StemCell Therapy

Prime editing is the gene-editing method that can insert, delete and do base swapping accurately. Prime editing also termed as genetic word processor precisely select the target DNA and replace genetic code. Targeting 75,000 different mutations and correcting 89% of genetic defects will drive the demand for prime editing. In 2017, the first gene editing in the human body was attempted. Gene editing in a patient with Hunters syndrome was tested for safety and concluded reliable shreds of evidence. Superior target flexibility and editing precision with minimal errors make Prime editing first preference over the other conventional technique such as CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). Application of prime editing in reversing Genetic disease will be a milestone in gene editing.

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Increasing prevalence of genetic disease creates a huge opportunity for prime editing market. Successful preliminary results with a genetic disease like Tay Sachs and Sickle cell anaemia will drive the prime editing market. Technological advancements providing minimal error with this technique will fuel the growth of prime editing. Decreased cost of DNA sequencing will propel prime editing market for research and commercialization. Arising ethical and safety concerns will make prime editing highly regulated sector. This may limit the scope and can restraint the growing market. Detrimental effect on Genetic diversity due to genetic engineering in one way may limit the market scope.

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The global Prime Editing market is classified on the basis of application and end user:

Based on application, Prime Editing Market is segmented into following:

Based on end user, Prime Editing Market is segmented into following:

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Prime Editing is the most recent invention has created a buzz in the market. Firms accessing conventional genome engineering technologies have rolled plans of transitioning to this new technology. The restructuring by the firms is either by building upon the technological capabilities or by merging or acquiring the firms which hold expertise in prime editing. Inscripta, one of the most innovative company has launched the worlds first benchtop platform for digital genome engineering. Inscriptas Onyx device that was launched in October 2019, will enable genome editing at an unprecedented scale and cheaper rate. In 2019, Beam Therapeutics collaborated with a premium start-up in prime editing segment Prime Medicine for Prime Editing Technology. Beam therapeutics holds expertise in precision genetic medicine using base editing technology. The market consolidation activities my giants depict that genome editing will be the largest revenue-generating segment for prime editing market.

North America will drive the market for Prime Editing due to high prevalence of genetic disease and technological advancement in the U.S. and Canada. One in every 27 Jews, is carrying Tay Sachs disease gene. After North America, Europe is leading in patient pool for genetic diseases such Hemophilia and Cystic fibrosis. The genetic disease pool will drive the adoption for Prime editing treatments in this region. Asia-Pacific will remain at steady growth for Prime Editing market due less disease prevalence and focus on other therapies. Latin America and Middle East and Africa region will boost the market owing to the disease prevalence.

Examples of some of the market participants in Prime Editing market identified across the value chain Beam Therapeutics Inc., Precision BioSciences, Inscripta, Inc, Horizon Discovery Ltd., Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., CRISPR Therapeutics., Intellia Therapeutics, Inc.

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The Prime Editing market to get on to the elliptical growth mode in the next decade - PharmiWeb.com

A new study led by scientists at IUPUI and Indiana University Bloomington is the first to describe a biochemical mechanism that increases the activity of a molecule whose presence is observed in many types of cancer.

The molecule, an enzyme called Pif1 helicase, plays a role in many important cellular processes in the body. Tightly regulating this protein is vital to genome stability because too little -- or too much -- activity can influence aging and age-related diseases, primarily cancer. A common cancer therapy, HDAC inhibitors, can also impact the mechanism that regulates this enzyme.

"We're currently giving people drugs that change the acetylation status of the cell without knowing how it affects many proteins that play a role in genome stability," said Lata Balakrishnan, an associate professor of biology in the School of Science at IUPUI, who is co-lead author on the study. "HDAC inhibitors upregulate certain tumor-suppression genes, and thus are used in combination therapies to treat specific cancers, but when it comes to their impact on other parts of the cell, we're basically operating in the dark."

The study's other lead author is Matthew Bochman, an associate professor in the IU Bloomington College of Arts and Sciences' Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. Other co-authors are Christopher Sausen and Onyekachi E. Ononye, Ph.D. students in Bochman's and Balakrishnan's labs, respectively, at the time of the study.

The effect of lysine acetylation on Pif1 is the mechanism described in the study. Lysine acetylation occurs when a small molecule called an acetyl group binds to lysine, an amino acid used to build common proteins in the body. This action transforms lysine from a positively charged molecule to a neutrally charged molecule. This neutralization can impact protein function, protein stability and protein-protein interaction in cells, among other things.

Helicases are known as the genetic "zippers" of cells because they pull apart DNA for the purpose of genetic replication and repair. They also help maintain telomeres, the structure at the end of chromosomes that shortens as people age.

In the new study, the researchers identified lysine acetylation on Pif1 helicase and showed the addition of the acetyl group increases the protein's activity -- as well as its "unzipping" function. They also found that lysine acetylation changes the shape -- or "conformation" -- of the Pif1 protein. They believe that this shape change increases the amount of Pif1 helicase.

"The dynamic interplay of the addition and removal of the acetyl group on lysine regulates a wide variety of proteins within the cell," Balakrishnan said. "Perturbations to this process can play a role in cancer, aging, inflammatory responses and even addiction-related behaviors."

"As a class, helicases are involved in a lot of processes necessary for genome integrity," Bochman added. "Any significant failure in these processes is generally carcinogenic."

The precise details of lysine acetylation in Pif1, its effect of the enzyme's shape and the resulting impact on helicase activity took nearly five years to observe and report. The study, carried out in parallel on two IU campuses, was made possible by the lead scientists' complementary expertise. As a biochemist who has previously studied lysine acetylation in other proteins, Balakrishnan was able to isolate Pif1 in vitro to observe its response to chemical reactions in a test tube. In contrast, as a geneticist working in yeast as a model organism to study Pif1, Bochman was able to modify cells in vivo to watch reactions play out in a living organism.

"The ability to observe these reactions in a living cell is often more relevant, but it's also a lot messier," Balakrishnan said. "Our experiments were constantly informing each other as to where to go next."

Looking to the future, Bochman said intricate knowledge of cellular processes -- such as lysine acetylation -- will increasingly play a role in personalized therapy.

"If you sequence a patient's tumor, you can fine-tune drugs to target very specific enzymes," he said. "Instead of a drug that broadly affects the whole cell, it will be possible to take a targeted approach that reduces potential side effects. This level of personalization is really the future of cancer biology and cancer medicine."

"Lysine Acetylation Regulates the Activity of Nuclear Pif1" is available online in advance of print in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. A perspective article on the work is also forthcoming in the journal Current Genetics.

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society.

Indiana University's world-class researchers have driven innovation and creative initiatives that matter for 200 years. From curing testicular cancer to collaborating with NASA to search for life on Mars, IU has earned its reputation as a world-class research institution. Supported by $854 million last year from our partners, IU researchers are building collaborations and uncovering new solutions that improve lives in Indiana and around the globe.

View post:
Study reports chemical mechanism that boosts enzyme observed in cancer - IU Newsroom

It shouldnt really need to be stated that your eyesight of the utmost importance when youre on the road. Driving primarily relies on your ability to see around you and to react to changes in your environment by picking up on them visually. There are a lot of drivers who have to wear glasses or contacts in order to do it effectively, but you might feel a little less confident about getting the wheel if you dont have 20/20 vision. Here are a few tips that can help you feel a little safer.

Image CC0 License

Get your vision tested

First of all, if youre worried that your vision has changed since the last time you have gotten behind the wheel, or that it has shifted gradually over the past months, then its important to get to the truth of the matter. Arrange a vision test with your optometrist and they can give you definitive answers on whether or not any such changes have occurred. Most importantly, they will be able to inform you as to whether or not you can safely drive on the road. If they say you cannot, then take that as a rule of law, as you can get in trouble if you ignore their advice.

Choose the right glasses

A good eye test will be able to help you get your prescription down, but you still need to pick a good pair of glasses. You can find a store and quickly pick up a pair of frames without issue, but you should take the time to make sure that theyre right for driving with. For one, its a good idea to make sure youre not using frames with chunky edges and choose larger lenses so that youre better able to keep your peripheral vision while driving. You might even want to choose a pair of glasses that use transparent elastic bands to hold frames in place, though they can cost a little more and might not be essential.

Always be prepared

You should always ensure that you have a spare pair of glasses in the glove compartment of your car. That way, should your glasses fall off of your forget to bring them with you, you can make sure that you can hop right back into action. You dont want to be fishing around the floor of your car looking for glasses on the side of the road. Similarly, keep a pack of glasses cleaning wipes at hand so that you can keep your vision clear without too much hassle. Otherwise, if you want to make sure that you have a little added protection on the road, then choose a car that has great safety options just to offer you some peace of mind.

Beware the glare

Its a problem that many glasses wearers are already aware of but, if you havent driven in glasses before, you might be surprised just how much of a headache it can be, literally and metaphorically. For people with issues like astigmia, the glare caused by sunlight hitting your glasses (and the windshield) can cause headaches that can distract you while youre driving. Most people are going to have trouble driving with the sun glaring in their eyes, anyway. There are anti-reflecting coats that can help you, however. These coatings can protect your eyes from the sun, as well as other sources of light, such as taillights, street lamps, and more. That way, you can make sure that youre driving free of distraction.

Use your night driving tools

If youre worried about your vision, then perhaps the tip that will put you best at ease is to simply not drive at night. However, in some cases, it might not be that easy so you should at least be prepared. To that end, you should consider getting a pair of night vision glasses specifically made for people who experience night blindness. Otherwise, make sure that youre relying on the tools that are already at your disposal, such as aiming your car forward at the road accurately. Before you go out driving in the evenings, take care to clean your headlights, too, as grime from the road can build up to obscure them and diminish their ability to light the road ahead properly.

If your vision is really that bad, you wont be allowed to drive on the road and that will be that. Otherwise, keep the tips above in mind to ensure youre always taking the best care of yourself.

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Feel Safer When Driving With Bad Eyesight - The Intelligent Driver

Over 3 crore individuals suffer from blindness globally, with India being home to nearly one-third the total figure. While 80 percent of vision impairment can be prevented by early detection and timely intervention, lack of access and awareness has been a major deterrent in individuals seeking eye care. Also Read - Kangana Ranaut Looks Resplendent in Rs 1,35,000 Pastel Blue Chanderi Lehenga, Pearls for Cousin's Wedding in Manali

Reduced eyesight is caused by multiple factors, including diseases like diabetes, eye trauma, cataracts, or glaucoma. Also Read - Weight Loss Tip: Brain, Not Willpower, Decides if You Will Lose Weight Or Not

Over 5 crore people in India have moderate to severe vision impairment which has impacted their personal and professional lives, says Ramesh Pillai, Chief Optometrist & Head of Training, Titan Company Ltd, Eyewear Business. The onslaught of COVID-19 has also led to an increase in screen-time for people across ages and this has been a major factor in declining eye health. Eye care and eye health have become more of a necessity, he adds. Also Read - Second Wave Of COVID-19 in India, Experts Say Possibility of it Cannot Be Ruled Out in Winters

He suggests five simple and effective ways to ensure good eye health:

Right Glasses

Wearing branded Sunglasses that offer 100 percent UV protection while outdoors can help protect your eyes from the harmful impact of UV rays and Cataract formation. Wearing the right spectacles for screen usage like anti-reflection lenses with Blue Coating is extremely important. The Blue coating helps in blocking the harmful blue-violet and allows the essential blue turquoise to help the circadian rhythm and thereby maintain the sleep-wake cycle.

Right Diet

Eating leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale and broccoli contain Lutein and zeaxanthin to help prevent cataracts. Lutein also stimulates the growth of pigments that help block out harmful UV rays. Food rich in Vitamins C and E and zinc, reduce the risk of developing a condition called Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Antioxidants protect against sun damage. Good sources of antioxidants include egg yolk, yellow peppers, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, carrots, blueberries. Onions, shallots, garlic, capers contain sulphur, cysteine, and lecithin, which help against cataract formation.

Keep Eyes Moist

Dry eyes are a major irritant, especially as the pollution gets worse day by day. Resting the eyes often and blinking moistens the eyes, reducing dryness and irritation. One can also use drops to help keep your eyes moist in case of excess dryness.

Screen Protection

With an increase in screen-time becoming an inevitable reality, taking good care of your eyes is paramount. Use the 20-20-20 rule, by taking a 20-second screen break every 20 minutes to look at objects 20 feet away from you. Increase font size when reading on-screen, so that devices dont need to be too close to your eyes, and you dont have to squint. A clean screen boosts visibility, wipe your screen over at least once a day.

Get tested

Getting your eyes tested by a qualified Optometrist or an Eye Doctor once every year is very important. Regular eye examinations help find any symptoms associated with eye strains and provide solutions for the same. Titan Eyeplus on the occasion of World Sight Day has introduced an initiative online screen testing. Take out 60 seconds and take a simple online eye screening test that will give you an indication of whether you suffer from eyesight problems. Basis screening results, the brand requests all to visit an ophthalmologist or optician.

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Eye Health: Follow These 5 Tips To Take Care of Your Eyesight - India.com

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of adults and children have increased screen time on computers, tablets and phones. This prolonged screen time can lead to eye discomfort, fatigue, blurred vision, headaches, and dry eyes. Low lighting, glare, improper workstation set-up and undiagnosed visual problems can make things worse. When we look at a screen for a prolonged period without a break, this can lead to eye irritation and dry eyes, due to reduced blinking, with accommodative problems (difficulty focusing near and far). Children tend to ignore these symptoms, which can lead to excessive eye strain.

Ways to reduce these symptoms:

Take a scheduled 10-minute break for every hours work;

Adjust the computer to the childs body, using an adjustable chair height and footstool to help;

Check the lighting on the computer and avoid direct light on to the screen. Use dinner lighting instead of bright overhead lights;

Treat dry eyes and do eye exercises;

An annual eye examination will help diagnose refractive errors that need correction.

The following populations need additional preventative measures:

All patients 12 years and older with diabetes mellitus should have their eyes checked at least once a year. Interventions include putting eye drops in the eyes by a trained person, screeners, optometrists and ophthalmologists. An examination of the back of the eye (the retina) will detect diabetic retinopathy early. We encourage all people with diabetes to take along their clinic passports so we can make a note. You can reduce diabetic retinopathy by controlling your glucose levels and keeping your blood pressure and cholesterol levels at normal levels.

Glaucoma is common in our population. Persons can have normal vision in early and moderate glaucoma because the outer (peripheral) vision is affected first. One may not appreciate this visual loss until it is late, because when we open both eyes, they each help with peripheral vision. The reading vision is usually affected in advanced glaucoma (end-stage). All patients over 40 years should have their eyes screened for glaucoma. Risk factors apart from your heritage include patients with a family history. Short-sighted persons (high myopes) may need screening before age 40.

Patients around the age of 40 years may notice difficulty with seeing the fine print or have blurred vision while looking at their phone screens and may need to push the reading material some distance away to see. This condition is called presbyopia and is a normal phenomenon that usually requires glasses to improve near vision.

Patients with sickle cell disease (HbSS, HbSC) and patients on certain medications such as hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) should also have their eyes checked every year. We encourage patients, young and old with no medical conditions or other risk factors that may affect the eye to have at least a check on their eyes every two years. A healthy diet includes dark green and purple vegetables, and yellow/orange vegetables and fruits are good for your eyes. Remember to keep your eye appointments during this time, unless advised otherwise by your eye doctor.

Routine eye examinations can often detect and reduce the impact of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors (the need for glasses and/or contact lenses), a significant cause of visual impairment. In children, a vision screen can detect treatable conditions, including refractive errors, strabismus (squint), eye cancers (retinoblastoma), congenital cataracts, and glaucoma. Undetected refractive errors can lead to the development of amblyopia, an irreversible visual loss in an otherwise healthy eye. Amblyopia can be treated if detected early. It is, therefore, essential that all preschool children (ages five to six) have an eye examination. Subsequently, children should have an eye examination every two years, if all else is healthy

Dr Amoy Ramsay is a consultant ophthalmologist at the Cornwall Regional Hospital.

Originally posted here:
Watch your eyes! - Taking care of your sight during the COVID-19 pandemic - Jamaica Gleaner

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Eyesight of five of eight cataract op patients irreversibly damaged (Updated) - Cyprus Mail

(PRESS RELEASE) CINCINNATI, OH From October 8 10, OneSight, the leading global vision care nonprofit, teamed up with partner Fresh Air Fund and sponsors Fidelity Security Life Insurance, LCA Vision, Anthem and Wachter to provide eye exams and glasses to 200 New Yorkers.

The three-day charitable clinic, which kicked off on World Sight Day, Oct. 8th, addressed unresolved vision care needs for New Yorkers who may otherwise lack access. Leveraging OneSights proven clinic model and manufacturing capabilities, most participants in need of glasses received their newly prescribed eyewear on-site.

Caring for vulnerable populations has to be about more than just immediate need, said K-T Overbey, president and executive director at OneSight. Clear sight opens windows to the future it improves long-term educational, professional and social prospects. Our work improves quality of life, especially for individuals in need. Were extremely proud of the work we did on the ground in New York with our vision clinic.

On World Sight Day, OneSight also teamed up with other leading global vision nonprofits Clearly and IAPB to shine a light on the 230 million+ kids worldwide that need glasses, but dont have access to get them. They did this by launching the free digital childrens book Through the Looking Glasses: Stories About Seeing Clearly, which features 30 childrens stories and illustrations about seeing clearly by authors and artists from 17 countries.

The global initiative also included Bedtime Stories where celebrities, athletes and authors, such as Tennis Legend Billie Jean King; Restaurateur David Chang; Celebrity Michelle Yeoh; and TV Star Jo Frost, read stories from the book on World Sight day as tens of thousands participated around the world.

To learn more about OneSight, World Sight Day, and download the free digital book Through the Looking Glasses, visit http://www.onesight.org/worldsightday

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Onesight Provides Vision Care to 200 New Yorkers at NYC Vision Clinic on World Sight Day - InvisionMag

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New generation CRISPR technology could pave the way for therapeutics to treat inherited retina diseases, researchers report.

In this proof-of-concept study, we provide evidence of the clinical potential of base editors for the correction of mutations causing inherited retinal diseases and for restoring visual function, says Krzysztof Palczewski, chair and a professor in the Gavin Herbert Eye Institutes ophthalmology department at the University of California, Irvine School of Medicine. Our results demonstrate the most successful rescue of blindness to date using genome editing.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of blinding conditions caused by mutations in more than 250 different genes. Previously, there was no avenue available for treating these devastating blinding diseases. Recently, the FDA approved the first gene augmentation therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a common form of IRD which originates during childhood.

As an alternative to gene augmentation therapy, we applied a new generation of CRISPR technology, referred to as base editing as a treatment for inherited retinal diseases, says first author Susie Suh, assistant specialist in the ophthalmology department.

We overcame some of the barriers to the CRISPR-Cas9 system, such as unpredictable off-target mutations and low editing efficiency, by utilizing cytosine and adenine base editors (CBE and ABE). Use of these editors enabled us to correct point mutations in a precise and predictable manner while minimizing unintended mutations that could potentially cause undesirable side effects, says co-first author Elliot Choi, also an assistant specialist in the ophthalmology department.

Using an LCA mouse model harboring a clinically relevant pathogenic mutation in the Rpe65 gene, the researchers successfully demonstrated the therapeutic potential of base editing for the treatment of LCA and by extension other inherited blinding diseases.

Among other results, the base editing treatment restored retinal and visual function in LCA mice to near-normal levels. Base editing was developed at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in the lab of David Liu.

After receiving treatment, the mice in our study could discriminate visual changes in terms of direction, size, contrast, and spatial and temporal frequency, says Palczewski.

These results are extremely encouraging and represent a major advance towards the development of treatments for inherited retinal diseases.

Gene therapy approaches to treating inherited retinal diseases are of special interest given the accessibility of the eye, its immune-privileged status, and the successful clinical trials of RPE65 gene augmentation therapy that led to the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved gene therapy.

Now, as demonstrated in this study, base-editing technology can provide an alternative treatment model of gene augmentation therapy to permanently rescue the function of a key vision-related protein disabled by mutations.

The new paper appears in Nature Biomedical Engineering.

Support for the research came from the National Institutes of Health; the Research to Prevent Blindness Stein Innovation Award; Fight for Sight; the Eye and Tissue Bank Foundation (Finland); the Finnish Cultural Foundation; the Orion Research Foundation; the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation; US Department of Veterans Affairs; and a Research to Prevent Blindness unrestricted grant to the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine.

Source: UC Irvine

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Therapy restores vision in mice with retina disease - Futurity: Research News

Image Source : INSTAGRAM/KEONESKINCARE

Eye Health: 5 ways to take care of your eyesight

Reduced eyesight is caused by multiple factors, including diseases like diabetes, eye trauma, cataracts or glaucoma. Over 3 crore individuals suffer from blindness globally, with India being home to nearly one-third the total figure. While 80 percent vision impairment can be prevented by early detection and timely intervention, lack of access and awareness has been a major deterrent in individuals seeking eye care.

Over 5 crore people in India have moderate to severe vision impairment which has impacted their personal and professional lives, says Ramesh Pillai, Chief Optometrist & Head of Training, Titan Company Ltd, Eyewear Business. "The onslaught of COVID-19 has also led to an increase in screen-time for people across ages and this has been a major factor in declining eye health. Eye care and eye health have become more of a necessity," he adds.

He suggests five simple and effective ways to ensure good eye health:

Wearing branded Sunglasses which offer 100 percent UV protection while outdoors can help protect your eyes from the harmful impact of UV rays and Cataract formation. Wearing the right spectacles for screen usage like anti-reflection lenses with Blue Coating is extremely important. The Blue coating helps in blocking the harmful blue violet and allows the essential blue turquoise to help the circadian rhythm and thereby maintain the sleep-wake cycle.

Eating leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale and broccoli contain Lutein and zeaxanthin help prevent cataracts. Lutein also stimulates the growth of pigments that help block out harmful UV rays. Food rich in Vitamins C and E and zinc, reduce the risk of developing a condition called Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Antioxidants protect against sun damage. Good sources of antioxidants include egg yolk, yellow peppers, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, carrots, blueberries. Onions, shallots, garlic, capers contain sulphur, cysteine, and lecithin, which help against cataract formation.

Dry eyes are a major irritant, especially as the pollution gets worse day by day. Resting the eyes often and blinking moistens the eyes, reducing dryness and irritation. One can also use drops to help keep your eyes moist in case of excess dryness.

With an increase in screen-time becoming an inevitable reality, taking good care of your eyes is paramount. Use the 20-20-20 rule, by taking a 20 second screen break every 20 minutes to look at objects 20 feet away from you. Increase font size when reading on-screen, so that devices don't need to be too close to your eyes, and you don't have to squint. A clean screen boosts visibility, wipe your screen over at least once a day.

Getting your eyes tested by a qualified Optometrist or an Eye Doctor once every year is very important. Regular eye examinations help find any symptoms associated with eye strains and provide solutions for the same. Titan Eyeplus on the occasion of World Sight Day has introduced an initiative -- online screen testing. Take out 60 seconds and take a simple online eye screening test that will give you an indication whether you suffer from eyesight problems. Basis screening results, the brand requests all to visit an ophthalmologist or optician.

Fight against Coronavirus: Full coverage

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Eye Health: 5 ways to take care of your eyesight - India TV News

TENDRING has been revealed to be one of the worst areas for sight loss in the country, according to the latest data from the NHS.

Opticians website Book An Eye Test has compiled a list of the Top 10 places in the UK in which people have the poorest eyesight.

Sight loss is defined as being full or partial loss of sight, and temporary or permanent blindness, in one or both eyes.

North Norfolk tops the lists, with 5.45 per cent of people living with sight loss, but Tendring has also crept into the list with nearly 7,200 people with sight loss.

This makes the district the 9th worst area in the country for sight loss, with 4.84 per cent of its 145,000 residents living with poor vision.

Commenting on the findings, Katie Memory, director and managing partner at Memory Opticians, believes the results are not surprising given the average age of residents.

She said: The research shows that the places with the highest levels of sight loss are mainly situated in rural or coastal areas.

This is not surprising, as these areas are typically home to ageing populations, who often show higher rates of sight loss compared to younger generations, as sight loss increases gradually as we get older.

This also explains why, at the other end of the scale, large cities with younger populations such as London and Manchester contain fewer people suffering from sight loss.

You can view the full list by visiting bookaneyetest.co.uk/post/britains-vision.

Original post:
Here's the worst place in Essex for sight loss - Clacton and Frinton Gazette

UpMarketResearch publishes a detailed report on Eyesight Test Equipment market providing a complete information on the current market situation and offering robust insights about the potential size, volume, and dynamics of the market during the forecast period, 2020-2026. This report offers an in-depth analysis that includes the latest information including the current COVID-19 impact on the market and future assessment of the impact on Global Eyesight Test Equipment Market. The report contains XX pages, which will assist clients to make informed decision about their business investment plans and strategies for the market. As per the report by UpMarketResearch, the global Eyesight Test Equipment market is projected to reach a value of USDXX by the end of 2026 and grow at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

Get FREE Exclusive PDF Sample Copy of This Report: https://www.upmarketresearch.com/home/requested_sample/51303

The Eyesight Test Equipment market report also covers an overview of the segments and sub-segmentations including the product types, applications, and regions. In the light of this harsh economic condition as prompted by the COVID-19 outbreak, the report studies the dynamics of the market, changing competition landscape, and the flow of the global supply and consumption.

The report exclusively deals with key areas such as market size, scope, and growth opportunities of the Eyesight Test Equipment market by analyzing the market trend and data available for the period from 2020-2026. Keeping 2019 as the base year for the research study, the report explains the key drivers as well as restraining factors, which are likely to have major impact on the development and expansion of the market during the forecast period.

The report, published by UpMarketResearch, is the most reliable information as the study relies on a concrete research methodology focusing on both primary as well as secondary sources. The report is prepared by relying on primary source including interviews of the company executives & representatives and accessing official documents, websites, and press release of the private and public companies.

The report, prepared by UpMarketResearch, is widely known for its accuracy and factual figures as it consists of a concise graphical representations, tables, and figures which displays a clear picture of the developments of the products and its market performance over the last few years. It uses statistical surveying for SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, predictive analysis, and real-time analytics.

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Furthermore, the scope of the growth potential, revenue growth, product range, and pricing factors related to the Eyesight Test Equipment market are thoroughly assessed in the report in a view to entail a broader picture of the market. The report also covers the recent agreements including merger & acquisition, partnership or joint venture and latest developments of the manufacturers to sustain in the global competition of the Eyesight Test Equipment market.

Competition Landscape:

The report covers global aspect of the market, covering

Global Eyesight Test Equipment market by Types:

PortableStationary

Global Eyesight Test Equipment market by Applications:

ChildrenAdults

Key Players for Global Eyesight Test Equipment market:

EyeNetraBhavana MDCEssilor InternationalAlcon Inc.HeineHeidelberg Engineering GmbHSeiko Optical Products Co. Ltd.Nidek Co. Ltd.Carl Zeiss AGHoya CorporationAbbott Medical Optics.Inc.Johnson & Johnson Vision Care.Inc.Shenzhen Certainn Technology

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Eyesight Test Equipment Market 2019 | Analyzing The Impact Followed By Restraints, Opportunities And Projected Developments | UpMarketResearch -...

Prevent Blindness launches new awareness campaign, "Screen Time-Out," to help reduce the risk of digital eye strain.

CHICAGO (PRWEB) October 21, 2020

In response to increased virtual activity during the coronavirus pandemic, Prevent Blindness, the nation's leading volunteer eye health and safety organization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight, today launched Screen Time-Out, an awareness campaign to encourage Americans, especially parents of young children, to introduce regular screen breaks into their daily routines.

During work, school and even personal downtime, people spend as much as 12 hours a day in front of a digital screen. This amount of screen time exacerbates the risk of digital eye strain, also known as computer vision syndrome, especially for children whose eyes are still developing. Symptoms may include tired, burning or itching eyes, dry eyes, blurred vision and/or headache. The risk of digital eye strain has recently risen to a mounting level in the United States during the coronavirus pandemic, with 53 percent of respondents in a recent survey feeling burnout on screens over the last few months.

"At Prevent Blindness, we are concerned about people spending more and more time in front of our screens," said Jeff Todd, president and CEO of Prevent Blindness. "As an organization dedicated to ensuring everyone has a lifetime of healthy vision, the Screen Time-Out campaign is meant to educate people and reduce the risk of eye strain, starting with the youngest among us.

The Screen Time-Out campaign will live on social media Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest where device users are already spending a lot of their recreational screen time.

According to a recent survey of American eyecare professionals, 64 percent of respondents have seen an increase in patients having issues due to more screen time. Sixty-eight percent said they have seen those issues in both children and adults.

"Digital eye strain has been a rising modern threat to people of all ages, and it is linked to myriad issues, including eye development and nearsightedness," said Dr. Linda Chous, pediatric optometrist. "It is important now more than ever to be mindful of how much time we spend with screens and take steps to reduce the impact of digital eye strain."

To reduce eye strain, Prevent Blindness recommends children and adults take regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, shift eyes away from the screen to look at an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.

Other tips to avoid eye strain from the American Academy of Ophthalmology include:

For more information about Screen Time-Out and Prevent Blindness, visit http://www.preventblindness.org/screen-time-out.

About Prevent BlindnessFounded in 1908, Prevent Blindness is the nation's leading volunteer eye health and safety organization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight. Focused on promoting a continuum of vision care, Prevent Blindness touches the lives of millions of people each year through public and professional education, advocacy, certified vision screening and training, community and patient service programs and research. These services are made possible through the generous support of the American public. Together with a network of affiliates, Prevent Blindness is committed to eliminating preventable blindness in America. For more information, or to make a contribution to the sight-saving fund, call 1-800-331-2020. Or, visit us on the Web at http://www.preventblindness.org or http://www.facebook.com/preventblindness.

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In Exosome Therapeutic Market report, a systematic investment analysis has been performed which forecasts impending opportunities for the market players. The statistical and numerical data that has been included in this market report is represented with the tables, graphs and charts which eases the understanding of facts and figures. A proficient data and excellent forecasting techniques used in this report are synonymous with accurateness and correctness. Exosome Therapeutic Market report is a painstaking analysis of existing scenario of the market which covers several market dynamics. The market study of this global Exosome Therapeutic Market business report takes into consideration market attractiveness analysis where each segment is benchmarked based on its market size, growth rate & general attractiveness.

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Market Analysis and Insights:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Exosome therapeutic market is expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the market is growing with a CAGR of 21.9% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 and expected to reach USD 31,691.52 million by 2026 from USD 6,500.00 million in 2018. Increasing prevalence of lyme disease, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease and other chronic degenerative diseases are the factors for the market growth.

The major players covered in theExosome Therapeutic Marketreport areevox THERAPEUTICS, EXOCOBIO, Exopharm, AEGLE Therapeutics, United Therapeutics Corporation, Codiak BioSciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, ReNeuron Group plc, Capricor Therapeutics, Avalon Globocare Corp., CREATIVE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS INC., Stem Cells Group among other players domestic and global.Exosome therapeutic market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Get Full TOC, Tables and Figures of Market Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-exosome-therapeutic-market&rp

Exosomes are used to transfer RNA, DNA, and proteins to other cells in the body by making alteration in the function of the target cells. Increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic is augmenting the market growth as demand for exosome therapeutic has increased among healthcare professionals.

Increased number of exosome therapeutics as compared to the past few years will accelerate the market growth. Companies are receiving funding for exosome therapeutic research and clinical trials. For instance, In September 2018, EXOCOBIO has raised USD 27 million in its series B funding. The company has raised USD 46 million as series a funding in April 2017. The series B funding will help the company to set up GMP-compliant exosome industrial facilities to enhance production of exosomes to commercialize in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

Increasing demand for anti-aging therapies will also drive the market. Unmet medical needs such as very few therapeutic are approved by the regulatory authority for the treatment in comparison to the demand in global exosome therapeutics market will hamper the market growth market. Availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques is further creates new opportunities for exosome therapeutics as they will help company in isolation and purification of exosomes from dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, and urine and from others sources. Such policies support exosome therapeutic market growth in the forecast period to 2019-2026.

This exosome therapeutic market report provides details of market share, new developments, and product pipeline analysis, impact of domestic and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, product approvals, strategic decisions, product launches, geographic expansions, and technological innovations in the market. To understand the analysis and the market scenario contact us for anAnalyst Brief, our team will help you create a revenue impact solution to achieve your desired goal.

Global Exosome Therapeutic Market Scope and Market Size

Global exosome therapeutic market is segmented of the basis of type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user. The growth among segments helps you analyse niche pockets of growth and strategies to approach the market and determine your core application areas and the difference in your target markets.

Based on type, the market is segmented into natural exosomes and hybrid exosomes. Natural exosomes are dominating in the market because natural exosomes are used in various biological and pathological processes as well as natural exosomes has many advantages such as good biocompatibility and reduced clearance rate compare than hybrid exosomes.

Exosome is an extracellular vesicle which is released from cells, particularly from stem cells. Exosome functions as vehicle for particular proteins and genetic information and other cells. Exosome plays a vital role in the rejuvenation and communication of all the cells in our body while not themselves being cells at all. Research has projected that communication between cells is significant in maintenance of healthy cellular terrain. Chronic disease, age, genetic disorders and environmental factors can affect stem cells communication with other cells and can lead to distribution in the healing process. The growth of the global exosome therapeutic market reflects global and country-wide increase in prevalence of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases, along with increasing demand for anti-aging therapies. Additionally major factors expected to contribute in growth of the global exosome therapeutic market in future are emerging therapeutic value of exosome, availability of various exosome isolation and purification techniques, technological advancements in exosome and rising healthcare infrastructure.

Rising demand of exosome therapeutic across the globe as exosome therapeutic is expected to be one of the most prominent therapies for autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases treatment, according to clinical researches exosomes help to processes regulation within the body during treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases. This factor has increased the research activities in exosome therapeutic development around the world for exosome therapeutic. Hence, this factor is leading the clinician and researches to shift towards exosome therapeutic. In the current scenario the exosome therapeutic are highly used in treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation, Lyme disease and chronic degenerative diseases and as anti-aging therapy as it Exosomes has proliferation of fibroblast cells which is significant in maintenance of skin elasticity and strength.

Based on source, the market is segmented into dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, blood, milk, body fluids, saliva, urine and others. Mesenchymal stem cells are dominating in the market because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, multipotent, easily manageable and customarily stretchy in vitro with exceptional genomic stability. Mesenchymal stem cells have a high capacity for genetic manipulation in vitro and also have good potential to produce. It is widely used in treatment of inflammatory and degenerative disease offspring cells encompassing the transgene after transplantation.

Based on therapy, the market is segmented into immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is dominating in the market because chemotherapy is basically used in treatment of cancer which is major public health issues. The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins and various tumors associated exosomes such as miRNA and IncRNA are include in in chemotherapy associated resistance.

Based on transporting capacity, the market is segmented into bio macromolecules and small molecules. Bio macromolecules are dominating in the market because bio macromolecules transmit particular biomolecular information and are basically investigated for their delicate properties such as biomarker source and delivery system.

Based on application, the market is segmented into oncology, neurology, metabolic disorders, cardiac disorders, blood disorders, inflammatory disorders, gynecology disorders, organ transplantation and others. Oncology segment is dominating in the market due to rising incidence of various cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, skin cancer, lymphoma. As per the National Cancer Institute, in 2018 around 1,735,350 new cases of cancer was diagnosed in the U.S. As per the American Cancer Society Inc in 2019 approximately 268,600 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the U.S.

Based on route of administration, the market is segmented into oral and parenteral. Parenteral route is dominating in the market because it provides low drug concentration, free from first fast metabolism, low toxicity as compared to oral route as well as it is suitable in unconscious patients, complicated to swallow drug etc.

The exosome therapeutic market, by end user, is segmented into hospitals, diagnostic centers and research & academic institutes. Hospitals are dominating in the market because hospitals provide better treatment facilities and skilled staff as well as treatment available at affordable cost in government hospitals.

Exosome therapeutic Market Country Level Analysis

The global exosome therapeutic market is analysed and market size information is provided by country by type, source, therapy, transporting capacity, application, route of administration and end user as referenced above.

The countries covered in the exosome therapeutic market report are U.S. and Mexico in North America, Turkey in Europe, South Korea, Australia, Hong Kong in the Asia-Pacific, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Paraguay, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Uruguay as part of Latin America.

Country Level Analysis, By Type

North America dominates the exosome therapeutic market as the U.S. is leader in exosome therapeutic manufacturing as well as research activities required for exosome therapeutics. At present time Stem Cells Group holding shares around 60.00%. In addition global exosomes therapeutics manufacturers like EXOCOBIO, evox THERAPEUTICS and others are intensifying their efforts in China. The Europe region is expected to grow with the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026 because of increasing research activities in exosome therapeutic by population.

The country section of the report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impacts the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as new sales, replacement sales, country demographics, regulatory acts and import-export tariffs are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, presence and availability of global brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, impact of sales channels are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

Huge Investment by Automakers for Exosome Therapeutics and New Technology Penetration

Global exosome therapeutic market also provides you with detailed market analysis for every country growth in pharma industry with exosome therapeutic sales, impact of technological development in exosome therapeutic and changes in regulatory scenarios with their support for the exosome therapeutic market. The data is available for historic period 2010 to 2017.

Competitive Landscape and Exosome Therapeutic Market Share Analysis

Global exosome therapeutic market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product trials pipelines, concept cars, product approvals, patents, product width and breadth, application dominance, technology lifeline curve. The above data points provided are only related to the companys focus related to global exosome therapeutic market.

Many joint ventures and developments are also initiated by the companies worldwide which are also accelerating the global exosome therapeutic market.

For instance,

Partnership, joint ventures and other strategies enhances the company market share with increased coverage and presence. It also provides the benefit for organisation to improve their offering for exosome therapeutics through expanded model range.

Customization Available:Global Exosome Therapeutic Market

Data Bridge Market Researchis a leader in advanced formative research. We take pride in servicing our existing and new customers with data and analysis that match and suits their goal. The report can be customised to include price trend analysis of target brands understanding the market for additional countries (ask for the list of countries), clinical trial results data, literature review, refurbished market and product base analysis. Market analysis of target competitors can be analysed from technology-based analysis to market portfolio strategies. We can add as many competitors that you require data about in the format and data style you are looking for. Our team of analysts can also provide you data in crude raw excel files pivot tables (Factbook) or can assist you in creating presentations from the data sets available in the report.

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Exosome Therapeutic Market 2020-2026 || Major Gaints Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, ReNeuron Group plc,...

High response rates were observed for patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma treated with the combination of vorinostat and an mTOR inhibitor, according to findings published in Clinical Cancer Research.1

Although the majority of patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma are considered to be cured following first-line treatment with standard therapy, 5-year survival rates for those with relapsed/refractory disease following primary treatment can be as low as 30%.2

Despite US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of brentuximab, a CD30 antibody-drug conjugate, and the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, an unmet need remains for new therapies in this setting.

Based on prior preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting the potential efficacy of dual histone deacetylase (HDAC) and AKT/mTOR inhibition for those with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, the cohort of patients with heavily pretreated Hodgkin lymphoma enrolled in a nonrandomized, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01087554) investigating the combination of vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, with an mTOR inhibitor in advanced cancer was expanded.

The rationale for such an approach was grounded in evidence implicating HDAC overexpression and associated aberrant gene expression in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as a possible role for mTOR signaling as a pathway for resistance to HDAC inhibition in this setting.2,3

At baseline, the 40 patients included in this analysis were aged at least 18 years; the median patient age was 33 years. Regarding race/ethnicity, 55%, 27.5%, 12.5%, and 5% of these patients were White, Hispanic, Black, and Asian, respectively. Stage IV disease was present in 65% of patients, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 (30%), 1 (50%), and 2 (20%). The median number of prior treatments was 5, with previous therapies including brentuximab vendotin, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and allogeneic HSCT in 97.5%, 65%, and 30% of patients, respectively.

None of these patients had received prior treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor.

Vorinostat, in combination with either siroliumus and everolimus, was administered to 22 and 18 patients, respectively.

For those patients treated with vorinostat plus siroliumus, the complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates were both 27%. At a median follow-up of 43.3 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months.

In the subgroup receiving vorinostat plus everolimus, the CR and PR rates were 11% and 22%, respectively, and, at a median follow-up of 21 months, the median PFS was 4.8 months. A comparison of median PFS for those treated with either sirolimus or everolimus did not show a significant difference (P =.13)

Of note, responses were seen even in patients who received prior treatment with AKT or HDAC inhibitors, the study authors commented.

Regarding the safety of combination therapy with an HDAC and an mTOR inhibitor, the most commonly reported grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) in the overall study population were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. However, while the frequencies of grade 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia for those treated with sirolimus were 9%, 36%, and 0%, respectively, the corresponding rates were 0%, 11%, and 9% for the subgroup receiving everolimus. No treatment-related grade 5 AEs were reported.

In their concluding remarks, the study authors noted that combined HDAC and mTOR inhibition has encouraging activity in patients with relapsed and/or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and warrants further investigation.

References

Continued here:
Promising, Early Results for Combined HDAC and mTOR Inhibition in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma - Cancer Therapy Advisor

DENVER A baby broken, inside the womb.

Most doctors gave little unborn Payton Calvillo any hope she would survive. But through strong faith and the help of a team of medical experts, she is thriving today.

"She's a complete miracle baby," said Payton's mother, Ahna Calvillo.

When Ahna was just five months pregnant, she was told her unborn baby would probably not survive birth.

"It was pretty much a death sentence from the beginning."

Payton's bones were breaking and bending inside the womb.

"She likely had a problem where she couldn't make alkaline phosphatase properly," explained Dr. Sunil Nayak, a pediatric endocrinologist at Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children.

Alkaline phosphatase is needed for bones to grow and strengthen and there was little anyone could do.

Nineteen different specialists were on hand for the C-section delivery

"They even asked us the question that morning, how far do you want us to go?" Ahna remembered. "'Do you want a ventilator on her?', you know, 'How far do you want us to prolong her life?' Our ultimate hope and goal was that she would come out and breathe on her own."

"She just came out screaming," said Ahna. "She came out crying. She breathed on her own right away. She was perfect."

Payton was diagnosed with hypophosphatasia, a disorder that weakens bones and was immediately placed on a new FDA-approved medicine.

"Here we are just one year later at one year of age and you see a dramatic difference in the shape," said Dr. Jared Riley, a pediatric orthopedic surgeon at Rocky Mountain Hospital.

Before the medicine, 75% of all patients died by the age of five.

Now there is a 97% chance Payton will live a normal life.

"My baby was broken and that's what I needed God to do was a miracle," said Ahna.

One was also treated with bone fragments and cultured osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells.

"Cultured" refers to cells that are grown under specific conditions outside of the natural environment (the body) and within a laboratory.

Both patients showed significant, but incomplete improvement, although no more formal studies have been conducted.

Then, the drug teriparatide (parathyroid hormone 1-34) has been given "off-label" to several adults with HPP with metatarsal stress fractures or femoral pseudo fractures, resulting in healing.

The drug is not permitted for use in children.

More research is necessary to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of teriparatide in the treatment of HPP.

Every year eight million babies are born with genetic disorders passed down from generation to generation.

Payton will stay on the new medication for the next few years and then doctors will re-evaluate whether she needs to continue.

Payton's family didn't even know they carried the problematic HPP gene until an ultrasound revealed it in their unborn baby.

After being genetically tested, Payton's mother and grandfather are positive.

Neither one has ever suffered from weak or broken bones.

If this story has impacted your life or prompted you or someone you know to seek or change treatments, please let us know by contacting Jim Mertens atjim.mertens@wqad.comor Marjorie Bekaert Thomas atmthomas@ivanhoe.com.

Continued here:
YOUR HEALTH: Saving an unborn baby breaking apart in the womb - WQAD.com

Transparency Market Research (TMR) has published a new report titled, Autologous cell therapy Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 20192027. According to the report, the global autologous cell therapy market was valued at US$ 7.5 Bn in 2018 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 18.1% from 2019 to 2027.

Overview

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Rise in Prevalence of Neurological Disorders & Cancer and Others to Drive Market

Request for Analysis of COVID19 Impact on Autologous Cell Therapy Market https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=covid19&rep_id=715

Bone Marrow Segment to Dominate Market

Neurology Segment to be Highly Lucrative Segment

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Hospitals Segment to be Highly Lucrative Segment

North America to Dominate Global Market

Competitive Landscape

The global autologous cell therapy market is fragmented in terms of number of players. Key players in the global market include Pharmicell Co., Inc., Castle Creek Biosciences, Inc., Vericel Corporation, Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Opexa Therapeutics, Inc., Regeneus Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited., Sangamo Therapeutics, U.S. Stem Cell, Inc. and other prominent players.

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Autologous Cell Therapy Market is Anticipated to Expand at a CAGR of 18.1% from 2019 to 2027 - Eurowire

With the success of first vaccine to reach phase I clinical trial and turning out to be safe, well-tolerated, and capable of generating an immune response against the virus in humans, a lot of hope has been created with this vaccine. However, the research is still ongoing to develop novel therapeutic treatments that could aid infected patients in the meantime. One such growing area of interest is the use of cell therapy.

Cell Therapy: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19?

Cell therapies represent highly innovative therapeutic approaches that have revolutionized healthcare practices. Several studies from all over the world has proposed stem-cells based therapy, specifically mesenchymal stem cells, as a suitable remedial approach in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the leading cause of death in COVID-19 patients. Even though there are no approved cell therapy-based approaches for the prevention or treatment of COVID 19, however, many clinical trials have begun, and scientists are trying relentlessly to develop a therapeutic to treat this disease.

Companies Engaged in the Manufacturing of Cell Therapies

Presently, over 100 industry players and 60 non-industry players are involved in the manufacturing of cell therapies; of these, 52% have the required capabilities for manufacturing T-cell therapies.

Satta King

The Key Hubs of Cell Therapy Manufacturing

Majority of the industrial stakeholders (41%) are based in North America, followed by those based in Europe (31%) and the remaining in Asia Pacific. It is worth mentioning that within Asia Pacific, Japan (8) emerged as a popular hub for cell therapy manufacturers.

Demand for Cell Therapies (in terms of number of patients) is Anticipated to Grow at a CAGR of >21%, During 2019-2030

Given that advanced therapeutic medicinal products (ATMPs) is relatively a niche domain, the overall commercial demand for cell therapies is estimated to be more than 18,500 patients in 2019 and this value is likely to grow to close to 0.4 billion patients by 2030.

To get a detailed information on the key players, recent developments, capacity available, demand and the likely market evolution, visit this link

Cell Therapy: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19?

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Careful, man, theres a beloved actor here.

Jeff Bridges revealed that he has lymphoma, which is the most common type of blood cancer. And this sobering news has spurred celebrities and fans to send their best wishes to the star best known for playing the Dude, the White Russiandrinking bowler and casual-wear icon from the Coen brothers 1998 cult classic, The Big Lebowski.

But the Dude abides, and Bridges suggested that his outlook looks just as promising.

As the Dude would say.. New S**T has come to light, tweeted Bridges, 70, on Monday. I have been diagnosed with Lymphoma. Although it is a serious disease, I feel fortunate that I have a great team of doctors and the prognosis is good.

Celebrities such as Cary Elwes, John Lithgow, Patricia Arquette and George Takei posted encouraging words and prayers to Bridges, who is the son of Lloyd and Dorothy Bridges, and has starred in more than 70 films including Starman, True Grit and The Last Picture Show. He won an Academy Award in 2010 for Crazy Heart, and was honored with the Cecil B. DeMille lifetime-achievement award during the 2019 Golden Globes.

And he is now one of the most high-profile cases of lymphoma, a cancer of the bodys infection-fighting lymphatic system that affects the blood and bone marrow. And more than 85,000 new cases of lymphoma are expected to be diagnosed in the U.S. this year, according to American Cancer Society data shared by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, with some 791,550 people currently living with lymphoma or in remission from the disease in the U.S.

Many different types of lymphoma exist, and Bridges did not share any more details about his diagnosis or treatment. But his disclosure is an opportunity to share more information about lymphoma, the risk factors and symptoms to be aware of, as well as treatment options.

What is lymphoma?

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that are part of the bodys immune system, specifically the lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that fights germs. So these cancers can affect the blood and bone marrow, as well as the other tissues and organs that produce, store and carry white blood cells including the spleen.

Doctors still dont know what specifically causes lymphoma, but at some point a lymphocyte mutates and begins to reproduce rapidly. The mutated, abnormal cells live longer than the normal cells would, and in time, the diseased and ineffective lymphocytes outnumber the healthy cells, which causes the lymph nodes, liver and spleen to swell.

There are two main types of lymphoma, the CDC explains, including:

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), which spreads in an orderly manner from one group of lymph nodes to another.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which spreads through the lymphatic system in a non-orderly manner.

What are the symptoms?

Signs and symptoms of lymphoma may include:

These symptoms can be signs of other health conditions, of course, so its recommended that anyone experiencing them should see a doctor to determine the cause.

How is it treated?

There are many different types of lymphoma including 90 different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and treatment varies depending on the type and severity. Generally, lymphoma treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy medication. The Mayo Clinic, which is an international authority on lymphoma research, explains that the goal of treatment is to destroy as many cancer cells as possible to bring the disease into remission. A bone marrow or stem cell transplant may be performed in some cases to help rebuild healthy bone marrow after chemo and radiation has suppressed the diseased bone marrow.

Bridges didnt specify his own treatment, only saying that he is beginning treatment and will keep the public posted on his recovery.

Treatment can be very expensive, however, with almost 60% of patients covered by Medicare telling the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society in a 2019 study that they decided to delay or forego treatment, largely due to steep out-of-pocket costs. It noted that some traditional Medicare lymphoma patients getting anti-cancer therapy though infusions experienced out-of-pocket costs of more than $19,000 in their first year. And costs can extend two or three years beyond a blood cancer diagnosis.

Who is most at risk?

While children, teens and adults can all develop lymphoma, some types are more common in certain age groups. The CDC notes that rates of Hodgkin lymphoma are highest among teens and young adults (ages 15 to 39) as well as among older adults (ages 75 and older). But non-Hodgkin lymphoma becomes more common as people get older.

Men are also slightly more likely to develop lymphoma than women, the CDC adds, and white people are more likely than Black people to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Cases have also been more common in people who are immunocompromised, including those who take drugs to suppress their immune systems. And some infections such as HIV and the Epstein-Barr virus are also associated with an increased lymphoma risk.

And like many other cancers, family history has been linked with a higher risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.

What is the survival rate?

The good news is, Hodgkin lymphoma is now considered to be one of the most curable forms of cancer, according to the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, with a five-year survival rate of 94.4% among patients younger than 45 at diagnosis. And the five-year relative survival rate for those with Hodgkin lymphoma more than doubled from 40% in whites in 1960 to 1963 (the only data available) to 88.5% for all races from 2009 to 2015.

And the five-year relative survival rate for people with non-Hodgkin lymphoma rose from 31% in whites from 1960 to 1963 (the only data available) to 74.7% for all races from 2009 to 2015.

Still, an estimated 20,910 Americans are expected to die from lymphoma this year, including 19,940 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 970 with Hodgkin lymphoma.

How does COVID-19 complicate things?

While the medical community is still learning about COVID-19, the general consensus is that people with cancer, who are in active cancer treatment or have previously been treated for cancer, may be at higher risk of severe illness and death if they get the coronavirus. So its important that these folks lower their risk of exposure to COVID-19 by avoiding large crowds and non-essential travel; working from home, if possible; staying at least six feet away from people outside their household; wearing a face mask when they cant socially distance; as well as washing their hands frequently, and not touching their eyes, nose or mouth.

Where can I find more information or support?

Visit the CDC and American Cancer Society pages on lymphoma.

The Mayo Clinic also outlines its lymphoma research and treatment strategies on its website.

The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society and the Lymphoma Research Foundation also provide valuable information and support.

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Jeff Bridges is one of the 85,000-plus lymphoma cases expected in the U.S. this year - MarketWatch

New guidelines from he American Society of Hematology (ASH) for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older patients recommend intensive antileukemic therapies over more conservative approaches, such as less-intensive therapies or supportive care, when treatment is considered tolerable.1

The guideline panel included physicians based in the United States and Canada who represented a variety of subspecialties including frailty, geriatric oncology, and patient-reported outcomes. In an interview with Targeted Therapies in Oncology, primary guidelines author Mikkael A. Sekeres, MD, MS, said the panel selection process was sensitive to gender and geographic distribution and included 3 leaders of cooperative groups in the United States for leukemia, as well as one from the National Cancer Institute of Canadas leukemia group.

These are the first guidelines published by ASH for any hematological malignancy. They are unique in how rigorously developed they were, [as they were] based on stringent standards for guideline development, said Sekeres, a professor in the Department of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine as well as medical director of the Clinical Trials Unit at Taussig Cancer Institute of Cleveland Clinic, both in Ohio.

In weighing multifactorial risks and benefits of initiating potential antileukemic therapy in patients with AML older than aged 65 years, decisions to pursue treatment may be influenced by the physicians or patients reluctance to assume an aggressive treatment strategy. The health care system also may contribute to poor prognoses in this patient subset due to treatment reluctance, as more than half of patients in this AML subgroup received no therapy and were not provided equal access to allogenic transplant once achieving remission.1 Because survival rates for this vulnerable population remain historically low, data regarding best practices are limited.

Methods for Determining Recommendations The recommendations were developed through a systemic review of evidence using the McMaster University Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, allowing the panel to provide recommendations that vary in strength based on certainty of evidence available. Strong to conditional recommendations were based on investigator-assessed certainty of evidence available.1

Patient data included in the review were from patients with newly diagnosed de novo, treatment-related, and secondary AML aged 55 years or older with receipt of less-intensive or intensive antileukemic therapy and treated as part of a clinical trial with 20 or more patients. Patient data from those with acute promyelocytic leukemia, myeloid neoplasms associated with Down syndrome, and studies in which more than 75% of the population did not meet criteria for inclusion were excluded from the review.1

The data reviewed by the panel showed a limited number of randomized studies available for this population. Although a number of retrospective data studies were examined, Sekeres pointed out the potential for high selection bias in [such] studies due to factors like existing serious comorbidities, such as end-stage lung cancer. We made recommendations at different levels based on the quality of supporting data, couching our recommendations in the quality of data that we had, he said, adding that critical outcome factors such as caregiver burden, quality-of-life (QOL) impairment, functional status impairment, and severe toxicity also factored in to the panels decisions. The weight of these factors varied slightly with each clinical question. Sekeres said the panel tailored factors they considered relevant in managing an older adult with AML to each specific clinical question. Unfortunately, often due to poor health or functional status within this population, patients did not participate directly in providing this data.

Although the panel began with approximately 20 clinical questions, Sekeres said they narrowed down the guidelines to 6 key areas of consideration. Clinical questions were determined and prioritized by the panel and are shown below with corresponding recommendations.

With strong evidence based on moderate certainty provided by the clinical data, the panel recommends offering antileukemic therapy to patients over best supportive care whenever possible. The comparison of intensive therapy versus best supportive care suggests a hazard ratio for death of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.26-0.50) based on low quality of evidence.

This recommendation may seem incredibly obvious, but when you examine the data in the United States, you realize that a lot of older adults with AML are told to get their affairs in order and seek no treatment, said Sekeres. Lets be clear at the very beginning. If someone wants treatment, you should treat them, and this should be done in alignment with their overall QOL goals.

Level of evidence is of a lower certainty based on the data available, but the panel favors intensive therapybut placed a conditional recommendation on this determination. A review suggested that intensive therapy may produce a lower risk of death versus the alternative (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.89) and that the risk of death may be lower at 1 year with this strategy (risk ratio [RR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85-1.01).1 The [limited available] studies support more intensive antileukemic therapy if it is consistent with the patients individual goals, Sekeres said. That involves the careful balance of potential benefit in terms of getting into remission and survival versus risks of dying. The risks to QOL and of being hospitalized for the first 4 to 6 weeks of diagnosis also weigh heavily on the decision-making process.

Sekeres said certain patients who receive one therapy and achieve remission still need additional intervention. [Remission] is not enough. You need to give more [treatment] or else the chances of long-term survival diminish, he said. Moderate quality evidence supports consolidation therapy for lower mortality (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.89-1.03), longer survival times by a median of 3 months, and longer time to recurrence by a median of 1 month versus no consolidation.

We only know this through indirect evidence. Long-term survivors who are older always receive more than one course of chemotherapy, but there are no randomized trials stating that more...is better than just one course [of treatment] or that a certain number of courses is the ideal amount, Sekeres said. As such, the panel suggests treating patients who are not candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with at least 2 cycles of intensive antileukemic therapy based on low certainty of evidence.

Considering potential treatment planning factors such as age, comorbidities, and patient goals can sometimes lead to a third branch of decision-making for older patients, Sekeres said. For example, some patients with AML are under the initial impression that they likely have 2 options for treatment: intense chemotherapy or no treatment with supportive care only. Sekeres explained that less-intensive therapy is a third option to strongly consider when trying to align care with the patients goals and life experiences. In the United States, this commonly includes hypomethylating agents azacitidine and decitabine.

As such, recommendation 4 is divided into 2 subgroups focusing on less-intensive therapy options using hypomethylating agents. There doesnt seem to be one preference for one hypomethylating agent over another or over other low-dose approaches, said Sekeres. As our guidelines were breaking, we knew of some trials that were going to be published that looked at combination therapy versus monotherapy.

In a phase 1/2 study (NCT02203773) reviewed by the ASH panel, azacitidine plus venetoclax (Venclexta) demonstrated a promising efficacy rate with a tolerable safety profile versus administrations of azacitidine alone. However, the patients in this positive study were subjected to required hospitalization to receive the combination therapy.2 In this case, if you think back to where we started regarding patient goals, you are now mixing goals, Sekeres said. If a patient wants a less-intensive approach, they typically want out of the hospital and to be at home.

As such, the official recommendation from the panel suggests the use of either a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine as monotherapy based on moderate certainty of evidence in patients who are not eligible for intensive regimens. The second part of the recommendation suggests favoring monotherapy over combination therapy. However, if the patient chooses to move forward with combination treatment, low-dose cytarabine plus glasdegib (Daurismo) or a hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax can be used based on randomized trial data.

A conditional recommendation based on a low level of certainty led to the panel suggesting continuous therapy versus a time-limited approach.

Sekeres said that although this recommendation had limited supporting evidence, the specific amount of time is somewhat irrelevant. [Patients] should continue to receive [the treatment] as long as they are responding, he said. There is currently no study that stops this therapy at a certain point.

The last recommendation is a favorite of Sekeres because this is where we make the very clear statement that if a patient wants blood transfusions while on hospice, that person should be allowed to do so. We consider it to be supportive care and not heroic, he said.

Sekeres also explained the importance of finding a less-intensive approach for patients who have concerns about the effects of intensive therapy but still desire treatment, perhaps because of an expressed wish to live long enough for an upcoming family celebration or other personal reasons. Concerns such as hospitalization time, tolerability, potential adverse effects, overall QOL, and functional status are all incredibly important factors to consider when deciding the best course of action. In some instances, it may be more important to focus on tolerability than overall survival in this fragile population.

The ASH guidelines are not intended to serve or be construed as a standard of care, said Sekeres, but they are intended to assist physicians and educate patients in making decisions about potential diagnostic and treatment alternatives.1 The data herein highlight an unmet need for continued advocacy and research.

Sekeres said his interest in this patient population and corresponding research focus began during his fellowship, where he felt that a set of guidelines were important to address this clinical question with evidence-based treatment support for newly diagnosed AML.

This is an extremely vulnerable population for whom the treatment decision at the very beginning of diagnosis is far from straightforward, Sekeres said. My job is somewhat easy because my decision trees dont have a lot of branches to them. However, its hard because the therapy we are giving has an appreciable mortality itself.

To provide fellow treating physicians with a key takeaway, Sekeres advised, Your most important job as a health care provider working with a patient who has leukemia is making sure you are helping that person identify what his or her goals are and then meeting those goals with the treatments that you are offering.

References:

1. Sekeres MA, Guyatt G, Abel G, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for treating newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in older adults. Blood Adv. 2020;4(15):3528-3549. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001920

2. DiNardo CD, Pratz KW, Letai A, et al. Safety and preliminary efficacy of venetoclax with decitabine or azacitidine in elderly patients with previouslyuntreated acute myeloid leukaemia: a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(2):216-228.doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30010-X

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New ASH Guidelines Highlight a Call to Action for Treatment of Older AML Patients - Targeted Oncology

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The healthcare industry has been focusing on excessive research and development in the last couple of decades to ensure that the need to address issues related to the availability of drugs and treatments for certain chronic diseases is effectively met. Healthcare researchers and scientists at the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine of the Hong Kong University have successfully demonstrated the utilization of human induced pluripotent stem cells or hiPSCs from the skin cells of the patient for testing therapeutic drugs.

The success of this research suggests that scientists have crossed one more hurdle towards using stem cells in precision medicine for the treatment of patients suffering from sporadic hereditary diseases. iPSCs are the new generation approach towards the prevention and treatment of diseases that takes into account patients on an individual basis considering their genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment. Along with the capacity to transform into different body cell types and same genetic composition of the donors, hiPSCs have surfaced as a promising cell source to screen and test drugs.

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In the present research, hiPSC was synthesized from patients suffering from a rare form of hereditary cardiomyopathy owing to the mutations in Lamin A/C related cardiomyopathy in their distinct families. The affected individuals suffer from sudden death, stroke, and heart failure at a very young age. As on date, there is no exact treatment available for this condition.

This team in Hong Kong tested a drug named PTC124 to suppress specific genetic mutations in other genetic diseases into the iPSC transformed heart muscle cells. While this technology is being considered as a breakthrough in clinical stem cell research, the team at Hong Kong University is collaborating with drug companies regarding its clinical application.

The unique properties of iPS cells provides extensive potential to several biopharmaceutical applications. iPSCs are also used in toxicology testing, high throughput, disease modeling, and target identification. This type of stem cell has the potential to transform drug discovery by offering physiologically relevant cells for tool discovery, compound identification, and target validation.

A new report by Persistence Market Research (PMR) states that the globalinduced pluripotent stem or iPS cell marketis expected to witness a strong CAGR of 7.0% from 2018 to 2026. In 2017, the market was worth US$ 1,254.0 Mn and is expected to reach US$ 2,299.5 Mn by the end of the forecast period in 2026.

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Customization to be the Key Focus of Market Players

Due to the evolving needs of the research community, the demand for specialized cell lines have increased to a certain point where most vendors offering these products cannot depend solely on sales from catalog products. The quality of the products and lead time can determine the choices while requesting custom solutions at the same time. Companies usually focus on establishing a strong distribution network for enabling products to reach customers from the manufacturing units in a short time period.

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Several leading players have their presence in the global market; however, many specialized products and services are provided by small and regional vendors. By targeting their marketing strategies towards research institutes and small biotechnology companies, these new players have swiftly established their presence in the market.

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Market To Grow At 7% YOY In Forecast Years 2026 - The Think Curiouser