StemCell Therapy

Unlock the Secrets of Genetic Engineering

Course Introduction:Discover the transformative power of Genetic Engineering and Its Applications, a field that stands at the forefront of biotechnological advancements. Dive into the world of DNA manipulation, where we redefine life by intentionally modifying the genetic makeup of organisms. This course is your gateway to understanding the intricacies of genetic engineering, its applications, and the myriad career opportunities it opens up!

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Why Study Genetic Engineering?

Who Can Enroll?This course is tailored for students pursuing Life Science, Biotechnology, Bioscience, or related fields at levels such as BSc, BTech, MSc, and MTech. Its the perfect opportunity to enhance your knowledge and skill set!

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Take the Next Step:Embark on a journey to master Genetic Engineering and Its Applications. This course is your bridge to a future filled with scientific innovation, where you can contribute to groundbreaking research and life-changing medical advancements. Enroll now and join the ranks of professionals who are shaping the world through genetic engineering!

Transform Your Future:With cutting-edge content, practical assignments, and projects from real-world scenarios, this course is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to excel in the technical world post-engineering. Elevate your expertise and open doors to numerous career opportunities in the field of Genetic Engineering!

Join us now and be part of the scientific revolution that is changing the course of human history! #GeneticEngineering #BiotechCareer #InnovationInScience #LifelongLearning

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Genetic Engineering and Its Applications StudyBullet.com

Biotechnology is a field of life science that uses living organisms and biological systems to create modified or new organisms or useful products. A major component of biotechnology is _genetic engineering_.

The popular concept of biotechnology is one of experiments happening in laboratories and cutting-edge industrial advances, but biotechnology is much more integrated into most people's everyday lives than it seems.

The vaccines you get, the soy sauce, cheese and bread you buy at the grocery store, the plastics in your daily environment, your wrinkle-resistant cotton clothing, the cleanup after news of oil spills and more are all examples of biotechnology. They all "employ" living microbes to create a product.

Even a Lyme disease blood test, a breast cancer chemotherapy treatment or an insulin injection might be the result of biotechnology.

Biotechnology relies on the field of genetic engineering, which modifies DNA to alter the function or other traits of living organisms.

Early examples of this are selective breeding of plants and animals thousands of years ago. Today, scientists edit or transfer DNA from one species to another. Biotechnology harnesses these processes for a wide variety of industries, including medicine, food and agriculture, manufacturing and biofuels.

Biotechnology would not be possible without genetic engineering. In modern terms, this process manipulates cells' genetic information using laboratory techniques in order to change the traits of living organisms.

Scientists may use genetic engineering in order to change the way an organism looks, behaves, functions, or interacts with specific materials or stimuli in its environment. Genetic engineering is possible in all living cells; this includes micro-organisms such as bacteria and individual cells of multicellular organisms, such as plants and animals. Even the human genome can be edited using these techniques.

Sometimes, scientists alter genetic information in a cell by directly altering its genes. In other cases, pieces of DNA from one organism are implanted into the cells of another organism. The new hybrid cells are called transgenic.

Genetic engineering may seem like an ultra-modern technological advance, but it has been in use for decades, in numerous fields. In fact, modern genetic engineering has its roots in ancient human practices that were first defined by Charles Darwin as _artificial selection_.

Artificial selection, which is also called selective breeding, is a method for deliberately choosing mating pairs for plants, animals or other organisms based on desired traits. The reason to do this is to create offspring with those traits, and to repeat the process with future generations to gradually strengthen the traits in the population.

Although artificial selection does not require microscopy or other advanced lab equipment, it is an effective form of genetic engineering. Although it began as an ancient technique, humans still use it today.

Common examples include:

Breeding livestock. Creating flower varieties. Breeding animals, such as rodents or primates, with specific desired traits like susceptibility for diseases for research studies.

The first known example of humans engaging in the artificial selection of an organism is the rise of Canis lupus familiaris, or as it is more commonly known, the dog. About 32,000 years ago, humans in a an area of East Asia that is now China, lived in hunter-gatherer groups. Wild wolves followed the human groups and scavenged on carcasses that hunters left behind.

Scientists think it is most likely that humans only allowed the docile wolves that were not a threat to live. In this way, the branching off of dogs from wolves began by self-selection, as the individuals with the trait that allowed them to tolerate the presence of humans became the domesticated companions to the hunter-gatherers.

Eventually, humans began to intentionally domesticate and then breed generations of dogs for desired traits, especially docility. Dogs became loyal and protective companions to humans. Over thousands of years, humans selectively bred them for specific traits such as coat length and color, eye size and snout length, body size, disposition and more.

The wild wolves of East Asia of 32,000 years ago that split off 32,000 years ago into dogs comprise almost 350 different dog breeds. Those early dogs are most closely genetically related to the modern dogs called Chinese native dogs.

Artificial selection manifested in other ways in ancient human cultures, as well. As humans moved toward agricultural societies, they utilized artificial selection with an increasing number of plant and animal species.

They domesticated animals by breeding them generation after generation, only mating the offspring that exhibited desired traits. These traits depended on the purpose of the animal. For example, modern domesticated horses are commonly used in many cultures as transportation and as pack animals, part of a group of animals commonly called beasts of burden.

Therefore, traits that horse breeders might have looked for are docility and strength, as well as robustness in cold or heat, and an ability to breed in captivity.

Ancient societies utilized genetic engineering in ways other than artificial selection, too. 6,000 years ago, Egyptians used yeast to leaven bread and fermented yeast to make wine and beer.

Modern genetic engineering happens in a laboratory instead of by selective breeding, since genes are copied and moved from one piece of DNA to another, or from one organism's cell to another organism's DNA. This relies on a ring of DNA called a plasmid.

**Plasmids** are present in bacterial and yeast cells, and are separate from chromosomes. Although both contain DNA, plasmids are typically not necessary for the cell to survive. While bacterial chromosomes contain thousands of genes, plasmids contain only as many genes as you would count on one hand. This makes them much simpler to manipulate and analyze.

The discovery in the 1960s of restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, led to a breakthrough in gene editing. These enzymes cut DNA at specific locations in the chain of base pairs.

Base pairs are the bonded nucleotides that form the DNA strand. Depending on the species of bacteria, the restriction enzyme will be specialized to recognize and cut different sequences of base pairs.

_Related content: The Definition of Molecular Biology_

Scientists discovered that they were able to use the restriction enzymes to cut out pieces of the plasmid rings. They were then able to introduce DNA from a different source.

Another enzyme called DNA ligase attaches the foreign DNA to the original plasmid in the empty gap left by the missing DNA sequence. The end result of this process is a plasmid with a foreign gene segment, which is called a vector.

If the DNA source was a different species, the new plasmid is called recombinant DNA, or a chimera. Once the plasmid is reintroduced into the bacterial cell, the new genes are expressed as if the bacterium had always possessed that genetic makeup. As the bacterium replicates and multiplies, the gene will also be copied.

If the goal is to introduce the new DNA into the cell of an organism that is not bacteria, different techniques are required. One of these is a gene gun, which blasts very tiny particles of heavy-metal elements coated with the recombinant DNA at plant or animal tissue.

Two other techniques require harnessing the power of infectious disease processes. A bacterial strain called Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plants, causing tumors to grow in the plant. Scientists remove the disease-causing genes from the plasmid responsible for the tumors, called the Ti, or tumor-inducing plasmid. They replace these genes with whatever genes they want to transfer into the plant so that the plant will become "infected" with the desirable DNA.

_Related content: Cell Biology: An Overview of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells_

Viruses often invade other cells, from bacteria to human cells, and insert their own DNA. A viral vector is used by scientists to transfer DNA into a plant or animal cell. The disease-causing genes are removed and replaced with the desired genes, which may include marker genes to signal that the transfer occurred.

The first instance of modern genetic modification was in 1973, when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen transferred a gene from one strain of bacteria into another. The gene coded for antibiotic resistance.

The following year, scientists created the first instance of a genetically modified animal, when Rudolf Jaenisch and Beatrice Mintz successfully inserted foreign DNA into mouse embryos.

Scientists began applying genetic engineering to a wide field of organisms, for a burgeoning number of new technologies. For example, they developed plants with herbicide resistance so that farmers could spray for weeds without damaging their crops.

They also modified foods, especially vegetables and fruits, so that they would grow much larger and last longer than their unmodified cousins.

Genetic engineering is the foundation of biotechnology, since the biotechnology industry is, in a general sense, a vast field that involves making use of other living species for humans' needs.

Your ancestors from thousands of years ago who were selectively breeding dogs or certain crops were making use of biotechnology. So too are modern-day farmers and dog breeders, and so is any bakery or winery.

_Related content: How to Contact Your Representative About Climate Change_

Industrial biotechnology is used for fuel sources; this is where the term "biofuels" originates. Micro-organisms consume fats and turn them into ethanol, which is a consumable fuel source.

Enzymes are used to produce chemicals with less waste and cost than traditional methods, or to clean up manufacturing processes by breaking down chemical byproducts.

From stem cell treatments to improved blood tests to a variety of pharmaceuticals, the face of healthcare has been changed by biotechnology. Medical biotechnology companies use microbes to create new medications, such as monoclonal antibodies (these drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including cancer), antibiotics, vaccines and hormones.

A significant medical advance was the development of a process to create synthetic insulin with the help of genetic engineering and microbes. DNA for human insulin is inserted into bacteria, which replicate and grow and produce the insulin, until the insulin can be collected and purified.

In 1991, Ingo Potrykus used agricultural biotechnology research to develop a kind of rice that is fortified with beta carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A, and is ideal to be grown in Asian countries, where childhood blindness from vitamin A deficiency is a particular problem.

The miscommunication between the science community and the public have led to great controversy over genetically modified organisms, or GMOs. There was such fear and outcry over a genetically modified food product such as Golden Rice, as it is called, that despite having the plants ready for distribution to Asian farmers in 1999, that distribution has not yet occurred.

E., Rebecca. "Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering: An Overview" sciencing.com, https://www.sciencing.com/biotechnology-genetic-engineering-an-overview-13718445/. 28 May 2019.

E., Rebecca. (2019, May 28). Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering: An Overview. sciencing.com. Retrieved from https://www.sciencing.com/biotechnology-genetic-engineering-an-overview-13718445/

E., Rebecca. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering: An Overview last modified August 30, 2022. https://www.sciencing.com/biotechnology-genetic-engineering-an-overview-13718445/

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Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering: An Overview - Sciencing

Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation on chromosome 15, which hinders the production of a protein crucial for brain function. As a result, people living with Angelman syndrome experience severe developmental and intellectual disabilities.

For more than a decade, February 15 has been designated as International Angelman Syndrome Day, a significant date as February is Rare Disease Month, and the day symbolizes chromosome 15. Angelman syndrome affects approximately one in 15,000 individuals in the United Statesor about 500,000 globallyand like most rare diseases, there is currently no cure. Among the 10,000 known rare diseases, there are fewer than 900 FDA-approved treatments.

But researchers are hopeful that cures for Angelman syndrome and other rare diseases, such as the neurodevelopmental disorder known as H1-4 syndrome, are within reach. Yong-Hui Jiang, MD, PhD, professor and chief of medical genetics, and Jiangbing Zhou, PhD, Nixdorff-German Professor of Neurosurgery, are among researchers at Yale School of Medicine dedicated to the development of new gene-editing treatments that aim to correct genetic alterations underlying rare neurogenetic disorders. Jiang is also the director of the Yale National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) Center of Excellence.

We spoke to Jiang and Zhou about exciting new rare disease research and therapies on the horizon.

Jiang: As a clinical geneticist, working with rare diseases is part of my job. As a researcher, it was my choice to focus on rare diseases. The patients I see while working in the clinic motivate me to understand their conditions from the scientific perspective and figure out how to help them.

For most genetic diseases, there are almost no treatments that specifically target the genetic defects. With the application of new genome technology in clinics, we are successfully identifying the genetic cause of these diseases and diagnosing them, but we are often not able to actually offer the next step of treatment or intervention. A better understanding of how to develop treatments that target the genetic defect is our ultimate goal.

Zhou: Im a biomedical engineer who mainly works on developing non-viral, gene-based therapies. Ive been working in this area for over 16 years. I think gene therapy could be widely used for a lot of major diseases in the future. But at this stage, I feel that gene therapy is particularly suitable for rare diseases such as Angelman syndrome, because they often have a very defined genetic cause.

This is one of the reasons I have focused on rare diseases over the past few years. Ive been collaborating with Dr. Jiang, who sees patients with genetic disorders every day. Its a benefit for scientists like me to work with physicians or physician-scientists such as Dr. Jiang because they see the great clinical need for new treatments.

Jiang: There are a few aspects. One is that we want people to know that although rare diseases are rare individually, we estimate that there are about 10,000 rare diseases in total. So altogether, they actually are not rare. Almost one in 10 Americans is affected by a rare disease.

Second, although we know of 10,000 rare diseases, we only understand the cause of about half of them. For the other 5,000, we dont even have names. As geneticists, we do a lot of rare disease research because almost 80% of rare diseases are genetic. But not every rare disease is geneticthat is also a common misperception.

The third is that there is a great unmet clinical need for families contending with a rare disease. But rare disease researchers have very limited resources. Almost 10,000 diseases are in need of research to better understand how to treat them, but not every disease gets resources from the government or any other sort of funding source. This can be very frustrating for a lot of families who have spent years trying to find a diagnosis, but in the end find very little information or help because there is so little knowledge.

Jiang: Yale has been one of the leading institutions for rare disease research for almost half a century. Our history started with Leon Rosenberg, MD, who was the founding chair of the department of human genetics back in 1972, and he led the first clinical genetics division at Yale New Haven Hospital. During his tenure at Yale, he was a pioneer in the rare disease field, particularly for what we call metabolic diseases, such as methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria.

Following Leon Rosenberg, Richard Lifton, MD, PhD, another former chair of the department of genetics, and many other faculty and clinicians at Yale also dedicated their research to rare diseases. Yale investigators have discovered genetic bases for several hundred rare genetic diseases. Those efforts helped lead to the creation of the Centers for Mendelian Genomics, supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as the creation of the Yale Center for Genome Analysis.

Jiang: Weve accomplished quite a bit, mostly in patient care. For example, we organize a rare disease event every year to promote public awareness of these diseasesespecially rare genetic diseasesand educate attendees on how to recognize them. The event brings together leading experts and patient advocates who lead lectures and roundtables on new insights and ways to support the rare disease community. We were also awarded NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) Phase III funding to join UDN as a new Diagnostic Center of Excellence.

Jiang: The majority of rare diseases are genetic. Over the last 20 yearsdue to a new generation of genome technology in clinics, such as an exome sequencing method that was pioneered at Yalewe have diagnosed genetic rare diseases much more rapidly. However, the challenge is the treatment or intervention; almost 95% of rare genetic diseases have no available treatment options.

For all genetic diseases, the best treatment would be to correct the genetic mistake, which could potentially slow down or stop the disease progression and offer a cure. CRISPR-mediated genome editing technology [which is designed to modify an individuals DNA] offers promise and hope. Two-thirds of all rare genetic diseases affect the brain, which is the most challenging organ for gene therapy.

Thats where we step in. We hope that the STEP platform can eventually apply to rare genetic diseases that affect the brain. Were currently focusing on neurodevelopmental disorders like Angelman and H1-4 syndrome because of our expertise. But this technology could also eventually be helpful for many brain disorders, including neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimers or Parkinsons disease. It will have very broad applications.

Zhou: STEP technology is a non-viral, chemical-based delivery system developed here at Yale. I have not seen anyone else working on this type of delivery system. Its unique in that it uses chemicals instead of other vectors such as viral vectors or nanoparticlesthe two most commonly used vectors in the fieldto deliver genome editors to the brain.

It seems that the STEP technology works well for many neurogenetic diseases. We have applied the delivery system to a few diseases, including Angelman syndrome and H1-4 syndrome, and our findings have been very exciting. We have been working together with the NIH to translate this technology to clinical use. Hopefully, we can achieve that in the next few years.

Zhou: We have an array of new technologies under development or under evaluation for correcting genes through either gene correction or epigenetic regulation. This will allow us to potentially treat many rare genetic diseases. Dr. Jiang and I are working on ways to treat Rett syndrome, ALS, and Alzheimers disease, among others. The advances in our technologies open the door to study many genetic, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Jiang: Our goal is to be able to treat or cure every rare genetic disease. The FDA approved CRISPR genome editing treatment for sickle cell therapy in 2023which is quite impressive since CRISPR technology is relatively new. So I have a lot of hope that our work will move fast over the next decade because of the success of the sickle cell program. But we do expect challenges. For instance, many of the critical steps required to navigate CRISPR technology from the bench to the clinic are new to the FDA, the NIH, the research community, and pharmaceutical companies.

However, we remain optimistic that society will address these issues accordingly. We hope that we will be able to deliver therapy for a few dozen of these diseases over the next five years in the clinic.

Zhou: I think that with advances in gene-editing technology, it will now be possible to treat many rare diseases, even through a one-time administration. Along with FDA regulation, there will be challenges in how to engineer our system for efficiency, specificity, and delivery. But we have seen a lot of progress in the field, and we are definitely optimistic about the treatment options that will be available in the next decade.

Jiang: CRISPR editing aims to correct the genetic mistakeoften there is only one mistake in the entire genome. But the technology itself may cause what we call off-target events [in which the technology edits DNA at sites other than the intended target] that might cause harm in an individuals genome. The question is first, how can we maximize the safety of our technology from the design perspective? And second, how do we assess off-target events in the clinical sense?

Another major gap is in resources. From beginning to end, the development of each biological drug requires tens of millions of dollars. And then, we have 5,000 rare genetic diseases now that are eligible for CRISPR gene-editing technology. But because the individual diseases are rare overall, pharmaceutical companies may not be interested in investing due to financial reasons.

Jiang: We have our Rare Disease Day celebration scheduled for February 21 on Yale School of Medicines campus. It will include families dealing with rare diseases, physicians from Yale School of Medicine and Yale New Haven Hospital who treat patients, and rare disease researchers from across campus. Rare diseases can affect any organ system. We want to raise awareness across the academic hospital community because we hope that other specialties will take interest in investing more in rare diseases in terms of clinical care and research.

Zhou: Were lucky to have support from the NIH for our work on Angelman syndrome. Its an exciting time, but hopefully there will be support and investments from other sources so that we can continue these programs and help families. Over the last couple of years, we have been supported by multiple philanthropy efforts that have helped offset some of these limitations.

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The Future of Gene-Editing Treatments for Rare Diseases

Scientists used precise gene-editing to grow larger African eggplants. Credit: Zachary Lippman, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

A genetic breakthrough may soon bring bigger and better tomatoes and eggplants to the world.

Scientists have mapped the genomes of nightshade crops, discovering key genes that determine fruit size. With CRISPR, theyve unlocked ways to control these genes, paving the way for larger, tastier produce.

Bigger and more flavorful tomatoes and eggplants may soon become a reality, thanks to a team of scientists at Johns Hopkins University and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Their research has identified key genes that influence fruit size, paving the way for new crop varieties that could enhance both taste and agricultural efficiency.

This breakthrough could lead to the development of improved heirloom tomato and eggplant varieties, particularly in regions where existing local crops are too small for large-scale farming. By enabling the cultivation of larger, more commercially viable produce, these discoveries have the potential to support global agriculture.

Findings were published today (March 5) in the journal Nature.

Once youve done the gene editing, all it takes is one seed to start a revolution, said co-lead author Michael Schatz, a geneticist at Johns Hopkins University who worked on the Telomere-to-Telomere human genome project. With the right approvals, we could mail an engineered seed to Africa or anywhere its needed and open up entirely new agricultural markets. Theres huge potential to translate these advances into real-world impact.

This research is part of a broader initiative to map the complete genomes of 22 nightshade crops, including tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants, in an effort to better understand and enhance their genetic traits.

Using computational analysis, the researchers compared the genome maps and traced how the genes evolved over time: more than half, the researchers found, had been duplicated at some point in the past.

Over tens of millions of years, theres this constant churn of DNA sequences being added and lost, Schatz said. The same process can occur for gene sequences, where entire genes duplicate or disappear. When we started looking, we noticed these changes were very widespread, but we didnt yet know what those changes meant for the plants.

To find out, collaborators at the Boyce Thomson Institute used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to tweak one or both duplicates of a gene, and collaborators at Cold Spring Harbor grew the engineered plants to see how the tweaks changed the mature plants.

The genetic duplicates, or paralogs, ended up being important for determining traits like flowering time, fruit size, and fruit shapes. Turning off both copies of the CLV3 gene paralogs in the forest nightshade native to Australia, for example, resulted in plants that the researchers described as weird, bubbly, disorganized shapesnot viable to sell as produce in grocery stores. But careful editing of just one copy of CLV3 led to larger fruits.

Having full genome sequences for these species is like having a new treasure map. We can see where and when one genetic path diverges from another and then explore that place in the genetic information where we wouldnt have thought to look, said Katharine Jenike, who assembled the genome sequences and was a PhD student in Schatzs lab at the time of the research. They allowed us to find the size-genes in a really unexpected place.

In the African eggplant, a species grown across the African continent and in Brazil for its edible fruits and leaves, the researchers identified a gene, SaetSCPL25-like, that controls the number of seed cavities, or locules, inside the fruit. When they edited the SaetSCPL25-like genes in the tomato plant, the researchers found they could grow tomatoes with more locules: the more numerous the locules, the bigger the tomato.

The discovery could usher in a new era of tasty tomatoes, if done properly, the researchers said.

This work shows the importance of studying many species together, Schatz said. We leveraged decades of work in tomato genetics to rapidly advance African eggplants, and along the way we found entirely new genes in African eggplants that reciprocally advance tomatoes. We call this pan-genetics, and it opens endless opportunities to bring many new fruits, foods, and flavors to dinner plates around the world.

Reference: Solanum pan-genetics reveals paralogues as contingencies in crop engineering by Matthias Benoit, Katharine M. Jenike, James W. Satterlee, Srividya Ramakrishnan, Iacopo Gentile, Anat Hendelman, Michael J. Passalacqua, Hamsini Suresh, Hagai Shohat, Gina M. Robitaille, Blaine Fitzgerald, Michael Alonge, Xingang Wang, Ryan Santos, Jia He, Shujun Ou, Hezi Golan, Yumi Green, Kerry Swartwood, Nicholas G. Karavolias, Gina P. Sierra, Andres Orejuela, Federico Roda, Sara Goodwin, W. Richard McCombie, Elizabeth B. Kizito, Edeline Gagnon, Sandra Knapp, Tiina E. Srkinen, Amy Frary, Jesse Gillis, Joyce Van Eck, Michael C. Schatz and Zachary B. Lippman, 5 March 2025, Nature.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08619-6

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CRISPR Breakthrough Unlocks the Genetic Blueprint for ... - SciTechDaily

Hoping to revive mammoths, scientists create 'woolly mice'  NPR

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Hoping to revive mammoths, scientists create 'woolly mice' - NPR

"Colossal woolly mouse" created by scientists in effort to reconstruct the woolly mammoth  CBS News

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"Colossal woolly mouse" created by scientists in effort to reconstruct the woolly mammoth - CBS News

Gene modification can create bigger, better tomatoes, but should we do it?  Earth.com

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Gene modification can create bigger, better tomatoes, but should we do it? - Earth.com

Mice have been genetically engineered to look like mammoths  The Economist

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Mice have been genetically engineered to look like mammoths - The Economist

Colossal Biosciences is one step further in quest to bring back the woolly mammoth  Austin American-Statesman

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Colossal Biosciences is one step further in quest to bring back the woolly mammoth - Austin American-Statesman

Colossal Creates the Colossal Woolly Mouse, Showcasing Breakthroughs in Multiplex Genome Editing and Trait Engineering on the Path to a Mammoth  Business Wire

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Colossal Creates the Colossal Woolly Mouse, Showcasing Breakthroughs in Multiplex Genome Editing and Trait Engineering on the Path to a Mammoth -...

Biotech company hoping to revive woolly mammoth, creates woolly mouse: Study  Straight Arrow News

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Biotech company hoping to revive woolly mammoth, creates woolly mouse: Study - Straight Arrow News

'We didn't know they were going to be this cute': Scientists unveil genetically engineered 'woolly mice'  Livescience.com

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'We didn't know they were going to be this cute': Scientists unveil genetically engineered 'woolly mice' - Livescience.com

Biotech Company Creates 'Woolly Mouse' as a Step in Its Quest to Resurrect Woolly Mammoths Through Gene Editing  Smithsonian Magazine

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Biotech Company Creates 'Woolly Mouse' as a Step in Its Quest to Resurrect Woolly Mammoths Through Gene Editing - Smithsonian Magazine

Turning back the aging clock: Billions of dollars are probably being wasted on genetic manipulation techniques that likely wont work  Genetic Literacy Project

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Turning back the aging clock: Billions of dollars are probably being wasted on genetic manipulation techniques that likely wont work - Genetic...

Genetically altered mouse to pave way for resurrection of wolly mammoth?  Hindustan Times

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Genetically altered mouse to pave way for resurrection of wolly mammoth? - Hindustan Times

These Genetically Engineered Mice Have Thick Woolly Mammoth Hair  ExtremeTech

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These Genetically Engineered Mice Have Thick Woolly Mammoth Hair - ExtremeTech

How scientists created woolly mice as part of their quest to bring back the woolly mammoth  The Indian Express

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How scientists created woolly mice as part of their quest to bring back the woolly mammoth - The Indian Express

Woolly mouse unveiled by firm hoping to bring more extinct animals back to life  The National

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Woolly mouse unveiled by firm hoping to bring more extinct animals back to life - The National

OF WOOLLY MICE AND MAMMOTHS  Particle

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OF WOOLLY MICE AND MAMMOTHS - Particle

A Woolly What?  Brownstone Research

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A Woolly What? - Brownstone Research