StemCell Therapy

By researcher Naledi Mashishi

Countries around the world have been racing to vaccinate their populations against COVID-19. South Africas programme started on 17 February 2021. By 10 May, it had vaccinated 395,230 people or 0.7% of its population.

But in April, South Africa suspended the rollout of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. This was due to a joint advisory by the US Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control that detailed six cases of blood clotting in women who had received the vaccine.

In response, South African political party the Economic Freedom Fighters issued a statement calling for the government to look at alternatives.

We urge the South African government to consider the Russian and Chinese vaccines, which up to this point, have proven to be of better efficacy than Euro-American vaccines, the statement ended.

Was the party right? We checked.

VACCINES TRAIN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

A vaccine is a type of preventative medicine that trains the immune system to create antibodies in order to build resistance to specific infections. Most are administered through injection.

Companies that have produced vaccines in Europe and America include: Moderna (US), Pfizer-BioNTech (Germany), AstraZeneca (UK), Johnson & Johnson (US) and Novavax (US).

Companies that have produced vaccines in China and Russia include: Sinopharm (China), Sinovax (China) and Gamaleya (Russia).

MINIMUM 50% EFFICACY REQUIRED

For a vaccine to be approved in South Africa, the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority requires the efficacy to be at least 50%. This is in line with global health standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Dr Lee Hampton, a paediatrician and medical epidemiologist with the Vaccine Alliance, said in an interview with the WHO that vaccine efficacy referred to a vaccines protection against a disease/pathogen in a vaccine trial.

If a vaccine has, for example, 70% efficacy, it means a person vaccinated in a clinical trial is around two-thirds less likely to develop the disease than someone in the trial who didnt get the vaccine.

GERMAN AND US MRNA VACCINES SHOW HIGHEST EFFICACY

Professor Salim Abdool Karim is the director of the Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa (Caprisa) and has recently been appointed to the WHOs Science Council.

He told Africa Check that the vaccines with the highest efficacy were the two mRNA vaccines: Germanys Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna from the US. (Note: mRNA vaccines fight diseases by teaching the immune system how to respond to viruses and bacteria. Watch this video to learn more.)

A US trial published on 1 April 2021 found that Pfizer-BioNTechs vaccine had shown 91.3% efficacy against COVID and 95.3% to 100% efficacy against severe disease, depending on the definition used. An Israeli trial published in the Lancet on 5 May 2021 found that the vaccine had shown 95.3% efficacy against COVID-19 infection and 97.5% efficacy against severe COVID.

Modernas vaccine has shown 94.1% efficacy at preventing COVID-19 illness and 100% efficacy against severe COVID.

There are no other COVID-19 vaccines that compare with these two vaccines. All other vaccines, including those developed in Russia and China, have lower levels of efficacy for any symptomatic infections, Karim said.

Russias Sputnik V vaccine has shown 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19 and 100% efficacy against moderate or severe COVID-19.

Chinas Bio-New Crown Vaccine by Sinopharm has shown 79.3% efficacy against COVID-19 and 100% efficacy against moderate and severe COVID-19. (Note: This study has not been published in a peer-reviewed journal.)

CoronaVac by Sinovac has shown 67% efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19, 85% efficacy against hospitalisations and 80% efficacy against death. (Note: These results are from a Chilean study that has not been peer reviewed.)

NO NEED TO COMPARE VACCINES

Despite the differences in efficacy, medical experts and researchers caution against comparing the vaccines. This is because, according to Hampton, the efficacy data is not designed to be compared.

Clinical trials are set up differently and measure different things. All clinical trials provide rigorous data, but it makes it much harder to do direct comparisons between vaccines, he explained.

For this youd need a head-to-head trial, with the same protocol for all the vaccines, delivered and tracked in the same way.

A number of variables can influence the results, including what is considered a COVID-19 case, the study population and statistical methods for efficacy.

Hampton said available data showed that all the vaccines offered better protection against severe illness than symptomatic illness. Given the risks of COVID, he said, he would still advise patients to take vaccines with slightly lower efficacies.

Karim added that there was no need to compare the vaccines.

The level of difference is not really meaningful as these are all highly efficacious, he said. There is no need to compare the Russian and Chinese vaccines to other vaccines as their efficacy data speak for themselves that the vaccines from these two countries are very good vaccines.

SOUTH AFRICAS VARIANT COMPLICATES DATA

Comparisons of vaccine efficacy are further complicated by the 501Y.V2 variant of COVID-19 discovered in South Africa in December 2020.

Professor Hassan Mahomed, a public medicine specialist at the Stellenbosch University Division of Health Systems and Public Health and at the Western Cape provincial department of health, said more research was required to understand the vaccines efficacy in a local setting.

At this stage, few vaccines have released data about their efficacy against the 501Y.V2 variant. Pfizer reported that a small study of 800 people showed that their vaccine was 100% effective in preventing COVID-19 cases in South Africa''.

In peer reviewed published data, the Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine showed 64% overall efficacy and 82% efficacy against severe disease in South Africa.

Moderna is currently undertaking trials with the South African variant, following early results that suggested it might not be as effective.

There is currently no data on Sputnik or Sinopharms efficacy against the 501Y.V2 variant.

We dont have any data so far about whether [Sputnik] is effective against the variant present here, Mahomed said. It wasnt tested in South Africa at all.

Sinovac has reported that their vaccine remained effective against the 501Y.V2 variant.

CONCLUSION

South Africas Economic Freedom Fighters political party recently claimed that COVID-19 vaccines developed in Russia and China have better efficacy than Euro-American vaccines.

But trials show that the mRNA vaccine developed by Moderna in the United States has higher efficacy than Russian and Chinese vaccines.

But experts say the efficacy of different vaccines should not be compared because their trials were designed differently. The vaccines also need to be tested against the 501Y.V2 variant that has become dominant in South Africa to ensure that they are still effective.

We rate the claim as unproven.

This article appeared on AfricaCheck.org, a non-partisan organisation which promotes accuracy in public debate and the media. Follow them on Twitter: @AfricaCheck

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Interim analysis from the ongoing, open-label, randomized acute viral pneumonia (including COVID-19) pilot study shows 150 ppm nitric oxide (NO) administered with LungFit PRO is well-tolerated with no treatment-related adverse events, and demonstrates encouraging efficacy signals

Further analysis of 3 previously reported pilot studies in bronchiolitis at 150-160 ppm NO demonstrates a favorable safety profile and consistent efficacy across multiple endpoints

Entirety of data at 150-160 ppm NO in both adult and infant patient populations supports further development of LungFit PRO in patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia

GARDEN CITY, N.Y., May 13, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Beyond Air, Inc. (NASDAQ: XAIR), a clinical-stage medical device and biopharmaceutical company focused on developing inhaled nitric oxide (NO) for the treatment of patients with respiratory conditions, including serious lung infections and pulmonary hypertension, and gaseous NO (gNO) for the treatment of solid tumors, today announced the presentation of data at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2021, which is being held virtually from May 14 May 19. The data from both LungFit PRO programs, acute viral pneumonia (including COVID-19) and bronchiolitis, show a favorable safety profile and encouraging efficacy trends using high concentration inhaled NO for the treatment of acute viral lung infections in hospitalized patients.

We have now demonstrated a consistently favorable safety profile at high concentrations of nitric oxide in both adult and infant populations with acute viral lung infections, said Steve Lisi, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Beyond Air. The new data from the acute viral pneumonia pilot trial in adults, taken together with our three previously completed pilot clinical trials in bronchiolitis, enable Beyond Air to prepare for a pivotal study for high concentration NO in a viral indication.

The interim analysis of patients in the acute viral pneumonia (including COVID-19) pilot study shows a favorable safety profile and encouraging efficacy signals in this adult patient population treated with 150 ppm NO generated and delivered by LungFit PRO, commented Andrew Colin, M.D., Batchelor Family Professor of Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonology Director, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami. Given these current data, I believe the results support the continued development of high concentration inhaled NO that can be delivered with ease by LungFit for the treatment of viral pneumonia including COVID-19. LungFit PRO is a revolutionary device that can allow for the treatment of this diverse patient population on a large scale.

Summary of Interim Results of Acute Viral Pneumonia (including COVID-19) Pilot Trial

The ongoing acute viral pneumonia pilot study is a multi-center, open-label, randomized clinical trial in Israel with an emphasis on enrolling patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive inhalations of 150 ppm NO given intermittently for 40 minutes four times per day for up to seven days in addition to standard supportive treatment (NO + SST) or standard supportive treatment alone (SST, control group). At the time of the cut off for these data, a total of 23 COVID-19 subjects were enrolled. The intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis population included 19 patients (9 NO + SST vs 10 SST).

Safety and Tolerability

Effect on Duration of Hospital Stay Intent to Treat Population

Intent to Treat Population with Exclusion of Extreme Values*

*2 subjects discharged from hospital within 6 hours of study enrollment were excluded from analysis.

Effect on Oxygen Support Requirements

Additional detailed study results will be submitted for presentation at an upcoming scientific meeting.

Summary of Analysis of 3 Completed Bronchiolitis Pilot Trials

To date, over 90 patients hospitalized with a viral lung infection have received 150-160 ppm inhaled NO, dosed intermittently, without any reported treatment-related serious adverse events, said Asher Tal, M.D. Professor Emeritus, Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Overall, the data show that 150 ppm NO given intermittently via inhalation is effective in the treatment of patients with bronchiolitis, while data at the lower concentration of 85 ppm show no benefits. I look forward to further development of the program using a minimum concentration of 150 ppm NO, noting that a reduction in time spent in the hospital by these patients would be clinically meaningful.

Beyond Air has assessed inhaled NO in three pilot clinical trials in bronchiolitis. 198 infants (43% females; 57% males) participated across the three programs, with a mean age of 3.9 months (range 0.3 11.9 months). Inhaled NO treatments were given intermittently for 30 to 40 minute durations, from 4 to 5 times daily for up to 5 days. Data from patients in the SST group were pooled across the 3 studies for safety analysis.

Studies Included in the Analysis

Safety and Tolerability

Efficacy Conclusions

*Met statistical significance (p

About Beyond Air, Inc.Beyond Air, Inc. is a clinical-stage medical device and biopharmaceutical company developing a revolutionary NO Generator and Delivery System, LungFit, that uses NO generated from ambient air to deliver precise amounts of NO to the lungs for the potential treatment of a variety of pulmonary diseases. LungFit can generate up to 400 ppm of NO, for delivery either continuously or for a fixed amount of time and has the ability to either titrate dose on demand or maintain a constant dose. The Company is currently applying its therapeutic expertise to develop treatments for pulmonary hypertension in various settings, in addition to treatments for respiratory tract infections that are not effectively addressed with current standards of care. Beyond Air is currently advancing its revolutionary LungFit for clinical trials for the treatment of severe lung infections such as SARS-CoV-2 and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Additionally, Beyond Air is using ultra-high concentrations of NO with a proprietary delivery system to target certain solid tumors in the pre-clinical setting. For more information, visit http://www.beyondair.net.

About Nitric Oxide (NO)Nitric Oxide (NO) is a powerful molecule, naturally synthesized in the human body, proven to play a critical role in a broad array of biological functions. In the airways, NO targets the vascular smooth muscle cells that surround the small resistance arteries in the lungs. Currently, exogenous inhaled NO is used in adult respiratory distress syndrome, post certain cardiac surgeries and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn to treat hypoxemia. Additionally, NO is believed to play a key role in the innate immune system and in vitro studies suggest that NO possesses anti-microbial activity not only against common bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative, but also against other diverse pathogens, including mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast and parasites, and has the potential to eliminate multi-drug resistant strains.

About LungFit*Beyond Airs LungFit is a cylinder-free, phasic flow nitric oxide generator and delivery system and has been designated as a medical device by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The ventilator compatible version of the device can generate NO from ambient air on demand for delivery to the lungs at concentrations ranging from 1 part per million (ppm) to 80 ppm. LungFit system could potentially replace large, high-pressure NO cylinders providing significant advantages in the hospital setting, including greatly reducing inventory and storage requirements, improving overall safety with the elimination of NO2 purging steps, and other benefits. LungFit can also deliver NO at concentrations at or above 80 ppm for potentially treating severe acute lung infections in the hospital setting (e.g. COVID-19, bronchiolitis) and chronic, refractory lung infections in the home setting (e.g. NTM). With the elimination of cylinders, Beyond Air intends to offer NO treatment in the home setting.

* Beyond Airs LungFit is not approved for commercial use. Beyond Airs LungFit is for investigational use only. Beyond Air is not suggesting NO use over 80 ppm or use at home.

About BronchiolitisThe majority of hospital admissions of infants with bronchiolitis are caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is a common and highly transmissible virus that infects the respiratory tract of most children before their second birthday. While most infants with RSV present with minor respiratory symptoms, a small percentage develop serious lower airway infections, termed bronchiolitis, which can become life-threatening. The absence of treatment options for bronchiolitis limits the care of these sick infants to largely supportive measures. Beyond Airs system is designed to effectively deliver 150 - 400 ppm NO, for which preliminary studies indicate may eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microbes from the lungs.

About Acute Viral PneumoniaIn adults, viruses have been identified as the causative agents in approximately 100 million cases of community-acquired pneumonia per year. While viral pneumonia in adults is most commonly caused by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus, newly emerging viruses (including SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, avian influenza A, and H1N1 viruses) have been identified as pathogens contributing to the overall burden of adult viral pneumonia. Patients aged 65 years or older are at particular risk for death from the disease, as are patients with other underlying health conditions or weakened immune systems. There is no consensus regarding the use of antiviral drugs to treat viral pneumonia, and specific preventative measures are currently limited to the influenza vaccine. Given that current treatment recommendations are largely limited to supportive care, there is an unmet medical need for effective treatment options.

About COVID-19COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 first emerged in December of 2019. Those affected develop fever, cough, shortness of breath and/or difficulty breathing. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some can progress to pneumonia and multi-organ failure. Older adults and people who have serious chronic medical conditions are at an increased risk of developing severe complications from COVID-19. There is no specific treatment approved for COVID-19 and patients are managed with supportive care. NO may prove to be a treatment as the impact on the lung should result in bronchodilation, reduction in inflammation and inhibition of the viral replication process1,2,3. As of May 12, 2021 more than 160 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 3.3 million deaths have been reported globally.

[1] Tripathi et al, FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, December 2017[2] Saura, M., et al., An antiviral mechanism of nitric oxide: inhibition of a viral protease. Immunity, 1999. 10(1): p. 21-8.[3] Akerstrm S et al. Nitric oxide inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol. 2005; 79(3):1966-9.

Forward Looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements concerning inhaled nitric-oxide and the Companys LungFit product, including statements with regard to potential regulatory developments, the potential impact on patients and anticipated benefits associated with its use. Forward-looking statements include statements about our expectations, beliefs, or intentions regarding our product offerings, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects. You can identify such forward-looking statements by the words anticipates, expects, intends, impacts, plans, projects, believes, estimates, likely, goal, assumes, targets and similar expressions and/or the use of future tense or conditional constructions (such as will, may, could, should and the like) and by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results as of the date they are made. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and reflect our views as of the date they are made with respect to future events and financial performance. Many factors could cause our actual activities or results to differ materially from the activities and results anticipated in forward-looking statements, including risks related to: our approach to discover and develop novel drugs, which is unproven and may never lead to efficacious or marketable products; our ability to fund and the results of further pre-clinical and clinical trials; obtaining, maintaining and protecting intellectual property utilized by our products; our ability to enforce our patents against infringers and to defend our patent portfolio against challenges from third parties; our ability to obtain additional funding to support our business activities; our dependence on third parties for development, manufacture, marketing, sales, and distribution of products; the successful development of our product candidates, all of which are in early stages of development; obtaining regulatory approval for products; competition from others using technology similar to ours and others developing products for similar uses; our dependence on collaborators; our short operating history and other risks identified and described in more detail in the Risk Factors section of the Companys most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC, all of which are available on our website. We undertake no obligation to update, and we do not have a policy of updating or revising, these forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.

CONTACTS:Steven Lisi, Chief Executive Officer Beyond Air, Inc. Slisi@beyondair.net

Maria Yonkoski, Head of Investor RelationsBeyond Air, Inc.Myonkoski@beyondair.net

Corey Davis, Ph.D.LifeSci Advisors, LLCCdavis@lifesciadvisors.com (212) 915-2577

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Beyond Air Presents Data in Hospitalized Patients with Viral Lung Infections (including COVID-19) from LungFit PRO Programs at ATS 2021 -...

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Dean Sherzai, MD, PhD is a neurologist and the co-director of the Alzheimers Prevention Program at Loma Linda University Our brain is the most active organ in our body, consuming 25 per cent of our energy and at times up to 50 per cent of our oxygen, even while we sleep. A balanced diet is crucial for helping it function at its highest capacity, yet all too often brain health is overlooked. So with the help of my wife Ayesha, who studied preventative medicine and neurology, I have devised a diet plan to boost our brain health: The 30-Day Alzheimers Solution: The Definitive Food and Lifestyle Guide to Preventing Cognitive Decline. Alzheimers and dementia are typically problems that are addressed later in life, but the plan is targeted at people of all ages as it is never too early to start feeding your brain: even our children, who are 14 and 16, follow this diet. We dont fall into any one diet plan, as they can all have unhealthy elements. We advocate for a clean, plant-based approach to eating focused around the nine NEURO points: nutrition, exercise, unwind, restore and optimize. The plan also aims to encourage positive habits, such as getting a good nights sleep and eating without your phone. An example of this would be: Nutrition: I will eat three servings of kale per week. Exercise: I will walk briskly for 15 minutes a day, five days a week. Unwind: I will meditate for 10 minutes every day. Restore: I will turn off all device screens an hour before I go to bed every night to help me have a night of restorative sleep. Optimise: I will practice piano three times a week. We chose to keep the plan to 30 days because, based on our experience, that is long enough to create a core set of habits that will last. My wife and I have devoted our careers to exploring the prevention of Alzheimers and other neurodegenerative diseases. What we have discovered is that food is inextricably linked to brain health. Thousands of years ago, the goal was only to live for as long as it took to find a mate, which drove us to seek out sugar and high energy foods. To put it simply, life was about surviving, not thriving. But now, the aim is to cheat that system and live long and healthy lives. If we continue to eat sugars and processed carbohydrates to excess, as is common in Western diets, it can damage your brain. This is partly down to the role of insulin: if you eat too much sugar, the cells become overwhelmed, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. Diets that are high in saturated fat cause long-term damage to our cells, including oxidation, while too much salt can impair blood pressure and damage the blood vessels leading to the brain. We chose to avoid fish for environmental reasons and concerns about mercury and lead. Instead, our plan incorporates omega-3 into peoples diets through walnuts and supplements. The beauty of the brain is that it can thrive when it is fed with the right foods. These are the neuro nine, which should be eaten every day. 1. Green leafy vegetables This includes dark green leafy vegetables like kale, watercress, Swiss chard, collard greens, arugula and spinach. These contain no saturated fats and help to keep you feeling full; consequently youre less likely to reach for unhealthy foods. They dont release sugar or glucose in excess, so they are the best thing for diabetes, pre-diabetes and glucose metabolism. Aim for: three cups raw or 1.5 cups cooked. 2. Whole grains Such as oats, quinoa, brown rice, farro and buckwheat. The fibre component is crucial, because it is broken down into these short fatty acids that affect the blood/brain barrier. Aim for: three servings ( cup cooked oatmeal, quinoa, brown rice, or 100 per cent whole-wheat pasta is 1 serving). 3. Seeds Especially ground flaxseeds and chia seeds. They have a ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids of 34 to 1, making them a powerful brain health food. DHA is the omega-3 that is good for the brain; usually it comes from the algae which fish eat. Flaxseeds also contain lignans, which have antioxidant properties and fight degenerative changes in the body and brain. Aim for: two tablespoons (two servings) 4. Beans and legumes You should aim for a diet that is rich with chickpeas, black beans, pinto beans, lentils, edamame, giant beans, tempeh, tofu. Beans contain resistant starches, fiber, plant proteins, anti-oxidants, phytonutrients and iron. They lower cholesterol, regulate blood sugar and have also been shown to reduce the risk of stroke. Aim for: three servings of 12 cup cooked beans or tofu/tempeh, 14 cup hummus, or 12 cup peas 5. Berries Such as blueberries, blackberries, strawberries. Blueberries contain anthocyanins, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Anthocyanins have also been linked with increased neuronal signaling in areas of the brain that are responsible for memory function, and they improve the delivery of glucose to the brain. Aim for: 12 cup (one serving) 6. Nuts Including walnuts, almonds and cashews. Alongside seeds, these are a source of healthy fat. Walnuts are the stand-out choice when it comes to brain health: they have relatively high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids in the form of ALA as well as fibres and minerals. Walnuts also have the highest antioxidants among all nuts; however, nuts are high in calories so it is important to consume them in moderation. Aim for: 14 cup (one serving) 7. Crucifiers Such as broccoli, cauliflower, bok choy, cabbage and Brussels sprouts. These also have important anti-inflammatories called Sulforaphane, that can access the blood-brain barrier and actually reverse damage caused by free radicals and even normal aging. Aim for: one cup (two servings) 8. Tea Green, white, black, or Oolong tea. Green tea contains catechin, a polyphenol that activates toxin-clearing enzymes. This makes it a great anti-inflammatory. Recent research shows that consuming 1 to 2 cups of green tea a day lowers your risk of Alzheimers and stroke due to the compound EGCC. Aim for: At least one cup daily 9. Herbs and spices Especially turmeric, but also sumac, sage, rosemary, thyme, oregano, cloves, Indian gooseberry, and saffron. We mainly use these in the plan as a replacement for salt, because of the flavour they bring. However, they are also an easy way of adding more anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds to your diet. Aim for: At least 14 teaspoon daily The 30-Day Alzheimer's Solution: Definitive Food and Lifestyle Guide to Preventing Cognitive Decline by Dean Sherzai and Ayesha Sherzai is out now (HarperOne) As told to Alice Hall

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Genome sequencing the ability to sequence an individual's DNA is becoming a standard tool to study diseases. In 2019, over 26 million people took direct-to-consumer DNA tests, which speaks to our collective desire to better understand our genomes.

In July 2013, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics issued a recommendation that people who have their genomes sequenced in a clinical setting should also have their genomic data screened for variants in 56 genes that can pose health risks. The genes (which includes the RET gene) are associated with increased risks for several life-threatening, but treatable or preventable diseases. The number of genes included in the list increased to 59 in 2016, and clinicians expect that the list will be updated again soon.

When a person comes into the clinic to be tested for a specific condition, any positive result related to that condition is called a primary finding. But when testing reveals information separate from the original condition, it is called a secondary finding. An estimated 1-4% of people receive unexpected health results from genomic tests each year.

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Animation of a clinician explaining primary and secondary findings. Credit: Harry Wedel, NHGRI.

Secondary findings are not unique to clinical genomics. People can also receive secondary findings from MRI, radiology and other medical tests.

In the case of genome sequencing, examples of secondary findings can include those related to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk, and conditions such as inherited heart rhythm problems. Clinicians share such secondary findings with a person only if the person consents to receiving such information.

Secondary findings are now a component of precision medicine, relying on individual and collective genomic data to make assessments about a persons health risks. Clinicians can obtain highly accurate findings because of the vast amount of available genome sequence data. Researchers can search this data to improve genomic testing and how they detect people who are at risk of harboring disease-related variants. Specifically, secondary findings provide individuals and families the opportunity to learn about their health risks before they develop a disease.

In 2019, researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) started the Genomic Services Research Program, part of what is now NHGRI's Center for Precision Health Research, to further understand and improve the implementation of precision medicine initiatives.

"Secondary findings play a pivotal role in diagnosing diseases, preserving health and saving lives," said Leslie Biesecker, M.D., chief of the NHGRIs Clinical Genomics Section. "Our research program measures how clinicians communicate these findings and peoples reactions so we can identify areas for improvement. The payoff could improve human health by making it commonplace for people to get treatment for diseases before they are sick."

The payoff could improve human health by making it commonplace for people to get treatment for diseases before they are sick.

According to Biesecker, identifying a secondary finding is only the first step. The Genomic Services Research Program studies whether secondary findings have real-life use and value by assessing three key components:

Biesecker also emphasized the need for healthcare providers to clearly communicate with patients who receive secondary findings so they understand their treatment options.

"Most people seek out genetic testing because they know of a strong family history for a certain disease," said Katie Lewis, Sc.M., CGC, a genetic counselor in the program. "But for those individuals who get these secondary findings, it can be an immense surprise. Our goal is to help individual patients get the care they need and share the result with their families.

Lewis also adds that there is very little known about the extent to which patients follow through with treatment and the factors that influence their decisions. Understanding what motivates those who do take action and those who do not can help genetic counselors target their efforts to assist an individual with a secondary finding and translate it into improved long-term health.

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From one genomic diagnosis, researchers discover other treatable health conditions - National Human Genome Research Institute

Infex Therapeutics has awarded a 1m contract to Lonza to help progress its RESP-X program, a novel therapy which targets serious recurrent respiratory infections in patients with damaged lung functions.

RESP-X is expected to enter clinical trials at the Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust Clinical Research Facility in November this year.Lonza, the Swiss-owned contract manufacturing company, will manufacture a therapeutic antibody for the program in its plant in Slough, UK.

RESP-X is an anti-virulence therapy in-licensed from Japanese pharma company Shionogi. It is designed to help the body tackle Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, a hard to treat drug-resistant pathogen recognised by the WHO as a critical threat to human health. A novel humanised monoclonal antibody, RESP-X does not kill bacteria directly but deactivates a mechanism that prevents the immune system from acting against the infection.

Dr Peter Jackson, executive director of Infex Therapeutics, said: Lonza is recognised as a global leader in the manufacture of therapeutic antibodies and we have negotiated this agreement that will provide access to their manufacturing plant within the timeline we need.

Lonza was involved in an earlier stage of the program, producing pre-clinical material at its facility in Singapore, and were very pleased to be able to bring this larger scale body of manufacturing to Lonzas facility in the UK.

RESP-X is designed as a preventative treatment against non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection. Patients can become chronically infected with Pseudomonas, significantly reducing their quality of life. There is high, unmet need, with millions of patients worldwide at risk of this condition, and no approved preventative therapy.

Jeetendra Vaghjiani, Director Commercial Development, Mammalian at Lonza stated: We are proud to be selected as Infexs manufacturing and development partner for this project. The mission of Infex is an important one and we are happy to collaborate with Infex in this battle against serious infectious disease.

The RESP-X program is backed by iiCON, the infectious disease consortium led by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, supported by the Strength in Places Fund from UKRI.

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In a new survey, Healthline examined how COVID-19 impacts the mental and physical health of different people by ethnicity. Heres how our findings highlighted the variety of health inequities experienced during the pandemic.

Healthline recently conducted a survey that reveals health inequities by ethnicity.

Comparing data from 1,533 U.S. adults collected in February 2020 with data from 1,577 adults in December 2020, the survey revealed that People of Color (POC) are less likely to rate their overall health and wellness as excellent or very good compared with white Americans.

Moreover, COVID-19 specifically impacted the physical and mental health of POC.

COVID-19 has brought to the forefront a tale of two pandemics. One of which has impacted every major system within our [country]: systemic racism. The other [pandemic], COVID-19, has made the general public aware of the inequities that exist within our systems of care as Black Indigenous Persons of Color (BIPOC) and those that identify as Latino or Latinx have always experienced disproportionate inequities in healthcare, Andrea Heyward, deputy director of the Center for Community Health Alignment, told Healthline.

Healthlines study revealed the following inequalities.

Asian, Hispanic, and Black populations have had more difficulties accessing medical professionals since the pandemic in the following ways:

Inability to see doctors or get treatments:

Delayed doctor or medical appointments due to lack of availability:

Dr. Michelle Ogunwole, health disparities researcher in San Antonio, Texas, noted that some access problems during the early days of the pandemic were due to patient-related reasons, such as being afraid to go to a doctors office for fear of contracting the virus.

Physicians, such as primary care doctors, called to help COVID-19 patients and, therefore, taking appointments only with those who had urgent needs is another reason, she said.

Think about people who get care at federally qualified health centers where the physicians there are already stretched to capacity add in COVID-19, and so it will be difficult to get appointments, and you might have to wait a long time, Ogunwole told Healthline.

Still, she stressed that other reasons related to structural racism are also to blame for lack of access.

Our nation was set up this way. Black and Brown communities live in different areas of town because of redlining and residential segregation, so theyve always had less resources, and the pandemic magnifies this, she said.

For example, hospitals for Black and Brown people have historically been built in the poor parts of town and not invested in. So less innovation occurs, and fewer researchers are inclined to invest in the hospital.

Its a snowball effect. It matters in terms of the quality of care, said Ogunwole.

Dr. Kunjana Mavunda, a pediatric pulmonologist in Miami, agreed. She explained that before the pandemic, clinics that provide care to poor, marginalized groups tend to have long wait times to get appointments, the physical facilities are not well-kept, and the education of the staff might be inadequate.

Due to inadequate financial support, these clinics may not have adequate preventative programs, and when appointments are given, patients have to wait for a long time to be seen which means that a person would have to take a whole day off from work in order to get medical attention, Mavunda told Healthline.

Because of this, patients tend to seek care only when they are sick, and then, they are more likely to go to an urgent care center or emergency room. So, the patient is not able to develop a working relationship with a primary care provider, care is episodic, and there is no continuity of care, she said.

Also, poverty and transportation problems increased during the pandemic, making it difficult for people to keep appointments.

Add in the fact that there is racism and implicit bias on the individual level. There are studies that have shown that peoples biases affect their ability to give the same standard of care to patients, Ogunwole said.

The Healthline survey showed that most POC have felt more anxious and stressed than white Americans over the past few months:

For example, a higher percentage of Asian Americans said they feel stressed. Asians have been falsely blamed for spreading COVID-19 and have been the targets of a higher number of hate crimes during the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced not just the longstanding pressure for minorities to assimilate and acculturate in America, but also the absolute demand to assimilate in a way that completely erases cultural history, identities, and practices, Elizabeth Keohan, a licensed certified social worker at Talkspace, told Healthline.

As a result, marginalized groups experience significant levels of stress, anxiety, and depression at a time when personal safety is a persistent concern during everyday life, she said.

It can already be a challenging personal struggle to feel different, separate, and isolated, but when the larger society perceives you as a foreigner in your own land, then emotional stress is raised even higher to a level that can border on an inability to live ones life free of fear, said Keohan.

Heyward added that existing and continuous racial injustices in the United States call for movements such as Black Lives Matter and Stop Asian Hate.

What we know to be true is that stress impacts the health of individuals across a spectrum of conditions, Heyward said. In fact, it is far from surprising that any individual experiencing the stress of COVID-19, lack of access to healthcare, social determinants of health, in addition to experiencing the trauma of prejudice and racism would be impacted physically, emotionally, and psychologically.

While access to healthcare is complicated in many ways, Ogunwole said, the pandemic has shown that change can happen fast.

Systemic change can happen rapidly and overnight because thats what our healthcare system has done this past year, she said.

For instance, telemedicine being covered by Medicaid during the pandemic helped many people.

However, a lot of work needs to be done to help with healthcare disparities long term. Experts believe the following ways can make a difference.

For change to happen, the first step involves intentional and meaningful engagement of people who experience health inequities and racial injustices, said Heyward.

This includes being open to hearing collective voice and tapping into the power of individuals that experience prejudice and racism for any substantial change to happen, she said.

Keohan noted that dialogue connects and sustains people.

Certainly, as humans we cannot heal from what we do not talk about. And after a year of isolation, the wounds of vulnerability have come to the surface, exposing biases, negative worldviews, insecurities, even our own, that may have permeated before now, said Keohan.

Elevating the conversation toward understanding each other can lead to less division and more support for those who need it.

We need to identify and recognize the harshness of our reality, acceptance of what is true and real for so many the ongoing and the wide gaps and disparities in systems of care, Keohan said.

African Americans and Hispanics are often thought of as one unified group, Mavunda said. However, she believes this needs to change.

The thinking process of different groups is different, and it will be more meaningful to look at the groups separately, she said.

For example, American-born African Americans are different from Caribbean Blacks, who are different from Haitian Blacks, who are different from Africans.

Experiences these societies have had for at least the past two to three generations dictate their approach to healthcare, said Mavunda. The same applies to Hispanics recently arrived Cubans are different than Cubans who have grown up in the United States. Puerto Ricans are different than the Mexicans who are different than the Central or South Americans who are different than the Dominicans.

Ogunwole sees differences between POC in her research.

For example, this is a broad generalization, but as a health disparities researcher, a lot of times when you look at the Asian populations health outcomes, if you broke them down into specific subgroups, you would see even more disparities. But they usually tend to be closer to white people than Black and Hispanic people in terms of disparities that we see, she said.

Moreover, she explained that the way People of Color experience racism is different.

We have a shared sense of marginalization, certainly, but the historic roots of racism are very different in the Black community, Latinx community, and the Asian community. In the Black community, it was slavery. In the Asian community, it was the Chinese Exclusions Act. Understanding this is important, she said.

Only 5 percent of U.S. doctors are Black, and according to research from The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), the number of doctors who are Black men remains unchanged since 1940.

We know that diversity helps, yet in my specialty, which is internal medicine, the physician population does not yet reflect the patients we see, said Ogunwole.

She explained that physician diversity matters because physicians of color bring new perspectives to medicine and are more likely to work in communities of color.

Theres evidence of increased patient satisfaction when patients share not only racial concordance but language concordance with their doctor, Ogunwole said.

When you look at the projectory of this country, the census is predicting that its going to be a minority-majority by 2050, 2060. Were a melting pot, so we need to have physicians who are reflective of the rich diversity of this country, said Ogunwole.

Being aware of legislation that can impact health and access to health is one way everyone can help, says Mavunda.

Many of our political leaders work to make access to healthcare more difficult. An example is the Florida Legislature. Many years ago, the federal government offered to provide monies to the states to expand Medicaid for the poor and the disabled. Florida has chosen not to accept the money, she said.

She recommended supporting leaders who aim to address disparities as a systemic problem by establishing adequate medical facilities in neighborhoods where people need healthcare and who provide opportunities for patients to build trust with providers.

Unfortunately, this requires money, and changes need to be made at governmental levels state, federal, local, etc. Not all leaders are willing to make changes or spend money on all communities. We know that this will work because we have pockets where this is already happening, e.g., clinics that treat the migrants and federally funded clinics located in poor neighborhoods, Mavunda said.

For mental healthcare needs, Keohan suggested identifying what is available to you, within your own network of care, and also within your community to help ease the search.

When performing an online search, enter clinician of color or BIPOC therapist of color.

Ask questions about worldviews, approach and style to understand that a particular provider might be better equipped to understand and validate the stressors you might be experiencing both personally and also through a broader scope of gender, race, faith, and sexuality, said Keohan.

Once you can identify what matters to you, it can be easier to eliminate the wrong provider and find one who can support and compliment your value, she added.

When scheduling visits with a new clinic, Ogunwole said there is nothing wrong with saying, Id like to request a bilingual provider, or Id like to request a Black woman provider, or Id like to request a provider who is comfortable treating transgender youth.

Its not always that youll get a doctor who looks exactly like you. Its about finding a doctor who cares about your well-being, and who can suspend judgment, and who is willing to listen to you and include you in the conversation about your health, Keohan said.

Heyward suggested reaching out to a community health worker (CHWs), people with lived experience who have strong ties to the community they serve.

As community leaders and advocates in many areas, CHWs help individuals every day in navigating healthcare and social needs, she said.

To learn more about CHWs and other community resources, including those for COVID-19, visit their website.

Cathy Cassata is a freelance writer who specializes in stories around health, mental health, medical news, and inspirational people. She writes with empathy and accuracy and has a knack for connecting with readers in an insightful and engaging way. Read more of her work here.

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From Stress to Healthcare: How COVID-19 Is Impacting People of Color Differently - Healthline

ESCANABA It has been more than 15 months since our nation began its fight against COVID-19. Weve prevented infections, cared for the sick, saved lives and mourned those weve lost. Weve provided so much more than medicine during this time as loved ones supported from a distance. The burdens and responsibilities of the pandemic have strained organizations, families, and each of us in very personal ways. Now, as more than 2.3 million veterans across the nation have been fully vaccinated trust and confidence in VA health care is at an all-time high.

Our health care teams at the Oscar G. Johnson VA Medical Center here in Iron Mountain have earned that trust, working on the frontlines to provide care to those most in need. We began implementing safety measures over a year ago to protect Veterans and our staff from getting sick. As part of prioritizing safety, for each appointment weve had to weigh the options and risks with our patients. When clinical urgency rose above the risk of COVID-19, we provided in person care. When it did not and the risk of COVID-19 infection took priority, we offered alternatives. This was the right decision. In many cases, Veterans told us they preferred postponing routine care because they did not want to risk being exposed to the virus and we worked with them to identify next steps.

We successfully moved many appointments to video and telephone when that was appropriate and helped meet the needs of the patient. This has even offered unexpected benefits of convenience for veterans or additional engagement options for family and caregivers. Unlike with in person care, virtual options give a Veterans support network the ability to join visits and engage with VA providers much more easily. We anticipate continuing to offer virtual visits even as we return to more in person care.

As we move forward, we are welcoming veterans back in record numbers. We are encouraging veterans to call first and talk to their health care team about coming in for routine and preventative care. These appointments, from cancer screenings to eye exams are essential to staying healthy and ultimately save lives.

Here at OGJVAMC, we have reached out to patients to be sure they are getting the care they need and working with them to reschedule appointments. As our community spread of COVID-19 has decreased over the past few months, many have already resumed their care, while others have begun scheduling appointments for the weeks ahead, either within the VA or when eligible, in the community.

In working to coordinate care, we have found that many community providers outside of VA are also needing to reschedule previously cancelled appointments or are managing abbreviated schedules, creating longer wait times than usual and often longer than within VA. We have provided more than 2.3 million Veterans care in the community since the MISSION Act was implemented almost two years ago, and we are proud that so many Veterans continue to choose VA, allowing us to coordinate timely, quality and patient-focused care inside or outside our walls.

I want this community to know that OGJVAMC is dedicated to caring for Veterans, not just in this time of national emergency, but continuing now and into the future. While we are part of the national healthcare system, first and foremost, we are members of this vibrant community. OGJVAMCs 700 employees are here day and night for those who have served our nation and call the Upper Peninsula and northern Wisconsin home.

Recent legislation has enabled us to open up vaccination clinics to any Veteran along with their spouse or caregiver, and we are pleased to be meeting new members of this community for the first time, or welcoming back those who we havent seen in a while. We would encourage every Veteran to consider coming in and receiving their COVID-19 vaccine and enrolling in care with us. If you or a Veteran in your life havent come in for care in a while, please check in with your provider team and consider scheduling an appointment. If you know a veteran who isnt enrolled in VA health care and is interested in their eligibility, please direct them to http://www.VA.gov.

I hope Veterans and all members of the community will take the time to work with their medical provider team to get their appointments rescheduled, even if they havent been vaccinated yet. Our doors are open, and we look forward to seeing you soon.

Jim Rice is director of the Oscar G. Johnson VA Medical Center in Iron Mountain

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Alcohol deaths in England and Wales in 2020 were the highest for 20 years. The Office for National Statistics recorded 7,423 deaths from alcohol misuse, a 19.6% increase compared with 2019. Although this is likely to have many complex causes, data from Public Health England suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting lockdowns are at least partly responsible for the increase. Largely, the disruption of work and social routines have led to a surge of hazardous drinking within the home (with some fairly harrowing personal stories).

The Intoxicating Spaces project, of which Im part, has been exploring how pandemics also influenced the use of intoxicants, including patterns of alcohol consumption, in the past. As part of this work, weve looked at how the successive bubonic plague outbreaks that gripped England, especially London, in the 17th century (1603, 1625, 1636 and 1665) wrought similar changes in peoples drinking habits.

Like today, these sudden and frightening outbreaks of disease restricted access to inns, taverns, alehouses and other public drinking places the cornerstones of early-modern sociability. While never subject to wholesale closure, these environments were targeted by the equivalent of social distancing legislation. A 1665 London plague order, for example, identified tippling in taverns, alehouses, coffee-houses, and cellars as the greatest occasion of dispersing the plague, and imposed a 9pm curfew.

The extent to which these regulations altered 17th-century peoples relationship with alcohol is difficult to determine based on surviving information. However, anecdotal evidence suggests there might have been a comparable shift towards drinking at home.

In his classic 1722 meditation on the 1665 London outbreak Due Preparations for the Plague, Daniel Defoe told the story of a London grocer who voluntarily quarantined himself and his family in their home for the duration of the pandemic. Among the provisions he assembled were 12 hogsheads of beer; casks and rundlets containing four varieties of wine (canary, malmsey, sack and tent; 16 gallons of brandy; and many sorts of distilld waters (spirits).

According to Defoe, this impressive stockpile was not gratuitous but necessary supplies. This is because, surprisingly from the perspective of todays public health messaging, in this period alcohol was thought to have had medicinal value and its moderate consumption during plague outbreaks was actively encouraged.

Contemporary doctors and medical writers believed alcohol worked as a plague preventatives, in two main ways.

First, the consumption of beers, wines and spirits was believed to strengthen the bodys key defensive organs of the brain, heart and liver. They were especially beneficial when taken first thing in the morning, with many commentators recommending fortifying liquid plague breakfasts.

In his 1665 plague treatise, Medela Pestilentiae, minister and medical writer Richard Kephale claimed that its good to drink a pint of maligo [Malaga wine or port] in the morning against the infection. (He was also effusive on the inexpressible virtues of tobacco.) Many recipes for the popular preventative and cure plague water invariably contain wine and spirits, as well as pharmaceutical herbs.

Second, and perhaps more significantly, moderate drinking was believed to ward off those fearful mental states that induced melancholy (early modern terminology for depression), which was thought to make people more vulnerable to contracting the plague.

As Defoe put it, the grocers liquor hoard was not for his and his familys mirth or plentiful drinking, but rather so as not to suffer their spirits to sink or be dejected, as on such melancholy occasions they might be supposed to do. Likewise, in his 1665 plague treatise, Zenexton Ante-Pestilentiale, physician William Simpson advocated the drinking of good wholesome well-spirited liquor to make the heart merry and cause cheerfulness. This would banish many enormous ideas of fear, hatred, anxiousness, sorrow, and other perplexing thoughts, and thereby fortify the balsam of life against all infectious breaths.

The key thing for all of these writers was alcohol moderately taken. Excessive drinking to the point of drunkenness was still cautioned against, and living with temperance upon a good generous diet (in the words of one author) remained the baseline for most plague medicine.

However, then as now, its likely that the disruption of patterns of labour and leisure, along with the daily anxieties of living in a plague-stricken city, drove many to the psychological consolations of the bottle on a more dangerous and habitual basis. In A Journal of the Plague Year Defoes other, more celebrated novel about the 1665 London outbreak he tells the story of a physician who kept his spirits always high and hot with cordials and wine. But could not leave them off when the infection was quite gone, and so became a sot for all his life after.

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How the bubonic plague changed drinking habits - The Conversation UK

When I started my pediatric genetic practice over 20 years ago, I was frustrated by constantly having to tell families and patients that I couldnt answer many of their questions about autism and what the future held for them. What were the causes of their childs particular behavioral and medical challenges? Would their child talk? Have seizures? What I did know was that research was the key to unlocking the mysteries of a remarkably heterogeneous disorder that affects more than five million Americans and has no FDA-approved treatments. Now, thanks in large part to the impact of genetic research, those answers are starting to come into focus.

Five years ago we launched SPARK ( Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge) to harness the power of big data by engaging hundreds of thousands of individuals with autism and their family members to participate in research. The more people who participate, the deeper and richer these data sets become, catalyzing research that is expanding our knowledge of both biology and behavior to develop more precise approaches to medical and behavioral issues.

SPARK is the worlds largest autism research study to date with over 250,000 participants, more than 100,000 of whom have provided DNA samples through the simple act of spitting in a tube. We have generated genomic data that have been de-identified and made available to qualified researchers. SPARK has itself been able to analyze 19,000 genes to find possible connections to autism; worked with 31 of the nations leading medical schools and autism research centers; and helped thousands of participating families enroll in nearly 100 additional autism research studies.

Genetic research has taught us that what we commonly call autism is actually a spectrum of hundreds of conditions that vary widely among adults and children. Across this spectrum, individuals share core symptoms and challenges with social interaction, restricted interests and/or repetitive behaviors.

We now know that genes play a central role in the causes of these autisms, which are the result of genetic changes in combination with other causes including prenatal factors. To date, research employing data science and machine learning has identified approximately 150 genes related to autism, but suggests there may be as many as 500 or more. Finding additional genes and commonalities among individuals who share similar genetic differences is crucial to advancing autism research and developing improved supports and treatments. Essentially, we will take a page from the playbook that oncologists use to treat certain types of cancer based upon their genetic signatures and apply targeted therapeutic strategies to help people with autism.

But in order to get answers faster and be certain of these results, SPARK and our research partners need a huge sample size: bigger data. To ensure an accurate inventory of all the major genetic contributors, and learn if and how different genetic variants contribute to autistic behaviors, we need not only the largest but also the most diverse group of participants.

The genetic, medical and behavioral data SPARK collects from people with autism and their families is rich in detail and can be leveraged by many different investigators. Access to rich data sets draws talented scientists to the field of autism science to develop new methods of finding patterns in the data, better predicting associated behavioral and medical issues, and, perhaps, identifying more effective supports and treatments.

Genetic research is already providing answers and insights about prognosis. For example, one SPARK familys genetic result is strongly associated with a lack of spoken language but an ability to understand language. Armed with this information, the medical team provided the child with an assistive communication device that decreased tantrums that arose from the childs frustration at being unable to express himself. An adult who was diagnosed at age 11 with a form of autism that used to be known as Aspergers syndrome recently learned that the cause of her autism is KMT2C-related syndrome, a rare genetic disorder caused by changes in the gene KMT2C.

Some genetic syndromes associated with autism also confer cancer risks, so receiving these results is particularlyimportant. We have returned genetic results to families with mutations in PTEN, which is associated with a higher risk of breast, thyroid, kidney and uterine cancer. A genetic diagnosis means that they can now be screened earlier and more frequently for specific cancers.

In other cases, SPARK has identified genetic causes of autism that can be treated. Through whole exome sequencing, SPARK identified a case of phenylketonuria (PKU) that was missed during newborn screening. This inherited disorder causes a buildup of amino acid in the blood, which can cause behavior and movement problems, seizures and developmental disabilities. With this knowledge, the family started their child on treatment with a specialized diet including low levels of phenylalanine.

Today, thanks to a growing community of families affected by autism who, literally, give a part of themselves to help understand the vast complexities of autism, I can tell about 10 percent of parents what genetic change caused their childs autism.

We know that big data, with each person representing their unique profile of someone impacted by autism, will lead to many of the answers we seek. Better genetic insights, gleaned through complex analysis of rich data, will help provide the means to support individualschildren and adults across the spectrumthrough early intervention, assistive communication, tailored education and, someday, genetically-based treatments. We strive to enable every person with autism to be the best possible version of themselves.

This is an opinion and analysis article.

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How Big Data Are Unlocking the Mysteries of Autism - Scientific American

Surging demand for genetic and DNA testing and integration of big data science in genetic are creating lucrative opportunities

Fact.MR, Rockville MD: Fact.MRs recent study on the global genealogy products and services market has projected the market to grow at a healthy pace through 2021. Surging demand for genetics and DNA testing in the developed countries is anticipated to drive the market demand through 2021. Rising prevalence of genetic diseases such as autoimmune disease, cancer, diabetes has majorly augmented the demand for genetic testing across the globe. According to the study, the market is significantly fragmented and with leading players establishing their online presence in various regions is helping the market to grow rapidly.

Furthermore, genetic and DNA testing plays a vital role for the early diagnostics and preventive healthcare in case of rare autoimmune diseases, which is aiding the market demand. Also, the adoption of artificial intelligence and data science has provided ample of expansion opportunities to the market players. The growth of the market is highly dependent on the growth of Artificial Intelligence and information technology. Also, demand for genealogy in tracing lineage with the help of big data analytics has provided wide growth opportunities for genealogy products and services manufacturers.

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DNA and genetic testing are finding lucrative opportunities in the field of forensics as they adopt advance technologies to enhance the efficiency of investigation. This is boosting the adoption genealogy products and services in the forensics domain, says the Fact.MR analyst.

Key Takeaways

Prominent Drivers

Key Restraints

Discover more about the Genealogy products and services market with 32 figures, data tables and the table of contents.

https://www.factmr.com/report/3083/genealogy-products-services-market

Competitive Landscape

Key market players listed by Fact.MR for global genealogy products and services market includes MyHeriatge, WHSmith, 23andMe Inc., FamilySearch, Geneanet, WikiTree, FindmyPast, GenealogyBank, Living DNA, Billion Graves, and Family Tree DNA among others. According to the study, the market is expected to be fragmented. Key players are focused bolstering their online presence along with new product launches and novel services to attract more customer base.

For instance, in December 2020, Blackstone completed the acquisition of Ancestry, an online global leader in digital family history business, operating in more than 30 countries, for the price of US$ 4.7 Billion.

Also in 2019, Bode Technology, a leading provider of forensic DNA analysis products and services announced the launch of new forensic genealogy service offering to the law enforcement investigators and crime laboratories.

More Insights on the Genealogy products and services Market

In its latest report on genealogy products and services market, Fact.MR gives a detailed segmentation on the key growth drivers and opportunities expected to prevail the market in upcoming years. In order to understand the market perspective, trends and challenges, the market is segmented on the basis of category (family records, family tree, forum, cemetery, newspapers, blogs, links, and DNA testing), and across major regions (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa).

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Explore Fact.MRs Coverage on the Healthcare Domain

Genetic Testing Services Market: A recent study by Fact.MR on the genetic testing services market offers an unbiased analysis on the opportunities and trends through 2021 and beyond. The study analyzes crucial trends that are currently determining market growth. This report explicates on vital dynamics, such as the challenges, restraints, and opportunities for key market players along with key stakeholders and emerging players.

Genetic Analyzer Systems Market: Fact.MR gives a detailed assessment of Genetic analyzer systems market value chain analysis, business execution, and supply chain analysis across regional markets has been covered in the report. A list of prominent companies operating in the market along with their product portfolios enhances the reliability of this comprehensive research study.

Genetic Testing Panels Market: Fact.MR delivers an in-depth analysis on global genetic testing panels market with the strategies and competitive landscape through 2021 and beyond. The key players market share data provided by the report given you a detailed insights on the shortcomings and forthcomings of the market for the forecast period.

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Demand for Genetic and DNA Testing Spurring Adoption of Genealogy Products and Services: Fact.MR - BioSpace

Scientists have figured out how to modify the unrivaled gene-editing tool CRISPR to extend its reach to the epigenome, which controls how genes are switched on or off.

The researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, and MITs non-profit Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and have already used the tool in the lab to mostly deactivate the gene that makes the protein Tau, which has been implicated in Alzheimers disease.

The novel CRISPR-based tool called CRISPRoff allows scientists to switch off almost any gene in human cells without making a single edit to the genetic codeand once a gene is switched off, it remains inert in the cells descendants for hundreds of generations, unless it is switched back on with a complementary tool called CRISPRon.

Because the epigenome plays a central role in many diseases, from viral infection to cancer, CRISPRoff technology may one day lead to powerful epigenetic therapies that are safer than conventional CRISPR therapeutics because it doesnt involve any DNA edits.

Though genetic and cellular therapies are the future of medicine, there are potential safety concerns around permanently changing the genome, which is why were trying to come up with other ways to use CRISPR to treat disease, said Luke Gilbert, PhD, a professor at UCSF and co-senior author of the new paper, published in the April 9 journal Cell.

Conventional CRISPR is equipped with two pieces of molecular hardware that make it an effective gene-editing tool. One component is a DNA-snipping enzyme, which gives CRISPR the ability to alter DNA sequences. The other is a homing device that can be programmed to zero in on any DNA sequence of interest, imparting precise control over where edits are made.

RELATED: Every Patient Treated With CRISPR Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases Continues to Thrive, More Than a Year On

To build CRISPRoff, the researchers dispensed with conventional CRISPRs DNA-snipping enzyme function, but retained the homing device, creating a stripped-down CRISPR capable of targeting any gene. Then they tethered an enzyme to this barebones CRISPR. But rather than splicing DNA, this enzyme acts on the epigenome, which consists of proteins and small molecules that latch onto DNA and control when and where genes are switched on or off.

The new tool targets a particular epigenetic feature known as DNA methylation, which is one of many molecular parts of the epigenome. When DNA is methylated, a small chemical tag known as a methyl group is affixed to DNA, which silences nearby genes. Although DNA methylation occurs naturally in all mammalian cells, CRISPRoff offers scientists unprecedented control over this process.

Another tool described in the paper, called CRISPRon, removes methylation marks deposited by CRISPRoff, making the process fully reversible.

Now we have a simple tool that can silence the vast majority of genes, said Jonathan Weissman, PhD, Whitehead Institute member, co-senior author of the new paper and a former UCSF faculty member. We can do this for multiple genes at the same time without any DNA damage, and in a way that can be reversed. Its a great tool for controlling gene expression.

Based on previous work by a group in Italy, the researchers were confident that CRISPRoff would be able to silence specific genes, but they suspected that some 30 percent of human genes would be unresponsive to the new tool.

POPULR: Scientists Use Gene-targeting Breakthrough Against COVID-19 Cells With CRISPR Tool Called PAC-MAN

DNA consists of four genetic letters A, C, G, T but, in general, only Cs next to Gs can be methylated. To complicate matters, scientists have long believed that methylation could only silence genes at sites in the genome where CG sequences are highly concentrated, regions known as CpG islands.

Since nearly a third of human genes lack CpG islands, the researchers assumed methylation wouldnt switch these genes off. But their CRISPRoff experiments upended this epigenetic dogma.

What was thought before this work was that the 30 percent of genes that do not have CpG islands were not controlled by DNA methylation, said Gilbert. But our work clearly shows that you dont require a CpG island to turn genes off by methylation. That, to me, was a major surprise.

Easy-to-use epigenetic editors like CRISPRoff have tremendous therapeutic potential, in large part because, like the genome, the epigenome can be inherited.

MORE: Revolutionary CRISPR-based Genome Editing System Destroys Cancer Cells Permanently in Lab

When CRISPRoff silences a gene, not only does the gene remain off in the treated cell, it also stays off in the descendants of the cell as it divides, for as many as 450 generations.

To the researchers surprise, this held true even in maturing stem cells. Though the transition from stem cell to differentiated adult cell involves a significant rewiring of the epigenome, the methylation marks deposited by CRISPRoff were faithfully inherited in 90 percent of cells that made this transition, which showed that cells retain a memory of epigenetic modifications made by the CRISPRoff system even as they change cell type.

They selected one gene to use as an example of how CRISPRoff might be applied to therapeutics: the gene that codes for Tau protein, which is implicated in Alzheimers disease. After testing the method in neurons, they discovered that using CRISPRoff could be used to turn Tau expression downalthough not entirely off. What we showed is that this is a viable strategy for silencing Tau and preventing that protein from being expressed, says Weissman. The question is, then, how do you deliver this to an adult? And would it really be enough to impact Alzheimers? Those are big open questions, especially the latter.

Even if CRISPRoff does not lead to Alzheimers therapies, there are many other conditions it could potentially be applied to. Their findings suggest that CRISPRoff would only need to be administered once to have lasting therapeutic effects, making it a promising approach for treating rare genetic disorders including Marfan syndrome, which affects connective tissue, Jobs syndrome, an immune system disorder, and certain forms of cancer that are caused by the activity of a single damaged copy of a gene.

ALSO: For First Time Ever, Scientists Have Cured Living Creatures of HIV and Eliminated Virus From DNA Entirely

While delivery to specific tissues remains a challenge, we showed that you can deliver it transiently as a DNA or as an RNA, the same technology thats the basis of the Moderna and BioNTech coronavirus vaccine, Weissman says.

Because the epigenome plays a central role in so many diseases, this exciting new technology may one day lead to powerful therapies to tackle our deadliest foes, although further work is needed to realize its full therapeutic potential.

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Researchers Create CRISPR 'On-Off Switch' to Control Inherited Genetic Problems Without Changing DNA - Good News Network

ORLANDO, Fla., April 30, 2021 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ --What is genetic counseling?

Genetic counseling is an integral part of the genetic screening, testing, and diagnosis process. It provides important services for individuals and families looking to understand more about their genetic health, their potential risks for developing a rare disease, and, in some cases, to understand a confirmed diagnosis of a rare disease as well.

Genetic counseling provides important information and knowledge about the causes and possible symptoms of rare diseases. It also helps put a patient's family medical history, their own medical history, and their symptoms within the context of a rare disease diagnosis. It improves the accuracy of the genetic diagnosis process and helps patients gain access to more targeted genetic testing for a more accurate result and diagnosis.

It is also important for the role it plays in providing patients and families with emotional support during challenging and sometimes stressful processes. It helps connect patients to rare disease networks and support groups as well.

Genetic counseling acts as a bridge between a patient and the medical world - it translates medical jargon, test results and coordinates the different parts of a rare disease patient's care management and possible treatment options.

Barriers to accessing genetic counseling

There are several main barriers to accessing genetic counseling. The implications of these barriers can have profound and long-lasting effects on the diagnosis and care of rare disease patients.

The diagnosis of rare diseases is already fraught with misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis - some patients face a wait of anywhere between 4-8 years to receive a correct diagnosis. Part of this delay is caused by a lack of access to genetic counseling services and support.

This delay in reaching a diagnosis can, in turn, lead to delays in treatment and support for rare disease patients. Improving patient outcomes starts with an accurate and timely diagnosis.

Location

For many people, location is a considerable obstacle to accessing genetic counseling services. This is a particular problem for people who live in rural or remote areas. Still, even with larger urban areas and centers, location can be a real barrier to genetic counseling services.

Availability

As awareness about genetic screening, genetic testing, and rare diseases increases, so does the demand for genetic counseling. This creates increased pressure on a much-needed service and can lead to long wait times for appointments. This, in turn, creates a barrier to access and delays access to genetic counseling.

Cost

For some patients, the cost of genetic counseling, including transport costs to get there, can create an insurmountable barrier to accessing the service.

Awareness

Not everyone is aware of the importance of genetic counseling during the genetic diagnosis process. Not everyone is aware of the full range of services and support provided by a genetic counselor. For others, there is a barrier in understanding how and where they can access genetic counseling services and whether overcoming these barriers is worth it.

Overcoming barriers to genetic counseling

Increasing accessibility to genetic counseling services is important if we continue to raise awareness around rare diseases and ensure that rare disease patients get an accurate diagnosis fast. The faster patients receive a diagnosis, the faster they can manage their condition and related symptoms and improve their long-term outcomes.

So, how do we achieve this?

Online or virtual genetic counseling is one solution that removes all of the current barriers to accessing genetic counseling - location, availability, cost, and awareness - and ensures any patient from anywhere in the world can connect with a network of global genetic counselors and experts, from the comfort of their own home.

Online genetic counseling is easy to access. All it requires is a connected device with video. This means no traveling is involved, no logistical challenges to overcome, and it means accessing genetic counseling from a place and time that works for the patient and their family. It also removes scheduling conflicts and tries to fit genetic counseling and traveling to it into a family's schedule when moved online. There is greater flexibility in where and when, and this benefits everyone.

Moving genetic counseling online also increases availability - it removes wait times for a genetic counselor nearby and allows patients to look further afield for a genetic counselor, regardless of where the patient or counselor is in the world. This creates access to a broader pool of genetic experts and helps patients secure appointments faster. It also helps reduce costs and may ensure more competitive pricing for genetic counseling services as well.

Also, moving genetic counseling online should help raise awareness about its crucial and essential services for rare disease patients and their families. Greater accessibility naturally means greater awareness.

The FDNA Telehealth platform is designed to connect rare disease patients to a global network of genetic experts almost immediately. From the first meeting with a genetic counselor to more specific guidance with genetic testing and analysis options to understand how to manage a rare disease, online genetic counseling delivers help, information, and support fast.

Media Contact

Ido Rabiner, FDNA Telehealth, +1 877-327-0735, ido.rabiner@fdna.com

SOURCE FDNA Telehealth

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Genetic Counseling, the barriers to access, and how we overcome them - WFMZ Allentown

This past year was tough on us all but living through a pandemic was not the only challenge the Whitler family had to overcome.Joanna Whitler says she was shocked when she found out that 6-month-old baby Luke had a rare genetic medical condition called spinal muscular atrophy also known as SMA.The condition impairs an individuals muscles and motor neurons by not producing enough protein to keep up with the bodys functions.After undergoing multiple treatments, Luke is now taking a new, recently FDA approved medicine called Evrysdi. Which is the first and only take-home medicine to treat FDA. After a short time taking it, his family is already seeing multiple improvements. During Christmas this year, Bodhi, his older brother, asked Santa for a PJ mask doll and for Luke to crawl. And he got a PJ mask doll on Christmas, Luke did not crawl until March, but he is now crawling, Whitler said. The family says they hope the medicine will continue to make Luke improve and that his story will help spread awareness for SMA.

This past year was tough on us all but living through a pandemic was not the only challenge the Whitler family had to overcome.

Joanna Whitler says she was shocked when she found out that 6-month-old baby Luke had a rare genetic medical condition called spinal muscular atrophy also known as SMA.

The condition impairs an individuals muscles and motor neurons by not producing enough protein to keep up with the bodys functions.

After undergoing multiple treatments, Luke is now taking a new, recently FDA approved medicine called Evrysdi. Which is the first and only take-home medicine to treat FDA.

After a short time taking it, his family is already seeing multiple improvements.

During Christmas this year, Bodhi, his older brother, asked Santa for a PJ mask doll and for Luke to crawl. And he got a PJ mask doll on Christmas, Luke did not crawl until March, but he is now crawling, Whitler said.

The family says they hope the medicine will continue to make Luke improve and that his story will help spread awareness for SMA.

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Diagnosed with a rare genetic condition, young Winston Salem boy improves with new medication - WXII12 Winston-Salem

A transetiologic, phenotype-based approach was associated with response to treatment and may improve the management of neuropathic pain. These findings were published in the journal Pain.

Patients (n=628) with probable or definite neuropathic pain were recruited from the Pain Center at Ambroise Par Hospital in France. All patients were assessed by a standard clinical neurologic examination. They then rated their pain during the past 24 hours on an 11-point numerical scale and completed the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI).

A clustering approach was used to stratify patients by pain phenotypes. Researchers used data from a previous study of patients (n=97) with neuropathic pain who were randomly assigned to receive botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) or placebo to assess whether patient clusters would be more or less responsive to BTX-A treatment.

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The internal and BTX-A cohorts comprised patients who had a mean age of 56.4 (15.2) and 52.3 (16.1) years, 51.9% and 50.5% were women, their duration of pain was 64.8 (74.7) and 63 (67) months, and their pain intensity was 6.4 (1.7) and 6.4 (1.6) points, respectively.

Among the internal cohort, 3 major clusters were identified. Patients in cluster 1 (31.4%) had pinpointed pain with above-average paresthesia or dysesthesia and below-average evoked pain. Patients in cluster 2 (30.4%) had evoked pain with above-average pain that was provoked by brushing, cold, pressure, or electric shocks, and below-average deep pain and paresthesia or dysesthesia. Patients in cluster 3 (38.2%) comprised patients who had deep pain that felt like squeezing and above-average pressure with below-average paresthesia or dysesthesia.

Patients in the BTX-A cohort were stratified into 3 patient clusters. Patients in group 2 had a significant group (F, 6.71; P =.013) and group by time interaction (F, 2.24; P =.009). Similarly, patients in cluster 3 had both a significant group (F, 4.41; P =.042) and group by time interaction (F, 2.01; P =.021). BTX-A therapy did not have a significant effect compared with placebo among patients in cluster 1 (F, 0.35; P =.56).

This study was based on post hoc analyses and requires validation in a prospective cohort.

These findings suggest that a transetiologic, phenotype-based approach may have the potential to improve treatment selection for patients with painful neuropathy.

Bouhassira D, Branders S, Attal N, et al. Stratification of patients based on the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory: development and validation of a new algorithm. Pain. 2021;162(4):1038-1046. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002130

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Phenotypic Stratification of Patients With Painful Neuropathy May Predict Response to Therapy - Clinical Pain Advisor

Coherentmarketinsights.Com Presents Global Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Market Research Report 2019 New Research To Its Studies Database

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Global Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment market size expected to reach xx Million USD by 2027, from xx Million USD in 2019, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2019-2027). In this study report, 2019 has been considered as the base year, 2019 as the Estimated Year, (2013-2017) as the History Year and 2019 to 2027 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment.

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Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Consumption Breakdown Data by Region

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Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Market is a comprehensive collection of information and figures in the form of graphs, pie charts, and tables. Data is specifically acquired from secondary sources including the internet, journals, magazines, and press releases. All the retrieved data is validated using primary interviews and questionnaires.

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Table of Contents :

Global Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Sales Market Report 2018 Mainly Covers Following Chapters:

1. Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Overview(Product Overview, Scope and Classification of Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment), Type and Application of Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment, Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Market by Regions;2. Global Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Competition by Manufacturers, Type, and Application with (Sales and Market Share, Revenue and Share, Volume and Value) by Manufacturers, by Type, by Regions and by Application;3. United States Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment (Volume, Value and Sales Price, Revenue and Growth Rate) by Manufacturers, Type, Application (2011-2018);4. China Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment (Volume, Value and Sales Price, Revenue and Growth Rate) by Manufacturers, Type, Application (2011-2018);5. Europe Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment (Volume, Value and Sales Price, Revenue and Growth Rate) by Manufacturers, Type, Application (2011-2018);6. Japan Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment (Volume, Value and Sales Price, Revenue and Growth Rate) by Manufacturers, Type, Application (2011-2018);7. Global Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Manufacturers Analysis(Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors, Product Type, Application and Specification), Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2018), Main Business/Business Overview;8. Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Manufacturing Cost Analysis, Key Raw Materials Analysis(Key Raw Materials, Price Trend of Key Raw Materials, Key Suppliers of Raw Materials, Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials), Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure(Labour Cost, Raw Materials, Manufacturing Process Analysis of Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment);9. Industrial Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers;10. Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders with Marketing Channel(Direct Marketing, Indirect Marketing, Marketing Channel Development Trend), Market Positioning(Pricing Strategy, Brand Strategy, Target Client), Distributors/Traders List;11. Market Effect Factors Analysis (Technology Progress/Risk, Substitutes Threat, Technology Progress in Related Industry), Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change, Economic/Political Environmental Change;12. Global Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Market Sales, Revenue Forecast (2018-2021) by Regions, by Type, by Application;13. Appendix, Disclosure Section, Research Methodology, Data Source, Disclaimer.

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Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment Market: Development, Growth, Trends, Demand, Analysis and Forecast 2026 KSU | The Sentinel Newspaper - KSU | The...

Most Recent Report On The Global Diabetic Neuropathy Market

The Diabetic Neuropathy Marketreport provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, the impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations

Diabetic Neuropathy Market report provides a thoroughly researched abstract of the key players with considerable shareholdings at a global level regarding demand, sales, and income by providing better products and services. Research Report outlines a forecast for the Diabetic Neuropathy market between 2020 and 2027. In terms of value, the Diabetic Neuropathy industry is expected to register a steady CAGR during the forecast period.

Diabetic NeuropathyMarket competition by top manufacturers as follows:Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and Janssen Pharmaceuticals.

The Download PDF brochure only consists of a Table of Content, Research Framework, and Research Methodology.

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Valuable Data included in the report:

In-depth analysis of the sales strategies adopted by domestic as well as global market playersLatest innovations in the Diabetic Neuropathy market and its impact on market growthAll-round evaluation of the different factors expected to influence the market dynamicsPricing and marketing strategies adopted by top-tier companiesEvaluation of the micro and macro-economic factors that are anticipated to shape the future of the Diabetic Neuropathy market

Competitive Outlook

The presented business intelligence report includes a SWOT analysis for the leading market players along with vital information including, revenue analysis, market share, pricing strategy of each market player.

Regional analysis includes

North AmericaLatin AmericaEuropeSouth AsiaEast AsiaOceaniaThe Middle East and Africa

Browse Diabetic Neuropathy Research Report:Diabetic Neuropathy Market

The researchers have analyzed macro-economic factors such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal developments, to derive the drivers and restraints of the Diabetic Neuropathy Market. Over the top investigation of the political and financial scene of every single significant district has been done to introduce the components that will prompt the market income. Then again, customer conduct over the globe has been investigated to comprehend the conceivable development restrictions, notwithstanding other large scale factors. Understanding the restraining factors empowers market players to mitigate the possible risks that they may have to deal with during the forecast period 2016 2026.

The report provides a comprehensive study of the Diabetic Neuropathy Market, with details ranging from assessment of companies to trends to geography-specific drivers and restraints. Moreover, the examination presents segmental features and serious scenes concerning every geology. Authored by researchers after extensive analysis, the report is suffused with key insights into the global Diabetic Neuropathy Market and will ensure that the readers gain a comprehensive understanding of the direction the Diabetic Neuropathy Market is headed in.

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With a systematic and methodic approach, our analysts collect data from credible primary and secondary sources. In addition, we offer the most efficient after-sales services to our customers and address their problems without any delay.

Highlights of TOC:

Overview: Presents a broad overview of the Diabetic Neuropathy Market, acting as a snapshot of the elaborate study that follows.

Market Dynamics: A straightforward discussion about key drivers, restraints, challenges, trends, and opportunities of the Diabetic Neuropathy Market.

Product Segments: Explores the market development of the wide assortment of items offered by associations, and how they charge with end-clients.

Application Segments: This section studies the key end-use applications that contribute to the market growth and the emerging opportunities to the Diabetic Neuropathy Market.

Geological Segments: Each territorial market with an area explicit investigation of each section is deliberately evaluated for understanding its current and future development situations.

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Diabetic Neuropathy Market: Demand, Insights, Analysis, Opportunities, Segmentation and Forecast to 2026 The Courier - The Courier

The Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Drug Market research report aims to provide the readers with an accurate and data-based assessment of the current market conditions over the forecast period of 2021 to 2027. It also provides valuable insight into the market performance in years to come, drawn from a careful assessment of various economic, social, technological, political, and demographic factors.

The study analyzes various drivers and restraints for stakeholders and players in the Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Drug market and assesses their effects on general demand dynamics. This business intelligence report can prove to be a powerful resource for players in the Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Drug market to help guide their business development strategies and to make informed decisions.

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Top Key Players Profiled in this report are:

The research report assesses detailed historical data on production volume, capacity, demand, and supply chain logistics in the Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Drug market to assess the strong impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the market. . It analyzes the evolution of trends and takes into account recent developments likely to affect the market scenario in the years to come.

Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Drug Market Segmentation:

Based on Type

Based on Application

Regional Analysis:

The report provides information about the market area, which is further subdivided into sub-regions and countries. In addition to market share in each country and subregion, this chapter of this report also provides information on profit opportunities. This chapter of the report mentions the share and market growth rate of each region, country, and sub-region in the estimated time period.

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Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Drug Market Size and Forecast 2027 | Top Key Players Alkeus Pharmaceuticals, Ixchel Pharma, LLC, Biovista Inc.,...

PRINCETON, N.J., April 30, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Agile Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: AGRX), a women's healthcare company, today announced that a post hoc analysis of the Phase 3 SECURE Trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Twirla® (levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol) transdermal system in women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and women with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 will be presented at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Annual Clinical and Scientific Meeting from April 30 – May 2.

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Agile Therapeutics Announces Presentation of Safety and Efficacy Data of Twirla® (Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol) Transdermal System in Women...

Applauds Decisive Move and Commitment by FDA to Advance Rule Banning Menthol As First Step to Reduce Addiction, Improve Quitting, Reduce Youth Initiation and Reduced Disparities; Movement on Nicotine Cap by FDA Expected to be Forthcoming

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22nd Century Group Welcomes Ban on Menthol Cigarettes and Anticipates Further Standards as FDA Commissioner Reports Nicotine Cap on Combustibles...

Pratteln, Switzerland, April 30, 2021 – Santhera Pharmaceuticals (SIX: SANN) announces that it has issued 2,312,000 treasury shares.

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Santhera Completes Capital Increases for Financing Arrangements