StemCell Therapy

New York, Sept. 09, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Precision Medicine Market: Focus on Ecosystem, Technology, Application, Country Data (21 Countries), and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast, 2020-2030" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p05965013/?utm_source=GNW By Application: Cancer, Infectious Disease, Neurology, Cardiovascular, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology and Other Applications By Region: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Rest-of-the-World

Cross Segmentation

Applied Sciences: By Product, By Technology, By End User, By Region Precision Diagnostics: By Product, By Technology, By End User, By Region Precision Therapeutics: By Product, By Technology, By End User, By Region Digital Health and IT: By Product, By Technology, By End User, By Region

Regional Segmentation

North America: U.S. and Canada Europe: Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Spain, and Rest-of-Europe Asia-Pacific: Japan, China, India, Australia, and Rest-of-Asia-Pacific Latin America: Brazil, Mexico, and Rest-of-Latin America Rest-of-the-World

Growth Drivers

Advancement of Sequencing Technologies Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases Growing Demand for Preventive Care Shifting the Significance in Medicine from Reaction to Prevention Reducing Adverse Drug Reactions Through Pharmacogenomics Test Potential to Reduce the Overall Healthcare Cost Across the Globe

Market Challenges

Unified Framework for Data Integration Limited Knowledge about Molecular Mechanism/ Interaction Lack of Robust Reimbursement Landscape Regulatory Hurdles

Market Opportunities

Targeted Gene Therapy Expansion into the Emerging Markets Collaborations and Partnerships Across Value Chain to Accelerate the Market Entry

Key Companies Profiled

Abbott Laboratories, Almac Group Ltd, Amgen Inc., ANGLE plc, Astellas Pharma Inc., Astra Zeneca PLC, ASURAGEN INC., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., bioMrieux SA., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cardiff Oncology, CETICS Healthcare Technologies GmbH, Danaher Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Epic Sciences, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, GE Corporation, Gilead Sciences, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Illumina, Inc., Intomics A/S, Johnson & Johnson Company, Konica Minolta, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America, MDx Health, Inc., Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Inc., Merck KGaA, Myriad Genetics, Inc., Novartis AG, Oracle Corporation, Partek, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., QIAGEN N.V., Quest Diagnostics Inc, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Sanofi S.A., Sysmex Corporation, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.

Key Questions Answered in this Report: What are the estimated and projected numbers for the global precision medicine market for 2020 and 2030? What are the drivers, challenges, and opportunities that are influencing the dynamics of the market? What is the competition layout of the market? What are the parameters on which competition mapping is carried out in the study? Which key development strategies are being followed and implemented by major players to help them sustain in the market? How are different segments of the market expected to perform during the forecast period from 2020 to 2030? The segments included in the comprehensive market study are: o product type o region o technology o application Which leading players are currently dominating the marke,t and what is the expected future scenario? Which companies are anticipated to be highly disruptive in the future, and why? How can the changing dynamics of the market impact the market share of different players operating in the market? What are the strategic recommendations offered in the study?

Market Overview

Precision medicine refers to the medicine developed as per an individuals genetic profile.It provides guidance regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.

The segmentation of the population is done depending on the genome structure of the individuals and their compatibility with a specific drug molecule.In the precision medicine market, the application of molecular biology is to study the cause of a patients disease at the molecular level, so that target-based therapies or individualized therapies can be applied to cure the patients health-related problems.

This industry is gaining traction due to the increasing awareness about healthcare among individuals, integration of smart devices such as smartphones and tablets into healthcare, and increasing collaborations and agreements of IT firms with the diagnostics and biopharmaceutical companies for the development of precision diagnostic tools.

The current precision medicine market is mainly dominated by several majors, such as Abbott Laboratories, Almac Group Ltd, Amgen Inc., ANGLE plc, Astellas Pharma Inc, Astra Zeneca PLC, ASURAGEN INC., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., bioMrieux SA., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cardiff Oncology, CETICS Healthcare Technologies GmbH, Danaher Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Epic Sciences, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, GE Corporation, Gilead Sciences, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Illumina, Inc. Intomics A/S, and Johnson & Johnson Company, Konica Minolta, Inc.

Within the research report, the market is segmented on the basis of product type, ecosystem application, and region, which highlight value propositions and business models useful for industry leaders and stakeholders. The research also comprises country-level analysis, go-to-market strategies of leading players, future opportunities, among others, to detail the scope and provide 360-degree coverage of the domain.

Competitive Landscape Major players, such as Abbott Laboratories, Almac Group Ltd, Amgen Inc., ANGLE plc, Astellas Pharma Inc, Astra Zeneca PLC, ASURAGEN INC., Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., bioMrieux SA., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Cardiff Oncology, CETICS Healthcare Technologies GmbH, Danaher Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Epic Sciences, Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, GE Corporation, Gilead Sciences, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Illumina, Inc., Intomics A/S, Johnson & Johnson Company, Konica Minolta, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America MDx Health, Inc., Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Myriad Genetics, Inc., Novartis AG., Oracle Corporation, Partek, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., QIAGEN N.V., Quest Diagnostics Inc., Randox Laboratories Ltd., Sanofi SA, Sysmex Corporation, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. including among others, led the number of key developments witnessed by the market. On the basis of region, North America is expected to retain a leading position throughout the forecast period 2020-2030, followed by Europe. Countries Covered North America U.S. Canada Europe Germany France Spain U.K. Italy Rest-of-Europe Asia-Pacific Japan China India Australia Rest-of-Asia-Pacific (RoAPAC) Latin America Brazil Mexico Rest-of-Latin America (RoLA) Rest-of-the-World Israel Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates South Africa RussiaRead the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05965013/?utm_source=GNW

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Originally posted here:
Global Precision Medicine Market: Focus on Ecosystem, Technology, Application, Country Data (21 Countries), and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and...

Photo credit: Cesar Carlevarino Aragon, via Unsplash.

Rocks dont care if they break. The very concepts of proofreading and repair imply accuracy for a purpose. In cells, complex multi-part machines find errors and fix them. Is this not evidence of intentionality and programming? As these new research papers show, the machines involved show exquisite craftsmanship and efficient action to keep other parts machines outside their own structural needs humming along.

How can they do that? How do they know? They bear an uncanny resemblance to surgeons or linemen that are trained as first responders to potentially catastrophic situations, and yet they work robotically in the dark without eyes or brains. Such things do not just appear by blind material processes. Proofreading and repair systems had to be operational from the beginning of life, because considering the lethal consequences without them, its hard to conceive of any primitive organism surviving, let alone progressing up an evolutionary ladder. Now, behold in wonder what is going on in our cells.

Before cells divide, billions of DNA base pairs must be precisely duplicated. About one time in 10 million, a wrong base is inserted into the copy. Researchers at North Carolina State University found genome guardians that stop and reel in DNA during this important operation. Two enzymes cooperate to proofread the copy. They halt the duplication when a mismatch is found until more machines can fix the error.

A pair of proteins known as MutS and MutL work together to initiate repair of these mismatches. MutS slides along the newly created side of the DNA strand after its replicated, proofreading it. When it finds a mismatch, it locks into place at the site of the error and recruits MutL to come and join it. MutL marks the newly formed DNA strand as defective and signals a different protein to gobble up the portion of the DNA containing the error. Then the nucleotide matching starts over, filling the gap again. The entire process reduces replication errors around a thousand-fold, serving as one of our bodys best defenses against genetic mutations that can lead to cancer. [Emphasis added.]

Well, is that not a tragedy for Darwin? Evolutionists need those mutations to build eyes and wings!

When cells divide, double-stranded breaks can occur. These are particularly dangerous, often associated with cancer. Medical researchers at University of Texas Health in San Antonio confirm that DNA repair requires multiple tools. Drs. Daley, Sung, and Burma at UT knew that the repair operation, called homologous recombination, is done by resection enzymes, but they were curious why so many different enzymes were involved. Why does the cell need three or four different enzymes that seem to accomplish the same task in repairing double-strand breaks? The perceived redundancy, they concluded, is really a very nave notion. Like a skilled workman, the cell maintains An array of tools, each one finely tuned.

Its like an engine mechanic who has a set of tools at his disposal, Dr. Sung said. The tool he uses depends on the issue that needs to be repaired. In like fashion, each DNA repair tool in our cells is designed to repair a distinctive type of break in our DNA.

Another type of error can occur when a gene is being transcribed. If RNA polymerase (RNAP, the transcribing machine) hits a lesion caused by UV radiation or some other mutagen, the transcription can stall. Thankfully, there is a programmed response called transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) that knows what to do. Thats a good thing, because faulty repair can lead to the severe neurological disorder Cockayne syndrome, characterized by microcephaly, delayed development, short stature, low weight gain, and numerous other problems like oversensitivity to sunlight, hearing loss, vision loss, severe tooth decay, bone abnormalities, hands and feet that are cold all the time, and changes in the brain that can be seen on brain scans (Genetics Home Reference).

Four researchers from Washington University, publishing in PNAS1, learned more about the poorly understood process of TC-NER, and revealed a plethora of molecular machines and factors involved. The initiation of TC-NER upon RNAP stalling requires specific factors, they begin. These factors respond rapidly to transcription-blocking DNA damage, binding to stalled RNAP to coordinate assembly of downstream NER factors. Moreover, the repair program must be able to handle a variety of situations. The technical details are too inscrutable for most readers to describe here (and this was about research on yeast!); suffice it to say that TC-NER is a well-choreographed, irreducibly complex process that, fortunately, works most of the time. Children with Type 2 Cockayne Syndrome may only live up to age 7 (NIH).

The cell has mechanisms for preventing errors, too. Research at Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York City has unraveled for the first time the three-dimensional structure and mechanism of a complex enzyme that protects cells from constant DNA damage, opening the door to discovery of new therapeutics for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant cancers. They used cryo-electron microscopy to study DNA polymerase at a near-atomic level. This important enzymes architecture and mechanism have been a mystery to scientists for years. Could any primitive life-form get by without something like this?

DNA polymerase is the crucial enzyme that allows cells to battle the more than 100,000 DNA-damaging events that occur daily from normal metabolic activities and environmental intrusions like ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation, and industrial carcinogens. The Mount Sinai team, which included first author Radhika Malik, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pharmacological Sciences, learned how the enzyme protects the cells from natural and manmade environmental as well cellular stresses through an intricate structure of four different proteins that connect to each other in a pentameric, or daisy chain-like, configuration.

Didnt the Darwinians tell us that UV light and ionizing radiation were sources of the building blocks of life and the mutations that nature can select to build humans from bacteria? No way. These findings are published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology2.

DNA bases on opposite strands connect via hydrogen bonds, but sometimes a protein interloper makes a bogus connection. Covalent cross-links between proteins and DNA are among the most hazardous types of DNA damage, says the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich. Fortunately (again), theres an app for that.

Chemical lesions in the genetic material DNA can have catastrophic consequences for cells, and even for the organism concerned. This explains why the efficient identification and rapid repair of DNA damage is vital for survival. DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), which are formed when proteins are adventitiously attached to DNA, are particularly harmful. DPCs are removed by the action of a dedicated enzyme the protease SPRTN which cleaves the bond between the protein and the DNA.

DPCs can occur during natural metabolism or by contact with synthetic chemicals. SPRTN has a challenging job, they say, because it must be able to tackle a variety of situations; the enzyme has to be able to identify many different structures as aberrant. Its two domains must engage for it to recognize the error and fix it. Julian Stingele explains this fail-safe system:

One binds to double-stranded, and the other to single-stranded DNA. So the protein uses a modular system for substrate recognition. Only when both domains are engaged is the enzyme active and DNA in which double-stranded and single-stranded regions occur in close proximity is often found in the vicinity of crosslinks, says Stingele.

When this system isnt working properly, patients are subject to liver cancer and early aging.

We have just looked at five different types of errors that are repaired by five different systems of molecular machines. Each system must first recognize the error and then know what to do; otherwise, the consequences can be catastrophic. In each case, the machinery is well designed and finely tuned to solve the problem, and it does so rapidly and efficiently. That takes foresight, and foresight implies intelligent design. As Marcos Eberlin says in his book Foresight: How the Chemistry of Life Reveals Planning and Purpose, This act of anticipation foresight is not a characteristic of blind material processes. It is an act of intelligence, of a mind (p. 81).

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In Cells, Proofreading and Repair Testify to Intelligent Design and Foresight - Discovery Institute

While identifying new genetic targets and developing novel drugs is important for the future of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), more emphasis should be put on improving patient access to existing targeted treatments, according to Dr. Nathan A. Pennell.

In an interview with OncLive, CUREs sister publication, Pennell, an associate professor in thedepartment of medicine and director of the lung cancer medical oncology program at theTaussig Cancer Institute of Cleveland Clinic,spoke about current and emerging treatment options in NSCLC, including immunotherapy combinations and personalized treatments involving T cells.

But when it comes to the future, Pennell said, identifying targetable genetic alterations in patients and treating them with existing drugs should be a key area of focus.

Studies have shown that probably fewer than half of people with targetable genetic alterations in lung cancer are being identified and never receiving treatment for this, Pennell said, and I think before we move on to the next exciting drug or the next exciting marker, we should spend a little time making sure that every patient is identified and gets access to the treatments that we already have.

Transcription:

We've made such tremendous progress over the last decade. And just it seems like every year, new targets are emerging and new drugs are getting approved. And so, the speed with which we're moving from discovery to actually treating people has been staggering, and I hope that continues.

There continue to be very promising emerging biomarkers including KRAS mutations, again, HER2 mutations. There certainly is lots of room for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy, which can be tremendously life changing and potentially even curative in patients with metastatic disease. But unfortunately, it's only really working in a minority of patients and so lots of room to be improved in that.

I think combinations of immunotherapy and perhaps even more personalized immunotherapy, using T-cells that recognize individual patients tumors, may be the future for this, or personalized tumor vaccines.

But honestly, instead of just focusing on discovering new treatments and new targets, I think we should focus more on applying what we already know. So, we have tremendous treatments for patients with specific subgroups of lung cancer, but studies have shown that probably fewer than half of people with targetable genetic alterations in lung cancer are being identified and never receiving treatment for this. And I think before we move on to the next exciting drug or the next exciting marker, we should spend a little time making sure that every patient is identified and gets access to the treatments that we already have.

Link:
Personalized Medicine, Genetic Testing Could Shape the Future of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - Curetoday.com

3D printing or additive manufacturing has opened a new avenue in the personalized patient care. It is still a relatively emerging technology in the global healthcare industry. The market has seen vast potential in technologies that help surgeons and clinicians understand the complexity of the geometry of human organs and offer timely treatment. 3D printing is rising in clinical significance in printing organs that would be transplanted to the diseased populations, should other options be uncertain or exorbitantly costly. 3D-printed implantable organs will no longer be novelty but a necessity, paving way for lucrativeness of the healthcare 3D printing market. Another area where 3D printing is being utilized is printing of drugs and devices by pharmaceutical and medical companies, world over. The increasing trend of precision medicine and personalized treatments has fuelled the evolution of the healthcare 3D printing market.

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3D printing technology has helped clinician advance their patient care. New additive manufacturing technologies have acted as key accelerators of patient-specific model. Particularly, healthcare 3D printing will expand the armamentarium for surgeons to substantially expand their knowledge of patient specific anatomy of crucial lungs such as heart and lungs. The growing availability and affordability of 3D printing techniques will help carve out new avenues in the market. Advances in raw materials used, notably in hydrogel, has also catalyzed prospects in the healthcare 3D printing market. Researchers over the past few years have aimed at changing the consistency of 3D printing materials to make them more biologically adaptable as well as functional. This has also helped them to commercialize the printing process. The increasing shift to patient-specific care will increase the use cases of healthcare 3D printing around the world. New 3D printing technologies will pave way to transforming patient-provider relationship in the not-so-distant future. The use of implantable custom devices is a case in point.

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Global Healthcare 3D Printing Market: Overview

The global market for healthcare 3D printing has been rising on account of advancements in the field of medical research, testing, and analysis. 3D printing helps in developing archetypes and blueprints for objects and items, and this technique plays a key role in multiple industries. The use of 3D printing in the field of healthcare has overhauled the growth dynamics of the worldwide healthcare industry. 3D printing helps in development of organ simulations for testing, research, and analysis. Furthermore, the field of medical testing has also gained a strong impetus on account of advancements in the field of healthcare 3D printing. Considering these dynamics, it is safe to ascertain that the global healthcare 3D printing market would grow at a sound pace in the times to follow. The healthcare industry has emerged as the central element in determining the growth dynamics of a regional territory. This is another key driver of demand within the global market for healthcare 3D printing. Improved technologies for 3D printing shall persuade the healthcare fraternity to resort to its usage in the years to come.

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The global healthcare 3D printing can be segmented on the basis of the following parameters: North America, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, Europe, and Asia Pacific. The growth of the global healthcare 3D printing can be gauged with the help of the aforementioned segments.

A report added by Transparency Market Research (TMR) on the global healthcare 3D printing market is a holistic description of the forces of demand and supply. The report sheds light on the influence of various external forces on the global healthcare 3D printing market. Moreover, the regional segments within the global healthcare 3D printing market have also been enunciated therein. A list of the leading companies in the global healthcare 3D printing is also a part of the report.

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Global Healthcare 3D Printing Market: Trends and Opportunities

The presence of a stellar healthcare sector that focuses on development of models and archetypes for analysis and research has aided market growth. 3D printing helps in training of medical professionals and doctors with the help of simulated models of body parts. This factor has led to the increased usage of healthcare 3D printing across the world.3D printing also helps in performing knee and hip implants which is another key driver of demand within the global healthcare 3D printing market. There is little contention about the inflow of massive revenues in the global healthcare 3D printing market.

Global Healthcare 3D Printing Market: Market Potential

The global healthcare 3D printing market has generated a plethora of opportunities for improved research and testing within medicine. This factor has had a direct impact on the growth of the global healthcare 3D printing market. Furthermore, the need to develop close archetypes of key body parts such as lungs, heart, and spine has also generated demand within the global healthcare 3D market.

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Global Healthcare 3D Market: Regional Outlook

On the basis of geography, the global healthcare 3D printing market can be segmented into North America, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa, Europe, and Asia Pacific. The market for healthcare 3D printing in North America is projected to grow on account of advancements in the field of medical research and testing.

Global Healthcare 3D Market: Competitive Landscape

Some of the key vendors in the global healthcare 3D printing market are Bio-Rad Laboratories, SOLS, Organovo, Simbionix, RegenHU Ltd.,and Metamason.

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Healthcare 3D Printing Market: Increasing trend of precision medicine and personalized treatments has fuelled the evolution of the market - BioSpace

Personalized and precision medicines are exciting fields that focus on the development of treatment and prevention strategies for a single patient or patient group. The treatments are developed using cutting- edge technologies such as genomic sequencing and genetic engineering, helping to account for the individual variability in both patient and disease characteristics.

This has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to revolutionary breakthroughs in debilitating chronic diseases such as cancer. Traditionally, cancer patients are treated using one size fits all interventions like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. These vary in their effectiveness and result in damage to healthy tissues.

Personalized and precision medicine, however, can offer specialized treatments that target the patients unique cancer subtype, its genetic mutations, and the affected tissues.

These therapies involve novel pathways and complex processes to aid and deliver treatment, making each therapy a service in its own right. They depend on many touchpoints, stakeholders, partnerships and interdependencies to treat patients.

As a result, designing suitable services to support patients, caregivers and healthcare providers throughout the treatment pathway is essential. However, doing so successfully depends on understanding how to best approach the design of services in this challenging landscape.

Optimizing the service behind the personalized and precision medicine is crucial for turning the treatment into a viable and differentiated option for patients. To make a real difference and ensure the therapy is competitive, we need to adopt a service design approach.

Service design is a multidisciplinary art and science that enables us to take a holistic view of the service experience, along with a deep understanding of the target groups, such as patients and healthcare professionals, and the context they operate in. This can include using empathic methodologies, such as in-depth interviews and field studies.

Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the customers needs, how they experience the current service, and how future services address their unmet needs.

Involving different stakeholders throughout the design process to gain a wide range of knowledge and expertise, and to further drive customer-centricity across the business.

Using visual tools such as sketches, maps and prototypes to improve and ease communication and collaboration between the different stakeholders involved in the creative process (surpassing language and knowledge boundaries).

Following a learning-by-doing approach via continuous prototyping and testing to evaluate solutions before investing time and resources on development.

Understanding how the customer experiences the whole service journey and then identifying insight gaps and opportunities for service innovation by looking at the big picture.

Personalized and precision medicines are naturally patient-centered (compared to traditional pharmaceuticals), as the individual patient is central to the product design. Taking this empathic approach throughout the design process provides a deeper understanding of those needs as well as their context.

This means not only adopting collaborative thinking during the design phase but also during production and development.

To deliver these unique therapies to patients, pharmaceutical companies must partner with a wide range of specialized third parties including laboratories, manufacturers, shipping and storing providers.

Looking at the entire service and all of its touchpoints from above is crucial

By engaging with multidisciplinary teams from all levels across the organization, as well as numerous stakeholders during the co-creation process, you will increase the organizations knowledge and expertise, resulting in better and more fit-for-purpose solutions. Bring this sense of collaboration into the design process to encourage a higher level of consistency, placement and commitment to the patient and ensure they are at the center of the service philosophy.

Novel therapies require designers to be adaptive. New developments such as changes in the supply chain, shorter genomic sequencing process or the need for an additional quality assurance step, often lead to changes to the envisaged treatment pathway. As a result, it is necessary to have a view of the whole service, in one place, which can be continuously updated.

Visual tools such as customer journey maps and service blueprints are a core part of service design. Journey maps (such as the one featured on p.16) provide an overarching view of the customer experience, along with the pain points, gaps, unmet needs and opportunities for engagement. Service blueprints visualize the process behind the service and the people impacted by it. These tools not only make it easier to understand the service, but they can also help simplify communication and increase alignment between the many individuals engaged in the project.

For personalized and precision medicines, patient journeys and service blueprints can help capture the front-end of the service, which is visible to patients, and the back-end processes, which are used by healthcare professionals. This gives us insights into the interactions, touchpoints and relationships between the patient and various stakeholders, such as the different healthcare professionals, carers and patient groups. Looking at the entire service and all of its touchpoints from above is crucial for making improvements that enrich the customer experience.

CAR-T is a new individualized cancer immunotherapy that has taken precision medicine to a new level. In a nutshell, CAR-T therapy involves extracting T-cells (a type of white blood cells that play a key role in immune response) from the patient, genetically engineering them to target the cancer cells and infusing them back into the patients body.

The CAR-T treatment pathway for a blood cancer involves a uniquely large number of stakeholders, touchpoints and interdependent processes that take place both in the front-end (i.e. visible to the patient) and back-end (i.e. visible to healthcare professionals). Below is a high- level overview of a typical CAR-T journey that can illustrate this complexity:

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In the precision medicine era, the line between products and services is blurred - - pharmaphorum

DENVER--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Today ClinOne announced a strategic partnership with CQuentia to bring focused and personalized molecular testing to clinical trial patients. ClinOnes mission is to simplify and accelerate clinical trials for those conducting, participating in and benefiting from clinical studies in onsite, remote, and strictly virtual settings. Our goal is to increase patient access to life changing clinical trials, while continually analyzing operations and developing workflows and capabilities to minimize our clients costs, explains Rob Bohacs, ClinOnes CEO. Partnering with a laboratory such as CQuentia, provides a depth of diagnostic testing that expands ClinOnes offering and brings comprehensive lab solutions directly to the patients.

ClinOne continuously evaluates the market for innovative companies and products to add to its suite of e-clinical technologies. CQuentia is a thought leader in genomic testing and a natural fit, given their comprehensive COVID-19 testing capabilities offered at or near patients homes, explains Dr. Elizabeth Esterl, ClinOnes VP of Operations and Research.

CQuentia is a next-generation sequencing FDA CLIA laboratory and data service that brings a sophisticated precision medicine platform to ClinOnes suite of resources. Among the tests conducted by CQuentia and made available through ClinOne are COVID-19 RT-PCR and Antibody tests, Respiratory Pathogen Panel (RPP) and Pharmacogenomic testing (PGx). CQuentias testing improves the overall well-being of patients by reducing risk and enhancing safety protocols. Esterl explains that such actionable and customized clinical information aligns with our clients to expand virtual clinical trials, by enhancing screening, increasing enrollment and keeping participants actively engaged throughout the trial period.

What separates CQuentia from other testing laboratories is our platform agnostic approach to deliver solutions and our ability to create personalize client specific reports and alerts which plays to ClinOnes strengths and uniqueness as they bring mission-critical clinical study details to clients, research sites and patients. We are motivated by the change we can make in peoples lives through this collaboration, explains Alan Meeker, CQuentia CEO.

About ClinOne

ClinOne is a suite of technologies created to improve access to mission-critical clinical study details, manage research site workflow, and provide patients with a solution to manage the clinical trial journey. The companys sole mission is to simplify and accelerate clinical trials through a single, unified central clinical trial operating system between sponsors, research sites and patients. Today, 45 global sponsors and 2,000 research institutions across 55 countries rely on ClinOnes technology. For more information visit http://www.clinone.com.

About CQuentia

CQuentia is a privately-held molecular testing and sequencing laboratory, positioned to provide doctors, governments, hospitals, payers and employers with rapid, reliable results. CQuentia provides precision medicine, data banking and infection identification, thus enabling clients to make informed clinical decisions, improve outcomes and deliver overall value throughout the healthcare continuum. For more information please visit http://www.cquentia.com

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ClinOne Partners with CQuentia to Add COVID-19 and Comprehensive Precision Medicine Testing to Their Suite of Clinical Trial Operating Services and...

New Jersey, United States, The Personalized Medicine Market report 2020 provides a detailed impression, describe the product industry scope and the market expanded insights and forecasts up to 2027. It shows market data according to industry drivers, restraints and opportunities, analyzes the market status, the industry share, size, future Trends and growth rate of the market. The Personalized Medicine Market report is categorized by application, end user, technology, product / service types, and other, as well as by region. In addition, the report includes the calculated expected CAGR of chitosan acetate-market derivative from the earlier records of the Personalized Medicine Market, and current market trends, which are organized with future developments.

Personalized Medicine Market was valued at USD 96.97 Billion in 2018 and is expected to witness a growth of10.67% from 2019-2026 and reachUSD 217.90 Billion by 2026.

Download full PDF example copy of Personalized Medicine Market report: (including Full Toc, list of tables and numbers, graph): https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/download-sample/?rid=7106&utm_source=TDC&utm_medium=001

The report provides detailed coverage of the Personalized Medicine Market, including structure, definitions, applications, and Industry Chain classifications. The Personalized Medicine Market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, investment plan, business strategy, opportunities and development status of key regions. Development policies and plans are discussed and manufacturing processes and cost structures analyzed. This report also includes information on import / export consumption, supply and demand, costs, industry share, policy, Price, Sales and gross margins.

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Personalized Medicine Market forecast up to 2027, with information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity production, price, cost, revenue, and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment as well as downstream demand analyses are also carried out. The Personalized Medicine Market size, development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects is assessed and general research results are offered.

The Personalized Medicine Market was created on the basis of an in-depth market analysis with contributions from industry experts. The report covers the growth prospects in the coming years and the discussion of the main providers.

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Personalized Medicine Market is Thriving Worldwide 2020 | Trends, Growth and Profit Analysis, Forecast by 2027 - The Daily Chronicle

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 08, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Latest study released by Data Bridge Market Research on Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market research report 2020 comprises of several parameters which are thoroughly studied by the experts. This market report contains fundamental, secondary and advanced information related to the global status and trend, market size, sales volume, market share, growth, future trends analysis, segment and forecasts from 2020-2027. This market study considers a market attractiveness analysis, where each segment is benchmarked based on its market size, growth rate, and general attractiveness. All the data and statistics provided in this Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market report are backed up by latest and proven tools and techniques such as SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces Analysis.

Pharma clinical trial digitizationmarket is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Data Bridge Market Research analyses the market to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% in the above-mentioned forecast period. Growing demand for personalized medicine is expected to create new opportunity for the pharma clinical trial digitization market.

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According to this report Global Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market will rise from Covid-19 crisis at moderate growth rate during 2020 to 2027. Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market includes comprehensive information derived from depth study on Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Industry historical and forecast market data. Global Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market Size to Expand moderately as the new developments in Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization and Impact of COVID19 over the forecast period 2020 to 2027.

In the Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market report, market drivers and market restraints are studied carefully along with the analysis of the market structure. This market research report is an ideal guide to attain information or key data about market, emerging trends, product usage, motivating factors for customers, competitor strategies, brand positioning, customer preferences, and customer behaviour. While generating this Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market research report, customer satisfaction is kept on the utmost priority. To thrive in this competitive market place, market research report plays a vital role which gives important and meaningful market insights for the business.

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Top key players covered in the pharma clinical trial digitization market report are:

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Clinical trial digitization allows the processing in different forms of voluminous patient-related data. Such data are being used by pharmaceutical companies to improve the effectiveness of trial execution.

Growing demand for quality data is expected to drive the market growth. Some of the other factors such as increasing demand for personalized drugs, increasing adoption of new technology in clinical research, growing research & development promoting outsourcing and increasing diseases prevalence will drive the market in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027

How Does This Market Insights Help?

Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market share (regional, product, application, end-user) both in terms of volume and revenue along with CAGR

Key parameters which are driving this market and restraining its growth

What all challenges manufacturers will face as well as new opportunities and threats faced by them

Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by your competitors and leading organizations

To gain insightful analyses of the market and have a comprehensive understanding of the Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market and its commercial landscape

Key Pointers Covered in the Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market Industry Trends and Forecast to 2027

Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market Scope

The pharma clinical trial digitization market is segmented on the basis of countries into U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), Brazil, Argentina and Rest of South America as part of South America.

All country based analysis of pharma clinical trial digitization market is further analyzed based on maximum granularity into further segmentation. On the basis of services, the pharma clinical trial digitization market is segmented into drug dose adjustment, drug impact monitoring, medical prescription system, bioprinting, preventive therapy, and individualized drug printing. Based on application, the market is segmented into clinical data management, trial monitoring, patient recruitment and enrollment. The pharma clinical trial digitization market on the basis of theme is segmented into digital continuity across clinical trial IT systems, patient-centric remote and virtual trial design and direct-to-patient home services.

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Competitive Landscape

Pharma clinical trial digitization market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, production capacities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product width and breadth, application dominance. The above data points provided are only related to the companies focus related to pharma clinical trial digitization market.

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Table of Contents: Global Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market

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Pharma Clinical Trial Digitization Market: 2020 Global Segment Analysis (Services, Application, Themes, Country), Future Trend Rising at +5.70% CAGR...

IRVING, Texas, Sept. 9, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --Caris Life Sciences, a leading innovator in molecular science focused on fulfilling the promise of precision medicine, announced today that Brian J. Brille, Vice Chairman of the Company, will participate in a fireside chat at the 18th Annual Morgan Stanley Global Healthcare Conference Thursday, Sept. 17, 2020, at 9:30 a.m. Eastern time.

Mr. Brille will provide an overview of Caris' business, along with its suite of market-leading molecular profiling offerings, and discuss recent corporate growth initiatives that position Caris to further extend its leadership reach in the market. Thomas Parker, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Caris, will be available for Q&A.

Attendees who would like to schedule a one-on-one meeting with Caris executives may do so by contacting their Morgan Stanley representative.

About Caris Life SciencesCaris Life Sciences is a leading innovator in molecular science focused on fulfilling the promise of precision medicine through quality and innovation. The company's suite of market-leading molecular profiling offerings assesses DNA, RNA and proteins to reveal a molecular blueprint that helps physicians and cancer patients make more precise and personalized treatment decisions. MI Exome whole exome sequencing with 22,000 DNA genes, and MI Transcriptome whole transcriptome sequencing with 22,000 RNA genes along with cancer-related pathogens, bacteria, viruses and fungi analysis run on every patient provides the most comprehensive and clinically relevant DNA and RNA profiling available on the market.

Caris is also advancing precision medicine with Caris MAI (Molecular Artificial Intelligence) that combines its innovative service offerings, Caris Molecular Intelligence with its proprietary artificial intelligence analytics engine, DEAN, to analyze the whole exome, whole transcriptome and complete cancer proteome. This information, coupled with mature clinical outcomes on thousands of patients, provides unmatched molecular solutions for patients, physicians, payers and biopharmaceutical organizations.

Caris Pharmatech is changing the paradigm and streamlines the clinical trial process by assisting biopharma companies with accessing research-ready oncology sites for clinical trials. With over 200 research sites within the Caris Pharmatech JIT Oncology Network, biopharma companies can identify and enroll more patients, faster. Caris Pharmatech Just-In-Time Clinical Trial Solutions focus on rapid site activation and patient enrollment to streamline the drug development process. By implementing a Just-In-Time (JIT) Research System, site activation and patient enrollment is achievable within 14 days for pre-registered locations with pre-qualified patients.

Headquartered in Irving, Texas, Caris Life Sciences has offices in Phoenix, Denver, New York, and Basel, Switzerland. Caris provides services throughout the U.S., Europe, Asia and other international markets. To learn more, please visitwww.CarisLifeSciences.comor follow us on Twitter (@CarisLS).

Investor Inquiries:Argot Partners [emailprotected]212-600-1902

Media Contact: Lindsey BailysGCI Health[emailprotected]212-798-9884

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Caris Life Sciences Announces Participation in the 18th Annual Morgan Stanley Global Healthcare Conference - PRNewswire

MOH approves Cocoon Platform to manufacture a CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy for Phase II clinical trial for B-cell malignancies.

Contract Pharma Staff09.09.20

Lonza and Sheba Medical Center announced the first patient has been treated at Sheba Medical Center with a CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy manufactured using Lonzas Cocoon Platform. The Cocoon Platform is an automated and functionally closed system for patient-scale cell therapy manufacturing, designed to overcome some of the manufacturing challenges of manually producing personalized medicines, including autologous CAR-T cell therapies.

Sheba Medical Center and Lonza have collaborated to translate Shebas open, manual manufacturing process into the Cocoon Platform since mid-2019. Teams from Lonza Personalized Medicine and Collaborative Innovation Center (CIC) in Haifa, IL worked closely with Sheba Medical Center to complete process development, tech transfer, training and a full clinical comparability study requiring regulatory approval before the first patient could be treated. The approval of the Cocoon Platform clinical comparability study illustrates the platforms flexibility and ability to manufacture a final cell immunotherapy which is comparable to the original manual process while meeting the extensive patient safety criteria.

Sheba and Lonza plan to treat additional patients under the same CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy protocol using the Cocoon Platform. The Cocoon Platform will enable Sheba to reduce immunotherapy manufacturing costs by lowering manpower, time, and space requirements. The goal is to ultimately allow Sheba to deliver potentially curative cellular immunotherapies to more patients.

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CD19 CAR-T Therapy Manufactured Using Lonza's Cocoon Platform - Contract Pharma

New York, Sept. 08, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Wearable Electronics Industry" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p03180729/?utm_source=GNW After smartphones and tablets, smart wearables is the new innovation taking the technology to a fevered pitch in the consumer electronics industry. These tiny devices hold the potential to replace smartphones, make the many benefits of digital health real and achievable, enable the rise of hyper-connected interactive enterprises, and make clothing smart, fashionable, functional and comfortable. Benefits of wearables devices include lightweight, extreme portability, durable, easily transportable, convenience, ease-of-use and comfort. Smartwatch is the most popular form and dominant factor for wearables. Other evolving new designs include smart glasses, goggles, bracelets, armbands, necklaces, lanyards, pins, clips, headbands, headsets, belts, shoes, shirts, Jackets and pants, among others. The biggest area of impact in electronic wearables is in the healthcare industry. Medical grade wearables are poised to create a revolution in personalized digital healthcare. Wearables will enable telehealth via remote patient monitoring (RPM) capabilities making healthcare services more efficient, self-determined and cost efficient. Opportunities in this space are immense as the current healthcare system seeks to utilize telehealth to advance value based care goals. A key benefit of telehealth is its ability to drive positive patient experience and eliminate access barriers to offer patient-centric and convenient care. Wearables will also play a key role in precision medicine by providing physicians better knowledge of patients health. Integration of sensors such as physiological sensors and biochemical sensors will provide continuous monitoring of a patients vital signs and timely clinical decisions can be taken such as therapy modifications based on subtle changes observed in health patterns.

From simple biophysical/ biochemical monitoring (BP & diabetes), continuous innovation will expand applications to more advanced continuous arrhythmia detection and monitoring blood pulse signals from human femoral, carotid and radial arteries. Another exciting area of innovation is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) enabled Healthbot applications in smartwatches designed to help patients with disease/therapy management and counselling. Healthbots have the potential to expand the outreach of healthcare services especially in countries and regions where doctor to patient ratio is low thus creating a bottleneck in accessing primary care services. In the addition to healthcare, clothing also represents and emerging area of opportunity for wearables. Innovative development of flexible, transparent graphene electrodes and their integration into commonly used textile fibers will be the first step forward in revolutionizing e-textiles. Significant R&D resources are therefore being sunk into developing processes and engineering techniques to integrate graphene in textiles as it hold the key that will unlock a new universe of commercial application opportunities in the coming years. The United States and Europe represent large markets worldwide with a combined share of 67.9% of the market. China ranks as the fastest growing market with a CAGR of 28.4% over the analysis period supported by the fact that the country leads the world in digital health adoption.

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p03180729/?utm_source=GNW

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & REPORT SCOPE

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET OVERVIEW Wearable Technology: The Transition from Science Fiction to Reality Historical Journey of Wearable Technology Applications & Solutions of Wearable Electronics Wearable Electronics Market: Expanding Applications of Miniaturized, High Performance Wearable Devices Boosts Prospects Wrist-Wear Dominates Global Wearable Electronics Market Consumer Electronics: The Largest End-Use Market Developed Regions Lead, Developing Regions at the Forefront of Future Growth Global Competitor Market Shares Wearable Electronics Competitor Market Share Scenario Worldwide (in %): 2019 Impact of Covid-19 and a Looming Global Recession

2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS Apple, Inc. (USA) Bose Corporation (USA) Epson America, Inc. (USA) Fitbit, Inc. (USA) Garmin Ltd. (USA) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (China) Infineon Technologies AG (Germany) LG Electronics, Inc. (South Korea) Lifesense Group B.V. (The Netherlands) Lumus Ltd. (Israel) Misfit, Inc. (USA) Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (USA) ReSound (Denmark) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (South Korea) Shimmer Research, Inc. (Ireland) Sony Corporation (Japan) Texas Instruments, Inc. (USA) Titan Industries Ltd. (India) Vuzix Corporation (USA) Xiaomi Corporation (China)

3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS Expanding Internet Connectivity and Growing Consumer Demand for Advanced Wearable Devices Fuels Market Prospects Rapid Increase in Penetration Rate of Internet: 2018 Vs. 2009 Rising Number of IoT and Connected Devices Drive Growth in Wearable Electronics Market World IoT Market: Number of Connected Devices (in Million) for Years 2016, 2018E, 2020P and 2022P Market Share Scenario of Connected Devices in Global Internet of Things (IoT) by Geographic Region: 2019 & 2024 Growing Prominence of Wearable Tech in Healthcare Propels Market Growth Global Digital Healthcare Opportunity (in US$ Billion) for the Years 2017, 2019, 2022, 2024 and 2026 Chronic Diseases Management: A Key Focus Area Need for Continuous Monitoring of Elderly Patients as Part of Chronic Disease Management Drives Growth: Number of People Aged 65+ Years in Million by Geographic Region for the Years 2019 and 2030 Rising Consumer Awareness about Health & Fitness Spells Growth for Wearables Potential Role for Wearable Electronics in Patient Monitoring and Tracking Systems Smart Clothing Gains Acceptance in Neonatal Monitoring Wearables Technology Makes Diabetes Manageable Rising Diabetes Prevalence Presents Opportunity for Wearable Electronics Market: Number of Adults (20-79) with Diabetes (in Millions) by Region for 2019 and 2045 ECG Monitoring Wearables: A Promising Area of Growth Increasing Significance of Wearables in Pain Management Wearable Sleep Monitoring Technology Wearable EEG Monitors Smart Medical Textile Garments: An Emerging Area of Interest Wrist Wear: A Revolutionary Wearable Phenomenon Fuels Growth Hybrid Smartwatch Sales Drive Market Growth Smart Glasses for Multiple Industry Applications With Wearable Computing Gaining Mainstream Attention, the Time is Ripe for Mobility in the Realm of Augmented Reality Growing Technology & Commercialization Activity Surrounding AR to Benefit Development of Smart AR Glasses: Global Market for Augmented Reality Hardware, Software & Applications (in US$ Million) for the Years 2015, 2018 & 2022 Global % Share Breakdown of Wearable AR Devices in the Market by Form Factor (2019) Activity Trackers to Lead Growth in Wearable Sports and Fitness Devices Market A Comparative Review of Popular Fitness Trackers Increasing Obesity Levels Underpin Market Growth Global Obesity Epidemic: Percentage of Overweight, Obese, and Severely Obese Adults for 2014 & 2025 Smart Clothing Transforming the Wearable Technology Products Market Smart Fabrics: The Next Big Wave of Wearables Novel Opportunities for Smart Fabrics across Various Sectors Healthcare Transportation Sports & Fitness Workwear Microencapsulation & Nanotechnologies: Harbingers of Future Growth Hearables, the Smart Headphones, Come to the Fore Increasing Popularity of Wearables in Infotainment & Gaming Industry Enterprise Applications of Wearables Present Growth Potential for Wearable Electronics Market Wearable Technology Boosts CRM Rising Adoption of Wearable Technology in Industrial Sector Drives Growth Cloud Computing Drives the Momentum in Wearable Electronics Market Combination of AI and Wearable Technology Transforms the Wearable Electronics Market Global Market for Wearable AI in US$ Billion for the Years 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024 Development of Low Power Electronics: An Opportunity for Wearable Electronics Market Ultra-low Power Microcontrollers Extend Battery Life of High- Performing, New Generation Wearable Devices: Global Ultra-low Power Microcontroller Market (In US$ Billion) for the Years 2018, 2020, 2022 & 2025 A Peek into Enabling Technologies Technical Aspects of Wearable Devices Sensor Integration for Advanced Wearable Technology Battery Power: An Important Criterion for Success Technology Advancements Power Wearable Electronics Market Collaboration Vital for Innovations in Wearable Tech Key Challenges Confronting Wearable Electronics Market Common Issues with Wearable Electronics Wearables Attract Venture Capital Funding

4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE Table 1: World Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 2: World 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 3: World Current & Future Analysis for Wristwear by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 4: World 7-Year Perspective for Wristwear by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 5: World Current & Future Analysis for Eyewear by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 6: World 7-Year Perspective for Eyewear by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 7: World Current & Future Analysis for Hearables by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 8: World 7-Year Perspective for Hearables by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 9: World Current & Future Analysis for Bodywear by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 10: World 7-Year Perspective for Bodywear by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 11: World Current & Future Analysis for Other Products by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 12: World 7-Year Perspective for Other Products by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 13: World Current & Future Analysis for Memory by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 14: World 7-Year Perspective for Memory by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 15: World Current & Future Analysis for Sensor by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 16: World 7-Year Perspective for Sensor by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 17: World Current & Future Analysis for Display by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 18: World 7-Year Perspective for Display by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 19: World Current & Future Analysis for Connectivity by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 20: World 7-Year Perspective for Connectivity by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 21: World Current & Future Analysis for PCBs by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 22: World 7-Year Perspective for PCBs by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 23: World Current & Future Analysis for Other Components by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 24: World 7-Year Perspective for Other Components by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 25: World Current & Future Analysis for Consumer Electronics by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 26: World 7-Year Perspective for Consumer Electronics by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 27: World Current & Future Analysis for Healthcare by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 28: World 7-Year Perspective for Healthcare by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 29: World Current & Future Analysis for Enterprise & Industrial by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 30: World 7-Year Perspective for Enterprise & Industrial by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 31: World Current & Future Analysis for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 32: World 7-Year Perspective for Other Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2020 & 2027

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

GEOGRAPHIC MARKET ANALYSIS

UNITED STATES Wearable Electronics Market in the US: An Overview Penetration of Wearables among Adults in the US: Adult Wearable Users as % of Population Americans Rise Up to ?Quantified Self? Evolving Healthcare in the US to Drive Demand for Wireless Devices Wearable Devices to Mitigate Medical Concerns of Elderly Individuals US Population Breakdown by Age Group (in %) for 2019 Table 33: USA Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 34: USA 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 35: USA Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 36: USA 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 37: USA Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 38: USA 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

CANADA Table 39: Canada Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 40: Canada 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 41: Canada Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 42: Canada 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 43: Canada Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 44: Canada 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

JAPAN Table 45: Japan Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 46: Japan 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 47: Japan Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 48: Japan 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 49: Japan Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 50: Japan 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

CHINA Wearable Technology Adoption on the Rise in China Chinese Wearable Electronics Market Share Analysis (in %): 2019 Table 51: China Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 52: China 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 53: China Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 54: China 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 55: China Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 56: China 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

EUROPE Market Facts & Figures European Wearable Electronics Market: Competitor Market Share Scenario (in %) for 2019 Market Analytics Table 57: Europe Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2020 through 2027

Table 58: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2020 & 2027

Table 59: Europe Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 60: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 61: Europe Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 62: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 63: Europe Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 64: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

FRANCE Table 65: France Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 66: France 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 67: France Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 68: France 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 69: France Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 70: France 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

GERMANY Table 71: Germany Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 72: Germany 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 73: Germany Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 74: Germany 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 75: Germany Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 76: Germany 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

ITALY Table 77: Italy Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 78: Italy 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 79: Italy Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 80: Italy 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 81: Italy Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 82: Italy 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

UNITED KINGDOM Table 83: UK Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 84: UK 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 85: UK Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Component - Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 86: UK 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Memory, Sensor, Display, Connectivity, PCBs and Other Components for the Years 2020 & 2027

Table 87: UK Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Application - Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 88: UK 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Consumer Electronics, Healthcare, Enterprise & Industrial and Other Applications for the Years 2020 & 2027

REST OF EUROPE Table 89: Rest of Europe Current & Future Analysis for Wearable Electronics by Product - Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2020 through 2027

Table 90: Rest of Europe 7-Year Perspective for Wearable Electronics by Product - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Wristwear, Eyewear, Hearables, Bodywear and Other Products for the Years 2020 & 2027

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The global market for Wearable Electronics is projected to reach US$61.4 billion by 2025 - GlobeNewswire

Yes, even your metabolism has a memory and it can hold a grudge for years. In people with diabetes, periods of high blood sugar can negatively impact their health years later, even if they get their blood sugar under control. While this metabolic memory phenomenon has been known for years, why it happens is poorly understood.

Rama Natarajan, Ph.D., Professor and Chair of the Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism at City of Hope, turned to our epigenome for the answer.

Weve shown the first link between DNA methylation in blood and stems cells, blood sugar history, and future development of complications, said Natarajan. This highlights the importance of good glycemic control to prevent long-term complications.

The history of metabolic memory

We now know high blood sugar can lead to a variety of complications, including eye disease, kidney disease, nerve problems, heart disease, and stroke. But the relationship between strict blood sugar control and complication risk wasnt well understood before the 1980s.

Back in 1983, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) began tracking complications in 1,441 participants with type 1 diabetes. Researchers compared the occurrence of long-term complications between participants who tightly regulated their blood glucose levels to those who followed less strict standard regulation.

After 10 years, the difference was striking the risk of diabetic complications was reduced in participants who tightly regulated their blood sugar but not in those following standard regulation. In other words, a person with higher blood sugar had a higher risk of complications.

To continue following the DCCT patients, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) follow-up trial began at the end of DCCT in 1993 and is ongoing. At the end of DCCT, all participants were encouraged to adopt strict blood sugar regulation; many in the standard regulation group did.

Despite blood sugar regulation being very similar in all the patients (as measured by hemoglobin A1c, called HbA1c), differences persisted between the two original intervention groups. The phenomenon of long-term effects from high or variable blood sugar control is called metabolic memory (or the legacy effect in type 2 diabetes).

Complications resulted from total high blood sugar exposure it didnt matter whether the person was exposed to slightly elevated levels over a long time or high levels over a short time.

So, what caused the sweet sugar molecule to become so destructive?

Sugary destruction

Extra sugar in your blood can interact with your cells, DNA, and proteins, adding itself onto things it shouldnt be on through a process called glycation. In fact, HbA1c can be thought of as sugar-coated red blood cells.

The sugar-coated molecules cant function as well, if at all, and the damage begins a self-perpetuating cycle. Not only do these damaged molecules stop working, they can also accumulate in the skin, eyes, and other organs, causing damage. Build-up of sugar-coated molecules can trigger the creation of harmful free radicals, causing oxidative stress and feeding a destructive cycle.

Although sugar can directly modify molecules, it can also trigger other epigenetic modifications. These modifications can control how genes are expressed, changing protein levels in cells.

There hasnt been a strong genetic association with diabetic complications very few genetic mutations have been strongly linked to complications, Natarajan explained. But we knew the epigenome is what makes identical twins different and can have implications into why one gets diabetes or cancer and the other doesnt. So, we turned our focus to epigenetics.

Epigenetics and diabetes

Natarajan sought to explain the long-term sugary destruction wrought by high blood sugar by searching the epigenome. Her lab specifically looks for one type of modification called DNA methylation, where a tiny molecule called a methyl group is added onto DNA.

Epigenetics is the coating on top of genetics that can be altered by environmental influences, Natarajan said. We started focusing on the role of epigenetics in developing diabetes and its complications because we know that lifestyles, improper diet, lack of exercise, and even viruses can affect epigenetics.

Natarajans lab began collaborating with the DCCT trial group, analyzing data collected through the trial for epigenetic clues to explain the metabolic memory of complications. They found more modifications associated with active genes on proteins called histones that are wrapped by DNA in participants with regular blood sugar control compared to the strict controllers. Even more interesting was that many epigenetic DNA methylation variations between the two groups persisted through at least 17 years of follow-up in the EDIC study.

These changes were in important genes related to complications, showing something about persistent epigenetic programming in peripheral blood cells, commented Natarajan. Previous high blood sugar episodes could be a key factor in why these genes were continually misbehaving.

Now, Natarajans lab illuminated even more links between epigenetic changes, blood sugar history, and metabolic memory in their recent Nature Metabolism paper. Persistent epigenetic modifications of a few key genes were detected in participants with previously less regulated blood sugar who developed either retinopathy or nephropathy. They showed that DNA methylation is a key link between a patients HbA1c history, metabolic memory, and development of future complications.

Many HbA1c-associated modifications were in stem cells and the blood cells they create. Even though blood cells are turned over relatively quickly, stem cells stick around for a long-time, so changes in stem cells can have long-term consequences.

The important thing we found was the connection to stem cells, explained Natarajan. Were asking how these changes alter inflammatory gene expression and how we can interrupt those pathways.

Sugar-modified genes arent so sweet

Natarajans lab sorted through all the modified genes to find the most common modifications in participants with less strict blood sugar control. The most commonly modified gene coded for thioredoxin-interacting protein (TxNIP).

TxNIP is not a new protein, but the discovery that its DNA methylation is altered by different glycemic control is new, Natarajan added.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein is known to be highly regulated in certain pancreas cells, called beta cells, that release insulin. The plot thickened when high blood sugar was found to increase TxNIP protein production. Even more interesting, high TxNIP protein levels make beta-cells dysfunctional, ultimately leading to their untimely death. So, high blood sugar triggers more TxNIP to be produced, possibly through epigenetic modifications of the TxNIP gene, which ultimately leads to the death of insulin-producing beta cells.

Showing that the TxNIP gene can be epigenetically modified for years and years suggests that it could be one of the culprits causing long-term problems in diabetes, Natarajan said.

The proteins that TxNIP interacts with, called thioredoxins, protect against oxidative stress. TxNIP can bind to and inactivate thioredoxin to increase oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In mouse cells in a dish, high glucose exposure triggered increased ROS levels mediated by TxNIP, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can trigger cell and organ damage, so this could be one mechanism explaining diabetes-induced damage.

Her lab also found epigenetic changes in other genes related to inflammation and inflammation-related processes.

Next steps and clinical implications

Natarajans lab is continuing to study the link between blood sugar history, epigenetics, and other complications of diabetes. They are also expanding their scope, searching the entire genome for more epigenetic modifications linked with past blood sugar maintenance.

This study also lays the groundwork for further studies with meaningful clinical implications, including developing epigenetic biomarkers for diabetic complications. In the future, Natarajan says a simple blood test looking at key epigenetic modifications, along with HbA1c history, could be used to predict future risk of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. This would allow the doctor to figure out who should have early and more aggressive treatment to mitigate complication risk.

While these studies were done in type 1 diabetes patients, other studies in type 2 diabetes patients have shown similar epigenetic modifications after history of higher blood sugar levels.

Turning knowledge into potential drugs

What about doing something about the epigenetic modifications can we remove them? As a matter of fact, yes!

There is an interesting new type of experimental drug on the horizon called epigenetic editing. The hot new technology CRISPR isnt just for cutting out chunks of DNA or controlling genes it can also be used to insert or remove epigenetic modifications. While this technology is still experimental and in early preclinical animal studies, the potential is very exciting.

A CRISPR/enzyme pair can be used the CRISPR genetic material can hunt down the genetic spot you want to change; and the attached enzyme can snip or add certain molecules to the DNA, effectively removing or creating an epigenetic modification, thereby activating or silencing the targeted gene.

Enzymes such as methyltransferase or demethylase can add or remove methyl groups from genes. Because they just change what is on the gene or histone wrapped around it (not the genetic sequence itself), the gene itself isnt tampered with, meaning there could be less genetic complications associated with CRISPR epigenetic editing.

This is a futuristic thing, Natarajan concluded. The combination of genetics and epigenetics is going to be the future of personalized medicine.

Original post:
Can High Blood Sugar Haunt People with Diabetes Even After it is Under Control? - BioSpace

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Global Digital PCR (d-PCR) Market: Focus on Product-Type, Application, End User, Region, and Competitive Landscape - Analysis and Forecast, 2020-2025" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The publisher's healthcare experts have found digital PCR (d-PCR) market to be one of the most rapidly evolving markets and the global market for digital PCR (d-PCR) is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 17.57% over the forecast period of 2020-2025. The market is driven by certain factors, which include the rising incidence of infectious disease, such as recent pandemic COVID-19, inciting the development of high-throughput diagnostics, increasing adoption of personalized medicine for the screening and diagnostics of genetic disorders, and significant external funding for executing R&D exercises.

The market is favored by the development of digital PCR-based solutions for early diagnosis and rare mutation detection with absolute quantification of the target sample. The gradual increase in the prevalence of infectious disease due to pandemic COVID-19 globally has furthered the digital PCR (d-PCR) market.

Furthermore, several diagnostic companies are focusing on the development of digital PCR diagnostics with higher sensitivity and low turn-around time to benefit the patients, enabling patient-based outcomes.

Within the research report, the market is segmented on the basis of product type, application, end users, and region. Each of these segments covers the snapshot of the market over the projected years, the inclination of the market revenue, underlying patterns, and trends by using analytics on the primary and secondary data obtained.

Market Report Coverage - Digital PCR (d-PCR)

Market Segmentation

Regional Segmentation

Key Questions Answered in this Report:

Market Dynamics

Drivers

Restraints

Opportunities

Companies Mentioned

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/c5wtke

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Global Digital PCR Market (2020 to 2025) - Focus on Product-type, Application, End-user, Region, and Competitive Landscape - ResearchAndMarkets.com -...

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 4, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Blueprint Medicines Corporation (NASDAQ: BPMC), a precision therapy company focused on genomically defined cancers, rare diseases and cancer immunotherapy, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved GAVRETO (pralsetinib) for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as detected by an FDA approved test.The approval is based on data from the Phase 1/2 ARROW clinical trial, which showed efficacy for GAVRETO in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC with or without prior therapy, and regardless of RET fusion partner or central nervous system involvement. Under Blueprint Medicines' collaboration with Roche, Blueprint Medicines and Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, will co-commercialize GAVRETO in the U.S.

GAVRETO is a once-daily oral RET-targeted therapy developed by Blueprint Medicines. It is designed to selectively and potently inhibit RET alterations that drive many cancer types, including approximately 1 to 2 percent of patients with NSCLC.Currently, RET is one of seven NSCLC biomarkers that can be targeted with an FDA-approved therapy.

"Targeted therapies have dramatically improved care for patients with non-small cell lung cancer driven by oncogenes, including EGFR and ALK, and the approval of the selective RET inhibitor pralsetinib, or GAVRETO, marks another milestone in a paradigm shift toward precision medicine," said Vivek Subbiah, M.D., associate professor of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics and center medical director of the Clinical Center for Targeted Therapy at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and an investigator on the ARROW trial. "Patients treated with GAVRETO had durable clinical responses, with a subset achieving complete responses characterized by the resolution of all target lesions, an uncommon outcome in metastatic lung cancer. We observed this activity with or without prior therapy and regardless of RET fusion partner or the presence of brain metastases. This approval represents an important advance with the potential to change standards of care for patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer, who have historically had limited treatment options."

"GAVRETO is the second breakthrough therapy discovered by Blueprint Medicines that has received FDA approval in 2020, less than 10 years since the company started operations. This progress reflects the power of our scientific platform, our focus on delivering transformative outcomes to patients and our urgency to address important medical needs," said Jeff Albers, Chief Executive Officer of Blueprint Medicines. "We are working with our partner Genentech to rapidly bring GAVRETO to healthcare providers and patients in the U.S., applying our complementary capabilities to support patient identification and access to treatment. Ultimately, we aim to accelerate the identification of patients with RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer and enable them to rapidly access treatment with GAVRETO."

GAVRETO was granted accelerated approval by the FDA1, and continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial. In 87 patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, the overall response rate (ORR) was 57 percent (95% CI: 46%, 68%) with a 5.7 percent complete response (CR) rate, and the median duration of response (DOR) was not estimable (95% CI: 15.2 months, not estimable). In 27 treatment-nave patients who were ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy per the study protocol, the ORR was 70 percent (95% CI: 50%, 86%) with an 11 percent CR rate, and the median DOR was 9.0 months (95% CI: 6.3 months, not estimable). GAVRETO has warnings and precautions of interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhagic events, risk of impaired wound healing and risk of embryo-fetal toxicity.

"We applaud therapeutic advancements like GAVRETO that allow lung cancer treatment to be personalized based on the molecular drivers in a person's tumor," said Andrea Ferris, President and CEO of LUNGevity. "There are now a number of tumor-specific gene alterations that can be targeted with FDA-approved therapies, reflecting an important inflection point supporting the widespread use of comprehensive biomarker testing. At LUNGevity, we want to empower patients and their families to discuss biomarker testing with clinicians prior to initiating treatment."

Biomarker testing for RET is the only way to identify patients with metastatic NSCLC who are candidates for treatment with GAVRETO. RET fusions can be identified with available biomarker tests, including next-generation sequencing with tumor tissue or liquid biopsies. In the ARROW trial, RET fusions were detected using next-generation sequencing, FISH or other methods.

Blueprint Medicines and Genentech plan to make GAVRETO available in the U.S. within one week. GAVRETO will be available in a 100 mg dose strength, and the recommended starting dose is 400 mg once daily.

Blueprint Medicines isdedicated to helping patients access treatment with GAVRETO and delivering support throughout their treatment journey. As part of this commitment,Blueprint Medicines is providing YourBlueprint, a patient support program that offers access and affordability solutions for individuals receiving GAVRETO. For more information, visitYourBlueprint.comor call 1-888-BLUPRNT (1-888-258-7768), Monday to Friday,8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET. Healthcare providers who prescribe GAVRETO can fill out an enrollment form at YourBlueprint.com/HCPto help patients access thesupport services.

GAVRETO is a cornerstone precision medicine for Blueprint Medicines, supporting its commitment to advance targeted therapies for patients with NSCLC. As previously announced in November 2019, Blueprint Medicines is pursuing two research programs targeting well-characterized resistance mutations in patients with EGFR-driven NSCLC.

New Drug Application Accepted by FDA for the Treatment of RET-Mutant Medullary Thyroid Cancer and RET Fusion-Positive Thyroid Cancer

Blueprint Medicines today announced the FDA has accepted the company's new drug application (NDA) for pralsetinib for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer. This NDA was accepted for review under the FDA's Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) pilot program, which aims to explore a more efficient review process to ensure safe and effective treatments are available to patients as early as possible. The FDA granted priority review and set an action date of February 28, 2021 under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act.

Conference Call Information

Blueprint Medicines will host a live webcast on Tuesday, September 8, 2020 beginning at 8:00 a.m. ET to discuss the FDA approval of GAVRETO. To access the live call, please dial (855) 728-4793 (domestic) or (503) 343-6666 (international) and refer to conference ID 6266646. A webcast of the conference call will be available under "Events and Presentations" in the Investors & Media section of Blueprint Medicines' website at http://ir.blueprintmedicines.com. The archived webcast will be available on Blueprint Medicines' website approximately two hours after the conference call and will be available for 90 days following the call.

About GAVRETO (pralsetinib)

GAVRETO (pralsetinib) is a once-daily oral targeted therapy approved by the FDA for the treatment of adults with metastatic RET fusion-positive NSCLC as detected by an FDA approved test.It is designed to selectively and potently target oncogenic RET alterations. In pre-clinical studies, GAVRETO inhibited RET at lower concentrations than other pharmacologically relevant kinases, including VEGFR2, FGFR2 and JAK2.For more information, visit GAVRETO.com.

GAVRETO is not approved for the treatment of any other indication in the U.S. by the FDA or for any indication in any other jurisdiction by any other health authority.

Blueprint Medicines and Roche are co-developing pralsetinib globally (excluding Greater China) for the treatment of patients with RET-altered NSCLC, various types of thyroid cancer and other solid tumors. The FDA has accepted an NDA for pralsetinib for the treatment of RET-mutant MTC and RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer, and the European Medicines Agency has validated a marketing authorization application for pralsetinib for the treatment of RET fusion-positive NSCLC. The FDA has granted breakthrough therapy designation to pralsetinib for the treatment of RET fusion-positive NSCLC that has progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy and for RET mutation-positive MTC that requires systemic treatment and for which there are no acceptable alternative treatments.

Blueprint Medicines has an exclusive collaboration and license agreement with CStone Pharmaceuticals for the development and commercialization of pralsetinib in Greater China, which encompasses Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

Enrollment is ongoing in the Phase 1/2 ARROW trial, including for patients with various RET fusion-positive solid tumors, and the Phase 3 AcceleRET Lung trial for treatment-nave patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC. For more information about pralsetinib clinical trials, visit http://www.clinicaltrials.gov or http://www.blueprintclinicaltrials.com.

About RET-Altered Solid Tumors

RET activating fusions and mutations are key disease drivers in many cancer types, including NSCLC and multiple types of thyroid cancer. RET fusions are implicated in approximately 1 to 2 percent of patients with NSCLC and approximately 10 to 20 percent of patients with papillary thyroid cancer, while RET mutations are implicated in approximately 90 percent of patients with advanced MTC. In addition, oncogenic RET fusions are observed at low frequencies in colorectal, breast, pancreatic and other cancers, as well as in patients with treatment-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Important Safety Information

Pneumonitisoccurred in 10% of patients who received GAVRETO, including 2.7% with Grade 3/4, and 0.5% with fatal reactions. Monitor for pulmonary symptoms indicative of interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis. Withhold GAVRETO and promptly investigate for ILD in any patient who presents with acute or worsening of respiratory symptoms (e.g., dyspnea, cough, and fever). Withhold, reduce dose or permanently discontinue GAVRETO based on severity of confirmed ILD.

Hypertensionoccurred in 29% of patients, including Grade 3 hypertension in 14% of patients. Overall, 7% had their dose interrupted and 3.2% had their dose reduced for hypertension. Treatment-emergent hypertension was most commonly managed with anti-hypertension medications. Do not initiate GAVRETO in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Optimize blood pressure prior to initiating GAVRETO. Monitor blood pressure after 1 week, at least monthly thereafter and as clinically indicated. Initiate or adjust anti-hypertensive therapy as appropriate. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue GAVRETO based on the severity.

Hepatotoxicity: Serious hepatic adverse reactions occurred in 2.1% of patients treated with GAVRETO. Increased AST occurred in 69% of patients, including Grade 3/4 in 5.4% and increased ALT occurred in 46% of patients, including Grade 3/4 in 6%. The median time to first onset for increased AST was 15 days (range: 5 days to 1.5 years) and increased ALT was 22 days (range: 7 days to 1.7 years). Monitor AST and ALT prior to initiating GAVRETO, every 2 weeks during the first 3 months, then monthly thereafter and as clinically indicated. Withhold, reduce dose or permanently discontinue GAVRETO based on severity.

Grade 3 hemorrhagic events occurred in 2.5% of patients treated with GAVRETO including one patient with a fatal hemorrhagic event. Permanently discontinue GAVRETO in patients with severe or life-threatening hemorrhage.

Impaired wound healingcan occur in patients who receive drugs that inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. Therefore, GAVRETO has the potential to adversely affect wound healing. Withhold GAVRETO for at least 5 days prior to elective surgery. Do not administer for at least 2 weeks following major surgery and until adequate wound healing. The safety of resumption of GAVRETO after resolution of wound healing complications has not been established.

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, GAVRETO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraception during treatment with GAVRETO and for 2 weeks after the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with GAVRETO and for 1 week after the final dose. Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with GAVRETO and for 1 week after the final dose.

Common adverse reactions (25%)were fatigue, constipation, musculoskeletal pain, and hypertension. Common Grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities (2%) were decreased lymphocytes, decreased neutrophils, decreased phosphate, decreased hemoglobin, decreased sodium, decreased calcium (corrected) and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A inhibitors. Avoid coadministration of GAVRETO with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inhibitors. If coadministration cannot be avoided, reduce the GAVRETO dose. Avoid coadministration of GAVRETO with strong CYP3A inducers. If coadministration cannot be avoided, increase the GAVRETO dose.

Please click here to see the full Prescribing Information for GAVRETO.

About Blueprint Medicines

Blueprint Medicines is a precision therapy company striving to improve human health. With a focus on genomically defined cancers, rare diseases and cancer immunotherapy, we are developing transformational medicines rooted in our leading expertise in protein kinases, which are proven drivers of disease. Our uniquely targeted, scalable approach empowers the rapid design and development of new treatments and increases the likelihood of clinical success. We have two FDA-approved precision therapies and are currently advancing multiple investigational medicines in clinical development, along with a number of research programs. For more information, visit http://www.BlueprintMedicines.comand follow us onTwitter(@BlueprintMeds) andLinkedIn.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including, without limitation, statements regarding Blueprint Medicines' views with respect to the approval of GAVRETO and the implications of such approval for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals; expectations regarding the ability to accelerate the identification of patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC; expectations regarding when GAVRETO will be commercially available in the U.S. and patients' ability to rapidly access treatment with GAVRETO; Blueprint Medicines' plans and ability to provide robust support services for patients prescribed GAVRETO through YourBlueprint; plans for Blueprint Medicines and Roche to expand development of pralsetinib in additional treatment settings; plans, timelines and expectations for interactions with the FDA and other regulatory authorities, including for the separate NDA for pralsetinib for the treatment of patients with RET-mutant MTC and RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer; the potential benefits of Blueprint Medicines' current and future approved drugs or drug candidates in treating patients; and Blueprint Medicines' strategy, goals and anticipated milestones, business plans and focus. The words "aim," "may," "will," "could," "would," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "intend," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "project," "potential," "continue," "target" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management's current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and important factors that may cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements contained in this press release, including, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to Blueprint Medicines' business, operations, strategy, goals and anticipated milestones, including Blueprint Medicines' ongoing and planned research and discovery activities, ability to conduct ongoing and planned clinical trials, clinical supply of current or future drug candidates, commercial supply of current or future approved products, and launching, marketing and selling current or future approved products; Blueprint Medicines' ability and plans in establishing a commercial infrastructure, and successfully launching, marketing and selling current or future approved products, including AYVAKIT (avapritinib) and GAVRETO; Blueprint Medicines' ability to successfully expand the approved indications for AYVAKIT and GAVRETO or obtain marketing approval for AYVAKIT and GAVRETO in additional geographies in the future; the delay of any current or planned clinical trials or the development of Blueprint Medicines' current or future drug candidates; Blueprint Medicines' advancement of multiple early-stage efforts; Blueprint Medicines' ability to successfully demonstrate the safety and efficacy of its drug candidates and gain approval of its drug candidates on a timely basis, if at all; the preclinical and clinical results for Blueprint Medicines' drug candidates, which may not support further development of such drug candidates; actions of regulatory agencies, which may affect the initiation, timing and progress of clinical trials; Blueprint Medicines' ability to develop and commercialize companion diagnostic tests for its current and future drug candidates; and the success of Blueprint Medicines' current and future collaborations, partnerships or licensing arrangements, including Blueprint Medicines' global collaboration with Roche for the development and commercialization of pralsetinib. These and other risks and uncertainties are described in greater detail in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Blueprint Medicines' filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including Blueprint Medicines' most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by its most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any other filings that Blueprint Medicines has made or may make with the SEC in the future. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release represent Blueprint Medicines' views only as of the date hereof and should not be relied upon as representing its views as of any subsequent date. Except as required by law, Blueprint Medicines explicitly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Reference

1GAVRETO (pralsetinib) Prescribing Information (U.S.).Blueprint Medicines Corporation,Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;September 2020.

Trademarks

Blueprint Medicines, AYVAKIT, GAVRETO, YourBlueprint and associated logos are trademarks of Blueprint Medicines Corporation.

View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/blueprint-medicines-announces-fda-approval-of-gavreto-pralsetinib-for-the-treatment-of-adults-with-metastatic-ret-fusion-positive-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-301124707.html

SOURCE Blueprint Medicines Corporation

Excerpt from:
Blueprint Medicines Announces FDA Approval of GAVRETO (pralsetinib) for the Treatment of Adults with Metastatic RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small Cell...

Organoid cell culture has transformed cell-based assays in drug discovery and basic biology by conferring physiologic relevance to in vitro cell-based biological models. When provided with a suitable growth environment, including appropriate cultureware, growth factors, extracellular matrix, nutrients, and culture media, organ-derived progenitor cells harvested from patients grow and assemble into three-dimensional structures organoids which incorporate all cell types normally found in the original tissue, and allow physical and chemical interactions between and among cells. By providing greater physiologic relevance and a species- or patient-specific test platform, organoids overcome many limitations of conventional 2D cultures and even live-animal disease models.Organoids arise from organ-derived adult pluripotent stem cells, organ stem cells, or cancer stem cells which possess the innate capacity to expand and differentiate into multiple cell types. Organoids generated from dozens of tissues and organs available commercially, or accessible through published protocols include patient-derived models of liver, heart, pancreas, brain, GI tract, kidney, and recently, of human airwayssuitable for drug and vaccine development and for studying infectious human respiratory diseases.

Corning Life Sciences has collaborated with HUB since 2014 to provide advanced organoids and related technology.

Dr Clevers technology allowed, for the first time, the expansion of adult stem cell-derived organoids in genetically stable form and ultimately, the generation of in vitro models of any epithelial disease from any patient.

A second key benefit was indefinite expansion similar to that of transformed cells, but without the genetic abnormalities inherent in cancer cells. Previously, organoids were generated from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or from tumor cells which by necessity are genetically modified and therefore unrepresentative of the patient.

Under HUBs commercial development, organoid technology also provides standardization and consistency which is difficult to match, especially with primary cell cultures. Biopsies from the same patient collect differing quantities of cells at widely varying stages of cell lifecycle. When cultured under identical HUB protocols adult progenitor cells give rise to organoids with exactly the same cells in the same proportions, physical configuration, and genetics, every time, and with broad expansion capabilities.

Similarly, transformed cells grown on plastic have modified their gene expression to adapt to tissue culture conditions. Studies with such cells can be useful, provided investigators recognize that the patients original genetics have not been preserved. In HUB organoids the patients molecular footprint is maintained.

One field where this has been particularly useful is infectious diseases. Viruses have evolved to infect and replicate in cells in their normal physiological states. For example, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) readily grows in organoids but will not infect transformed cells because the cells lack the relevant receptors.

Cell-based studies of airway diseases topical in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic were hampered for years for this reason, and technology for expanding primary cell cultures sufficiently for large-scale studies did not exist. By preserving critical cell surface receptors for infectious agents, the HUB method allows the study of such pathogens as RSV, human papillomavirus, norovirus, coronavirus, influenza, malaria and many others.

Epithelial cells are the first point of contact for pathogenic microbes in the respiratory tract, and fortuitously the cell types most easily grown as organoids. Receptors on airway epithelia and alveolar cells sense infection, which initiates mucosal barrier immunity through club, ciliated, basal, goblet and neuroendocrine cells, which together clear inhaled pathogens.

In a recent Science paper, researchers from the Hubrecht Institute and Erasmus Medical Center reported on how gut organoids helped them to uncover two potential avenues for treating or preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is known to infect the lungs, but clinical evidence suggests intestinal involvement in both symptomatology and transmission. For example, rectal swabs contain viral RNA for a time after nasal swabs indicate the infection has resolved, suggesting gastro-intestinal infection and possibly fecaloral transmission.

Differentiated enterocytes strongly express the SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through which the virus enters cells, with the highest receptor levels found in the brush border of intestinal enterocytes. Surprisingly, virus infected both high- and low expressors of ACE2, and infectivity of organoids was not greatly affected by culture conditions.

SARS-CoV-2 rapidly infected a subset of cells within the organoid, and infection increased over time. Using electron microscopy to visualize cellular components, the researchers found virus particles inside and outside the organoids constituent cells. Infection induced release of interferon, an endogenous antiviral whose activation could serve as the target for potential therapies.

The researchers concluded that intestinal epithelium supports SARS-CoV-2 replication, that human small intestinal organoids serve as an experimental model for coronavirus infection and biology, and that human organoids represent faithful experimental models to study the biology of coronaviruses.

In addition to drug screening and toxicology studies, airway organoids have been utilized to study the basic biology of infectious diseases. In an application note, Corning scientists reported that Corning Matrigel extracellular matrix facilitated the expansion of patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells into airway organoids suitable for high throughput analysis. Organoids streamlined the usual sample preparation protocol to a single operation cell lysis eliminating the normal steps of gene amplification, cDNA conversion, and library preparation.

Comparing normal and asthmatic airway organoids, investigators observed increased expression of genes coding for pro-inflammatory chemokines, receptors, and other proteins associated with inflammation in asthmatic airway cells. They also found that the genes upregulated in organoids derived from healthy cells were the same as those downregulated in organoids from asthmatic cells, and vice-versa. Application of the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone induced up- or downregulation to a greater degree in asthmatic organoids compared with normal organoids.

The Corning study illustrates the versatility of organoids for studying airway diseases in the presence of comorbidities, as well as the ability to respond rapidly with suitable models for infectious diseases.

HUB Organoids derived from adult stem cells harvested from cystic fibrosis patients have proved valuable in the study of CF pathology, and have permitted patient-centered drug testing, which was the first use of HUB Organoids in personalized medicine. The CF patient derived organoids are tested to identify drug treatments for CF patients and in treated accordingly.

Recent studies on interleukin-17 receptors on lung epithelia have uncovered a role for this cytokine in acute and chronic inflammation, and demonstrated that IL-17 receptors participate in the innate immune defense against pulmonary fungal infections. In vivo, IL-17 expression and immune function requires polarized epithelial cells. In a paper appearing in 2019 in Frontiers in Immunology, a group at the University of Perugia, in Italy, wrote that because lung organoids recapitulate tissue polarity, they provide an exciting possibility of using lung organoids to comprehensively investigate IL-17R signaling in the lung, which is likely to offer new opportunities to develop and test therapeutics for inflammatory diseases and identify new molecular targets to improve resistance to infections.

As a scientific discipline, organoids will continue evolving towards greater ease of use, consistency, assay parallelism capabilities, and manufacturability. Organoids and organ-on-a-chip have already been combined in a complex, multi-tissue retina model, while systems consisting of organoids from two or more organs, discussed earlier, are already used routinely.

If organoid research continues at its current pace there is reason to expect significant streamlining of early-stage drug development, specifically around the preclinical and phase 1 stages. Organoids could eliminate some if not all animal testing, but this will require a leap of faith on the part of regulators already accustomed to reviewing animal data and its inherent caveats. At some point organoids might completely eliminate live preclinical screens, allowing drug developers to recruit patients directly into phase 2 based entirely on organoid-based screening.

While organoid investigations inevitably lead to systems of greater complexity, investigators should keep in mind that validation is the key to patient relevant models. HUB Organoids for the first time allow researchers to develop a model and directly test if and how it resembles the patient from which the tissue originated. With increasing complexity, the validation step should remain a focus of model developers and users. Complexity is good, but only up to a point.

Advancing organoids towards these lofty goals, including greater manufacturability, will require cell culture tools up to the task. Industry collaborations assure that tools for 3D cell culture will continue to advance, both for general research and to meet the challenges of emerging infectious diseases.

Authors: Dr Robert Vries, Chief Executive Officer, Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB)Elizabeth Abraham, Senior Product Manager, Corning Incorporated

Excerpt from:
Using Organoids in the Study of Infectious Diseases - Technology Networks

New York, Sept. 08, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Biotechnology Instrumentation Industry" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p090668/?utm_source=GNW 4 Billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 5.6% over the analysis period 2020-2027. Immunoassay Systems, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record a 4.5% CAGR and reach US$21.8 Billion by the end of the analysis period. After an early analysis of the business implications of the pandemic and its induced economic crisis, growth in the DNA Sequencing Systems segment is readjusted to a revised 8.1% CAGR for the next 7-year period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $12.5 Billion, While China is Forecast to Grow at 5.3% CAGR

The Biotechnology Instrumentation market in the U.S. is estimated at US$12.5 Billion in the year 2020. China, the world`s second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$11 Billion by the year 2027 trailing a CAGR of 5.3% over the analysis period 2020 to 2027. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at 5.2% and 4.6% respectively over the 2020-2027 period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 4.8% CAGR.

Mass Spectrometry Segment to Record 6.8% CAGR

In the global Mass Spectrometry segment, USA, Canada, Japan, China and Europe will drive the 6.9% CAGR estimated for this segment. These regional markets accounting for a combined market size of US$3.9 Billion in the year 2020 will reach a projected size of US$6.3 Billion by the close of the analysis period. China will remain among the fastest growing in this cluster of regional markets. Led by countries such as Australia, India, and South Korea, the market in Asia-Pacific is forecast to reach US$7.2 Billion by the year 2027.We bring years of research experience to this 19th edition of our report. The 233-page report presents concise insights into how the pandemic has impacted production and the buy side for 2020 and 2021. A short-term phased recovery by key geography is also addressed.

Competitors identified in this market include, among others,

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p090668/?utm_source=GNW

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & REPORT SCOPE

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET OVERVIEW Biotechnology Tools - Driven by Advancements Recent Market Activity Global Market Analysis Factors Sustaining Market Growth Factors Restraining Growth Improving Economy Signals Market Growth Opportunities Global Competitor Market Shares Biotechnology Instrumentation Competitor Market Share Scenario Worldwide (in %): 2018 & 2029 Impact of Covid-19 and a Looming Global Recession

2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS Abbott Laboratories (USA) Agilent Technologies, Inc. (USA) Beckman Coulter, Inc. (USA) Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (USA) Bruker Corporation (USA) GE HealthCare (UK) Gilson, Inc. (USA) Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (USA) Hitachi High-Technologies Corp. (Japan) Illumina, Inc. (USA) Lonza Group AG (Switzerland) PerkinElmer, Inc. (USA) Roche Diagnostics (Switzerland) Shimadzu Corp. (Japan) Siemens Healthineers (USA) Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (USA) Waters Corp. (USA)

3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS DNA Sequencing Future Diagnostic Applications of DNA Sequencing Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies Drive the Momentum Liquid Chromatography Growth in New Application Markets HPLC Offers Significant Growth Opportunities Innovative HPLC Products Inject New Growth Ultra-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography MS Systems with UHPLC Advancements in HPLC Columns Electrophoresis Systems Capillary Gel Electrophoresis - Gains Prominence Product Innovations Sustain Sales Immunoassay Instruments Growth Opportunities and Areas Automated Multiplexing Platforms Present Growth Opportunities Radioimmunoassay Systems Lose Ground Chemiluminescence Immunoassays Gain Demand Mass Spectrometry Technological Developments and Expanding End-Use Applications to Bolster Growth A Review for Select MS Technologies Portability: A Major Driving Force for MS Systems Market Nanotube Coating to Enable Miniaturization in Mass Spectrometers High Prices of MS Systems Hold Down Sales Growth Purpose-Built Mass Spectrometers to Transform Personalized Medicine Lack of Suitable Software and Diversity of MS Systems - A Major Challenge Smaller Clinical Laboratories Continue to Shy Away from Mass Spectrometers Microarrays Protein Biochips - Set for Robust Expansion Lab-on-a-Chip: Fusion of Nanotechnology & Genetic Engineering Advancements in Biochip Technology Biochip Technology Boosts Personalized Medicine Biochip Technology Spreads beyond Pharma Industry Data on Specificity of Effect Drives Use of Microarrays in Cosmetics and Personal Healthcare Laboratory Automation Technology Sets the Momentum for Microplate Reader Market Growing Options in Multimode Microplate Readers

4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE Table 1: Biotechnology Instrumentation Global Market Estimates and Forecasts in US$ Thousand by Region/Country: 2020-2027

Table 2: Biotechnology Instrumentation Global Retrospective Market Scenario in US$ Thousand by Region/Country: 2012-2019

Table 3: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Shift across Key Geographies Worldwide: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 4: Immunoassay Systems (Product Segment) World Market by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2020 to 2027

Table 5: Immunoassay Systems (Product Segment) Historic Market Analysis by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 6: Immunoassay Systems (Product Segment) Market Share Breakdown of Worldwide Sales by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 7: DNA Sequencing Systems (Product Segment) Potential Growth Markets Worldwide in US$ Thousand: 2020 to 2027

Table 8: DNA Sequencing Systems (Product Segment) Historic Market Perspective by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 9: DNA Sequencing Systems (Product Segment) Market Sales Breakdown by Region/Country in Percentage: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 10: Mass Spectrometry (Product Segment) Geographic Market Spread Worldwide in US$ Thousand: 2020 to 2027

Table 11: Mass Spectrometry (Product Segment) Region Wise Breakdown of Global Historic Demand in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 12: Mass Spectrometry (Product Segment) Market Share Distribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 13: MicroArrays (Product Segment) World Market Estimates and Forecasts by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2020 to 2027

Table 14: MicroArrays (Product Segment) Market Historic Review by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 15: MicroArrays (Product Segment) Market Share Breakdown by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 16: Liquid Chromatography Systems (Product Segment) World Market by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2020 to 2027

Table 17: Liquid Chromatography Systems (Product Segment) Historic Market Analysis by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 18: Liquid Chromatography Systems (Product Segment) Market Share Distribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 19: Laboratory Automation (Product Segment) World Market Estimates and Forecasts in US$ Thousand by Region/Country: 2020 to 2027

Table 20: Laboratory Automation (Product Segment) Market Worldwide Historic Review by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 21: Laboratory Automation (Product Segment) Market Percentage Share Distribution by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 22: Electrophoresis Systems (Product Segment) Market Opportunity Analysis Worldwide in US$ Thousand by Region/Country: 2020 to 2027

Table 23: Electrophoresis Systems (Product Segment) Global Historic Demand in US$ Thousand by Region/Country: 2012 to 2019

Table 24: Electrophoresis Systems (Product Segment) Market Share Distribution in Percentage by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 25: Other Product Segments (Product Segment) World Market by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2020 to 2027

Table 26: Other Product Segments (Product Segment) Historic Market Analysis by Region/Country in US$ Thousand: 2012 to 2019

Table 27: Other Product Segments (Product Segment) Market Share Breakdown of Worldwide Sales by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

GEOGRAPHIC MARKET ANALYSIS

UNITED STATES Market Facts & Figures US Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share (in %) by Company: 2018 & 2025 Market Analytics Table 28: United States Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Estimates and Projections in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2020 to 2027

Table 29: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in the United States by Product Segment: A Historic Review in US$ Thousand for 2012-2019

Table 30: United States Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Breakdown by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

CANADA Table 31: Canadian Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Estimates and Forecasts in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2020 to 2027

Table 32: Canadian Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Review by Product Segment in US$ Thousand: 2012-2019

Table 33: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Canada: Percentage Share Breakdown of Sales by Product Segment for 2012, 2020, and 2027

JAPAN Table 34: Japanese Market for Biotechnology Instrumentation: Annual Sales Estimates and Projections in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2020-2027

Table 35: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Japan: Historic Sales Analysis in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2012-2019

Table 36: Japanese Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Analysis by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

CHINA Table 37: Chinese Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Growth Prospects in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2020-2027

Table 38: Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Analysis in China in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2012-2019

Table 39: Chinese Biotechnology Instrumentation Market by Product Segment: Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2012, 2020, and 2027

EUROPE Market Facts & Figures European Biotechnology Instrumentation Market: Competitor Market Share Scenario (in %) for 2018 & 2025 Market Analytics Table 40: European Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Demand Scenario in US$ Thousand by Region/Country: 2020-2027

Table 41: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Europe: A Historic Market Perspective in US$ Thousand by Region/Country for the Period 2012-2019

Table 42: European Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Shift by Region/Country: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

Table 43: European Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Estimates and Forecasts in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2020-2027

Table 44: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Europe in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: A Historic Review for the Period 2012-2019

Table 45: European Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Breakdown by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

FRANCE Table 46: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in France by Product Segment: Estimates and Projections in US$ Thousand for the Period 2020-2027

Table 47: French Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Scenario in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2012-2019

Table 48: French Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Analysis by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

GERMANY Table 49: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Germany: Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2020-2027

Table 50: German Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Analysis in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2012-2019

Table 51: German Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Breakdown by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

ITALY Table 52: Italian Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Growth Prospects in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2020-2027

Table 53: Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Analysis in Italy in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2012-2019

Table 54: Italian Biotechnology Instrumentation Market by Product Segment: Percentage Breakdown of Sales for 2012, 2020, and 2027

UNITED KINGDOM Table 55: United Kingdom Market for Biotechnology Instrumentation: Annual Sales Estimates and Projections in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2020-2027

Table 56: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in the United Kingdom: Historic Sales Analysis in US$ Thousand by Product Segment for the Period 2012-2019

Table 57: United Kingdom Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Analysis by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

REST OF EUROPE Table 58: Rest of Europe Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Estimates and Forecasts in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2020-2027

Table 59: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Rest of Europe in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: A Historic Review for the Period 2012-2019

Table 60: Rest of Europe Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Breakdown by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

ASIA-PACIFIC Table 61: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Asia-Pacific by Product Segment: Estimates and Projections in US$ Thousand for the Period 2020-2027

Table 62: Asia-Pacific Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Scenario in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2012-2019

Table 63: Asia-Pacific Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Share Analysis by Product Segment: 2012 VS 2020 VS 2027

REST OF WORLD Table 64: Rest of World Biotechnology Instrumentation Market Estimates and Forecasts in US$ Thousand by Product Segment: 2020 to 2027

Table 65: Rest of World Biotechnology Instrumentation Historic Market Review by Product Segment in US$ Thousand: 2012-2019

Table 66: Biotechnology Instrumentation Market in Rest of World: Percentage Share Breakdown of Sales by Product Segment for 2012, 2020, and 2027

IV. COMPETITION Total Companies Profiled: 131Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p090668/?utm_source=GNW

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Global Biotechnology Instrumentation Industry - GlobeNewswire

A new study, led by neuroscientists from Stanford University, has homed in on the specific brain circuit responsible for stress-induced insomnia. The research suggests this same circuit is responsible for stress-related immune system dysfunction, pointing to a close relationship between stress, insomnia and weakened immunity.

It is well known that psychosocial or environmental stress can lead to immune system abnormalities. Insomnia is also commonly associated with stress. But ... do these two stress-induced conditions share the same neural circuitry?

This sort of stress-induced insomnia is well known among anybody thats tried to get to sleep with a looming deadline or something the next day, says Jeremy Borniger, one of the authors on the new study. And in the clinical world, its been known for a long time that chronically stressed patients typically do worse on a variety of different treatments and across a variety of different diseases.

Using a transgenic mouse model, the researchers first pinpointed a cluster of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus responsible for the stress-induced release of cortisol. Activity in this brain area was found in stimulate a nearby cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. This area in the lateral hypothalamus was seen to elicit a kind of hyperarousal associated with insomnia.

Using optogenetics the researchers could either block this novel neural circuit, causing the mice to sleep comfortably after exposure to a stressful experience, or specifically activate the stress-responsive neurons and watch the animals immediately wake from slumber.

It seems like its a pretty sensitive switch, in that even very weak stimulation of the circuit can drive insomnia, adds Borniger.

The researchers then looked closely at the effects of stimulating this stress-induced neural pathway on immune system activity. Peripheral immunosuppression was indeed triggered by this same neural pathway. This suggests the effect stress has on both wakefulness and the immune system is, in part, related to this initial, cortisol-releasing, neural pathway.

Borniger says understanding how stress triggers both insomnia and immunosuppression helps researchers look to novel treatments for a number of autoimmune diseases. Interfering with this brain circuit could offer new ways to treat disease. And, of course, new ways to potentially reduce the negative effects of stress on our sleep.

"I'm really interested in how we can manipulate distinct circuits in the brain to control not just the immune system at baseline, but in disease states like inflammatory bowel disease or in cancer or in psoriasisthings that are associated with systemic inflammation, says Borniger. Because if we can understand and manipulate the immune system using the natural circuitry in the body rather than using a drug that hits certain targets within the system, I think that would be much more effective in the long run, because it just co-opts the natural circuits in the body."

The new study was published in the journal Science Advances.

Source: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

See the article here:
Brain circuit linking stress, insomnia and the immune system discovered - New Atlas

(Editor's note: This is the first of a two-part letter.)

The health and safety of our island community should be the number one priority of our government. The focus must include our physical and our too often overlooked psychological well-being. We are all the recipients of the current health directives - wear a mask, practice reasonable social/physical distancing and proper hygiene. These are efforts at protecting ourselves. There is something else equally important we can do. We also need measures to prevent severe illness if we do get infected.

We need to keep our immune systems functioning at peak performance. After almost all COVID-19 related deaths, we learn that the patients had other illnesses or conditions that weakened their ability to fight the infection and we refer to these as comorbidities. Even if we are in the greatest of shape physically, we should strive to boost our immune system, our internal defense system, to potentially help our bodies fight infections, especially COVID-19. I am not about to ask you to buy some sort of hocus-pocus immune booster concoction for $39.99 plus shipping. The reason those types of advertisements appeal to so many is that we are not often told of the immune boosting things we can do on our own. Much research has arrived at the same conclusions and recommended the same thing: managing our daily stress, getting enough sleep, eating a well-balanced diet and daily physical exercise.

The immune system is an armamentarium of cells and proteins that defend our body against infection. It safeguards us from invaders including viruses, bacteria, fungus and foreign bodies. Our internal warriors are composed of battalions of defenders, armies and specialized soldiers that attack the invaders. This is a truly complex intricate network of cells, antibodies and molecules which are labeled with names that look like highly secure passwords, such as CD8+, IL-1, IFN-, TNF-, TGF-.

Excess stress weakens the immune system. The science behind that statement is a mountain of research that supports the concept of small amounts of chemicals being released from the brain during stress. The weakening of our immune system from the released chemicals can be silent. The impact of the stress chemicals can be physical and thus more evident. Many have experienced this as acid reflux during stressful times at home or work. The brain sends the stress-related neurotransmitters (tiny chemical signals) to the nerves that control the muscle that keeps acid in the stomach. The signal causes the muscle to malfunction and the patient feels it as heartburn. Yes, clearly stress can have a significant impact on the function of our bodies. The silent impact on the immune system can be much worse than heartburn or stress-induced headaches.

All of us, to some degree, are stressed just by living during this COVID-19 pandemic and have been for the many months it has been around. Most are at least a little worried about themselves or a loved one contracting and dying from the virus. This is compounded by the plethora of the psychosocial and economic impacts of the pandemic we see every day. Most are making this worse by checking their phones for updates several times a day or more. The additional burden of unemployment, piles of unpaid bills, social isolation and increasing marital discord are felt in many homes. Current data show that divorce rates in the U.S. have soared by 34% during the COVID-19 pandemic with marriages starting to crumble just three weeks into quarantine. Newlywed separation has doubled. The overall prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia and harmful alcohol use has increased. There are numerous reports in the psychiatric literature regarding COVID-19 related suicides. Social isolation and difficulty getting help have increased suicides rates in the USA and other countries. The Office of the Guam Chief Medical Examiner has recorded 26 suicides from January to August - more than have died from COVID-19. It may be getting worse as 15 suicides were recorded in the last 3 months alone.

Stress management does not need to be painful, overwhelm our schedules or ruin our budgets. A daily 10-minute walk is a great place to start. Dont set an unrealistic goal. Just take a 10-minute stroll every day and take it from there. It is a good idea to avoid caffeine and alcohol. I am concerned about the use of alcohol to self-treat stress and using caffeine as a substitute for sleep. Nicotine consumption here I am actually saying that the goal is zero. Smoking is a surefire way to weaken your immune system. If you are having trouble quitting, get help. Finally, talk to someone you trust. The more you communicate your frustrations of daily life, the better you will be able to handle them and the less likely your stress will negatively impact your immune system.

Dr. Ramel Carlos is a board-certified neurologist practicing in Guam for 18 years and a specialist in epilepsy and clinical neurophysiology. He is also a pediatrician, a diplomate of the American Board of Disability Analysts and the editor-in-chief of The Guam Medical Association Journal.

See the rest here:
A doctor's Rx: How to boost our immune system during the pandemic, part 1 - The Guam Daily Post

Men's delayed immune-system responses to the coronavirus could put them at higher risk of dying from COVID-19 than women, according to a study from University of Washington researchers.

They found that, for women under the age of 60, their immune systems produced a near immediate defense against the virus. However, for men of all ages, it took an average of three days for their bodies to deploy T cells (white blood cells that sense and destroy virus-infected cells)to fight the novel coronavirus.

The researchers came to this conclusion after looking at 430 COVID-19 nasal swab tests 176 from men and 201 from women which they collected from the University of Washington Virology Laboratory between March and August.

This study expanded on previous research, which found women who have COVID-19 (the disease caused by the coronavirus) tend to develop more T cells, which help the body kill coronavirus-infected cells, than men who have COVID-19.

The researchers said the new findings could help to explain why nearly twice as many men have died from COVID-19 than women.

The researchers' findings line up with previous research that suggests a person's sex affects how many virus-fighting cells a person develops when they become sick.

Females have greater amounts of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and androgen than males, for example.

These hormones are believed to play a role in immune-system response when a person is sick.

An August study in the journal Nature found that women developed more coronavirus-fighting cells than men did, regardless of their age. For women, their age didn't affect how many cells they produced.

"We now have clear data suggesting that the immune landscape in COVID-19 patients is considerably different between the sexes and that these differences may underlie heightened disease susceptibility in men," Akiko Iwasaki, senior author of the August study, said in a press release.

The new study comes with caveats. The researchers of the new study said that their experiment should be duplicated with other bodily fluid samples, since nose swabs aren't the most effective way to test a person's immune response.

Additionally, factors like smoking and preexisting health conditions, not just a person's sex, can make them more susceptible to severe COVID-19 symptoms. Therefore, researchers can't definitively say whether sex created the delayed immune response in men.

Still, the findings suggest men and women's bodies respond differently when they're infected, and that could mean they need different approaches to treatment too.

As Iwasaki told the New York Times, "natural infection is clearly failing" men, who tend to have worse symptoms and higher mortality rates than women when it comes to COVID-19. They might need a more doses of a coronavirus vaccine than women due to their delayed immune responses.

"You could imagine scenarios where a single shot of a vaccine might be sufficient in young individuals or maybe young women, while older men might need to have three shots of vaccine," Marcus Altfeld, an immunologist at the Heinrich Pette Institute in Germany, told the New York Times.

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Men may have slower immune response to coronavirus than women: study - Business Insider - Business Insider

A new study suggests immune responses to coronavirus in severely ill and critically ill patients are as strong or stronger than those of patients with milder illness. This adds to the evidence that the immune system itself is to blame for the most life-threatening form of the infection.

Immune cells known as T cells are responsible for recognizing pathogens, killing infected cells, and recruiting other branches of the immune system to combat infections.

However, according to the new study, T cell responses to the new coronavirus in critically ill patients appear to be just as robust as those with a less severe form of the illness.

The finding reinforces the conclusion that an inadequate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, is not responsible for critical illness and death. Rather, an excessive immune response is to blame.

Stay informed with live updates on the current COVID-19 outbreak and visit our coronavirus hub for more advice on prevention and treatment.

The team of researchers, led by Marien Hospital Herne and Ruhr-Universitt Bochum in Herne, Germany, compared the T cell responses of 28 COVID-19 patients during the acute phase of the infection and after recovery in survivors.

Of these infections, 7 were categorized as moderate, 9 were severe, and 12 were critical.

The scientists measured the concentration of two T cell types in blood samples from each patient: helper T cells and killer or cytotoxic T cells.

They also analyzed the strength of these cells responses to three distinct parts of the virus: the three proteins that make up its spikes, its membrane, and the shell or nucleocapsid surrounding its nuclear material.

In addition, the team measured levels of cytokines immune signaling molecules that T cells produce to combat infection.

They found that in patients with critical illness, the scale of their immune responses was similar or even higher, compared with moderate or severe cases.

There were also no apparent associations between successful clearance of the virus or death and changes in T cell responses.

The total number of specific immune cells, as well as their functionality, was not better in patients who survived COVID-19 than in those who died from it, says Dr. Ulrik Stervbo, one of the authors.

The study features in the journal Cell Reports Medicine.

T cells migrate to a viral infection site, where they kill infected cells and select other parts of the immune system to neutralize the virus.

But these same T cells can also create a cytokine storm, which is responsible for a potentially fatal complication known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Even though further studies will be necessary to understand the specific mechanism of COVID-19 development, our data suggest that excessive SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response can cause [immune damage] leading to COVID-19-related lung failure, says lead author Prof. Nina Babel.

The new research adds to a growing body of evidence that excessive immune responses cause life-threatening COVID-19.

A major study published in June 2020 found that dexamethasone, a corticosteroid that suppresses the bodys immune response, saved the lives of around a third of all patients on ventilators over a 28-day period.

A more recent study, reported by Medical News Today, suggests that another kind of immune-suppressing drug, known as an interleukin-6 inhibitor, may help prevent severe COVID-19 infections from becoming life-threatening.

The authors of the new study acknowledge some limitations of their research.

They do not know exactly when patients in their research contracted the virus. Therefore, the slightly higher T cell response in critically ill patients may simply result from a longer period of infection.

In addition, they were unable to analyze the entire range of T cell subtypes and the cytokines they produce. So, it is possible that they missed protective or detrimental immune effects that impacted non-critical and critical patients differently.

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Critically ill patients have robust immunity to new coronavirus - Medical News Today