StemCell Therapy

NEW YORK, NY , Feb. 12, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- via NewMediaWire -- Tauriga Sciences, Inc. (OTCQB: TAUG) (“Tauriga” or the “Company”), a revenue generating, diversified life sciences company, with a proprietary line of CBD & CBG infused Supplement chewing gums (Flavors: Pomegranate, Blood Orange, Peach-Lemon, Pear Bellini, Mint, Black Currant) as well as an ongoing Pharmaceutical Development initiative, today announced that it has commenced development of its 1st full spectrum Cannabidiol (“CBD”) infused edibles product line.  The Company plans to develop this above referenced product line, with the following attributes: Kosher Certified, Halal Certified, Vegan Formulation, Dairy-Free, Infused with Full Spectrum Hemp Extract (“Full Spectrum”), All-Natural Flavors, Sugar Free/Diabetic Friendly Version(s), and Full Adherence to U.S. Federal Laws & Regulations.  The Company expects to provide concrete details about this proposed full spectrum product line within the near term.

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Tauriga Sciences Inc. to Commence Development of its 1st Full Spectrum CBD Infused Edibles Product Line

In addition to preservation of neurocognitive development with ABO-102 in MPS IIIA, new clinical results of ABO-102 in MPS IIIA and ABO-101 in MPS IIIB continue to show dose-dependent and sustained reductions in disease-specific biomarkers, denoting clear biologic effects

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New Positive Phase 1/2 Interim Data Presented at WORLDSymposium™ Shows Neurocognitive Development of Young MPS IIIA Patients Preserved up to Three...

BOSTON, Feb. 12, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Radius Health, Inc. (“Radius” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: RDUS) provided a business update on the abaloparatide global business. Progress was made, and continues to be made, across the following areas.

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Radius Health, Inc. Provides Abaloparatide Business Update

Higher dose cohorts demonstrated 100% overall response rate, resulting in substantial reduction in baseline corticosteroid use

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Equillium Presents Positive Interim Clinical Data of Itolizumab in First-line Treatment of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease at the...

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Tauriga Sciences, Inc. Now Configured to Accept the Following Cryptocurrencies as Payment Options on Its E-Commerce Platform: Bitcoin (BTC), Etherium...

Nes Ziona, Israel, Feb. 12, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd. (NASDAQ: ENLV), a clinical-stage macrophage reprogramming immunotherapy company targeting diseased macrophages in patients with sepsis, COVID-19 and solid tumors, today announced the closing of its previously announced offering of 2,296,107 ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.40 per share, of the Company at a price to the public of $20.00 per ordinary share, less underwriting discounts and commissions.

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Enlivex Announces Closing of Previously Announced Bought Deal Offering of Approximately $46.0 Million Ordinary Shares

HOUSTON, Feb. 13, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bio-Path Holdings, Inc., (Nasdaq:BPTH), a biotechnology company leveraging its proprietary DNAbilize® liposomal delivery and antisense technology to develop a portfolio of targeted nucleic acid cancer drugs, today announced that it intends to offer and sell, subject to market and other conditions, shares of its common stock in a public offering. The offering is subject to market and other conditions, and there can be no assurance as to whether or when the offering may be completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.

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Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. Announces Proposed Public Offering of Common Stock

Prime Minister, Boris Johnson visits Newcastle-based QuantuMDx

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Prime Minister, Boris Johnson visits Newcastle-based QuantuMDx

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Neck Hammock Reviews – Does this gadget really help? – Product Review by Mike Vaughn

Nanotechnology in Medical Applications: The Global Market

This report discusses the implications of technology and commercial trends in the context of the current size and growth of the pharmaceutical market, both in global terms and analyzed by the most important national markets. The important technologies supporting nanomedicine are reviewed, and the nature and structure of the nanomedicine industry are discussed with profiles of the leading 60+ companies, including recent merger and acquisition (M&A) activity. Five-year sales forecasts are provided for the national markets including the major therapeutic categories of products involved. Specific product categories quantified include diagnostics, cancer, CNS, anti-infective agents, cardiovasculars and anti-inflammatories.

Also Read:https://telegra.ph/Global-Dancewear-Market-Statistics-Development-and-Growth-2025-02-02

Report Includes:

Also Read: http://wiseguyes8.total-blog.com/global-china-digital-audio-broadcasting-dab-market-outlook-industry-analysis-and-prospect-2020-2026-22894697

An overview of the global markets for nanotechnology used in medical applications

Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2016, estimates for 2017, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2022

A review of technologies involved, in-depth analysis of applications in practice, and evaluation of future or potential applications

Also Read: https://techsite.io/p/1944999

Information on many significant products in which the nano dimension has made a significant contribution to product effectiveness

A look at the regulatory environment, healthcare policies, demographics, and other factors that directly affect nanotechnology used in medicine

Analysis of the markets dynamics, specifically growth drivers, inhibitors, and opportunities

Coverage of strategies employed by companies specializing in nanomedicine to meet the challenges of this highly competitive marketSummary

Also Read:https://wiseguyreports12.blogspot.com/2021/02/global-china-digital-audio-broadcasting.html

Nano-enabled medical products began appearing on the market over a decade ago, and some have become best-sellers in their therapeutic categories. The principal areas in which nanomedical products have made an impact are cancer, CNS diseases, cardiovascular disease and infection control. The Summary Table gives estimates of the historical and current markets for these nanomedicine areas with a forecast through 2022.

The U.S. market is by far the largest in the global nanomedicine market and is set to continue to dominate the world marketplace; however, other national markets are expected to increase their shares over the next five years.

Reasons for Doing the Study

Also Read:https://penzu.com/p/240d32a5

Nanomedicine is already an established market. Unlike some other potential applications of nanotechnology, which are still largely experimental, nanomedicine has already produced some significant products in which the nano dimension has made a significant contribution to product effectiveness. Now that aspects of the nanomedicine market are established, it is appropriate to review the technology, see its practical applications so far, evaluate the participating companies and look to its future.ABLYNX NV

ABRAXIS BIOSCIENCE (CELGENE)

APHIOS CORP.

BIOFORCE NANOSCIENCES HOLDINGS INC.

BIO-GATEAG

CALANDO PHARMACEUTICALS INC.

C SIXTY INC. (ARROWHEAD PHARMACEUTICALS)

ELAN (ALKERMES CORP.)

FARFIELD SCIENTIFIC (BIOLIN SCIENTIFIC AB)

IGI LABORATORIES (TELIGENT INC.)

KEREOS INC.

KEYSTONE NANO INC.

KLEINDIEK NANOTECHNIKGMBH

LABOPHARM (PALADIN LABS)

LIPLASOME PHARMA APS

MAGFORCE NANOTECHNOLOGIES

MAGNAMEDICS GMBH

MICROFLUIDICS CORP.

MOLECULAR PROFILES (JUNIPER PHARMA SERVICES)

NANOBIO CORP.

NANOBIOTIX

NANOCARRIER CO. LTD

NANOCOPOEIA, INC.

NANOCYTE INC.

NANOLOGIX INC.

NANOMED PHARMACEUTICALSINC.

NANOMIX INC.

NANOPHARM AG

NANOSPECTRA BIOSCIENCESINC.

NANOSPHERE INC. (LUMINEX CORP.)

NANOSTRUCTURES INC.

NANOSYN INC.

NANOTHERAPEUTICS INC.

NANOTROPE INC.

NANOVIRICIDES INC

NUCRYST PHARMACEUTICALS

NUTRALEASE

ORTHOVITA INC. (STRYKER CORP.)

PIONEER SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY (RTI SURGICAL)

PSIVIDA LTD.

SOLUBEST LTD

STARPHARMA

TECANGROUP LTD.

TRANSGENEX NANOBIOTECH INC.

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Global NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS Statistics, CAGR, Outlook, and Covid-19 Impact 2016 The Bisouv Network - The Bisouv Network

TheNanotechnology in Medical market outlooklooks extremely promising is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Market study provides comprehensive data that enhances the understanding, scope and application of this report.

The report presents the market competitive landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the majorvendor/key playersin the market.Top Companiesin the Global Nanotechnology in Medical Market:Smith and Nephew, Novartis, Merck, Mitsui Chemicals, Amgen, Cytimmune, Access, Camurus, Roche, Dentsply International, 3M, Celgene, Pfizer.

SPECIAL OFFER (Avail an Up-to 25% discount on this report, please fill the form and mention the code: MIR25 in the comments section)

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This report segments the global Nanotechnology in Medical market on the basis ofTypesare:

Nano Medicine

Nano Diagnosis

Other

On the basis ofApplication, the Global Nanotechnology in Medical market is segmented into:

Hospitals

Clinics

Others

Investigator Observers Strong Growth in Specific Regions:

EuropeMarket (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy)

Center East and AfricaMarket (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa)

South AmericaMarket (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)

North AmericaMarket (United States, Canada, Mexico)

Asia PacificMarket (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia).

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Influence of the Nanotechnology in Medical market report:

-Comprehensive assessment of all opportunities and risk in the Nanotechnology in Medical market.

-Nanotechnology in Medical market recent innovations and major events

-Detailed study of business strategies for growth of the Nanotechnology in Medical market-leading players.

-Conclusive study about the growth plot of Nanotechnology in Medical market for forthcoming years.

-In-depth understanding of Nanotechnology in Medical market-particular drivers, constraints and major micro markets.

-Favorable impression inside vital technological and market latest trends striking the Nanotechnology in Medical market.

Important Features that are under Offering and Key Highlights of the Reports:

Detailed overview of Market

Changing market dynamics of the industry

In-depth market segmentation by Type, Application etc.

Historical, current and projected market size in terms of volume and value

Recent industry trends and developments

Competitive landscape of Market

Strategies of key players and product offerings

Potential and niche segments/regions exhibiting promising growth.

Finally, the Nanotechnology in Medical Market report is the believable source for gaining the market research that will exponentially accelerate your business. The report gives the principle locale, economic situations with the item value, benefit, limit, generation, supply, request, and market development rate and figure, and so on. Nanotechnology in Medical Industry report additionally Presents a new task SWOT examination, speculation attainability investigation, and venture return investigation.

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MarketInsightsReportsprovides syndicated market research on industry verticals including Healthcare, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Technology and Media, Chemicals, Materials, Energy, Heavy Industry, etc.MarketInsightsReportsprovides global and regional market intelligence coverage, a 360-degree market view which includes statistical forecasts, competitive landscape, detailed segmentation, key trends, and strategic recommendations.

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Nanotechnology in Medical Market Demand Analysis To 2026 Lead By-Smith and Nephew, Novartis, Merck, Mitsui Chemicals, Amgen, Cytimmune KSU | The...

AZoM speaks withDr. Iman Roohani from UNSW.Dr.Roohani is part of a team of researchersthat developed a technique referred to as Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Suspensions (COBICS). This techniquecould allow surgeons to print structures that can be submerged in water and hardened within just minutes, resembling natural bone.Even more revolutionary, the structures contain living cells that continue to grow after they are implanted.

We have developed a technique (COBICS) that enables printing constructs with the same chemistry to native bone mineral at room temperature with living cells. These structures are the most accurate mimics of the bone tissue. COBICS can print complex and biologically relevant architecture constructs without the need for sacricial support materials, on-spot and laborious post-processing steps.

COBICS has two main components. A chemically cross-linked microhydrogel bath with optimized yield-stress properties that support the printing of the ceramic ink, the second component, in the presence of live cells. The ink is a calcium phosphate paste with a specific formulation that allows the material to be used directly in the aqueous environment, without the need for any post-processing steps, such as high-temperature treatments, that are required for other types of existing ceramic materials.

Once ink comes in contact with the microgel, nanocrystalization kicks off at the interface between ink and hydrogel, which further locks the filament in place. Since this ink can harden quickly without imposing adverse effects on living cells, COBICS enables printing within a suspension of living cells to achieve complex bone shapes, where the cells integrate to form natural bone tissue.

Traditional bone grafts, particularly synthetic ones, are mostly fabricated from ceramic materials at high temperatures, which disallows integration with cells and growth factors. Moreover, due to high temperature processing, the microstructure of such grafts does not resemble the native bone.

COBICS paves the way to fabricate autologous graft like structures in the laboratory, which significantly reduces the risks and drawbacks involved in harvesting these grafts from the patient in the clinical setting by using only cells from the patient or other sources of regenerative cells. This also could enable patient-specific real-time bone reconstruction where the bioprinter could directly print new bone into the resected space.

You could even isolate the patient's stem cells before surgery for inclusion with the ink to improve the integration of the new bone into the surgery site or in dental reconstruction. In another example, drugs could be integrated with the ink for sustained release over time to increase natural bone formation, combat bacteria, or influence the immune system (e.g., enhance wound healing).

The ink has an essential role in printing the constructs by the COBICS technique. The optimization process of formulating the ink took around 2 years since we had to ensure that ink has several properties that were mutually exclusive. Those properties included biocompatibility, being printable, proper setting time, adequate strength and firmness after printing, and printing in contact with the microgel bath.

We have an ongoing animal study at the moment, that will hopefully confirm our hypothesis that there should be no harmful components in our material.Thus far, all of our tests with human cells in the laboratory have confirmed high biocompatibility. We plan to scale up our production of bone-like grafts and test the regenerative properties of the printed grafts in large animal models before proceeding with humantrials and regulatory approval.If everything goes well and we findexternal funding support,we are optimistic the technique may be ready for the clinic within 5 years.

Readers can check out the full article at https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202008216.

From 2010 to 2014, Dr. Roohani studied and received his Ph.D. degree at the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering at the University of Sydney (USYD) in Sydney, Australia. From 2016 to 2020, he worked in the field of biomaterials and tissue engineering as the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) early career fellow, first in the biomedical engineering department at the University of Sydney, and then at the School of Chemistry in the University of New South Wales (UNSW).

Dr. Roohani is interested in the use of biomaterials as the bone substitute, drug delivery and instructive source for cells. More specifically, his interests comprise synthesis and development of a range of bioceramics, including calcium phosphates, understanding of the interaction between living cells and synthetic substrates, and translation of the application of these materials and concepts to clinical applications.

Dr. Roohani is the inventor of several patented products, including the COBICs techniques. He is the author of more than 60 peer-reviewed publications (h index of 23), book chapters, and 3 patent applications.

ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Iman_Roohani

Twitter: @ImanRoohani

Email:[emailprotected]

Google Scholar:https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=NyzEeygAAAAJ&hl=en

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the interviewee and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited (T/A) AZoNetwork, the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and Conditions of use of this website.

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Using 3D Printing to Develop Bone-Like Structures that Contain Living Cells - AZoM

The report provides study at global and regional level to provide comprehensive value market analysis for the years (2017 & 2018 Historic Years, 2019 Base Year and 2020-2027 Forecast Period). The Tooth Regeneration Market research report is a wide-ranging study of current trends, market growth drivers, and restraints. Each market segment is broadly analyzed at a powdered level by region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South & Central America) to provide thorough information on the global and regional level.

Tooth regeneration is a regenerative surgical technique based on stem cells that is used in the fields of tissue engineering and stem cell biology. By developing it from autologous stem cells, the tooth regeneration procedure restores the weakened or missing tooth. With the aid of reabsorbable biopolymer, somatic cells are harvested and reprogrammed to stimulate pluripotent stem cells and dental lamina.

Some of the key players in this market include

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The Tooth Regeneration Market is segmented on the basis of services and application. Based on services , the market is segmented as Medical Writing and Publishing, Medical Monitoring, Medical Science Liaisons (MSLs), Medical Information, Others. Based on application, the market is segmented as pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, medical devices.

The segmentation in this research study has been finalized post in-depth secondary research and extensive primary research. In addition, the market is also segmented on the basis of technology offered by the leading participants in the industry in order to understand widely used market specific terminologies. Thus, we have incorporated the segments of the research and have finalized the market segmentation.

The Insight Partners Tooth Regeneration Market Research Report Scenario includes:

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The report also covers a detailed chapter of the analysis on COVID-19 impact on this market at global and regional level in our final reports.

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Tooth Regeneration Market to Exhibit Steadfast Expansion by 2027 | Unilever, Ocata Therapeutics, Integra LifeSciences, CryoLife, BioMimetic...

Generations of students have learned that the central nervous system has immune privilege. This means that to an extent the immune system tolerates the presence of foreign proteins, or antigens, and tissue in the brain and spinal cord.

The immune system cannot respond in the usual way to infections, injuries, or tumors in the brain and spinal cord, because the blood-brain barrier prevents immune cells from entering or leaving.

Despite this, scientists know that inflammation plays a pivotal role in many neurological and psychiatric conditions, including Alzheimers disease, MS, autism, and schizophrenia.

So the question remains, if there is no exchange of information, how does the immune system respond to and influence the brain in such a broad range of conditions?

A team of scientists led by Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, have discovered that immune cells are stationed in the dura mater, which is the tough outer membrane of the brain.

From this vantage point, they monitor the cerebrospinal fluid draining from the brain. If they detect the molecular calling cards of infection, cancer, or injury, they can mount an immune response.

The research appears in the journal Cell.

Every organ in the body is being surveilled by the immune system, says senior author Dr. Jonathan Kipnis, Alan A. and Edith L. Wolff Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Immunology.

He explains:

If there is a tumor, an injury, an infection anywhere in the body, the immune system has to know about it. But people say the exception is the brain; if you have a problem in the brain, the immune system just lets it happen. That never made sense to me. What we have found is that there is indeed immune surveillance of the brain it is just happening outside the brain.

In 2015, a study in mice revealed a network of vessels in the dura mater that drains cerebrospinal fluid from the brain into lymph nodes in the neck. Also in 2015, a study led by Dr. Kipnis recorded similar findings in both mice and humans.

Lymph nodes are part of an extensive network of fluid-filled vessels known as the lymphatic system. An accumulation of pathogens in lymph nodes can lead to the initiation of an immune response.

This suggested a more intimate connection between the brain and immune system than previously suspected. However, it remained unclear exactly where and how immune cells surveil the contents of the cerebrospinal fluid as it drains from the brain.

Dr. Kipnis and his colleagues knew that the lymph vessels that carry fluid from the brain run alongside blood-filled cavities, or sinuses, in the dura mater.

Crucially, the walls of these sinuses are more permeable than the blood vessels of the blood-brain barrier.

Following up this clue, the scientists showed in their experiments that small molecules from the brain and immune cells accumulate in the sinuses.

Some of the cells, known as antigen presenting cells, which include dendritic cells, pick up suspicious molecules and present them to other immune cells, called T cells, which patrol the body in the bloodstream.

When they bind to these suspect molecules, the T cells can initiate an immune response.

Dr. Justin Rustenhoven, a postdoctoral researcher and the first author of the new paper, says the brain must be shielded from the full force of the immune system.

Immune activity in the brain can be highly detrimental, he says. It can kill neurons and cause swelling. The brain cannot tolerate much swelling, because the cranium is a fixed volume. So immune surveillance is pushed to the borders, where the cells can still monitor the brain but do not risk damaging it.

Dr. Kipnis uses a metaphor to explain how immune cells in the dural sinuses monitor the contents of cerebrospinal fluid for unfamiliar proteins or antigens:

Imagine if your neighbors went through your trash every day. If they start finding blood-stained towels in your trash, they know something is wrong. It is the same thing with the immune system. If patrolling immune cells see tumor antigens or signs of infection from the brain, the cells know there is a problem. They will take that evidence to immune headquarters, which is the lymph nodes, and initiate an immune response.

The findings offer promising opportunities for treating brain disorders that involve autoimmune attacks on tissue.

In MS, for example, the immune system degrades the myelin sheath, which is the fatty insulating material that protects nerve cells.

Future treatments could target immune cells in the sinuses of the dura mater to prevent them from initiating certain immune responses in the brain.

Now that we know where it is happening, that opens up lots of new possibilities for modulating the immune system, says Dr. Kipnis.

Excerpt from:
How the immune system watches over the brain - Medical News Today

Immunai, a startup developing an AI platform to analyze the human immune system, today announced that it raised $60 million. The company says it will use the funds to broaden its functional genomics capabilities and help its partners prioritize, discover, and develop new therapies and drug combinations.

Emerging treatments like gene cell therapies and cancer immunotherapies promise to revolutionize the field of medicine. But the immune systems complexity trillions of cells partitioned into hundreds of types and states that interplay with various systems and proteins threatens to stymie research. In 1999, a patient in a trial died after an immune system attack likely resulting from preexisting antibodies against a virus used as part of gene therapy a death that experts believe led to years lost in gene therapy development. Immunai aims to prevent such mistakes with immune profile-generatingAI.

Immunai was founded in 2018 by Noam Solomon, an ex-Harvard and -MIT postdoctoral researcher, and Luis Voloch, an MIT graduate and former machine learning engineer at Palantir. The two teamed up with members of the Parker Institute, which works with researchers to accelerate the development of immune therapies, to pursue a platform that sheds light on cell populations post- and pre-treatments.

When I met my cofounder Luis, I was a math postdoc at MIT and Luis was working to apply machine learning to biology. Together, we wanted to bring transfer learning AI methods to what we believe would solve the biggest problem in society today disease, Solomon told VentureBeat via email. All disease can be traced back to the immune system. But what Luis and I realized is that pharmaceutical companies dont have access to any comprehensive, granular insight into how the immune system works, how it responds to the drugs or therapies theyre developing, and what patients are most likely to benefit.

Immunais tech records over a terabyte of data from a blood sample, profiling cells at what the company characterizes as unprecedented depth. Samples are compared with a database using AI that maps data to hundreds of cell types and states, creating immune profiles.

Its an approach similar to that of scientists affiliated with the Human Vaccines Project, who are working to identify biomarkers i.e., indicators of particular disease states that predict immune responses to vaccines and cell therapies. Microsoft and startup Adaptive Biotechnologies are also collaborating to develop algorithms that create a translation map for cell receptors to antigens, or pathogen molecules that trigger an immune response, and map those antigens back to diseases.

Clinical studies have traditionally focused on testing thousands or even tens of thousands of subjects and collecting a limited amount of data on each. But massive corpora and AI enable millions of data points to be collected about a single individual.

The immune system is implicated in nearly every illness, making our technology critical for identifying, diagnosing, and treating disease, from cancer to autoimmune disorders, Solomon said in a statement. Our expansion into functional genomics will help our partners tackle their most pressing questions in therapy development, and will ultimately improve the lives of many patients.

Immunais immune profiles could support the discovery of biomarkers by spotting changes in cell type and expression. For example, the Immunai team characterized a CAR-Natural Killer T (NKT) infusion cell therapy product developed at the Baylor College of Medicine for use in neuroblastoma patients. Baylor researchers and Immunai identified a gene potentially involved in CAR-NKT-mediated killing of tumor cells and are working to validate it. Elsewhere, Immunai says its engaging with commercial partners to develop cell therapy candidates in solid tumors.

Voloch says that Immunai is working with 5 of the worlds largest pharma companies in addition to institutions including Stanford, Harvard, Memorial Sloan Kettering, and the University of Pennsylvania. Weve developed a novel platform to reprogram immunity by mining AMICA, our proprietary harmonized single-cell immunology database, with cutting-edge transfer and multi-task learning algorithms, he added. Our vertically integrated functional genomics and AI capabilities allow us to prioritize and validate targets more accurately.

Seventy-employee Immunai is headquartered in New York City, with offices in San Francisco and Tel Aviv. The series A round announced today was led by the Schusterman Foundation, the Duquesne Family, Catalio Capital Management, and Dexcel Pharma. Existing investors Viola Ventures and TLV Partners also participated, bringing Immunais total raised to date to $80 million.

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Immunai raises $60 million to analyze the immune system with AI - VentureBeat

Health professionals have raised concerns over a current habit people picked up of over-consuming certain food flavours with the aim of strengthening their immune system, so as to fight the Covid-19 infection. Commonly consumed ones, they say, are ginger, garlic, and lemon.

For instance, youll notice more people taking water with lemon and ginger; either at home or in the office. This, they believe, is one way of fighting the virus as it aids in strengthening immunity.

Private Kamanzi, a nutritionist, says he has observed that many people do this, which is not advisable. Although the above mentioned flavours help in boosting the immune system, when taken in excess and if not well-balanced with other foods, however, could result in health issues.

Unintentionally, one may find themselves overdoing it, or consuming in excess, which is not advisable as it may come with health complications, he warns.

Kamanzi says studies have identified that there is no definite medication for coronavirus, although it has been ascertained that when the immune system is strong, it can fight the virus. And, of course, nutrition plays a big role in boosting immunity.

In this case, he says focusing on just specific foods is not helpful at all; the thing is to ensure you have a balanced diet all through.

For instance, the nutritionist points out that in small doses, ginger has very few side effects while high doseslike more than five grams a dayincreases the chances of side effects.

When it comes to consuming it in excess, ginger can lead to heartburn, diarrhoea, burping, general stomach discomfort, and mouth irritation. Also, some women have reported more menstrual bleeding while taking ginger, he adds.

Studies suggest that over-consumption of garlic has the potential to induce liver damage.

According to a report published by the National Cancer Institute of Unites States (U.S), consuming fresh garlic on an empty stomach could lead to heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.

As per a report published by Harvard Medical School, garlic contains certain compounds that can cause GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).

Drinking lemon water on a regular basis can cause enamel erosion or tooth decay because of the acid in the citrus fruit.

Also, too much lemon water can lead to heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux.

What to consider

Rene Tabaro, a nutritionist at King Faisal Hospital, says diverse research suggests that one way of improving your immunity is through nutrition.

Kamanzi says some of the best foods are proteins as they help improve the cells of the immune system.

Protein is essential to build and repair body tissue and fight viral and bacterial infections. Immune system powerhouses such as antibodies and immune system cells rely on protein, he says.

Too little protein in ones diet may lead to weakness, fatigue, apathy, and poor immunity.

He further notes that a weak immune system also needs carbohydrates for a boost in energy.

However, Kamanzi says, these should be good carbohydrates, for example whole grain breads, beans and cereals and products made from whole wheat flour, and avoid junk or sugary carbohydrates as they weaken the immune system instead of boosting it.

When we are recommending energy foods, we normally emphasise on carbohydrates with less simple sugars, he says.

Tabaro says consuming foods that are rich in vitamins and mineral salts is also ideal. These can be found in fruits and vegetables and facilitate the body to break down the carbohydrates and proteins and absorb them swiftly. This will strengthen the immune system automatically.

Tabaro says the food you eat plays a key role in determining your overall health and immunity. Eat low carb diets, as this will help control high blood sugar and pressure.

Also, focus on a protein-rich diet to keep you in good shape, and regularly consume vegetables and fruits rich in beta carotene (a red-orange pigment found in plants and fruits, especially carrots and colourful vegetables), ascorbic acid (a natural water-soluble vitamin), and other essential vitamins.

editor@newtimesrwanda.com

Original post:
Dos and don'ts of giving immune system a boost - The New Times

An important cell in mice and humans' immune systems has been shown to have gut-healing properties in mice with a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

In a new study, researchers have used the cell to 'trick' the immune system into helping repair damage in the guts of mice, instead of attacking them. They hope to one day target similar intestinal cells in patients with Crohn's or ulcerative colitis.

Both of these diseases are caused by the immune system attacking the lining of the gut, and most current medication aims to limit the immune response.

While those medications can help, this blanket approach lumps the good immune players in with the bad, and sometimes, the same player can be a bit of both.

Macrophages, for instance, are known as the 'gatekeepers' of intestinal immunity. This type of white blood cell consumes foreign bodies and plays important roles in inflammation and tissue repair.

Its presence could therefore be essential to stimulating recovery. When researchers looked at macrophages in the intestines of a handful of people with IBD, there was one particular molecule that stood out.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a messenger molecule in the immune system. It's also linked to tissue regeneration, triggering macrophages that in turn communicate with stem cells in the lining of the gut.

Compared to a database of information on healthy individuals, researchers found the colons of those with IBD showed fewer intestinal macrophages with receptors for prostaglandin (PGE).

These receptors are what receive messages about gut injury, but the signal can't get through to intestinal stem cells if the macrophages can't 'hear' the warning and kickstart the healing process.

"If the patients had acute disease, they had a lower amount of these beneficial cells, and if they went into remission, then amounts of macrophages went up,"explains immunologist Gianluca Matteoli at KU Leuven in Flanders, Belgium.

"This suggests that they are part of the reparative process."

If the authors are correct, the findings may represent a new avenue for novel drugs to treat IBD, and while there's still a long way to go before that becomes a reality, initial tests on mice show promising results.

Similar to what was seen in humans, the authors found that animal models with ulcerative colitis did not possess as many macrophages sensitive to prostaglandin compared to healthy controls.

However, if extra prostaglandin was introduced to the gut, the few macrophages sensitive to PGE2 began to stimulate tissue regeneration. When these receptors were knocked out completely, tissue repair once again dropped.

Together, the findings support the emerging perspective that macrophages are major drivers in tissue regeneration following inflammation in the gut. By attaching to receptors on these intestinal white blood cells, PGE2 appears to stop inflammation and promote protective effects.

Unfortunately, scientists don't yet know the exact source of intestinal PGE2, but the fact that macrophages like to eat foreign material makes targeting them with synthetic, prostaglandin-like drugs that much easier.

When the authors enticed intestinal macrophages in the mouse gut to eat up a juicy bubble of stimulating 'medicine', it triggered the secretion of a repair agent, which further stimulated cell proliferation and budding organoids.

This technique of 'feeding' macrophages is often used as an experimental tool, but this is one of the first times it's been used to therapeutic effect.

"We want to identify other factors that trip the switch that turns macrophages from inflammatory cells to non-inflammatory cells," says Matteoli.

"Then... these could be used to target the macrophages and so produce very precise drugs."

The study was published in Gut.

Read more:
Scientists Trick The Immune System Into Healing The Gut of Mice With Inflamed Bowels - ScienceAlert

Read: Immunology is where intuition goes to die

In epic tales of the immune system, B cells and their antibodies tend to hog the limelight. Antibodies, which are proteins that drift through the blood, are easy to capture and measure; theyre sometimes powerful enough to waylay a virus before it has the chance to break into a cell. But no antibodies would be produced without the help of T cells, which coax B cells into maturing and play vital roles in their training regimenloyal wingmen at the ready. T cells are also formidable foes in their own right, capable of recognizing virus-infected cells and forcing them to self-destruct.

T cells dont undergo the same supercharged mutation process that their B-cell colleagues do. They are stuck with the pathogen sensors theyre born with. But the starting repertoire of T cells, and the number of bugs they can recognize, is similarly massive. And like their B-cell counterparts, T cells are capable of remembering past pathogenic encountersand their discerning gaze is especially difficult to elude.

When viruses undergo a substantial costume change, it can disrupt this iterative process. Its a big part of why flu vaccines have to be updated every year, Ellebedy said: We are always trying to catch up with the virus.

But coronaviruses mutate far more slowly than flu viruses do. And this new one has yet to undergo a makeover that fully neuters the vaccines weve developed against it. I think theres probably a very small probability that there will be complete escape, David Masopust, an immunologist at the University of Minnesota, told me.

B cells and T cells develop so many unique ways of recognizing a given virus that any one mutation, or even a handful, wont fully thwart them. A change to the equivalent of a viruss elbow, for example, will have little impact on a T cells ability to recognize its earlobe. Memory cells will rapidly seize upon commonalities between the two versions of the virus; in some people, this alone could be enough to nip an infection in the bud.

Certain memory cellsespecially T cellsmight have enough flexibility to recognize a modified version of their viral target. Experts call this cross-reactivity, and its a crucial part of the T cell way of life, Laura Su, an immunologist at the University of Pennsylvania, told me. Some scientists have hypothesized that T cells previously marshaled against other coronaviruses, such as those that cause common colds, might even play a small role in quelling this new one.

Even in the complete absence of memory and cross-reactivity, the body still has a huge reserve of backup cellsthe multitude of B and T cells that were not triggered by the first go-round with the virus, Su said. The war against variants is not a fight just for veterans: Chances are, rookies are waiting in the lymph nodes to be called to the front lines. Depending on the extent of the viruss metamorphosis, another infection, perhaps another illness, may be possible. But the body is not left wholly defenseless.

See the rest here:
The Body Is Far From Helpless Against Coronavirus Variants - The Atlantic

We understand much of how the immune system works but, as recent efforts to combat COVID-19 have shown, its sheer complexity means many mysteries still remain. For example, how our immune system learns to remember past infections has proved very difficult to study in humans. But our new study has brought us one step closer to understanding how our body remembers past infections so we can fight them in the future. We uncovered the important role antibodies play in creating long-lived immunity and that different types of immune cells, called B cells, can influence the type of immune memory generated.

Our research focused on so-called germinal centres which form during infections in our lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils. These play an important role in our immune system, as theyre where immune cells assemble and interact during immune responses. Theyre also where our immune memory is created, so the immune system can remember how to defend against certain pathogens in the future.

Germinal centres are made up of different immune cells, and one type, called B cells, are particularly important for generating immune memory. These B cells make antibodies (a protein) in response to infections or vaccinations, which bind to pathogens (like bacteria and viruses) and either destroy them or trigger other immune cells into action.

Early on in an infection, some of our bodys B cells respond by releasing a burst of antibodies that provide an early line of defence against the pathogen. But most of these B cells released in this initial first wave are short-lived and die once the infection is over, resulting in the loss of their antibodies. However, some B cells enter germinal centres where they can evolve stronger antibodies and become long-lived cells that protect us from future infection.

Although the germinal centre is incredibly important to immune memory, its complexity has made it very difficult for scientists to completely understand how B cells behave while inside them. So we set out to create a roadmap of the germinal centre response using human tonsils to understand which types of B cells are present, and how their behaviour contributes to creating long-lived immunity. Knowing these factors could be important for developing effective vaccines.

We used a cutting-edge technology called single cell genomics, which measures the genes expressed by tens of thousands of individual cells and the genetic sequence that produces their antibody. The genes expressed by each individual B cell tells us about the cells behaviour and function, while the antibody gene sequence reveals how the antibodies change in the germinal centre. This approach allowed us to identify very rare types of B cells that would be missed with other technologies.

We then used this information to reconstruct the entire germinal centre response, which showed us exactly how different B cells evolve from the moment they detect a pathogen through to immune memory formation.

One of our key discoveries was that the type of antibody a B cell makes affects how it behaves and how likely it is to create long-lived immunity. B cells can express one of five antibody classes, and each class triggers different immune responses. For example, the antibody class IgG triggers strong antiviral immune responses, while the IgA class protects our gut and airway.

All B cells start off making the antibody class IgM, which offers broad immune protection, but is less effective compared to other classes. But B cells can switch to another class when they are activated during an immune response. It was previously thought that this process of class switching occurs in the germinal centre. But recent studies in mice have found B cells switch their antibody class before the germinal centre response. We were able to confirm this happens in humans as well. We also identified which genes are expressed by B cells at this important stage.

We also found that B cells that had switched from making IgM to IgA or IgG antibodies express different levels of certain genes, including genes that control whether a B cell becomes long-lived. So, whether a B cell switches its antibody class before entering a germinal centre influences whether it develops long-lived immunity to that particular pathogen. However, we still dont completely understand why a B cell switches or not.

Whether a B cell is part of the short-lived first wave or helps form the germinal centre also depends on many factors, including how quickly a pathogen is cleared, a persons age, and the type of infection. Because B cells need germinal centres to develop immune memory, the more we can discover about these different factors, the better our understanding of our susceptibility to different diseases.

Understanding precisely how germinal centres work is key to designing effective vaccines that generate lifelong immunity. In the future, combining different technologies such as those we used in our study with other methods would allow us to directly compare immune responses to vaccines against many infectious agents, like the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and understand immune memory, more generally.

Continue reading here:
Mystery of how human immune cells develop lifelong immunity uncovered new research - The Conversation UK

(UroToday.com)In this session, Dr. Karen Autio discussed the indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer, what is known about the tumor immune milieu in prostate cancer, and discussed ongoing work to further harness the immune system in the fight against this disease.

There are currently two FDA approved indications for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in prostate cancer, and these are based on studies that looked at these agents across all solid tumors. The first indication is mismatch repair deficiency, which occurs in 2-3% of advanced prostate cancers. The efficacy of ICB in this context is speculated to be the large number of neoantigens generated by errors in DNA microsatellites that result from loss of function of mismatch repair proteins. The second indication is a tumor mutational burden of greater than 10 mutations per megabase. This high mutational burden is also thought to generate more neoantigens for targeting by the immune system, though is not present in the majority of prostate cancers. Indeed, the average tumor mutational burden in prostate cancer is less than 3 mutations per megabase. Importantly, in the basket trials that led to the approval of ICB in prostate cancer, prostate cancer patients were very under-represented. Nonetheless, testing for microsatellite instability (MSI/MMR deficiency) and high tumor mutational burden is still recommended in advanced prostate cancer. This can be accomplished by tissue-based genomic analysis, immunohistochemistry, or circulating free DNA.

Dr. Autio then went on to discuss the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment in prostate cancer. She first discussed the vicious cycle of bone, whereby growth factors and chemokines facilitate the establishment of a tumor metastatic niche. Once established, tumor cells activate osteoblasts with IL-6 and PTHrP, which secrete RANKL and stimulate osteoclasts to secrete TGFbeta and insulin growth factors. Together these promote tumor growth in bone, but also impact the immune milieu around the tumor. TGFbeta signaling in particular within the bone microenvironment may be immunosuppressive, limiting the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade especially in patients with metastatic bone lesions. There may therefore be a benefit from dual ICB and TGFbeta inhibition.

Second, she discussed the many other immunosuppressive cells present in the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment. These include myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages which can vary by metastatic site, and regulatory T-cells - which are especially enriched in PTEN-deficient tumors.

Third, it is established that androgen deprivation therapy remodels the tumor microenvironment. In mouse models, ADT induces an immune infiltrate that includes CD8 T cells and also macrophages and regulatory T cells. PTEN null mouse models are especially associated with increased tumor infiltration with Tregs. Further studies in human samples are needed to understand how the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment evolves over time.

Multiple strategies that may help overcome prostate cancers inherent resistance to immune therapies were then discussed. These can include targeting a resistance pathway such as by inhibiting TGFbeta signaling, or by depleting immunosuppressive cells like MDSCs. Efforts could also attempt to stimulate an underactive process by driving cytotoxic T cells into the tumor and increasing the maturation of antigen-presenting cells. And finally, it is possible to create supra-physiologic environments that bypass standard mechanisms required for immune activation using tools like bispecific T cell engagers (BITEs), bi or tri-specific killer engagers (BIKES/TRIKES), and chimeric antigen receptor adoptive T cell therapy (CAR-Ts). There are several advantages to these approaches directed at prostate cancer-specific proteins like PSMA that are listed in the slide below. Many BiTEs are under development, including the AMG160 CD3-PSMA BITE, with data that was recently reported at ESMO 2020 demonstrating that 34% of patients treated had greater than 50% reductions in their PSA. The principal toxicity of these agents is cytokine release syndrome, which is an on-target side effect due to activation of the immune system.

In summary, Dr. Autio reminded the audience that (1) MMR deficiency and TMB are the only FDA approved indications for ICB in prostate cancer, (2) the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment varies by site, and the bone niche is especially enriched for growth pathways and immunosuppressive cells that could potentially be targeted, (3) ADT models the immune microenvironment in prostate cancer, and (4) PSMA is a tumor-associated antigen that can be targeted by novel immunotherapeutic models to create tight synapses between tumor cells and immune cells.

Presented by: Karen A. Autio, MD, MSc, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Written by: Alok Tewari, MD, Ph.D., Medical Oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, during the 2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (#GU21), February 11th-February 13th, 2020

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ASCO GU 2021: Beyond the Basics: Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Prostate Cancer - UroToday