disorders. BOTOX may cause the eyelids to blink less, which could lead to the surface of the eye being exposed to air more than is usual. Tell your doctor if you experience any problems with your eyes while receiving BOTOX. Your doctor may treat your eyes with drops, ointments, contact lenses, or with an eye patch.

Bleeding behind theeyehasbeen reported.Bleeding behind the eyeball has been reported in some people receiving BOTOX for their strabismus. Tell your doctor if you notice any new visual problems while receiving BOTOX.

Bronchitisand upperrespiratorytract infections (common colds) have been reported. Bronchitis was reported more frequently in adults receiving BOTOX for upper limb spasticity. Upper respiratory infections were also reported more frequently in adults with prior breathing related problems with spasticity. In pediatric patients treated with BOTOX for upper limb spasticity, upper respiratory tract infections were reported more frequently. In pediatric patients treated with BOTOX for lower limb spasticity, upper respiratory tract infections were not reported more frequently than placebo.

Autonomicdysreflexiain patientstreated for overactivebladder dueto neurologic disease. Autonomic dysreflexia associated with intradetrusor injections of BOTOX could occur in patients treated for detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition and may require prompt medical therapy. In clinical trials, the incidence of autonomic dysreflexia was greater in patients treated with BOTOX 200 Units compared with placebo (1.5% versus 0.4%, respectively).

Tellyour doctor aboutallyour medicalconditions,includingifyou:have or have had bleeding problems; have plans to have surgery; had surgery on your face; weakness of forehead muscles; trouble raising your eyebrows; drooping eyelids; any other abnormal facial change; have symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) and are being treated for urinary incontinence (symptoms of a urinary tract infection may include pain or burning with urination, frequent urination, or fever); have problems emptying your bladder on your own and are being treated for urinary incontinence; are pregnant or plan to become pregnant (it is not known if BOTOX can harm your unborn baby); are breastfeeding or plan to (it is not known if BOTOX passes into breast milk).

Tellyour doctor aboutallthemedicinesyou take,includingprescriptionand over-the-counter medicines,vitamins,andherbal supplements.UsingBOTOXwith certainother medicines may cause serious side effects. Do not start anynew medicinesuntil you havetoldyour doctor thatyouhavereceived BOTOXin the past.

Tell your doctor if you received any other botulinum toxin product in the last 4 months; have received injections of botulinum toxin such as Myobloc,Dysport, or Xeominin the past (tell your doctor exactly which product you received); have recently received an antibiotic by injection; take muscle relaxants; take an allergy or cold medicine; take a sleep medicine; take aspirin-like products or blood thinners.

Other sideeffects ofBOTOXinclude: dry mouth, discomfort or pain at the injection site, tiredness, headache, neck pain, eye problems: double vision, blurred vision, decreased eyesight, drooping eyelids, swelling of your eyelids, dry eyes; drooping eyebrows; and upper respiratory tract infection. In people being treated for urinary incontinence other side effects include: urinary tract infection, painful urination, and/or inability to empty your bladder on your own. If you have difficulty fully emptying your bladder after receiving BOTOX, you may need to use disposable self-catheters to empty your bladder up to a few times each day until your bladder is able to start emptying again.

For moreinformationrefer totheMedicationGuideor talk withyour doctor.

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit http://www.fda.gov/medwatchor call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Please see BOTOX full Product Information including Boxed Warning and Medication Guide.

About AbbVie

AbbVie's mission is to discover and deliver innovative medicines that solve serious health issues today and address the medical challenges of tomorrow. We strive to have a remarkable impact on people's lives across several key therapeutic areas: immunology, oncology, neuroscience, eye care, virology, women's health and gastroenterology, in addition to products and services across its Allergan Aesthetics portfolio. For more information about AbbVie, please visit us at http://www.abbvie.com. Follow @abbvie on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTubeand LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statements

Some statements in this news release are, or may be considered, forward-looking statements for purposes of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "project" and similar expressions, among others, generally identify forward-looking statements. AbbVie cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, competition from other products, challenges to intellectual property, difficulties inherent in the research and development process, adverse litigation or government action, and changes to laws and regulations applicable to our industry. Additional information about the economic, competitive, governmental, technological and other factors that may affect AbbVie's operations is set forth in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of AbbVie's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.AbbVie undertakes no obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements as a result of subsequent events or developments, except as required by law.

References:

SOURCE AbbVie

abbvie.com

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FDA Approves Expanded BOTOX (onabotulinumtoxinA) Label for the Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Spasticity - PRNewswire

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The mysterious coronavirus can wreak havoc on your health. Medical care for very ill COVID-19 patients is getting better. – Taunton Daily Gazette

July 10th, 2020 2:49 am

When Dr. Carl June first heard about symptoms in seriously ill COVID-19 patients, his thoughts jumped to Emily Whitehead. Seven-year-old Emily had endured the same kind of immune over-reaction when June treated her in 2012 with an experimental therapy against her leukemia.

Her immune system went into life-threatening overdrive, just like many of those with COVID-19.

In a last-ditch effort to save Emily's life, he had given her a drug, tocilizumab, that kept his own daughter's rheumatoid arthritis under control. To everyone's surprise, the drug worked. Emily is now a normal teenager.

Tocilizumab is now one of hundreds of therapies being tested against COVID-19.

Four months ago when COVID-19 first arrived in the United States, there were no therapies shown to treat it. Doctors relied solely on what's called supportive care including intravenous fluids, fever reducers, and ventilators, those bulky machines that allow people to breathe when they can't do it anymore on their own.

Today, there are two approved therapies shown to make a difference in COVID-19, and 150 treatments and more than 50 antivirals are being tested in people.

A treatment that kept people from falling seriously ill or even needing hospitalization at all could strip the fear from the coronavirus and allow people to resume their pre-COVID-19 lives.

Once somebody develops a treatment for the virus, everything will go away, said Daniel Batlle, a kidney expert from Northwestern Medicine and professor of medicine at Northwestern University in Chicago.

Even after a vaccine is developed, treatments that save lives and prevent hospitalization will be crucial. Vaccines might not work for everyone and doses may initially be limited.

Treatments under development

The vast majority of people diagnosed with COVID-19 more than 80% will recover without the need for hospitalization or significant treatment.

For those who do require care, treatments have been evolving as researchers learn more about the coronavirus and the infection it causes, as well as the havoc it can wreak on various parts of the body.

Potential therapies being tested, experts said, fall into four major categories that are best used at different times:

Antivirals that slow or block the virus expansion in the body will be most effective early in infection, before the virus is fully established;

Convalescent plasma and antibodies that provide immune weapons to attack the virus once its established could help control infections and avoid the need for hospitalization;

Immune system modulators, most that tamp down an over-reacting immune system, will be particularly useful later in the course of disease, when the immune response rather than the virus is driving the patients condition;

Anti-coagulants that stop or slow the blood clots that can cause organ damage or stroke are also likely to be most useful in patients having a serious reaction to the virus.

But even as these different approaches are being tested, many unanswered questions and challenges remain. One is how to treat patients who might have different responses to the virus, said Dr. John Wherry, director of the institute for immunology at the Perlman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

At Penn, he and his colleagues have seen three types of patients: a large group whose immune system is over-reacting, a small group whose immune system is under-reacting, and others where the immune system is more balanced in the response.

Right now, drugs are tested on all patients without making any distinction, Wherry said. That means ones that tamp down the immune system might help patients with an over-active immune system but hurt those whose immune systems arent working hard enough, and do nothing for those with a balanced immune response.

And drugs that might be useful for patients with too little immune response might be seen as ineffective because they don't help the larger number of people with immune overreactions, he said.

Wherry said researchers are getting closer to being able to identify which patients are likely to do better with which kind of therapy. We still need to be pushing very hard and thinking very creatively about how to match treatments to the right patient, he said.

Doctors are learning other approaches simply by treating patients.

Batlle, the kidney expert, said although COVID-19 has been considered a lung disease, as many as half of patients hospitalized with severe cases also suffer acute kidney injury. Its not yet clear how many patients will be left with long-term kidney problems after recovering from severe cases of COVID-19.

We dont want to scare anybody, but kidney damage was initially under-reported, and now several studies have shown that it is extremely frequent in hospitalized patients," he said.

Treatment for acute kidney injury usually involves dialysis, which removes toxins from the blood that the kidneys can no longer address. But Batlle is hopeful treatments that address COVID-19-related inflammation and formation of blood clots will eventually reduce such injuries.

We should be better prepared to help these patients and not rely (only) on supportive care, he said.

Just two drugs recommended so far

Since mid-May, dexamethasone and remdesivir have been shown useful for certain COVID-19 patients. Both are recommended by the National Institutes of Health and the Infectious Disease Society of America.

For hospitalized patients, these drugs are beginning to show an effect, said Dr. Rajesh Gandhi, an infectious disease specialist at Massachusetts General Hospital who sits on both panels.

Placing patients on their stomachs rather than their back when they have breathing problems may also help, according to some experts.

And Gandhi and other doctors said they are now much more comfortable treating COVID-19s many symptoms, which can include blood clots, immune problems and organ failure, in addition to lung issues.

Some now even say that COVID-19 is a multi-system disease, targeting at times the lining of blood vessels. This would explain how it manages to damage so many of the body's organs, all of which are fed by blood vessels.

One recent study, still not fully vetted, showed that dexamethasone, at a dose of 6 mg per day for up to 10 days, can be lifesaving for patients with COVID-19 who are on ventilators. The evidence was weaker for patients who are hospitalized and receiving oxygen. The study found no support for giving the steroid to less seriously ill COVID-19 patients, but more research is underway.

In a May study in the New England Journal of Medicine, the drug remdesivir, first developed to treat Ebola, was shown to shorten the recovery time of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and lower respiratory tract infections.

Scientists think remdesivir might be even more effective in people who are not yet sick enough to require hospitalization, but because it can only be delivered intravenously at the moment, it has not been tested on outpatients. Its manufacturer, Gilead, is rushing to ramp up production and to develop an inhaled version of the drug.

But while remdesivir is helpful, it doesnt cure COVID-19 and is far from a home run, said Dr. Mark Rupp, an infectious disease expert at the University of Nebraska.

Its kind of like getting on base with a single, he said. Weve got a long way to go.

As hydroxychloroquine shows, research is key

Although its tempting to just throw everything in the medicine cabinet at COVID-19, Rupp said he learned while fighting Ebola in 2014-2015 that its much more important to conduct high-quality clinical research during an outbreak.

Without such research, you throw the kitchen sink at everybody and you dont know what helps and what hurts and thats a dangerous place to be, he said.

He cited the example of hydroxychloroquine, which was used early on to treat COVID-19, but which research has shown to be ineffective in very sick patients.

Everybody wants to do good, we want to help our patients, Rupp said. But sometimes well-meaning efforts really dont result in beneficial effects.

Its only by testing drugs and other therapies through clinical trials that doctors can learn what works and what doesnt, he added. The more data and information we can gather, the better off were going to be.

Health and patient safety coverage at USA TODAY is made possible in part by a grant from the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare. The Masimo Foundation does not provide editorial input.

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For The First Time, Scientists Find a Way to Make Targeted Edits to Mitochondrial DNA – ScienceAlert

July 10th, 2020 2:46 am

Most cells in your body come with two genetic libraries; one in the nucleus, and the other inside structures called mitochondria - also known as the 'powerhouses of the cell'.

Until now, we've only had a way to make changes to one.

A combined effort by several research teams in the US has led to a process that could one day allow us to modify the instructions making up the cell's 'other' genome, and potentially treat a range of conditions that affect how we power our bodies.

The molecular foundation of this revolutionary gene editing tool is a toxin called DddA, secreted by the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia to sabotage other microbes when competition over resources turns serious.

Researchers from the University of Washington have had an interest in the toxin's talents for a while, finding it converts a nucleic acid base called cytosine into a different one commonly found in RNA, called uracil.

It's far from the first time researchers have looked to bacterial weapons for clues on how to tweak DNA in this way. In fact, a whole family of so-called deaminase enzymes had already been put to use in genetic engineering.

Unfortunately deaminase enzymes tend to only perform their code-swapping trick on single strands of DNA.

To get around this, another research team from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard combined their code-swapping deaminase with CRISPR technology, which entails using an RNA template to identify the sequence and then using enzymes to unzip the strands and make changes.

That isn't too much of a problem when you want to make edits to double strands of DNA inside something as welcoming as a cell's nucleus. But smuggling the RNA templates through the more selective membrane of a mitochondrion isn't quite so simple.

That's becausemore than a billion years ago, mitochondria were organisms in their own right, and over time they evolved to share responsibilities with the cells they now occupy, being delegated the business of breaking down glucose for power.

While many mitochondrial genes have long since been filed away in the host's nucleus, these tiny power units have held onto a few important sequences, which are tightly locked away behind a veil of membranes that don't take kindly to stray bits of RNA wafting through.

Fortunately, DddA had a unique talent for making changes to both DNA strands, opening the way to ditching CRISPR and its bulky RNA template in favour of alternative methods for targeting the sequence you want to change.

That third piece of the puzzle came in the form of an old school genetic engineering tool called a transcription activator-like effector, or TALE.

This class of enzyme can be tailored to find specific nucleic acid codes and break them apart. Just the thing for guiding a cytosine-swapping toxin into place.

Teamed up with DddA, a specially crafted TALE enzyme can find a target sequence inside mitochondria and turn any cytosine it finds into a uracil, which will later transform into a similar DNA-specific base called thymine.

In testing, this change occurred roughly half of the time.

A fifty-fifty change might not seem like a big win, but given there were no signs of potentially disastrous changes outside of target sequences, it makes for a promising precision engineering tool.

What's more, given there's no other contenders for editing mitochondrial genes, it's a landmark achievement with even this success rate.

Just as mutations in nuclear DNA can give rise to a wide variety of health conditions, mutations in the mitochondria's genes can also be problematic, affecting anything from brain development to muscle growth, energy levels, metabolism, and immunity.

Usually (though not always) passed through the eggs down from mothers, mitochondria and any damaging mutations can be inherited through the generations. Right now the best we might be able to do is combine cells from two different mothers to remove affected mitochondria.

But with this new DddA technology, we might finally be able to create animal models that mimic a range of debilitating mitochondrial conditions in humans. And, maybe one day, even fix them inside our own bodies.

This research was published in Nature.

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In the hunt for ALS treatments, researchers find promise in silencing genes – BioPharma Dive

July 10th, 2020 2:46 am

For 25 years, researchers have explored an idea that, by regulating certain genes, they could treat one of the world's most debilitating neurological diseases. That work has led to encouraging data, with the latest coming Wednesday from two studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

"It's a really exciting time for the field," said Orla Hardiman, clinical professor of neurology at Trinity College in Dublin and co-author to a NEJM editorial published alongside the studies.

Previously, scientists discovered the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, is higher if a select group of genes mutate. The newly published studies each tested an experimental drug meant to silence one such gene, called SOD1, that encodes an eponymous protein. While both studies were designed to evaluate safety, researchers also looked at protein levels to see if the drugs were working as intended.

One of these drugs uses a virus to deliver a small strip of genetic material into patients' spinal areas. In theory, the material would block the gene from making its protein, but results from two patients showed that neither had a substantial change in protein levels in their cerebrospinal fluid.

However, after one of the patients died, an autopsy showed SOD1 protein levels in his spinal cord tissue were lower than in untreated patients with the same form of ALS. The study investigators concluded that additional trials with a larger number of patients are necessary to better understand the drug's effects.

The other study had more clearly positive results. It tested four doses of Biogen's tofersen against placebo, and found lower SOD1 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients who received the drug. Compared to those in the placebo group, protein concentrations were about 20 to 25 percentage points lower for patients given the two middle tofersen doses and 33 percentage points lower for patients on the highest, 100 mg dose.

Biogen, which announced summary data from the trial last year, has since moved the high dose into a larger, efficacy-focused trial that aims to recruit around 100 patients. Enrollment has been "reasonable," albeit with slight delays due to the coronavirus pandemic, according to Toby Ferguson, head of the company's neuromuscular development unit.

Though tofersen will likely need positive late-stage results to support an approval, the currently available data offer a confidence boost for Biogen. Like other ALS drug hunters, the biotech has hit setbacks the most damaging of which came in 2013 when its small molecule medicine dexpramipexole failed a Phase 3 study.

"It's not fully shown to work yet, but at least the biology seems to be going in the right way," Ferguson said of tofersen. "It fundamentally says to me that if we pick the right targets, ALS can be a treatable disease. And we need to push forward both with genetic targets and appropriate targets for the broader population."

The tofersen study may also fuel optimism in the broader ALS research community. While two drugs are approved for ALS, there remains an urgent demand for more treatments. Most patients live just three to five years after they're diagnosed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Following decades of research, genetic medicine has, in recent years, proven itself to be a valuable weapon against hard-to-treat neurological conditions. In 2016, for example, Biogen's drug Spinraza became the first ever approved treatment for spinal muscular atrophy, a rare and often life-threatening condition that impairs muscle growth. Spinraza, like tofersen, is a type of gene-silencing medicine called antisense oligonucleotides, or ASOs.

Sarepta Therapeutics also has two ASO products approved for a different muscular disorder, and research on other gene-based treatments is advancing for difficult neurological diseases like Huntington's and Rett syndrome.

In ALS, several companies are working on genetic medicines. Novartis and Voyager Therapeutics each have plans for a SOD1-targeting ALS gene therapy, while MeiraGTx and the partners Pfizer and Sangamo Therapeutics are developing gene therapies not specific to SOD1.

With tofersen, though, Biogen holds a leading and potentially tone-setting position.

As the drug progresses through late-stage testing, Hardiman said it would be "fantastic" if the drug demonstrates not just reductions in SOD1 protein levels, but also the ability to slow or stabilize the disease. Biogen's smaller study hinted that tofersen's effect on SOD1 protein levels might translate to slower functional declines, but the data aren't proof it actually does.

"If we can show that gene-silencing in SOD1 is effective, it opens the way for other gene-silencing approaches in other genetic forms of ALS," she said, pointing to several other mutations associated with ALS.

"We are in a new era now where we have a much better understanding of genomic regulation, and we're getting to a place where it's really possible to modulate these pathways in a way that's genuinely therapeutic," Hardiman added.

ALS drug research also extends beyond genes, since estimates hold that only 5% to 10% of cases are inherited and, within that fraction, SOD1 mutations account for 15% to 20% of cases.

Currently, the Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS Research is running a first-of-its-kind platform trial to test five experimental therapies, including ones from Biohaven Pharmaceutical and Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Ra Pharmaceuticals, now owned by Belgium's UCB.

Privately held Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, meanwhile, is working separately with the Healey Center. The company said in December its experimental treatment slowed ALS progression in a mid-stage study, although no actual data was released.

Alexion Pharmaceuticals, a large rare disease drugmaker, also recently began exploring whether one of its approved therapies could work in ALS too.

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In the hunt for ALS treatments, researchers find promise in silencing genes - BioPharma Dive

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Illumina Intros Genomic Analysis Workflow Software to Speed Diagnosis of Genetic Conditions – Clinical OMICs News

July 10th, 2020 2:46 am

Illumina announced today the launch of its TruSight Software Suite, a solution that aids in creating efficient workflows to help increase adoption of whole-genome sequencing and comes with the promise of significantly reducing the time from sample to answer from daysor even weeksto hours.

Developed in collaboration with researchers and clinicians at the Mayo Clinic, and other partners, Illumina says TruSight provides a turn-key solution to tackle the most critical, and challenging piece of incorporating whole-genome sequencing for the identification of rare genetic diseasesthe interpretation of millions of variants to rapidly identify the handful of relevant variants that are contributing to an individuals disease.

The new software suite can pull together the power of a range of offering from Illumina including the NovaSeq 6000, its DRAGEN Bio-IT Platform, and Illumina DNA PCR-Free Prep, which when taken together provides a complete whole-genome sequencing analysis workflow for curation and reporting of rare variants.

This combination of products will set the standard for scalable and swift interpretation of genomic information, enabling whole-genome sequencing to become the standard of care in rare diseases, said Ryan Taft, vice president of scientific research at Illumina in a press release. By enabling users to quickly sift through millions of variants to find an answer, we will make it easier for rare disease patients to benefit from valuable genomic insights.

The launch of the new workflow software comes as rare disease diagnosis and treatment is rapidly establishing itself as the second prominent area of precision medicine alongside cancer care. It is thought there could be as many as 7,000 rare diseases and, when considered as a group, these are estimated to affect between 25 million and 30 million people in the U.S. alone and more than 200 million globally.

While some rare genetic diseases require almost immediate attention after birth in order to provide any chance at effective treatment, as evidenced by the ongoing work of Dr. Stephen Kingsmore and colleagues at Rady Childrens Institute of Genomic Medicine, many more rare conditions are not life threatening. In these cases, the patients and their families often embark on a diagnostics odyssey one marked by referrals from one medical specialist to another and can often take as long as seven years before a diagnosis.

Between needing regular care and the battery of testing done for rare disease patients, it is estimated that in the U.S. alone the cost of pediatric genetic diseases total more than $57 billion every year. Broadening availability to whole-genome testing for patients with a suspect rare genetic disorder can help shorten the time to diagnosis and potentially save billions of dollars of healthcare costs.

The future of pediatric medicine will include whole-genome sequencings for suspectedgeneticdisorders, said William Morice, M.D., Ph.D., president, Mayo Clinic Laboratories, and department chair, laboratory medicine and pathology at Mayo Clinic. Enabling laboratories and physicians with access toefficient, clinical-gradewhole-genome sequencingsolutionsis essential.

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Global wildlife surveillance could provide early warning for next pandemic – Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

July 10th, 2020 2:45 am

Visit the News Hub

Experts propose decentralized system to monitor wildlife markets, other hotspots

A juvenile saddleback tamarin is measured as part of an annual health check of a population of three primate species in southeastern Peru. In a perspective article published July 9 in Science, a team of wildlife biologists, infectious disease experts, and others propose a decentralized, global wildlife biosurveillance system to identify before the next pandemic emerges animal viruses that have the potential to cause human disease.

The virus that causes COVID-19 probably originated in wild bats that live in caves around Wuhan, China, and may have been passed to a second animal species before infecting people, according to the World Health Organization. Many of the most devastating epidemics of recent decades including Ebola, avian influenza and HIV/AIDS were triggered by animal viruses that spilled over into people. Despite the ever-present danger of a new virus emerging and sparking a worldwide pandemic, there is no global system to screen for viruses in wild animals that eventually may jump to humans.

In a perspective article published July 9 in Science, a diverse group of infectious disease experts, ecologists, wildlife biologists and other experts argue that a decentralized global system of wildlife surveillance could and must be established to identify viruses in wild animals that have the potential to infect and sicken people before another pandemic begins.

Its impossible to know how often animal viruses spill over into the human population, but coronaviruses alone have caused outbreaks in people three times in the last 20 years, said co-author Jennifer A. Philips, MD, PhD, referring to the SARS, MERS and COVID-19 epidemics. Philips is an associate professor of medicine and co-director of theDivision of Infectious Diseasesat Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Even a decade ago it would have been difficult to conduct worldwide surveillance at the human-wildlife interface. But because of technological advances, it is now feasible and affordable, and it has never been more obvious how necessary it is.

Every animal has its own set of viruses, with some overlap across species. Often, an animal species and its viruses have lived together for so long that theyve adapted to one another, and the viruses cause either no symptoms or only mild to moderate disease. But when different animal species that dont normally have much contact are brought together, viruses have the opportunity to jump from one species to another. Most viruses dont have the genetic tools to infect another species. But viruses with such tools can be lethal to a newly infected species with no natural immunity.

Human activity is making such spillover events more and more likely. As the population of the world continues to grow, the demand for natural resources skyrockets. People push into wild areas to make space for new homes and businesses, and to access resources to fuel their economies and lifestyles. Wild animals are caught and sold for consumption, or as exotic pets at wildlife markets, where diverse species are jumbled together under crowded and unsanitary conditions. Wild-animal parts are shipped around the world as trinkets or ingredients for traditional or alternative medicines.

And yet there is no international system set up to screen for disease-causing viruses associated with the movement of wildlife or wildlife products.

In the lead up to this article, I spoke with friends and colleagues around the world who do wildlife research in Madagascar, Indonesia, Peru, Ecuador and asked them, Where do you take your samples for screening? said co-author Gideon Erkenswick, PhD, a postdoctoral research associate in Philips lab. Erkenswick is also the director of Field Projects International, a nonprofit organization dedicated to the study and conservation of tropical ecosystems. In almost every situation, the answer was Nowhere. Locally, there is nobody with dedicated time and resources to do this work. To find new disease-causing viruses, we have to find willing foreign collaborators, then get samples out of the country, which is difficult and expensive.

Philips, Erkenswick, and colleagues in the Wildlife Disease Surveillance Focus Group that authored the Science paper, suggest the establishment of a global surveillance network to screen wild animals and their products at hotspots such as wildlife markets. The idea would be to have local teams of researchers and technicians extract viral genomes from animal samples, rapidly sequence them on site and upload the sequences to a central database in the cloud. The cost and size of the necessary scientific equipment has dropped in recent years, making such screening affordable even in resource-limited settings where most such hotspots are located.

Theres now a genetic sequencer available that is literally the size of a USB stick, Erkenswick said. You could bring that and a few other supplies into a rainforest and analyze a sample for sequences associated with disease-causing viruses on site in a matter of hours. I mean, if you do chance upon something like the virus that causes COVID-19, do you really want to be collecting it, storing it, transporting it, risking further exposure, sample degradation, and adding months or years of delay, before you figure out what youve got? There are people with the expertise and skills to do this kind of work safely pretty much everywhere in the world, they just havent been given the tools.

Once viral sequences are uploaded, researchers around the world could help analyze them to identify animal viruses that may be a threat to people and to develop a better understanding of the universe of viruses that thrive in different environments. By comparing genomic sequence data, researchers can identify what family an unknown virus belongs to and how closely it is related to any disease-causing viruses. They can also identify whether a virus carries genes associated with the ability to cause disease in people.

By knowing the diversity out there, and tracking its evolution, we can ensure that we stay ahead of whats in wildlife populations and at the wildlife-human interface, Philips said. In the past, before modern transportation, spillover events would have been local and spread slowly, giving people elsewhere time to respond. But now the world is so small that an event in one place puts the whole world at risk. This is not someone elses problem. Its everyones problem.

Watsa M and the Wildlife Disease Surveillance Focus Group. Rigorous wildlife disease surveillance: A decentralized model could address global health risks associated with wildlife exploitation. Science. July 10, 2020. DOI: 10.1126/science.abc0017

Washington University School of Medicines 1,500 faculty physicians also are the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals. The School of Medicine is a leader in medical research, teaching and patient care, ranking among the top 10 medical schools in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare.

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Global wildlife surveillance could provide early warning for next pandemic - Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

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How Can AI Help in Oncology Assisting Diagnostics and Drug Discovery? – Healthcare Tech Outlook

July 10th, 2020 2:45 am

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing market engulfing all the sectors, is showing no signs of slowing down, especially in healthcare.

FREMONT, CA: The usage of AI in healthcare is predicted to reach $6.8 billion by 2021. Companies and countries are seeing the value of focusing on AI research. Healthcare databases are usually complicated but are full of useful information that can be utilized for drug discovery and precision medicine. Adopting AI in healthcare can help in improving the organization of data as well as fast-paced research breakthroughs.

It is a well-known fact that personalized medicine creates better patient outcomes when treating cancer. Additionally, to detect cancer, AI technology shows promising possibilities when it comes to differentiating genetic mutations to allow for precision medicine. By being able to evaluate and pinpoint genetic mutations, oncologists can provide better treatment for their patients. Personalized, or precision medicine demands constant analysis of genetic mutations to discover new treatments. Leveraging AI tools like Machine Learning and big data can help streamline this data collection and even improve with drug discovery.

AI technology helps differentiate healthy versus cancer cells, determine genetic mutations, and help researchers develop cancer treatment drugs. The pharmaceutical company is teaming up with technology giants to apply AI tools to drug discovery efforts. Using big data and Machine Learning technology, researchers can now analyze vast amounts of data seeking new ways to apply gene therapy. By having these tools, the time it takes to make these discoveries could be drastically shortened, leading to faster drug discovery and development.

It is transparent that the adoption of AI in healthcare can provide many benefits to researchers, healthcare organizations, and patients. AI tools can aid in making breakthroughs in cancer diagnostics, as well as treatment in real-time. But precaution must be ensured so that the data is shared safely and accurately. There must always be a delicate balance of human touch and machine to help prescribe with care.

See Also:Top Drug Discovery and Development Solution Companies

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How Can AI Help in Oncology Assisting Diagnostics and Drug Discovery? - Healthcare Tech Outlook

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