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Nanoscale Reflective Coating Reverse-Engineered From Fly Eyes – Technology Networks

September 18th, 2020 11:53 am

The eyes of many insects, including the fruit fly, are covered by a thin and transparent coating made up of tiny protuberances with anti-reflective, anti-adhesive properties. An article published in the journalNaturereveals the secrets of how this nano-coating is made. The authors, from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) and University of Lausanne (UNIL) - together with ETH Zurich (ETHZ) - show that the coating only consists of two ingredients: a protein called retinin and corneal wax. These two components automatically generate the regular network of protuberances by playing the roles of activator and inhibitor, respectively, in a morphogenesis process modelled in the 1950s by Alan Turing. The multi-disciplinary team even succeeded in artificially reproducing the phenomenon by mixing retinin and wax on different kinds of surface. This process, which is very inexpensive and is based on biodegradable materials, was used to obtain nano-coatings with a morphology similar to that of insects, with anti-adhesive and anti-reflective functionalities that could have numerous applications in areas as diverse as contact lenses, medical implants and textiles.

"The nano-coating that covers the surface of the eyes of some insects was discovered in the late 1960s in moths," begins Vladimir Katanaev, a professor in the Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism in UNIGE's Faculty of Medicine and the study's lead investigator. "It's made up of a dense network of small protrusions about 200 nanometres in diameter and several dozens of nanometres in height. It has the effect of reducing light reflection."

The cornea of an insect without a coating typically reflects about 4% of the incident light, whereas the proportion drops to zero in insects that do have the covering. Although an improvement of 4% may seem small, it is enough of an advantage - especially in dark conditions - to have been selected during evolution. Thanks to its anti-adhesive properties, the coating also provides physical protection against the tiniest dust particles in the air.

Professor Katanaev moved into this research field ten years ago. In 2011, he and his team were the first to discover the nano-coating on the eyes of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). This insect is much more suited to scientific research than moths, in particular because its genome has been completely sequenced.

The Geneva-based researcher has now gathered more evidence to support this hypothesis. Thanks to biochemical analyses and the use of genetic engineering, Professor Katanaev and his colleagues have succeeded in identifying the two components involved in the reaction-diffusion model developed by Turing. This hinges on a protein called retinin and wax produced by several specialised enzymes, two of which have been identified. Retinin plays the role of activator: with its initially unstructured shape, it adopts a globular structure upon contact with the wax and begins to generate the pattern. The wax, on the other hand, plays the role of inhibitor. The powerplay between the two leads to the emergence of the nano-coating.

Initial tests have shown that the coating is resistant to 20 hours of washing in water (it is easily damaged by detergent or scratching, although technological improvements could make it more robust). The anti-reflective properties have already aroused a certain degree of interest among manufacturers of contact lenses, while the anti-adhesive properties could appeal to the producers of medical implants. Indeed, this type of coating could make it possible to control where human cells hook on. Industry already has the techniques needed to obtain this outcome. But they use harsh methods, such as lasers or acids. The Geneva team's solution has the advantage of being inexpensive, benign and totally biodegradable.Reference:

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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R&D Activities to Fast-track the Growth of the Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) Market Between 2015 2021 – The Daily Chronicle

September 18th, 2020 11:53 am

Persistence Market Research recently published a market study that sheds light on the growth prospects of the global Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market during the forecast period (20XX-20XX). In addition, the report also includes a detailed analysis of the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on the future prospects of the Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market. The report provides a thorough evaluation of the latest trends, market drivers, opportunities, and challenges within the global Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market to assist our clients arrive at beneficial business decisions.

The Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market study is a well-researched report encompassing a detailed analysis of this industry with respect to certain parameters such as the product capacity as well as the overall market remuneration. The report enumerates details about production and consumption patterns in the business as well, in addition to the current scenario of the Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market and the trends that will prevail in this industry.

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What pointers are covered in the Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market research study?

The Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market report Elucidated with regards to the regional landscape of the industry:

The geographical reach of the Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market has been meticulously segmented into United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia & India, according to the report.

The research enumerates the consumption market share of every region in minute detail, in conjunction with the production market share and revenue.

Also, the report is inclusive of the growth rate that each region is projected to register over the estimated period.

The Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market report Elucidated with regards to the competitive landscape of the industry:

The competitive expanse of this business has been flawlessly categorized into companies such as

Key players in the global nanomedicine market include: Abbott Laboratories, CombiMatrix Corporation, GE Healthcare, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Mallinckrodt plc, Merck & Company, Inc., Nanosphere, Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Celgene Corporation, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and UCB (Union chimique belge) S.A.

Key geographies evaluated in this report are:

Key features of this report

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Exclusive details pertaining to the contribution that every firm has made to the industry have been outlined in the study. Not to mention, a brief gist of the company description has been provided as well.

Substantial information subject to the production patterns of each firm and the area that is catered to, has been elucidated.

The valuation that each company holds, in tandem with the description as well as substantial specifications of the manufactured products have been enumerated in the study as well.

The Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market research study conscientiously mentions a separate section that enumerates details with regards to major parameters like the price fads of key raw material and industrial chain analysis, not to mention, details about the suppliers of the raw material. That said, it is pivotal to mention that the Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market report also expounds an analysis of the industry distribution chain, further advancing on aspects such as important distributors and the customer pool.

The Healthcare Nanotechnology (Nanomedicine) market report enumerates information about the industry in terms of market share, market size, revenue forecasts, and regional outlook. The report further illustrates competitive insights of key players in the business vertical followed by an overview of their diverse portfolios and growth strategies.

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Some of the Major Highlights of TOC covers:

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Medical Biomimetics Market research, Industry Outlook, Current Trends and Forecast by 2025 – The Research Process

September 18th, 2020 11:53 am

A detailed overview of Medical Biomimetics market with respect to the pivotal drivers influencing the revenue graph of this business sphere. The current trends of Medical Biomimetics market in conjunction with the geographical landscape, demand spectrum, remuneration scale, and growth graph of this vertical have also been included in this report.

Increasing rate of organ failure coupled with growing geriatric population base will act as growth impact rendering factors for medical biomimetics market during the forecast timeframe. As per the U.S. Census Bureau?s 2017 National Population Projections, there will be nearly 78 million people aged more than 65 years, while 76.7 million under 18 years of age in the U.S. by 2035, thereby escalating demand for biomimetics products in coming future.

High adoption of western culture, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity has led to rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in increased demand for biomimetic cardiovascular products. Numerous applications of biomimetics in healthcare industry including fields such as dentistry, orthopedics, cardiovascular, and ophthalmology should stimulate business growth during the analysis period.

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Medical Biomimetics Market will reach over USD 35 billion by 2025; as per a new research report.

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Orthopedic product segment accounted for more than 30% market share in 2018 and is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period owing to growing demand for orthopedic prosthesis and implants. For instance, increasing number of accidents and injuries have escalated the demand for prosthetic limbs. Technological advancements including development of augment bone graft should positively impact segmental growth.

Application segment of medical biomimetics market includes plastic surgery, wound healing, tissue engineering, drug delivery and others including nanomedicine, drug discovery, enzymatic modification and medical engineering. Plastic surgery application segment will witness 6.3% CAGR over the coming years due to wide application of biomimetics in plastic surgery for scaffold formation. It is also used in craniofacial surgery for restoration of facial aesthetics, function and form.

Increasing R&D activities pertaining to development of innovative biomimetic products along with advancements in nanotechnology, tissue engineering utilizing biomimetics technology should positively impact industry expansion. However, high capital investment in R&D along with stringent regulations will hinder industry growth during the forecast timeframe.

Germany medical biomimetics market dominated European region in 2018 and is anticipated to grow at 5.8% during the forecast period. High technological adoption, rising geriatric population prone to suffer from organ failure and increasing incidence of ophthalmology, orthopedic and cardiovascular disorders in the country are driving factors for Germany medical biomimetics market.

Saudi Arabia medical biomimetics market will witness 5.2% CAGR during the forecast timeframe. Growing demand and adoption of cosmetic surgical procedures among women, technological advancements and rising awareness should drive Saudi Arabia medical biomimetics industry during the analysis period. Rising incidence of coronary heart disease coupled with growing uptake of unhealthy habits such as alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking will augment demand for biomimetic products in the region.

Major Highlights from Table of contents are listed below for quick lookup into Medical Biomimetics Market report

Chapter 1. Competitive Landscape

Chapter 2. Company Profiles

Chapter 3. Methodology & Scope

Chapter 4. Executive Summary

Chapter 5. Medical Biomimetics industryInsights

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Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market (Covid-19 Updated) Opportunities And Analysis By Expansion, Size, Share, Trends, Manufacturer And…

September 16th, 2020 2:57 am

Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market has been growing exponentially over time and has shown great potential in the near future. The growth of Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market is expected to see an amazing uproar as the market becomes increasingly popular. The report focuses on the key growth contributors of the market to help the clients better understand the current scenario of the market all while considering the history as well as the forecast of the Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market. Essential growth factors have been discussed in the following report.

Top Companies covering This Report:- Emd Millipore, Epigenomics AG, Epigentex, Envivo Pharmaceuticals (Forum Pharmaceutricals), Gilead Sciences, Glaxosmithkline, Illumina Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Karus Therapeutics Limited, Laboratory Corp. Of America Holdings, LES Laboratoires Servier, Merck, Naturewise Biotech & Medicals Corp.

The report assesses the important factors and aspects that are crucial to the client to post good growth in revenue as well as business expansion. Some of these aspects are sales, revenue, market size, mergers and acquisitions, risks, demands, new trends and technologies and much more are taken into consideration to give a complete and detailed understanding of the market conditions. Coupled with your expertise this report can make you a big player in the Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market and can get you in the frontrunners of the Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market.

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This report has concise and apt data on the Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics market which is updated as the international markets change. The past few years the markets have changed drastically and its becoming harder to get a grasp of and hence our analysts here at Reports Intellect have prepared a detailed report while taking in consideration the market issues and their solution to give you the best information and leverage on your competition.

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Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market Type Coverage:

ReagentsKitsInstrumentsEnzymesServices

Personalized Medicine and Epigenomics Market Application Coverage:

OncologyNon-OncologyCancer Drug Technology

Market Segment by Regions and Nations included:

North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, etc.)

Europe, Middle East and Africa (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa)

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Apple steps up its focus on health with new blood oxygen sensor and population health initiative in Singapore – FierceHealthcare

September 16th, 2020 2:57 am

As wearables companies continue to add new health and wellness capabilities, Apple showed off its latest smartwatch Tuesday with an ability to measure users' blood oxygen.

The new Apple Watch Series 6 expands the health capabilities of previous Apple Watch models with a new feature that measures the oxygen saturation of the users bloodso they can better understand their overall fitness and wellness, the company said as they unveiled the watch during Apple'sfall product event.

Oxygen saturation, or SpO2, represents the percentage of oxygen being carried by red blood cells from the lungs to the rest of the body, and indicates how well this oxygenated blood is being delivered throughout the body.

Apple Watch Series 6 completely redefines what a watch can do, said Jeff Williams, Apples chief operating officer in a statement. With powerful new features, including a Blood Oxygen sensor and app,Apple Watch becomes even more indispensable by providing further insight into overall well-being."

The blood oxygen app measurements are only designed for general fitness and wellness purposes are not intended for medical use, including self-diagnosis or consultation with a doctor, the tech giant said.

RELATED:Fitbit's ECG app gets FDA nod to track heart rhythm irregularities

Companies outside of healthcare, like Apple, see that migrating care away from intensive settings is the future, according toMichael Abrams, co-founder and managing partner at global healthcare consulting firm Numerof & Associates.

"They, and other tech companies, are currently working to seize the business opportunity that that reality presents, and if hospitals and health systems want to find future success, its time they follow suit," he said.

Considering how many Americans have had to shelter in place and pay close attention to their own health and wellness this year, its no surprise that Apple, Google and most recently Amazon have added more health features to their wearable devices, said

"Apples new blood oxygen monitoring is particularly timely, and more broadly, another example of tech both hearing and answering consumers call for a better way to manage care from the comfort of home," Abrams said.

Apple also has unveiled a new fitness app designed for its smartwatches, and CVS Health has signed on to offer it to select commercial Aetnaand Caremark members.

The companyplans to partner withthe government of Singapore on a national health initiaitve using Apple Watch.

The initiative, called LumiHealth, is a personalized program to encourage healthy activity and behaviors using fitness tracking and apps. Created in collaboration with a team of physicians and public health experts, LumiHealth features challenges designed to help users sleep better, move more, eat well, and live more mindfully.LumiHealth also reminds users to go for health screenings andimmunizations.

Singapore has one of the worlds leading healthcare systems, and we are thrilled to be partnering with them to incorporate Apple Watch and LumiHealth into their holistic approach to well-being, Williams said.

Apple will sponsor three studies to validate the feature and its benefits andexplore how blood oxygen levels can be used in future health applications.The company will work with researchers at Anthem and the University of California, Irvine toexamine how longitudinal measurements of blood oxygen and other physiological signals can help manage and control asthma.

RELATED:Competing with Apple and Fitbit, Amazon launches health wearable that tracks activity, body fat, emotions

Apple also plans to work with the Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research and the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre at the University Health Networkto better understand how blood oxygen measurements and other Apple Watch metrics can help with management of heart failure.

Meanwhile, the Seattle Flu Study at the Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine and faculty from the University of Washington School of Medicine will examine how signals from apps on Apple Watch, such as heart rate and blood oxygen, could serve as early signs of respiratory conditions like influenza and COVID-19.

The battle to lead the consumer fitness tracker market is heating up as Amazon recently launched a fitness tracker, called Halo, that track activity, body fat, and emotions. Companies like Amazon, Apple and Fitbit are all focusing onpivoting theirwearables from just fun accessories to health devices.

Fitbit just announced that has gained medical device clearances in the U.S. and Europe for its smartwatch electrocardiogram appto track users'heart rhythms for signs of atrial fibrillation.

The company's latest device, FitbitSense, tracks heart rate variability, breathing rate and blood-oxygen saturation, or SpO2. Fitbit Sensealso will have anon-wrist skin temperature sensor that can help detect potential signs of illness.

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Automation Testing Market is expected to expand at an impressive rate by 2027 with leading Players Marvin Test Solutions Inc. and Danaher Corporation,…

September 16th, 2020 2:57 am

This Automation Testing market document highlights key market dynamics of sector along with the current market scenario and future prospects of the sector. This report figures out market landscape, brand awareness, latest trends, possible future issues, industry trends and customer behavior so that business can stand high in the crowd. This market report is the most appropriate solution for the business requirements in many ways which also assists with the informed decision making and smart working. The Automation Testing report also encompasses market overview, premium insights, key insights and company profiles in detail of the key market players.

Automation Testing Market accounted for USD 2.36 billion in 2017 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.0% the forecast period of 2020 to 2025.

Automation Testing marketResearch Report is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategies. It provides the Global Automation Testing industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the Automation Testing Market dominated players, distributor and vendors analysis, value structure chain analysis. The Global Automation Testing market study provides comprehensive data about market segmentation, drivers, restrains and regional market analysis by country level which enhances the understanding, scope and application of this Automation Testing Market report. Delivering the key insights pertaining to this industry, the report provides an in-depth analysis of the latest trends, present and future business scenario, market size and share of Major Players suchSTAr Technologies Inc., Tesec Corporation, Roos Instruments, Inc., Marvin Test Solutions Inc. and Danaher Corporation, Teradyne Inc., Advantest Corporation, Capgemini, Wipro, Accenture, TCS, Infosys Ltd. among others.

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Market Dynamics:

Set of qualitative information that includes PESTEL Analysis, PORTER Five Forces Model, Value Chain Analysis and Macro Economic factors, Regulatory Framework along with Industry Background and Overview.

Global Automation Testing Research Methodology

Data Bridge Market Research presents a detailed picture of the market by way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources.The data thus presented is comprehensive, reliable, and the result of extensive research, both primary and secondary. The analysts have presented the various facets of the market with a particular focus on identifying the key industry influencers.

Major Drivers and Restraints of the Automation Testing Industry

Growing demand for personalized medicine is expected to create new opportunity for the Automation Testing market.

Clinical trial digitization allows the processing in different forms of voluminous patient-related data. Such data are being used by pharmaceutical companies to improve the effectiveness of trial execution.

Growing demand for quality data is expected to drive the market growth. Some of the other factors such as increasing demand for personalized drugs, increasing adoption of new technology in clinical research, growing research & development promoting outsourcing and increasing diseases prevalence will drive the market in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027

Complete report is available

For an excellent outcome of Automation Testing report, qualitative and transparent research studies are carried out devotedly for the specific niche. Being a global market research report, it also identifies, analyses, and estimates the emerging trends along with major drivers, challenges and opportunities in the industry and analysis of vendors, geographical regions, types, and applications. An idea about competitive landscape plays very important role in deciding about the improvements required in the product and more. As businesses can achieve thorough insights with this report, they can confidently take decisions about their production and marketing strategies.

The titled segments and sub-section of the market are illuminated below:

By component(Industrial PC, Mass Interconnect, Handler, and Probers),

By Type(memory chip, mixed signal, digital, and others),

By Application(consumer electronics, automotive, aerospace and defense, and medical)

Region Included are:

United States, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India & Central & South America

Top Players in the Market are Verizon Communications, IBM Corporation, Aemulus Holdings Bhd (Aemulus), Chroma ATE Inc., Aeroflex Inc., Astronics Corporation, Advantest Corporation, LTX-Credence Corporation (Xcerra Corporation), Teradyne Inc.,

How will the report help new companies to plan their investments in the Automation Testing market?

The Automation Testing market research report classifies the competitive spectrum of this industry in elaborate detail. The study claims that the competitive reach spans the companies of.

The report also mentions about the details such as the overall remuneration, product sales figures, pricing trends, gross margins, etc.

Information about the sales & distribution area alongside the details of the company, such as company overview, buyer portfolio, product specifications, etc., are provided in the study.

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Some of the Major Highlights of TOC covers:

Chapter 1: Methodology & Scope

Chapter 2: Executive Summary

Chapter 3: Automation Testing Industry Insights

Chapter 4: Automation Testing Market, By Region

Chapter 5: Company Profile

Thanks for reading this article, you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report version like North America, Europe or Asia.

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Automation Testing Market is expected to expand at an impressive rate by 2027 with leading Players Marvin Test Solutions Inc. and Danaher Corporation,...

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Evotec and BIOASTER Partner to Build a Technology and Innovation HUB in Lyon – BioSpace

September 16th, 2020 2:57 am

HAMBURG, GERMANY / ACCESSWIRE / September, 14, 2020 / Evotec SE (Frankfurt Stock Exchange: EVT, MDAX/TecDAX, ISIN: DE0005664809) and the French-based BIOASTER Technological Research Institute ("BIOASTER") today announced that they have entered into a partnership to advance research for infectious diseases. BIOASTER is a technology and innovation hub located in Lyon, France that has created a new model to address the latest challenges in the microbiology field, including antimicrobial resistance and vaccine safety and efficacy.

The organisations have been working together since the beginning of 2020 and Evotec represents the first global research and development company to locate staff in BIOASTER's premises in Lyon.

Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, the two organisations aim to put forward new research projects against infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance, potentially creating new therapies and technologies. This collaboration had already started through the European research projects and development consortium ERA4TB (European Regimen Accelerator for Tuberculosis) and GNA NOW (Novel Gram-negative antibiotic now) within the AMR accelerator supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative IMI2, aimed at reducing resistance to antibiotics and developing new therapeutic solutions.

"BIOASTER is proud to have support from the French and European leaders in diagnostics, vaccines, and animal health, and is pleased to formalise such a partnership with Evotec at the Lyon site. This allows BIOASTER to strengthen its agility and its capacity for technological innovation, in particular on antimicrobial resistance. BIOASTER now has a high-value network of close partners, which covers our four fields of application: antimicrobials, diagnostics, vaccines and microbiota understanding are key for manufacturers and patients alike," said Dr Philippe Archinard, President of IRT BIOASTER.

"The agreement will nurture the research ecosystem of Lyon Metropole and its Biodistrict, and impact on both national and European levels. The fact that Evotec, a company headquartered in Hamburg, Germany, chose to locate its unit dedicated to infectious diseases together with BIOASTER in the Biodistrict Lyon, reinforces the reputation of this French health ecosystem, while offering a more complete and more powerful technological toolbox to speed up industrialisation of innovations," said Emeline Baume, first vice president of Lyon Metropole.

"We are very glad to be partnering with BIOASTER, bringing Evotec's proven global resources for anti-infective research and drug development to Lyon," said Dr Werner Lanthaler, Chief Executive Officer of Evotec. "Both Evotec and BIOASTER have made a long-term commitment to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance and we are confident that together we will be able to efficiently drive forward the progress in this field with high and rising unmet medical need."

The two entities gather more than 120 researchers in total, share the same advanced infrastructures, including five BSL3 laboratories, with easy access to diverse equipments: this co-location creates a new pole of attraction, particularly suited to the expectations of industrials to accelerate and de-risk their product developments in infectious diseases.

ABOUT BIOASTER TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Created in 2012, following the French initiative of Technological Research Institutes, BIOASTER is a non-for-profit foundation developing a unique technological and innovative model to support the latest challenges in microbiology. In particular, BIOASTER uses and develops high value technological innovations that accelerate development of medical solutions for populations and personalized medicine.

The aim of BIOASTER is to bring together academic, industry and its capacities and specific knowledge to develop and execute high impact collaborative projects requiring industry compatible innovative technologies.

Key figures:

* 4 fields of expertise: antimicrobials, diagnostics, microbiota, vaccines* BSL2 & BSL3 laboratories in Lyon and Paris* 100+ employees, including 80% of scientific experts, 17 nationalities* 66+ collaborative projects, involving 27 private partners, 29 public partners.

http://www.bioaster.org

ABOUT EVOTEC SE

Evotec is a drug discovery alliance and development partnership company focused on rapidly progressing innovative product approaches with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academics, patient advocacy groups and venture capitalists. We operate worldwide and our more than 3,300 employees provide the highest quality stand-alone and integrated drug discovery and development solutions. We cover all activities from target-to-clinic to meet the industry's need for innovation and efficiency in drug discovery and development (EVT Execute). The Company has established a unique position by assembling top-class scientific experts and integrating state-of-the-art technologies as well as substantial experience and expertise in key therapeutic areas including neuronal diseases, diabetes and complications of diabetes, pain and inflammation, oncology, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, fibrosis, rare diseases and women's health. On this basis, Evotec has built a broad and deep pipeline of approx. 100 co-owned product opportunities at clinical, pre-clinical and discovery stages (EVT Innovate). Evotec has established multiple long-term alliances with partners including Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CHDI, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB and others. For additional information please go to http://www.evotec.com and follow us on Twitter @Evotec.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Information set forth in this press release contains forward-looking statements, which involve a number of risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained herein represent the judgement of Evotec as of the date of this press release. Such forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in these forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any such statements to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

SOURCE: Evotec AG via EQS Newswire

View source version on accesswire.com:https://www.accesswire.com/605953/Evotec-and-BIOASTER-Partner-to-Build-a-Technology-and-Innovation-HUB-in-Lyon

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Urinalysis Market | North America to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period (20192024) – WhaTech

September 16th, 2020 2:57 am

The urinalysis market is projected to reach USD 4.6 billion by 2024 from USD 3.2 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 7.6% from 2019 to 2024.

Integrated systems for urinalysis and the emerging economies are expected to provide a wide range of growth opportunities for players in the market which is driven by growing incidences of UTI and other kidney diseases.

According to the latest research report [146 Pages Report] The global urinalysis market is projected to reach USD 4.6 billion by 2024 from USD 3.2 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 7.6% from 2019 to 2024.

Urinalysis Market by Product (Dipsticks, Pregnancy & Fertility Kits, Reagents, Disposables, Automated, Semi-automated, PoC Analyzers), Application (UTI, Diabetes, Pregnancy), End User (Hospital, Labs, Homecare) & Test Type - Global Forecast to 2024

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What drive the Urinalysis Systems Market?

However, the availability of government funding for life science research, drug development regulations, advances in live cell imaging techniques, growth in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, and the rising incidence of cancer.

The Urinalysis Systems market, based on product type, is segmented into consumables and instruments. The consumables segment dominated this market in 2019.

The urinalysis consumables market is segmented into pregnancy & fertility kits, dipsticks, reagents, and disposables. Pregnancy and fertility kits accounted for the largest share of Urinalysis Systems market in 2019.

These kits have witnessed wide adoption amongst end users across the globe owing to their cost-effectiveness and ease of use.

North America to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period (20192024)

The Urinalysis Systems market in North America is expected to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years.

There has been a tremendous increase in the use of urine analysis and has become a part of any general health check up in the past decade. Increasing research activities in the field of urinalysis and growing awareness of personalized medicine have also resulted in the establishment point of care systems.

Automated devices have also been installed in the large hospitals and laboratories.

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Those linked to stem cell board received more than $2.1 billion – Capitol Weekly

September 16th, 2020 2:56 am

Over the last 15 years, Californias stem cell agency has spent $2.7 billion on research ranging from arthritis and blindness to cancer and incontinence. The vast majority of the money has gone to enterprises that have ties to members of the agencys governing board.

All of which is legal. All of which is not likely to change.

Eight out of every ten dollars that agency has handed out have been collected by 25 institutions such as Stanford University, multiple campuses of the University of California and scientific research organizations. Their combined total exceeds $2.1 billion.

All 25 have links directly or indirectly to past or present members of the board of the agency, according to an analysis by the California Stem Cell Report, which has covered the agency since 2005.

They (the agencys directors) make proposals to themselves, essentially, regarding what should be funded. They cannot exert independent oversight, says Harold Shapiro, who led a 2012 study of the agency by the prestigious Institute of Medicine (IOM), which is now called the National Academy of Medicine. The study recommended a major restructuring of the agencys board to help deal with the problem.

The longstanding, conflict-of-interest issues are not addressed in Proposition 14 on the Nov. 3 ballot. The measure would give the agency, officially known as the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), $5.5 billion more and expand its scope of activities and research. The ballot measure is likely to increase the problems by increasing the size of the agencys governing board from 29 to 35.

Another ballot initiative, Proposition 71, created Californias stem cell program in 2004. Ever since, conflict of interest questions have dogged CIRM. Indeed, critics of the agency can today point to the top five recipients of CIRM largess as examples of conflict problems. Stanford University ranks as the No. 1 recipient with $388 million. UCLA is No. 2 with $307 million. It is followed by UC San Diego, $232 million; UC San Francisco, $199 million, and UC Davis, $143 million.

All have had a representative on the CIRM board since the inception of the program.

Editors note CIRMs totals may change slightly as the result of the agencys internal accounting procedures.

IOM and public confidence in CIRMThe IOM study, with its criticism of conflicts, was commissioned by CIRM at a cost of $700,000. Directors expected that it would provide a gold standard evaluation of the agency that would support a ballot measure for additional funding. The studys scope went well beyond conflicts of interest. In fact, it said it did not search for evidence of specific conflicts because the task was not part of the agreement with CIRM. The IOM did say that studies from psychology and behavioral economics show that conflict of interest leads to unconscious and unintentional self-serving bias and to a bias blind spot that prevents recognition of ones own bias. While all of the studys findings were consequential, the matter of conflicts attracted the most public attention.

Ties to stem cell board lucrative, said a headline in the Orange County Register shortly after the IOM report was released.

The agency has used more than half of its funding and one day will almost certainly want to ask taxpayers for more. It should remember that voters will look for evidence of public accountability as well as respected research, said the Los Angeles Times in an editorial in December 2012.

The IOM report itself said, Far too many board members represent organizations that receive CIRM funding or benefit from that funding. These competing personal and professional interests compromise the perceived independence of the ICOC (the CIRM governing board), introduce potential bias into the boards decision making, and threaten to undermine confidence in the board.

The IOM said the composition of the board makes it neither independent nor capable of oversight, although the board is legally dubbed the Citizens Independent Oversight Committee (ICOC).

Placing deans of medical schools and patient advocates on the board who are linked to specific diseases raises questions about whether decisions delegated to the boardparticularly decisions about the allocation of fundswill be made in the best interests of the public or will be unduly influenced by the special interests of board members and the institutions they represent. Such conflicts, real or perceived, are inevitable.

The situation involves more than legalisms. Properly understood, the IOM said, conflict of interest is not misconduct, but bias that skews the judgment of a board member in favor of interests that may be different from or narrower than the broader interests of the institution.

The IOM study additionally surveyed board members about conflicts of interest and reported, While a majority of respondents stated that personal interests did not play a role in their work on the ICOC, some responses were more equivocal. One respondent replied that it was hard to tell given that so many decisions take place off camera in secret meetings, while another acknowledged that ICOC members are human, and, of course, their decisions are influenced by personal beliefs and interests.

The inherent conflictsThe conflicts were built in by Proposition 71, which dictated the composition of CIRMs 29-member board. CIRMs general counsel, James Harrison, once described the situation as inherent conflicts of interest.

Under Proposition 71, representatives from virtually all the California institutions that stood to benefit were given seats at the table where spending plans are approved and awards handed out. Directors are not allowed to vote on specific awards to their institution. But they control the direction of the agency and what CIRM calls concept plans, including specific elements and budgets for the award rounds. Some of those rounds run into hundreds of millions of dollars.

One of the concept plans created a $47 million program to help California institutions recruit star scientists to the Golden State. Another plan created the $50 million Alpha Clinic Network at five academic centers all connected to board members.

Following the IOM report, the CIRM board did remove most institutional directors from meetings where awards are ratified. Jonathan Thomas, chair of the board, declared then that financial conflict issues were put to bed once and for all, a position that the agency holds today. In May 2019, Thomas told directors that several authoritative entities have studied CIRM and produced written reports that dealt with conflict matters.

Thomas said, Each had in it sort of quite vehement language about the conflict of interest issue, which has always been just perceived..With respect to any given funding award, theres never been an actual conflict.

During the 2019 meeting, the board did not discuss issues involving board action on concept plans. They continue today to modify and approve concept plans.

Beyond the CIRM boardConflicts of interest at CIRM go beyond the 29-member board. In 2014, the agency was shocked by a case involving a former president of the agency, Alan Trounson, and StemCells, Inc., a company that was awarded $40 million while he was serving as the top executive at CIRM. (The company later declined one of the awards.) Only seven days after his final day at CIRM, Trounson was named to the board of directors of StemCells, Inc.

He served on the companys board for about two years and received $443,500 in total compensation, including stock options, according to StemCells, Inc., documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Following the announcement of the Trounson appointment, CIRM looked into some of Trounsons work at CIRM. In July of 2014, the agency said that its severely limited investigation found no evidence that its former president attempted to influence action on behalf of StemCells, Inc., during the previous month. The states political ethics agency, the Fair Political Practices Commission, said in a Feb. 6, 2015, letter to Trounson that there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate a legal violation.

Even before the agency was created, critics warned of conflict-of-interest problems. Writing in an opinion piece in October 2004 in the San Francisco Chronicle, David Winickoff, then a professor at UC Berkeley, said, Contrary to what its name suggests, the ICOC is neither independent of interest-group politics nor does it include any citizen members. Hard- driving university scientists, disease group advocates and private industry executives who will make up the ICOC all have vested interests in how the money is to be used.

A sampling of conflictsThe California Stem Cell Report, which calculated the percentage of awards linked to institutional directors, has chronicled the conflicts issues at CIRM over the past 15 years. In 2012, its analysis showed that 92 percent of awards had been collected by institutions tied to past and present directors. The figure dropped to 79 percent by this summer as the types of grantees have widened. Here is a sampling of conflict issues that have surfaced publicly over the years.

In 2007, violations involving five board members resulted in voiding applications from 10 researchers seeking $31 million. The applications included letters of support signed by deans of medical schools who also sat on the CIRM board of directors. Directors are barred from attempting to influence a decision regarding a grant. The agency blamed its employees for the problem.

In 2008, public complaints by one applicant from industry about conflicts of interest on the part of a reviewer were briefly aired at a public board meeting. The then chair of the CIRM board, Robert Klein, told the applicant the board needed instead to discuss naming CIRM-funded labs and then go to lunch. CIRM later refused to release the letter from the applicant detailing the problem.

In 2009, board member John Reed, then CEO of the Sanford-Burnham Institute, was warned by the states Fair Political Practices Commission about his violation of conflict of interest rules. Reed intervened with CIRM staff on behalf of a $638,000 grant to his organization. Reed took his action at the suggestion of then CIRM Chair Klein, an attorney who led the drafting of Proposition 71.

Also in 2009, then board member Ted Love, who had deep connections in the biomedical industry, served double duty for the agency. He was the interim chief scientific officer and helped to develop the agencys first, signature $225 million disease team round while he was still serving on the board. As chief scientific officer, Love would have had access to proprietary information and trade secrets in grant applications.

When questioned, CIRM said that Love would serve only as a part-time advisor to the agency president, not as chief scientific officer. Nonetheless, in 2012, the board adopted a resolution with high praise for Love and his performance specifically as the chief scientific officer.

Beginning in 2010, a stem cell firm, iPierian,Inc., whose major investors contributed nearly $6 million to the ballot measure that created the stem cell agency, received $3.9 million in awards from the agency. The contributions were 25 percent of the total in the campaign, which was headed by Bob Klein. (See here and see here.)

In 2011, the chairman of the CIRM grant review group resigned from his position as the result of another violation, which the agency felt necessary to report to the California legislature. John Sladek, former president of Cal Lutheran University in Los Angeles, co-authored scientific publications with a researcher who was listed as a consultant on a CIRM grant application.

In 2012, StemCells, Inc., was awarded $40 million by the CIRM board despite having one of its $20 million applications rejected twice by grant reviewers. The action came after the board was vigorously lobbied by Klein, who had left his post as chair the previous year. Klein, who ran the Proposition 71 campaign, had campaign connections to researcher Irv Weissman of Stanford, who founded StemCells, Inc., and was on its board. Weissman was featured in a TV campaign ad for Proposition 71 and helped to raise millions for the 2004 ballot campaign.

The StemCells, Inc., awards were the first time that CIRM had approved that much money for one company, and the first time Klein lobbied his former board.

In 2012, an incident surfaced that illustrated how non-profit, disease-oriented organizations sometimes expect increased funding as the result of the appointment of sympathetic individuals to the board. That occurred when Diane Winokur was appointed to the board as a patient advocate. The chief scientist for The ALS Association, said Winokur will be a tremendous asset in moving the ALS research field forward through CIRM funding.

The IOM study identified as a problem the personal conflicts of interest involving the 10 patient advocates on the board. It said, (P)ersonal conflicts of interest arising from ones own or a family members affliction with a particular disease or advocacy on behalf of a particular disease also can create bias for board members.

In 2013, internationally renowned scientist Lee Hood, winner of a National Medal of Science, violated the conflict of interest rules of the California stem cell agency when he was involved in reviewing applications in a $40 million round to create genomics centers in California. The conflict involved connections between Hood, Weissman and Trounson. It was not discovered by the agency during the closed-door review and was raised by another reviewer at the end of the review. The review had to be redone later in the year.

Hood never commented publicly, but CIRM said he acknowledged the conflict.

In January 2014, the genomics round surfaced again. The applications were by then before the CIRM board for public ratification of reviewers decisions. The reviewers actions are taken behind closed doors with no public disclosure of reviewers personal, professional or economic conflicts.

The genomics round riled some researchers who complained publicly in letters to the agencys board about unfairness, apparent preferential treatment and manipulation of scores.

Only seven of the 29 members of the 29-member board could vote on the applications. Conflicts of interest and CIRM rules barred the rest from voting. The final vote on the award was 6-1 for a group led by Stanford. Two years earlier, however, when the concept plan was approved by the CIRM board, no directors were disqualified, even though some of their institutions were likely to benefit. The plan was approved on a show of hands. The transcript of the meeting does not indicate any negative votes or absentions.

The hidden review processUnder CIRMs rules, the scientists who review the applications must come from out-of-state. They do not have to disclose publicly their economic, personal or professional conflicts despite the fact that they make the de facto decisions on the applications. The board rubber stamps nearly all of the reviewers actions to approve funding. A CIRM examination of the practice in 2013 showed that 98 percent of reviewers decisions were ratified by the board. Since then, the agency has not produced a similar report. Occasionally, however, the board will approve an application that was not recommended for funding.

The CIRM governing board has resisted requiring public disclosure of the interests of reviewers. The subject has come up several times, but board members have been concerned about losing reviewers who would not be pleased about disclosing their financial and other interests.

Nonetheless, public disclosure of economic interests among researchers is routine in scientific research articles. Many universities, including Stanford, also require public disclosure of financial interests of their researchers.

At the time of Hood-Weissman-Trounson flap, Stanfords policy said, No matter what the circumstances if an independent observer might reasonably question whether the individuals professional actions or decisions are determined by considerations of personal financial gain, the relationship should be disclosed to the public during presentations, in publications, teaching or other public venues.

Proposition 71 placed the legal authority for grant approvals in the hands of the CIRM board. Traditionally in the world of science, other scientists ( peer reviewers), however, are deemed to be the most capable of making the scientific decisions about grant applications. The traditional practice calls for the reviewers to be anonymous and meet in private, which is also CIRMs practice.

If the CIRM board concedes the decisions to the grant reviewers, state law is likely to require public disclosure of their financial interests, a move that the board has opposed for years. Former CIRM Chairman Klein repeatedly advised the board during its public grant approval processes that reviewers actions were only recommendations, and that the board was actually making the decisions.

Proposition 14 implicitly recognizes, however, that a problem exists with directors approving concept plans for awards that could benefit their institutions.

To ease that problem legally, Klein inserted language in the new proposition that excludes adoption of strategic plans, concept plans and research budgets from being considered as matters involving conflicts of interest.

The measure does nothing to deal with matters involving the de facto, closed-door approval of awards by researchers who are unknown to the public and who do not have to publicly disclose their interests.

At the time the IOM report was released nearly eight years ago, some board members complained that its recommendations were unrealistic because of the likely, lengthy difficulties of altering a state law that had been created by the initiative. But since then, directors have not asked state lawmakers to change the structure of the board or to comply with the other $700,000 worth of IOM recommendations.

CIRM directors, however, missed an opportunity last year to seek conflict-easing changes through the $5.5 billion stem cell measure now on the ballot, Proposition 14.

Some board members have said they discussed the initiative privately with Bob Klein, who crafted the proposal last year.

Revision of CIRMs conflict rules was discussed at a board meeting in May 2019. Several board members expressed concerns about the loss of valuable insights from board members who cannot vote on applications. Some also expressed concerns about whether loosening the rules would damage the possibility of voter approval of a ballot measure to refinance the agency. Several, including CIRM Chair Thomas, also said theres never been a conflict involving a funding award and a board member. No action involving conflicts was taken at the meeting.Editors Note: DavidJensen is a retired newsman who has followed the affairs of the $3 billion California stem cell agency since 2005 via his blog, the California Stem Cell Report. He has published thousands of items on California stem cell matters in the past 11 years. This story was an excerpt from his upcoming book, Californias Great Stem Cell Experiment: Inside a $3 Billion Search for Stem Cell Cures, which s available for pre-order on Amazon.

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Those linked to stem cell board received more than $2.1 billion - Capitol Weekly

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Characteristics of Upper Limb Osteoarticular Infections at the Emergency Department of a Tertiary University Hospital in Spain – DocWire News

September 16th, 2020 2:55 am

Objectives:Osteoarticular infections are infrequent in pediatric patients, although their incidence seems to be increasing. They usually affect children younger than 5 years and tend to localize in the lower limbs. Because of their nonspecific symptoms, especially at onset, a timely diagnosis is difficult to achieve, with the subsequent risk of a delay in treatment. We hereby report the management of osteoarticular infections in our pediatric emergency department.

Methods:This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients diagnosed with osteoarticular upper limb infection in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital from January 2011 to December 2016.

Results:From an initial global sample of 170 patients diagnosed with osteomyelitis or septic arthritis at any location at the pediatric emergency department, 32 children (18.82%) with upper limb involvement were included in the study. Of them, 22 were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 14.5 months (interquartile range, 2-106). Eighteen patients (56%) were diagnosed with septic arthritis, and 14 (44%) had a diagnosis of osteomyelitis.The most frequent symptom was pain (50%). More than one third of patients (11) had received a different diagnosis in a previous hospital visit. A traumatic etiology was suspected in 7 cases (21%).Regarding acute phase reactants, the mean value for C-reactive protein was 21.3 mg/L, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 27 cases (84%). In 28 patients, blood cultures were obtained, 24 of which came back negative. All children received antibiotic treatment and achieved a full recovery.

Conclusions:One third of patients were misdiagnosed at the first consultation, which stresses the importance of a high clinical suspicion to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment of osteoarticular infections. This study also shows a lower mean age of children with upper limb infection as compared with those with lower limb infection. All patients recovered fully with oral antibiotics.

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Characteristics of Upper Limb Osteoarticular Infections at the Emergency Department of a Tertiary University Hospital in Spain - DocWire News

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Seattle Genetics and Merck Announce Two Strategic Oncology Collaborations – The Baytown Sun

September 15th, 2020 11:37 am

BOTHELL, Wash. & KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sep 14, 2020--

Seattle Genetics, Inc. (Nasdaq: SGEN) and Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced two new strategic oncology collaborations.

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200914005237/en/

The companies will globally develop and commercialize Seattle Genetics ladiratuzumab vedotin, an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting LIV-1, which is currently in phase 2 clinical trials for breast cancer and other solid tumors. The collaboration will pursue a broad joint development program evaluating ladiratuzumab vedotin as monotherapy and in combination with Mercks anti-PD-1 therapy KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) in triple-negative breast cancer, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and other LIV-1-expressing solid tumors. Under the terms of the agreement, Seattle Genetics will receive a $600 million upfront payment and Merck will make a $1.0 billion equity investment in 5.0 million shares of Seattle Genetics common stock at a price of $200 per share. In addition, Seattle Genetics is eligible for progress-dependent milestone payments of up to $2.6 billion.

Separately, Seattle Genetics has granted Merck an exclusive license to commercialize TUKYSA (tucatinib), a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of HER2-positive cancers, in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America and other regions outside of the U.S., Canada and Europe. Seattle Genetics will receive $125 million from Merck as an upfront payment and is eligible for progress-dependent milestones of up to $65 million.

Collaborating with Merck on ladiratuzumab vedotin will allow us to accelerate and broaden its development program in breast cancer and other solid tumors, including in combination with Mercks KEYTRUDA, while also positioning us to leverage our U.S. and European commercial operations, said Clay Siegall, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Seattle Genetics. The strategic collaboration for TUKYSA will help us reach more patients globally and benefit from the established commercial strength of one of the worlds premier pharmaceutical companies.

These two strategic collaborations will enable us to further diversify Mercks broad oncology portfolio and pipeline, and to continue our efforts to extend and improve the lives of as many patients with cancer as possible, said Dr. Roger M. Perlmutter, President, Merck Research Laboratories. We look forward to working with the team at Seattle Genetics to advance the clinical program for ladiratuzumab vedotin, which has shown compelling signals of efficacy in early studies, and to bring TUKYSA to even more patients with cancer around the world.

Ladiratuzumab Vedotin CollaborationDetails

Under the terms of the agreement, Seattle Genetics and Merck will collaborate and equally share costs on the global development of ladiratuzumab vedotin and other LIV-1-targeting ADCs. The companies have agreed to jointly develop and share future costs and profits for ladiratuzumab vedotin on a 50:50 basis worldwide. Merck will pay Seattle Genetics $600 million upfront and make a $1.0 billion equity investment in 5.0 million shares of Seattle Genetics common stock at a price of $200 per share. In addition, Seattle Genetics will be eligible to receive up to $2.6 billion in milestone payments, including $850 million in development milestones and $1.75 billion in sales milestones.

The companies will jointly develop and commercialize ladiratuzumab vedotin and equally share profits worldwide. The companies will co-commercialize in the U.S. and Europe. Seattle Genetics will be responsible for marketing applications for approval in the U.S. and Canada, and will record sales in the U.S., Canada and Europe. Merck will be responsible for marketing applications for approval in Europe and in countries outside the U.S. and Canada, and will record sales in countries outside the U.S., Europe and Canada. Including the upfront payment, equity investment proceeds and potential milestone payments, Seattle Genetics is eligible to receive up to $4.2 billion.

The closing of the equity investment is contingent on completion of review under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (HSR Act).

TUKYSA Collaboration Details

Under the terms of the agreement, Merck has been granted exclusive rights to commercialize TUKYSA in Asia, the Middle East and Latin America and other regions outside of the U.S., Canada and Europe. Seattle Genetics retains commercial rights and will record sales in the U.S., Canada and Europe. Merck will be responsible for marketing applications for approval in its territory, supported by the positive results from the HER2CLIMB clinical trial.

Merck will also co-fund a portion of the TUKYSA global development plan, which encompasses several ongoing and planned trials across HER2-positive cancers, including breast, colorectal, gastric and other cancers set forth in a global product development plan. Seattle Genetics will continue to lead ongoing TUKYSA global development planning and operational execution. Merck will solely fund and conduct country-specific clinical trials necessary to support anticipated regulatory applications in its territory.

Seattle Genetics will receive from Merck $125 million as an upfront payment and is eligible to receive progress-dependent milestones of up to $65 million. Seattle Genetics will also receive $85 million in prepaid research and development payments to be applied to Mercks global development funding obligations. In addition, Seattle Genetics would receive tiered royalties on sales of TUKYSA in Mercks territory.

The financial impact of these collaborations is not included in Seattle Genetics 2020 guidance.

Seattle Genetics Conference Call Details

Seattle Genetics management will host a conference call to discuss these collaborations today at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time (PT); 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time (ET). The event will be simultaneously webcast and available for replay from the Seattle Genetics website at http://www.seattlegenetics.com, under the Investors section. Investors may also participate in the conference call by calling 844-763-8274 (domestic) or +1 412-717-9224 (international). The conference ID is 10147850.

About Ladiratuzumab Vedotin

Ladiratuzumab vedotin is a novel investigational ADC targeted to LIV-1. Most metastatic breast cancers express LIV-1, which also has been detected in several other cancers, including lung, head and neck, esophageal and gastric. Ladiratuzumab vedotin utilizes Seattle Genetics proprietary ADC technology and consists of a LIV-1-targeted monoclonal antibody linked to a potent microtubule-disrupting agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) by a protease-cleavable linker. This novel ADC is designed to bind to LIV-1 on cancer cells and release the cell-killing agent into target cells upon internalization. Ladiratuzumab vedotin may also cause antitumor activity through other mechanisms, including activation of an immune response by induction of immunogenic cell death.

About TUKYSA (tucatinib)

TUKYSA is an oral, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of HER2, a protein that contributes to cancer cell growth. TUKYSA in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2020 for adult patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, including patients with brain metastases, who have received one or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting. In addition, TUKYSA received approval in Canada, Singapore, Australia and Switzerland under the Project Orbis initiative of the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence that provides a framework for concurrent submission and review of oncology products among international partners. A marketing application is under review in the European Union.

TUKYSA is being evaluated in several ongoing clinical trials and additional studies are planned. Current trials include the following:

For additional information, visit http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

TUKYSA Important Safety Information

Warnings and Precautions

If diarrhea occurs, administer antidiarrheal treatment as clinically indicated. Perform diagnostic tests as clinically indicated to exclude other causes of diarrhea. Based on the severity of the diarrhea, interrupt dose, then dose reduce or permanently discontinue TUKYSA.

Monitor ALT, AST, and bilirubin prior to starting TUKYSA, every 3 weeks during treatment, and as clinically indicated. Based on the severity of hepatoxicity, interrupt dose, then dose reduce or permanently discontinue TUKYSA.

Adverse Reactions

Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients who received TUKYSA. Serious adverse reactions in 2% of patients who received TUKYSA were diarrhea (4%), vomiting (2.5%), nausea (2%), abdominal pain (2%), and seizure (2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 2% of patients who received TUKYSA including sudden death, sepsis, dehydration, and cardiogenic shock.

Adverse reactions led to treatment discontinuation in 6% of patients who received TUKYSA; those occurring in 1% of patients were hepatotoxicity (1.5%) and diarrhea (1%). Adverse reactions led to dose reduction in 21% of patients who received TUKYSA; those occurring in 2% of patients were hepatotoxicity (8%) and diarrhea (6%).

The most common adverse reactions in patients who received TUKYSA (20%) were diarrhea, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, nausea, fatigue, hepatotoxicity, vomiting, stomatitis, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, headache, anemia, and rash.

Lab Abnormalities

In HER2CLIMB, Grade 3 laboratory abnormalities reported in 5% of patients who received TUKYSA were: decreased phosphate, increased ALT, decreased potassium, and increased AST. The mean increase in serum creatinine was 32% within the first 21 days of treatment with TUKYSA. The serum creatinine increases persisted throughout treatment and were reversible upon treatment completion. Consider alternative markers of renal function if persistent elevations in serum creatinine are observed.

Drug Interactions

Use in Specific Populations

For more information, please see the full Prescribing Information for TUKYSA here.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Injection, 100 mg

KEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,200 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

Selected KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) Indications

Melanoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) 1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS 1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

Small Cell Lung Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least 1 other prior line of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 1] as determined by an FDA-approved test.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), or who have relapsed after 3 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy.

Urothelial Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 10], as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC).

Gastric Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Esophageal Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.

Cervical Cancer

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Renal Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Tumor Mutational Burden-High

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is not curable by surgery or radiation.

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA

Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients with various cancers receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%). Pneumonitis occurred in 8.2% (65/790) of NSCLC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 3.2% of patients, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (17%) compared to those without (7.7%). Pneumonitis occurred in 6% (18/300) of HNSCC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-5 in 1.6% of patients, and occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum and FU as first-line therapy for advanced disease, including Grades 3-5 in 1.5% of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

Immune-Mediated Colitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis (KEYTRUDA) and Hepatotoxicity (KEYTRUDA in Combination With Axitinib)

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Hepatotoxicity in Combination With Axitinib

KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity with higher than expected frequencies of Grades 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations compared to KEYTRUDA alone. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased ALT (20%) and increased AST (13%) were seen. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider more frequent monitoring of liver enzymes as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed.

Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies

KEYTRUDA can cause adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), hypophysitis, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypothyroidism occurred in 8.5% (237/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%). The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC (16%) receiving KEYTRUDA, as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%), and thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%). Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism), thyroid function (prior to and periodically during treatment), and hyperglycemia. For adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis, administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis and withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or Grade 4 adrenal insufficiency or hypophysitis. Administer hormone replacement for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes, and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal Dysfunction

KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 1.7% (7/405) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

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Seattle Genetics and Merck Announce Two Strategic Oncology Collaborations - The Baytown Sun

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Three-year-old bone marrow donor, Bengaluru doctors give Iraqi boy a new lease of life – The Indian Express

September 15th, 2020 11:37 am

Written by Ralph Alex Arakal | Bengaluru | Updated: September 14, 2020 8:12:24 amAhmed and his family after the successful bone marrow transplant (Express photo)

A three-year-old girl from Iraq became a lifesaver for her 18-year-old brother after she donated her bone marrow for a successful transplantation that took place in Bengaluru.

Ahmed had undergone splenectomy in his native country and was referred to Manipal Hospitals in Bengaluru since only optimal treatment is available in Iraq. According to doctors at the hospital, the teenager was also suffering from symptomatic anemia (needing frequent blood transfusions) and jaundice.

Dr Mallikarjun Kalashetty, consultant Haematology, Haemato-Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplantation at Manipal Hospitals, said Ahmed required an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

The best donors for such patients are the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched siblings who are normal or with a minor form of haemoglobinopathy (a hereditary condition involving an abnormality in the structure of haemoglobin) or thalassaemia (a blood disorder involving lower-than-normal amounts of an oxygen-carrying protein), Dr Kalashetty explained.

However, things were not easy for the medical team at the hospital considering the age of the donor the patients three-year-old younger sister and the obvious language barrier. Transfusion experts at the hospital soon realised the process was challenging as they required the processing of 8-10 litres of blood from the donor aged three, weighing 18 kilograms, who had only a blood volume of about 1.3 litres.

Considering her age, the donor had to be sedated to elicit co-operation during apheresis (extracting blood and separating components) in multiple sittings and preserve the stem cells through cryopreservation. To counter the low volume of blood going into the apheresis machine, we filled the dead spaces with compatible RBC, and to reduce the fluid overload, we determined and monitored the volume of the fluid going into the body of the child, Dr C Shivaram, consultant transfusion medicine said.

However, the allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was successful and Ahmed has now recovered from the sickle-cell disease. He did have few complications after transplantation like mucositis, febrile neutropenia, and viral reactivation, which were successfully managed, Dr Kalashetty said.

Ahmeds quality of life has improved significantly and his parents are overjoyed to see their son doing so well after suffering from the illness for several years. The satisfaction of seeing the joy on the faces of the patient and his family is unmatched, he said.

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Three-year-old bone marrow donor, Bengaluru doctors give Iraqi boy a new lease of life - The Indian Express

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One Sperm Donor. 36 Children. A Mess of Lawsuits. – The Atlantic

September 15th, 2020 11:36 am

I discussed the case of Donor 9623 with Dov Fox, a professor of health law at the University of San Diego. Fox covered the lawsuits in his book, Birth Rights and Wrongs, and he has spent the past year diving even deeper into the case of Donor 9623interviewing parents who were deceived, children coming to terms with their genetic inheritance, and eventually the donor himself for a new Audible podcast.

Read: IVF mix-ups have broken the definition of parenthood

Fox and I have spoken before about the ways embryo mix-ups and other examples of reproductive technology gone awry confound the law and the very notion of parenthood. Tens of thousands of babies are born with the help of reproductive technology every year in the U.S., yet fertility clinics and sperm banks remain surprisingly unregulated. Mistakes, when they happen, have deeply existential consequences. Before the podcasts release last week, we talked again about Donor 9623 and how courts try to make sense of the uncomfortable idea of wrongful birth, a term that he argues makes no sense.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Sarah Zhang: In your book, you covered several cases where reproductive technology gone wrong poses these really hard questions: white parents who were inseminated with the wrong donor sperm and ended up with a Black child, parents who had aborted based on an incorrect fetal diagnosis, a surrogate who didnt want to relinquish the child. What specifically drew you to this case of Donor 9623 so much that you wanted to do a whole podcast about it?

Dov Fox: I thought this case was really gray. It wasnt that there was just an obvious loophole in the legal framework or the law hadnt caught up to the advances in technology. It raised really deep, hard, fundamental questions about human existence, with an eye to the future of gene editing and embryo screeningwhat it means to be a parent and what is reasonable for would-be parents to expect. Thats an uncomfortable place for judges and for lawmakers.

This was one of the very largest and most international sperm banks that shipped to tens of thousands of parents in dozens of countries all over the world. This is an especially popular donor for more than a decade. And there were so many parts of his history that were concealed or misrepresentedhis health and his criminal record and his educational background.

Zhang: You say this is an uncomfortable place for judges and lawmakers, and while wrongful-birth lawsuits get a lot of attention, they havent been very successful in court in the U.S. Why is that?

Fox: A lot of courts that say no to wrongful-birth claims say its about protecting the individual children. And theres intuitive appeal to this idea. God, how awful would it sound to the child to learn that their life, their existence, is wrongfulthat their parents didnt want them, dont want them, wanted a different kid instead, dont love them. Thats not what parents intend, but that doesnt necessarily mean that it doesnt express that, whether to their kids or to other groups who have the very condition that their kids have.

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One Sperm Donor. 36 Children. A Mess of Lawsuits. - The Atlantic

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Poaching pressure mounts on jaguars, the Americas’ iconic big cat – Mongabay.com

September 15th, 2020 11:36 am

In late November 2019, authorities in Peru found two jaguar cubs in a house in Chanchamayo, in the countrys central Amazonian region. The cubs were so young that they still had part of the umbilical cord attached; their mother was nowhere to be found. Legal proceedings were opened against the alleged poachers, and although the cubs were taken to a specialized zoo, they died within a few weeks. Separation from the forest and their mother can be fatal for jaguar cubs.

The cubs were among 86 seizures associated with the species by Peruvian authorities between 2015 and 2020. In addition to live animals, authorities have recovered fangs, skins, skulls and other body parts, according to the National Forest and Wildlife Service (SERFOR). Studies by SERFOR and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) indicate that the nine jaguar-related items seized in 2019 represent less than 10% of what can be found in some illegal markets around the country.

The seizures effectively amount to the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the illicit trade in parts and live specimens of jaguars in Peru, which is home to the second-largest population of the big cat in South America, behind only Brazil. The total wild population of the species is about 163,000, according to 2018 estimates by the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) and the big cat conservation NGO Panthera.

In this investigative series, Mongabay Latam starts out with a regional snapshot of the plight of the jaguar. We interview more than 10 scientists to look at the threats and strategies to conserve this species in six countries: Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

163,098 The estimated jaguar population in South America is around 1.95 jaguars per 100 square kilometers an average disaggregated by South American country: Brazil / Peru / Colombia / Bolivia / Venezuela / Guyana / Suriname / Ecuador / French Guyana / Paraguay / Argentina

A four-month study by WCS and SERFOR in Peru shows that the illegal trade in jaguar parts is more common than previously thought. During visits to 21 locations in Iquitos, the capital of the Amazonian region of Loreto, researchers found 96 jaguar parts for sale in markets, handicraft shops, piers and even hotels. Jaguar fangs and claws were found embedded in necklaces and bracelets, while skins were hung up on show along public highways, almost like paintings or carpets.

Their investigation also covered two other cities in the Peruvian Amazon Pucallpa (in the Ucayali region) and Puerto Maldonado (in Madre de Dios) as well as Puno in the Andes. In total, they found 102 jaguar parts for sale publicly: 45% of these comprised skins, 37% fangs, 14% claws, and the remaining 4% were jaguar fat and skulls. Three-quarters of these parts were incorporated into handicrafts. The price of fangs, depending on the buyer, ranged from 30 to 1,000 soles ($9 to $280).

We have normalized animal trafficking; in Latin America we are used to seeing these kinds of scenes, says Liliana Juregui, an expert in environmental justice at the IUCN NL. Her organization has coordinated investigations in Bolivia and Suriname, countries where the first evidence of the rise of international trafficking of jaguar parts to Asia was uncovered seven years ago.

Despite the seriousness of the problem, data for seizures of jaguar parts in these countries have not been recently updated. In Bolivia, cases stopped being counted in early 2019, as attention focused on environmental emergencies such as massive forest fires, as well as the political upheaval that led to a change of government, according to ngela Nez, a biologist specializing in jaguars who researches trafficking as part of Proyecto Operacin Jaguar (Operation Jaguar Project) in Bolivia.

Since 2014, we have seized around 700 fangs, including a seizure in China [of fangs] that originated from Bolivia, Nez says, emphasizing the need to continue monitoring this environmental crime. According to the Bolivian Ministry of Environment and Water, there have been more than 20 legal actions taken related to the illegal trafficking of fangs, with five of the cases resulting in criminal sentences.

Research conducted by the IUCN NL also found that the demand for jaguar parts in Bolivia began in 2013 and was advertised through radio stations and posters distributed in rural areas. Between 2014 and 2016, the trafficking problem was underway in earnest, with 300 jaguar parts found in 16 postal packages, 14 of them sent by Chinese citizens working in Bolivia.

The facts that link the trafficking of jaguar parts to Asia, particularly China, are sensitive, considering that the most affected countries, such as Bolivia and Suriname, have sought to diplomatically resolve the problem by establishing alliances with the Chinese community within their territories.

But if there is one thing scientists in the six countries agree on, its the link between jaguar trafficking and the presence of companies engaged in Chinese-backed infrastructure projects in areas of high biodiversity, such as the Amazon. A study published in early June by the journal Conservation Biology examined the relationships between trafficking of wild cats and Chinese investments in South and Central America.

Among the main findings were that trafficking has been increasing and that the Chinese citizens involved in illegal activities dont belong to the Asian communities already established in these countries, but are instead workers who travel to the Amazon to work on the megaprojects such as new dams and roads. Chinese companies have invested heavily in developing countries, first in Africa and then in South America, says Guyanese geographer Anthony Cummings, who also investigates the trafficking of jaguar parts in his country. While we are not trying to stigmatize, it is important to be aware of the connection.

In Suriname, for example, the IUCN has found evidence of trafficking since 2003, when a former forest service employee there was contacted by the owner of a Chinese supermarket in the capital, Paramaribo, who was looking for jaguar fangs and claws. Esteban Payn, regional director of Pantheras northern South America program, says that due to the significant decline of tigers in Asia, demand for big cat parts used in traditional medicine seems to have been filled by parts from other big cats. Its suspected that this may be one of the reasons why trafficking of jaguar parts is growing in Latin American countries.

Large-scale illegal mining and logging have been observed in Surinames Brownsberg Nature Park. An estimated 40,000 people live within and around these mining camps, though only 18,000 people are formally registered. Links between this activity and wildlife trafficking are being investigated.

According to the IUCNs Juregui, this is an important hypothesis. We believe that there are links to illegal logging and its trade, or to gold routes. Trafficking routes are cross-border and take advantage of their porosity, she says, referring to how criminal groups use the same routes to traffic gold, timber and wildlife.

Although the trafficking of jaguar parts is the obvious threat, there are other clear dangers for the continents top predator. Cummings mentions two in Guyana: conflict between jaguars and ranchers or farmers, and with gold miners in the Guyanese jungle, as both groups kill the animals in retaliation for attacking their livestock, crops or pets.

Despite the cries for help from Latin American countries, it has not been possible [to vary their level of protection], says Rodrigo Medelln, a scientist at the Latin American Alliance for Jaguar Conservation. Even the leopard has been categorized as at risk of extinction, despite having a larger area of occupancy than the jaguar, he says of the big cat species found in Africa and Asia.

See related: Is Chinese investment driving a sharp increase in jaguar poaching?In Venezuela, Mara Fernanda Puerto, founder of Proyecto Sebraba, an NGO that studies jaguars, says there are no official numbers for seizures, and that jaguars are at constant threat from the use of their parts in Sanera, a popular belief system in some parts of the country, which has even attracted parishioners with political power. We have reports of local consumption of these animals, and that there is a risk of reporting when a jaguar or ocelot has been seized. Once it has been done, within a few hours [the report] disappears, Puerto says.

In her investigation into the threats to jaguars, she has encountered a prisoner incarcerated in southern Lake Maracaibo with a jaguar skin hanging in their cell as a symbol of power. It is on display there, despite it being a crime.

In other countries, such as Ecuador, where no significant evidence of trafficking of jaguar parts has been found, alerts continue to be triggered due to the strong pressure of deforestation and habitat loss. Galo Zapata-Ros, scientific director of WCS in Ecuador, says that in the countrys Amazon region, there has been a 30% loss of habitat.

In the Choc area, 90% has been deforested now due to the advancement of livestock and agriculture, such as the cultivation of African [oil] palm, he says. This area is an important jaguar corridor between Ecuador and Colombia. The growth of such monocultures near protected natural areas is also occurring in Peru and Brazil, where these areas play a crucial role in big cat conservation.

To protect a species, its important to understand it. This applies to the jaguar populations in each of the six countries in questions, where investigations began in 2013 after the first evidence of a rise in trafficking of jaguar parts in Bolivia appeared.

Key data on jaguars in South America. In this region there are 23 populations and 60 jaguar conservation units (JCUs). Sources: Jaguar populations: Antonio de la Torre, Jos F. Gonzlez-Maya, Heliot Zarza, Gerardo Ceballos and Rodrigo Medelln, 2018. Average number in jaguar conservation units: Data Basin/Panthera, 2010.

On the IUCN Red List, the jaguars conservation status is categorized as being near threatened, an assessment that many in the scientific community say doesnt reflect their concerns. As with many other species, the lack of information is a factor in whether the jaguar should be placed under one of the threatened categories: vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered. Vania Tejeda, biodiversity officer for WWF in Peru, says its difficult to raise the alarm about the dangers faced by jaguars without investigations to demonstrate that they exist. It is difficult to push policies when there is no supporting scientific information, she says.

Recent findings, such as a 60% reduction in the species original habitat across South America, indicate that the threat is significant. Some range countries, aware of this problem, have begun to invest in the research necessary to categorize these species conservation status within their territory. For instance, the libros rojos de la fauna silvestre (wildlife red books) of Bolivia, Venezuela and Ecuador the national equivalents of the IUCN Red List assess the jaguar populations in the Amazon as being vulnerable, and the population inhabiting the Ecuadoran coast as critically endangered. In Peru, the species is listed as near threatened, but scientists led by Jos Luis Mena, director of the WCS Species Initiative in Peru, want to bring together studies carried out in recent years to improve their level of protection.

For scientists such as Rodrigo Medelln and Antonio de la Torre from the Latin American Alliance for Jaguar Conservation, there is already sufficient evidence to recategorize the jaguars conservation status at the continental level. De la Torre says that only by raising the status to vulnerable moving it from near threatened into a threatened category will it be possible to increase resources for its conservation, in turn drawing public and political attention to its care. The call for attention of an international organization may be heard more than that of local biologists and conservationists, he says.

However, there is one more step that must be taken along with the categorization, and for which more studies are also needed: the protection of habitats.

See related: A jaguar nicknamed Short-Tail is the first known to cross between Belize and Guatemala

In Peru, says Jos Luis Mena, five jaguar conservation units, or JCUs, have been identified in recent years. These are spaces that should be protected by law as important jaguar habitats, but have not been recognized as such by the state.

We must identify which are the priority areas for this conservation, as [jaguars live] in protected areas, Mena says. There is also an analysis of which spaces these corridors should support.

Peruvian scientists have begun to collect information in the northern jungles of Loreto and the southern ones of Madre de Dios. But the countrys central forests and the Ucayali region still need to be covered, Mena says. In these latter locations, in particular, cases of trafficking of jaguar parts have been detected, with six of the 11 seizures recorded between 2019 and 2020 occurring in these areas.

The lack of data in Bolivia is also evident, with many questions still unanswered: Where are the jaguars? How many are there? What spaces should be protected? According to Nez from Proyecto Operacin Jaguar, studies have focused mainly on two protected areas: Madidi and Kaa-Iya national parks in the Gran Chaco region. Outside the protected areas, where the jaguar is most at risk, not many studies are carried out on the species, she says.

Even in protected spaces such as Tariqua National Flora and Fauna Reserve, where jaguars move freely, there is no clear idea of how many there are, Nez says. The need for information becomes more urgent against the increase in oil and gold extraction and hydroelectric activities within the parks and reserves. Operation Jaguar, an IUCN NL project carried out in Bolivia, Guyana and Suriname, aims to conserve the big cats by identifying the most vulnerable areas to focus on.

Across South America, jaguar populations face very similar dangers, with little difference between the various range countries. Ecuador also has to contend with a lack of information, and has started updating its national jaguar conservation plan to identify existing research and determine who will be involved in new studies.

Jessica Pacheco, from WWF Ecuadors forest and freshwater program, says theres already information on the jaguar population in Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve, but not, for example, on the population that moves through the Achuar Indigenous territory along the border with Peru. Pacheco is especially interested in studying the latter area since, she says, It is not a national protected area but has still maintained high levels of wildlife conservation.

To this list of areas to explore, Galo Zapata-Ros of WCS adds the Andean foothills and the corridors that connect them to the Ecuadoran Amazon. We know very little about what happens in these areas and there are records of the jaguar above 2,000 meters [6,600 feet], he says, adding that WCS will start a project in these places in 2021. Zapata-Ros says cross-border corridors, such as those that link Yasun and Cuyabeno with La Paya Natural National Park in Colombia or with Geppi National Park in Peru, should not be forgotten. Jaguar conservation must have a transboundary approach, he says.

In Venezuela, to reaffirm the importance of the connection between jaguar populations, Proyecto Sebrabas Mara Puerto uses satellite imagery to identify routes that can link Sierra de Perij Park with Cinagas de Juan Manuel. Esteban Payn of Panthera says that to complete the puzzle, it would be ideal to revive the proposal for a park that would link Colombia and Venezuela, in the area of Sierra del Perij, where jaguars are known to move through.

But Puertos enthusiasm is tempered by the reality of the political situation in Venezuela. The corridor that links to Colombia should be protected, but there has already been a rejection of this proposal by the Ministry of Environment of Venezuela, she says, adding that theres no national plan for jaguar conservation in her country.

For 12 years, Puerto has concentrated her work in Cinagas de Juan Manuel National Park, south of Lake Maracaibo in Zulia state, where she estimates there are up to 3.37 jaguars per 100 square kilometers. This is an important number considering that the jaguar population density for the whole of Venezuela is an estimated 1.97 per 100 km2 with around 11,500 of the big cats in the grasslands alone according to a study by Wlodzimierz Jedrzejewski and other scientists from IVIC and Panthera.

Further research on jaguars in Venezuela may include the region of Los Llanos and the state of Amazonas. In Guyana and Suriname, research has focused primarily on threats to jaguar populations. According to Jedrzejewskis study, there are an estimated 11,500 jaguars in both countries, though there arent enough studies yet to confirm this.

Further research on jaguars in Venezuela may include the region of Los Llanos and the state of Amazonas. In Guyana and Suriname, research has focused primarily on threats to jaguar populations. According to Jedrzejewskis study, there are an estimated 11,500 jaguars in both countries, though there arent enough studies yet to confirm this.

In Guyana, biologist and geographer Cummings has been studying jaguars in his native country since 2014. He says the Guyanese government, represented by the Management and Conservation of Wildlife Commission, is currently interested in systematizing the data generated by studies, such as one hed been conducting on the animals situation in four Indigenous communities a few months ago through camera traps and drones. However, this study has been halted due to the quarantine, though there are hopes for it to be resumed before the end of the year.

At the end of 2018, 14 of the 18 countries that are home to jaguars joined forces to launch the Jaguar 2030 Plan, a road map for the conservation of the animal and the 30 landscapes it inhabits. This plan highlights priority areas to ensure the survival of the species, such as the JCUs, corridors that link territories both inside and outside the countries, and, above all, the importance of protecting natural areas that are part of their habitat.

Protected natural areas are those that will prevent human-made threats, says Vania Tejeda from WWF Peru. She adds that a recent WWF study of protected areas in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia has verified the effectiveness of such areas in keeping jaguar populations stable and ensuring the forests are healthy.

There are examples throughout South America: in Bolivia, Rob Wallace, a scientist who has studied jaguars for more than 20 years, highlights the Tambopata-Madidi transboundary landscape that encompasses natural areas in Peru (Tambopata National Reserve and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park) and Bolivia (Madidi National Park and Piln Lajas Biosphere Reserve).

Since the beginning of 2000, together with colleagues Guido Ayala and Mara Viscarra, Wallace has carried out research using camera traps that revealed a density of 0.5 jaguars per 100 km2 in 2001. By 2008 the density was up to 2, and by 2014 between 5 and 6. Since then, however, hunters have put severe pressure on the species. In 2019, the scientists carried out new monitoring that will more reliably depict the big cats current situation.

Wallace highlights the importance of joint work between countries and uses South Americas jaguar subpopulation map as evidence. According to research carried out in 2018 by Antonio de la Torre and other scientists from the Latin American Alliance for Jaguar Conservation, 26 of the 34 subpopulations are located in cross-border areas. This was also one of the main reasons outlined in the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) for the jaguar to be included in Appendices I and II. This would oblige each country to boost conservation efforts for the species and work with other range countries on cross-border protection.

Positive and negative factors are converging in the fight for the survival of this feline, says Rodrigo Medelln from the Latin American Alliance for Jaguar Conservation. Although the pressures of trafficking and habitat loss are evident, he notes that international conservation strategies, such as the Jaguar 2030 Plan, along with growing interest in expanding studies and taking actions to protect jaguars, have increased under the IUCN and global wildlife trade treaty CITES. Medelln says each country must also commit to start concerted actions in the next five years.

One of these actions is the Jaguar Corridor, a Panthera initiative that forms part of the Jaguar 2030 Plan and seeks to preserve genetic continuity between the JCUs through key cross-border sections. The area it covers spans 6 million km2, about three times the size of Mexico. As Pantheras Payn says, The Jaguar Corridor should act as a layer to generate better sustainable decisions for South Americas development. This means understanding where to build a road and where to permit areas for agriculture.

WWF Ecuadors Pacheco says countries should consider the sociocultural situations of the communities near the areas where jaguars are found as part of their conservation strategies. In updating the national conservation plan, we are taking this link with the communities into account. The process must be observed holistically, while also considering the educational side and exchange of information, she says.

Sometimes it can be difficult to sell the concept of conservation to local populations, even with animals as charismatic as the jaguar. But for Guyanese scientist Cummings, its necessary to start with everyday situations. If we know that having water is directly linked to the presence of jaguars in the forests, we might see it differently: that the environments health is directly connected to my health, that when an animal is wiped out, it has implications for my quality of life.

Banner image credit: Kipu Visual.This story was first reported by Mongabays Latam team and published here on our Latam site on June 17, 2020.

Read more Mongabay stories about jaguars here and big cats in general, including lions and tigers, here.

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Nebraska Medical Bill initiative blocked from entering the November ballots – Cannabis Health Insider

September 15th, 2020 11:36 am

Gray mold on cannabis plants is a sign of a fungal disease called Botrytis blight. It appears as a thick blanket of webs on the plants and causes severe damage to the buds during growth and even after harvest.

In most cannabis plants, gray mold starts growing on the inside of a bud before appearing on the outside. One of the preventative measures that cultivators can take early on is to protect the buds from moisture. Using tents or greenhouse to cover plants can help to attain this.

Other than this, there are a number of other techniques that can help to stop the infection from damaging the plants. Here is a complete guide to prevent and control the infection.

Typically, gray mold causes a discoloration of plant buds and a lot of moisture retention in the leaves. This causes lesions to appear on the plant, advancing into a rot in later stages. The final stage that follows after this is the appearance of the mycelium, or gray mold in the affected plant.

According to experts, if an infection appears to be gray on the outside, it is most probably gray mold. For confirmation, examining a microbial infection under a microscope can provide solid answers.

The good news for cannabis cultivators is that although gray mold is a fairly common fungal disease, it is not aggressive. It does not harm any healthy plant tissue to progress further. In fact, the disease enters the plant through pruning cuts, damages caused by insects or dying tissues of spent leaves.

As mentioned earlier, Botrytis blight does not damage healthy tissue. It enters plants through wounds created by insects. Therefore, one of the first steps to ensure protection from gray mold is to inhibit insects and diseases from attacking the plants.

Like most fungal infections, Botrytis blight flourishes in humid and dark conditions. Just 12 hours of wetness and 90% humidity levels can set the infection in motion.

This is one of the major reasons of mature plants getting infected. The dense leaf and flower growth in mature plants inhibits ventilation, creating ideal conditions for the sporadic growth of the infection.

Opening up plants for more sunlight absorption can discourage the spread of the fungal infection in plants.

Using water management techniques like drip irrigation and proper drainage can be helpful in controlling this problem. Experts also suggest the use of a couple of humidity meters in cultivation facilities for maximum control.

In addition, small tips like watering the plants early in the morning and maximizing time between watering can ensure moisture control in the plants.

End users of cannabis usually consume the plant through inhalation or smoking. This is why using commercial fungicides on the crops for treatment is highly discouraged.

One of the primary ingredients for treating fungal infections is Myclobutanil. A number of studies have found that it turns into Cyanide gas while smoking, posing serious threat to the health of the end user.

Using organic fungicides is an alternate option for crop growers. Using potassium bicarbonate, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Tetra Crop Control can help to stop the spread of infection if it is spotted early enough.

It is noteworthy that some cannabis strains are naturally mold resistant. Being inhabitants of wet and humid climates, these strains naturally have naturally developed resistance to the infection.

To curb the spread of gray mold, there are a number of techniques that can be applied by growers of cannabis plants.

Removing moldy buds and sterilizing the plants can inhibit the growth of gray mold on other parts.

Sterilizing equipment used in pruning damaged plant parts will ensure infection containment. Proper disposal of damaged parts after solarization will also ensure that the pathogens have been completely destroyed.

Botrytis has a tendency to feed on dying leaves. Therefore, removing any possible habitat can assure the infection does not thrive.

Plucking fan leaves off the plant can also be a possible step towards maintaining ventilation and humidity in its surroundings.

For assuring the best possible mold free harvest, it is important to consider the environment of the drying rooms of the harvested crops.

More often than not, buds are put in drying rooms that are humid or have a polluted airspace. In other cases, storing them while they were not completely dry starts the development of the mold.

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‘There is a sense of being robbed’: Olympian Caster Semenya loses appeal on testosterone rule – The World

September 15th, 2020 11:36 am

South African Caster Semenya won the 800-meterrun at the Rio Olympics in 2016.

But a rulingfromthe Swiss Supreme Court on Tuesday means Semenya won't get to defend her title at next year's Olympics unless she takes medication to lower her testosterone levels.

Semenya, a two-time Olympic champion,has a genetic condition known as hyperandrogenism that elevates the level of male sex hormones in her body. A new rule institutedin 2018 by World Athletics, an international governing body, disqualifies her from competing internationally because of that condition. Semenya has been fighting that rule since it was passed, and with Tuesday's decision, she lost her second appeal.

Semenya's longtime attorney, Gregory Nott,has said theymay challenge the judgment in Swiss and European courts. He joinedThe World's host Marco Wermanfrom Johannesburg.

Related:So what if some female Olympians have high testosterone?

Gregory Nott: Look, we were very disappointed, naturally, to get the ruling that we have. However, the past has shown us that 7% of CAS [Court of Arbitration in Sports] rulings have been overturned by the [Swiss] Supreme Court. And so the odds were stacked against us. Yes, we were disappointed. Were we completely flabbergasted? No.

I mean, at the end of the day, this is the dignity of Caster. And would a judgment like that be found against a male runner? Would it be found against, let's say, a European runner? Would we find ourselves in the same position?

She's very positive. She spoke this is her quote: The doors are closed, but not locked. And so, she sees an opportunity, whether it be legal means alternatively, track means, athletic means of still fighting back, still making her presence felt among competitors.

Well, very simply put, it was seen as an advantage.

So, that particular ruling was to negate or try to create fairness within the complete section of runners under a women's race. And for that reason, a particular level a cutoff, as it were, [was established]. Anyone above that level had to have hormonal or surgical interventions to ensure that their testosterone levels were dropped.

Now, one would argue, did [Michael] Phelps have to have his feet cut off because he had bigger feet than the other swimmers?

[Caster] was born as a woman. And she has she competed as such.

Well, partly. And a large part of the appeal was the human dignity and human rights of Caster, and the effects of these regulations upon her dignity, upon her self-image and a whole variety of other human rights issues as well.

Never. She won't do it, period. That's ... never... you'll never find her do it.

She's absolutely strong-willed, and there's absolutely no way that she will take any medicine or hormonal interventions at all, physically.

She testified as much and she said as much publicly. So you won't find her doing that. No.

I see the will of Caster. I see her indomitable spirit. I see her as a person, as a human being. And I think that really strikes a chord. It resonates, and I identify with her in so many ways. I see the love of our country for her.

You know, the one thing I really hate are bullies and I've always hated them since I was a young schoolboy. So, I can't stand it, and I don't like the lean on her. Quite frankly, I've seen the lean on her since I first represented her 10 years ago, and that really riles me up. And you know, I was involved in activist law many years ago, decades ago. And its within my very being. And Caster, for me, resonates.

And she's not only a client, but a family friend, and part of the family. So, for me, I'm very passionate about her. I love the way she holds herself and carries herself. And if you knew South Africa, and where she came from, and the fight that she's actually had to do and take, [that] would be an extraordinary story that she has told. And it deserves telling, because there's such an example for others and not only others in South Africa, but others who want the opportunity and the rest of the world. You want to see justice done at the end of the day and you want to see fair play. So, there is a sense of being robbed.

This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.

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Guest opinion: Why accessible health care is not government takeover – Deseret News

September 15th, 2020 11:34 am

I wish to counter many politicians claims that the government seeks to take over our health care system. The specious claims ignore the huge beneficial role government has played, and plays, in improving human health. Our collective good health and longevity derives from a hundred years of federally funded research in public health, human physiology, genetics, surgery, pharmacology, immunology, microbiology, virology and engineering.

Biomedical research at universities, medical schools, hospitals and research laboratories is substantially supported by the government. Few realize that the largest share of funds for training physicians and for postgraduate physician training come directly or indirectly from the government.

Millions of Americans receive health care through Medicare, Medicaid, veterans hospitals, Indian Health Service, Public Health Service, the Uniformed Services (Department of Defense) and others. The government subsidizes health care insurance premiums for thousands of United States civil servants. Without government support, our present health care system would implode. In their polemics, some politicians call this government support socialism or socialized medicine. I call it informed self-interest by a government concerned with the well-being of its citizens.

I practiced government medicine for over 40 years as a United States Air Force pediatrician, biomedical researcher, teacher and administrator. I witnessed massive growth in medical knowledge, the introduction of incredible new technologies and evolution of new medical skills. Hundreds of new drugs, biologics, surgical techniques, vaccines, enhanced genetic knowledge and approaches to improving mental health have revolutionized modern medicine, allowing more accurate diagnosis, real-time health monitoring, and temporary replacement of hearts, lungs and kidneys. Americans now survive cancer more often than ever before.

These new technologies and tools are only possible because the citizens of this country invested in the acquisition of knowledge, tools and services the research enterprise produced. Yet, the United States fails to equitably distribute these advances to all citizens. Health care is rationed based on ability to pay. We often spend large sums to treat patients with complex and life-threatening conditions while basic preventive care is unavailable to many families and children. Unnumbered citizens and families are bankrupted annually by catastrophic illness.

I believe the United States must redress modern health care inequities. There is much debate about how this might be done. It seems to me the fairest solution is a countrywide insurance program, or programs, to provide access to care, education, public health and protection from catastrophic illness for every person and family in the land.

This is not government takeover. It is the responsibility of government to provide life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all Americans, not only those who can pay. I urge all to consider voting with an eye to making our wealth of health care resources accessible to all citizens of our great country.

Val G. Hemming is the 2015 recipient of the distinguished alumni award from the University of Utah College of Medicine. He is the emeritus dean of the F. Edward Hbert School of Medicine at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Md.

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Development of heat-resistant cattle in the U.S. – Post Register

September 15th, 2020 11:34 am

There are basically two types of cattle in the world today. One includes the European and British breeds that descended from the original wild cattle (Bos taurus) of those regions. The other includes the more heat-tolerant animals of the tropics (the hump-backed droopy-eared Zebu cattle, Bos indicus) that include the cattle of India, Asia and Africa). Almost all cattle breeds in the U.S. today are of British and European descent, but many ranchers in the South and Southwest prefer cattle with some Zebu breeding because they are more suited to that environment.

The American Brahman was developed from several strains of cattle imported from India between 1854 and 1926, and from imported Zebu cattle from Brazil. Since then, several American breeds and composites have been created using Brahman bloodlines, including Santa Gertrudis, Brangus, Beefmaster, etc.

Dr. Jan Bonsma of South Africa was a famous cattle geneticist and student of breed efficiency, selecting cattle for the most functional traits. He was involved in the development of two new breeds, the Bonsmara and the Beefmaster. He developed the Bonsmara by crossing native Afrikaner cattle (Zebu) with Hereford and Shorthorn to develop a hardier animal than the British breeds, with better beef quality and fertility than the Zebu. Today the Bonsmara breed he created is the most numerous breed in South Africa and these cattle have been imported to other countries around the world including the U.S.

Bonsmas concept of functional efficiency in cattle was that we need to adapt the cattle to their environment, and not the other way around. He was an advisor to Tom Lasater, who created Beefmaster cattle in the U.S. Bonsmas principles of functional efficiency and Lasaters six essentials of Beefmaster breeding created a type of cattle that can adapt to harsh environments and efficiently convert grass to a well-muscled meat carcass.

Beefmaster cattle were the first American composite breed (combination of three or more breeds). In the early 1930s, Lasater developed this blend of breeds in southern Texas. Beefmasters are a composite made up of roughly one-half Bos Taurus genetics using Hereford and Shorthorn, and one-half Bos Indicus genetics (Brahman).

The American Brahman was created earlier by using Nelore cattle from Brazil (a Zebu type that came originally from India), the Gir (a dairy breed from India) and the Guzerat--a breed developed in Brazil from the Kankrej cattle imported into Brazil from India between 1875 and 1964. The Guzerat was very instrumental in creation of the American Brahman.

The blend of British breeds with zebu type cattle (providing more heat tolerance and insect resistance) to create the Beefmaster was of great benefit to cattle raisers in Texas and other southern regions of North America. In 1937, Lasater closed his herd and no outside genetics have been introduced into the breed since that time. In

1954, the Beefmaster breed was recognized by the USDA as an American breed. Currently, Beefmaster Breeders United is the fifth-largest breed registry in the U.S. Over the last 70 years, intense selection for economically important traits has resulted in a homozygous beef breed that has the growth potential of a hybrid.

Lasater selected cattle on what he called the six essentials of disposition, fertility, weight, conformation, milk production, and hardiness. Todays Beefmaster breeders also select for calving ease, fast early growth, moderate frame, easy fleshing ability and longevity. Adhering to Lasaters six essentials make these additional goals easier and faster to accomplish.

Beefmaster cattle have strong maternal traits as well as excellent growth and carcass traits. They are well known for their ability to handle heat and drought, with more insect resistance than most British and European breeds. They tend to be moderate in size, and generally light red to dark red in color, although some have white mottling on their faces and underline. The blend of Zebu and Bos taurus creates the most hybrid vigor of any cattle cross because these types are so unrelated. The blend has created super cows.

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UWMadison launching Master of Science in Athletic Training program – School of Education – University of Wisconsin-Madison

September 15th, 2020 11:32 am

UWMadisons Athletic Training program is transitioning to the masters degree level due to changing national accreditation standards and an anticipated growth in demand for athletic trainers in the coming years.

The new Master of Science in Athletic Training (MSAT) program which was approved by the UW Systems Board of Regents in April is now accepting applications and will enroll its first cohort in the summer of 2021.

Athletic trainers are multi-skilled health care professionals who collaborate with physicians as part of a health care team to provide preventative services, emergency care, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and rehabilitation of injuries and medical conditions. Athletic trainers provide this health care in a variety of settings for people involved in all levels of physical activity.

If you enjoy sports and physical activity, solving problems, caring for patients, and working with people then a career in athletic training might be for you, says UWMadisons Andrew Winterstein, who directs the universitys Athletic Training program, which is housed in the School of Educations Department of Kinesiology.

Athletic trainers do everything from creating injury prevention programs at high schools, to providing health care to intercollegiate or professional sports teams. Others help workers safely perform on a factory assembly line, or treat patients of all ages and skill levels in a clinical rehabilitation setting.

Athletic trainers are the health care professionals who use their skills where no two days or job settings are alike, says Winterstein, a distinguished clinical professor with the Department of Kinesiology.

The new MSAT program is replacing the current Athletic Training program offered at the bachelors degree level. Athletic training programs across the country are making the transition following a decision from the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE), the Board of Certification (BOC), and National Athletic Trainers Association. By the fall of 2022, athletic training programs nationally will no longer be enrolling students at the undergraduate level. However, students currently enrolled in athletic training programs and current athletic trainers will not need to earn a masters degree to satisfy this new standard.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that employment of athletic trainers will grow 19 percent from 2018 to 2028, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. Demand for athletic trainers is expected to increase as people become more aware of the long-term effects of sports-related injuries, and as a growing middle-aged and older population remains active.

UWMadisons new MSAT program takes 24 months to complete, beginning with a summer session, and includes capstone clinical preceptorships in local environments and locations around the country. The curriculum, which includes 58 credits, is front-loaded in year one (summer, fall, and spring semesters), with a heavy didactic schedule and limited clinical experiences. The second year (summer, fall, and spring semesters) then stresses immersive clinical field placements supported by innovative courses that include both face-to-face and online formats.

The program at UWMadison gives students the unique opportunity of working with elite Big Ten Conference athletes competing at the highest level of intercollegiate sports. Clinical education is guided by a talented collection of athletic training professionals dedicated to preparing students in the program for their future.

Something new and exciting in the MSAT program is that we will be offering more immersive clinical experiences for the students at a variety of locations around the country and in our own Big Ten settings, says Shari Clark, the programs clinical education coordinator. These intensive experiences will provide authentic clinical learning experiences to prepare students for a range of patient care.

As a comprehensive university, UW-Madison also offers countless collaborative interprofessional education, research, and care opportunities where MSAT students can learn from physicians with the UW School of Medicine and Public Health in the classroom, operating room, and athletic health care setting. Additional opportunities exist alongside other health science students studying to become physical therapists, occupational therapists, and physician assistants.

Im very excited about the opportunities that the new MSAT program will bring to our students, says David Bell, an associate professor with the Department of Kinesiology and the director of the Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory. I believe that students will be able to add to their clinical experience by participating in research that will directly benefit their patients.

Winterstein notes that the changing nature of health care and an increased emphasis on inter-professional practice will make the masters level of education very important to the professions future.

The new UWMadison program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education and students are eligible to sit for the national Board of Certification exam after successful completion of the MSAT program.

Our Athletic Training program is already a well-respected member of the health sciences community on campus and fully contributes to the research, instructional, and outreach missions of UWMadison, says Winterstein. The transition from the bachelors to the masters degree level will allow for greater collaboration as an interprofessional partner with existing health sciences programs.

For more information visit the MSAT programs website.

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26 Different Types of Doctors – The Most Common Types of Doctors and Specialists – GoodHousekeeping.com

September 15th, 2020 11:31 am

With upwards of 1 million licensed doctors in the United States, there have never been more caretakers to help you maintain perfect health. But nearly all patients would agree that finding the right Doc can be tricky. Yes, most doctors wear a white coat or a pair of scrubs, and can be found in hospitals or steely offices but the truth is that doctors are vastly different from one another, and most have an expertise in one particular area of medicine. There are hundreds of documented medical specialities and related certifications that physicians can pursue in their career, and there is often a special doctor for each affliction or illness, no matter how complex or rare that condition may be.

Where does one start when faced with a specific health issue? First step: It's a good idea to establish care with a primary care doctor, so that you have someone to oversee your healthcare treatment. They'll work with other doctors when the time comes, too: "Your primary care provider is an important first stop when receiving care, and they can help you to determine when you may need to see a specialist," says Craig Hersh, M.D., a board certified family medicine physician and the Chief Medical Officer for Empire BlueCross BlueShield.

"Think of your primary care provider as the front door to the healthcare system, who can also help you navigate and work with the specialist who best matches your needs," Dr. Hersh tells Good Housekeeping.

Sometimes, though, you might need direct access to a specialist say, if you've moved recently and don't have a primary care provider just yet. With the help of Dr. Hersh, we'll explore the most common types of doctors you'll likely turn to for help in your lifetime each of these 26 specialists can help address unique health concerns, and may finally get you the treatment you've been searching for.

This article generalizes the roles and descriptions of common doctors and specialists: It isn't intended to be a complete list, nor is it reflective of laws, statutes, regulations, license issues, or Medical Practice Acts by state. It is meant to be educational in nature and isn't a substitute for actual medical or treatment advice from a licensed professional. Remember: Always call 911 if you are experiencing a life-threatening emergency.

Primary care providers | Internist | Pediatrician | Geriatric specialists | Gynecologist, OB/GYN | Dermatologist | Allergist | Cardiologist | Endocrinologist | Gastroenterologist | Geneticist | Hematologist | Neurologist | Otolaryngologist | Pulmonologist | Nephrologist | Infectious disease specialists | Osteopath | Radiologists | Urologist | Plastic surgeons

Also known as a family physician, a primary care provider is in charge of handling your routine healthcare appointments, including annual physicals and vaccinations over time. Primary care doctors should always be your first call if you have a health concern that isn't an emergency, as they can help treat everything from the common cold to a physical injury. More often than not, they'll attempt to alleviate any symptoms you are experiencing; they may also refer you to another doctor or specialist.

A primary care provider can treat symptoms associated with conditions like:

These doctors work similarly to a primary care provider, in that they can see a patient routinely over their lifetime; unlike their counterparts, however, they usually have a background in internal medicine and spend their time in hospitals. Internists don't usually treat children or preteens, but care for anyone else from young adults to elderly patients, especially those who need help in diagnosing or managing chronic conditions or diseases. They may specialize in certain areas as well, like gastroenterology.

Pediatricians handle scheduled care and check-ins for infants, toddlers, younger children, adolescents, preteens, and most teenagers. They function like a primary care provider, designed for children specifically, but also keep kids' vaccinations up to date and do important screenings as they get older. Pediatricians are also a good point of contact to discuss any particular health concerns or questions about your child's physical or mental development.

Some elderly individuals may transition from a primary care doctor to what's know in the healthcare space as a geriatric specialist. Geriatricians take over primary care of people who are aging, and can help manage conditions that particularly impact the elderly, everything from severe arthritic pain to diabetes and dementia. These docs are on the other end of the family medicine spectrum from pediatricians!

Gynecologists, of course, handle preventative care for women in reproductive health, menopause, and hormone issues and you know that an obstetrician specifically looks after pregnant women and delivers their babies. An ob/gyn office (combining the two specialties) is also be a place where cervical cancer is tested and diagnosed, and where breast exams are performed.

Nearly everyone knows that dermatologists have the best information about routine skincare but they're also the specialist in charge of treating more serious skin issues, hair loss, or nail irregularities. Rashes or severe acne, rosacea or psoriasis, and skin cancer are treated; these specialists examine symptoms, help you manage them as best as possible, and provide a longterm treatment plan if possible.

These physicians are specially trained to determine if someone has an allergy, and they may also be referred to as an immunologist. If you're wondering if you have an allergy, an allergist is the doctor to see. In addition to diagnosing and managing allergies, these specialists may also help manage asthma, certain lung conditions, and immunodeficiency disorders. An allergist can give patients with allergies injections to help manage their allergies in the long run.

These physicians are in charge of taking care of your heart, but they'll most likely step in for direct care if you have high blood pressure, or experience heart failure or irregular heartbeats. Cardiologists often use physical stress tests and electrocardiography to diagnose, treat, and prevent other issues. You'll also have to be under their care after a heart attack, as your primary doctor may need screening done for future heart conditions.

These physicians look after your eyes, both medically and surgically, which is different from a optometrist, who is responsible for eye tests and corrective lenses as well as prescribing medication for some diseases. Opticians solely help you with the fit of your glasses and contacts overall.Ophthalmologists will also be needed if you develop a serious eye impairment, like glaucoma and cataracts as you age.

For those dealing with diabetes or a thyroid issue, an endocrinologist will help you pinpoint the source of trouble or help you troubleshoot longterm solutions. These specialists assess and treat internal glands that produce hormones and other bodily functions.

Digestive issues? If they're not clearing up whether it's diarrhea, bloating, acid reflux, or excessive flatulence it's time to ask for a gastroenterologist's help. Gastroenterologists who are licensed physicians, unlike gastrologists treat anything related to your digestive system (including bad breath!), and for longterm treatment, they help you control issues like irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. They may also screen you for issues later in life, like a colon cancer screening such as a colonoscopy.

Out of all doctors on this list, this may be one of the few that often require a referral; these doctors specifically look at whether a health issue has been inherited at birth, or if your genes are causing (or will cause) an issue in the future. They'll often help patients understand how genetic conditions could be passed along to a child preemptively, or they'll help to treat hereditary conditions that turn up.

If you're suffering an iron deficiency, or more serious conditions like anemia or hemophilia (inability to clot), a hematologist will step in to assess issues in your blood. They can be instrumental in preventing and treating cancers of the blood, such as leukemia.

Ah, the good brain doctor. But did you know that neurologists are also in charge of managing symptoms related to the nervous system, or anything that relates to your spine? Most often, neurologists tend to patients who have survived a stroke, or battle serious conditions like Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and numbness or nerve pain caused by neuropathy. You may also seek them out for migraines and severe headaches that aren't going away.

These specialized surgeons also take care of your head and neck, but they focus on sinus, hearing, and throat disorders, among other issues. They are more commonly referred to as ENTs because they take care of your "ear, nose, and throat" primarily. You may visit an ENT for sinus issues, allergies and their side effects, as well as swallowing and hearing issues.

Ouch! You'll be heading to a podiatrist if you have foot, ankle, or lower leg pain or issues that can't be addressed by your primary care provider. While a visit to the podiatrist is often because someone has physically injured muscles, joints, or bones in their feet, these foot docs can also manage side effects from chronic conditions like diabetes.

Often mentioned in the same breath as a immunologist, these specialists are in charge of mitigating any pain or health concerns in your lungs and the entire respiratory system. You'll be referred to them for asthma often, but pulmonologists also diagnose and treat conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and lung cancer.

Believe it or not, this doctor is just focused on a singular organ in your body: The kidney. They are often called in for longterm treatment for serious chronic kidney diseases, of which there are many: They may also set up dialysis for those experiencing kidney failure.

These doctors may be known as virologists, or epidemiologists, but more routinely they're called infectious disease physicians. These targeted specialists treat ailments that are caused by viral bacteria or viruses themselves, including conditions like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

A referral to an oncologist might be terrifying for some, especially if they have yet to yield a positive result for any kind of cancer, but oncologists are often first examining your body, blood, or tissue samples beforehand. They may treat a benign tumor, which isn't cancerous by nature, but these specialist are still required. Oncologists are the point people for anyone who is living with cancer, and they'll draft treatment options, plus additional care when you reach remission.

These doctors are different from what's known as a naturopath, or a natural doctor. Osteopaths, titled as D.O.s in the field, receive similar training to a traditional M.D. but a greater emphasis is placed on treating a person for holistic health using elements of alternative medicine. Particularly, they often focus on relieving physical pain and tension in your body, especially in muscles and in joints.

These specialized care providers only see you for a short amount of time, and mainly for one thing only: Tests. Radiologists use imaging of all kinds to make an official diagnosis after another doctor or your primary care provider orders a test. The radiologist will make a detailed report to send back to your primary doctor or the specialist who ordered the test. Their testing services most commonly include:

Another highly targeted care provider, a urologist will treat pain and conditions related to the urinary tract (including bladders and urethra) for both men and women. They may troubleshoot issues like incontinence or help you pass a kidney stone; for men, they also deal with reproductive concerns.

A visit to a plastic surgeon's office isn't always for "craniofacial" adjustments. A bulk of a plastic surgeon's doesn't have to do with cosmetic procedures: They take care of the physical reconstruction of the body, and can help to repair your skin after a serious injury or burn, for example.

A special note on the following healthcare providers: They all address aspects of mental health in one way or another, with differences based on patients' needs. Each of them have different academic qualifications of various degrees, and they work in vastly different settings as well. "Only one type can prescribe medication and treat other medical conditions," Dr. Hersh explains.

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