StemCell Therapy

The report on Global Food Biotechnology Market has been provided by researchers for a detailed understanding of market performance over an estimated period of time set from 2021 to 2026. However, this report has introduced a brief overview to provide the reader with better information on this report. This brief description contains a basic definition of the product or service studied in the report. Along with this, it also contains a summary of the main applications of this product or service in various industrial sectors. In addition, market research experts have also provided information on the manufacture or production of the product or service and its distribution strategy.

Other important factors studied in the global Food Biotechnology market report include demand and supply dynamics, industrial processes, import and export scenarios, R&D development activities and cost structures. In addition, this report also calculates figures for demand and supply for consumption, production cost, gross profit margins and sales price for products.

Get FREE Sample copy of this Report with Graphs and Charts at:https://reportsglobe.com/download-sample/?rid=289972

The segmentation chapters enable readers to understand aspects of the market such as its products, available technology and applications. These chapters are written to describe their development over the years and the course they are likely to take in the coming years. The research report also provides detailed information on new trends that may define the development of these segments in the coming years.

Food Biotechnology Market Segmentation:

Food Biotechnology Market, By Application (2016-2027)

Food Biotechnology Market, By Product (2016-2027)

Major Players Operating in the Food Biotechnology Market:

Company Profiles This is a very important section of the report that contains accurate and detailed profiles for the major players in the global Food Biotechnology market. It provides information on the main business, markets, gross margin, revenue, price, production and other factors that define the market development of the players studied in the Food Biotechnology market report.

Global Food Biotechnology Market: Regional Segments

The different section on regional segmentation gives the regional aspects of the worldwide Food Biotechnology market. This chapter describes the regulatory structure that is likely to impact the complete market. It highlights the political landscape in the market and predicts its influence on the Food Biotechnology market globally.

Get up to 50% discount on this report at:https://reportsglobe.com/ask-for-discount/?rid=289972

The Study Objectives are:

This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million USD) and volume (K Units). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of Food Biotechnology market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.

Some Major Points from Table of Contents:

Chapter 1. Research Methodology & Data Sources

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

Chapter 3. Food Biotechnology Market: Industry Analysis

Chapter 4. Food Biotechnology Market: Product Insights

Chapter 5. Food Biotechnology Market: Application Insights

Chapter 6. Food Biotechnology Market: Regional Insights

Chapter 7. Food Biotechnology Market: Competitive Landscape

Ask your queries regarding customization at: https://reportsglobe.com/need-customization/?rid=289972

How Reports Globe is different than other Market Research Providers:

The inception of Reports Globe has been backed by providing clients with a holistic view of market conditions and future possibilities/opportunities to reap maximum profits out of their businesses and assist in decision making. Our team of in-house analysts and consultants works tirelessly to understand your needs and suggest the best possible solutions to fulfill your research requirements.

Our team at Reports Globe follows a rigorous process of data validation, which allows us to publish reports from publishers with minimum or no deviations. Reports Globe collects, segregates, and publishes more than 500 reports annually that cater to products and services across numerous domains.

Contact us:

Mr. Mark Willams

Account Manager

US: +1-970-672-0390

Email: [emailprotected]

Website: Reportsglobe.com

Original post:
Food Biotechnology Market 2021 Detailed Analysis of top Ventures with Regional Outlook | Key Companies: ABS Global, Arcadia Biosciences, AquaBounty...

NEW YORK, Nov. 6, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Crowdsourcing has become an increasingly popular way to develop machine learning algorithms to address many clinical problems in a variety of illnesses. Today at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) annual meeting, a multicenter team led by an investigator from Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) presented the results from the RA2-DREAM Challenge, a crowdsourced effort focused on developing better methods to quantify joint damage in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

HSS Logo (PRNewsfoto/Hospital for Special Surgery)

Damage in the joints of people with RA is currently measured by visual inspection and detailed scoring on radiographic images of small joints in the hands, wrists and feet. This includes both joint space narrowing (which indicates cartilage loss) and bone erosions (which indicates damage from invasion of the inflamed joint lining). The scoring system requires specially trained experts and is time-consuming and expensive. Finding an automated way to measure joint damage is important for both clinical research and for care of patients, according to the study's senior author, S. Louis Bridges, Jr., MD, PhD, physician-in-chief and chair of the Department of Medicine at HSS.

"If a machine-learning approach could provide a quick, accurate quantitative score estimating the degree of joint damage in hands and feet, it would greatly help clinical research," he said. "For example, researchers could analyze data from electronic health records and from genetic and other research assays to find biomarkers associated with progressive damage. Having to score all the images by visual inspection ourselves would be tedious, and outsourcing it is cost prohibitive."

"This approach could also aid rheumatologists by quickly assessing whether there is progression of damage over time, which would prompt a change in treatment to prevent further damage," he added. "This is really important in geographic areas where expert musculoskeletal radiologists are not available."

Story continues

For the challenge, Dr. Bridges and his collaborators partnered with Sage Bionetworks, a nonprofit organization that helps investigators create DREAM (Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods) Challenges. These competitions are focused on the development of innovative artificial intelligence-based tools in the life sciences. The investigators sent out a call for submissions, with grant money providing prizes for the winning teams. Competitors were from a variety of fields, including computer scientists, computational biologists and physician-scientists; none were radiologists with expertise or training in reading radiographic images.

For the first part of the challenge, one set of images was provided to the teams, along with known scores that had been visually generated. These were used to train the algorithms. Additional sets of images were then provided so the competitors could test and refine the tools they had developed. In the final round, a third set of images was given without scores, and competitors estimated the amount of joint space narrowing and erosions. Submissions were judged according to which most closely replicated the gold-standard visually generated scores. There were 26 teams that submitted algorithms and 16 final submissions. In total, competitors were given 674 sets of images from 562 different RA patients, all of whom had participated in prior National Institutes of Health-funded research studies led by Dr. Bridges. In the end, four teams were named top performers.

For the DREAM Challenge organizers, it was important that any scoring system developed through the project be freely available rather than proprietary, so that it could be used by investigators and clinicians at no cost. "Part of the appeal of this collaboration was that everything is in the public domain," Dr. Bridges said.

Dr. Bridges explained that additional research and development of computational methods are needed before the tools can be broadly used, but the current research demonstrates that this type of approach is feasible. "We still need to refine the algorithms, but we're much closer to our goal than we were before the Challenge," he concluded.

About HSS

HSS is the world's leading academic medical center focused on musculoskeletal health. At its core is Hospital for Special Surgery, nationally ranked No. 1 in orthopedics (for the 12th consecutive year), No. 4 in rheumatology by U.S. News & World Report (2021-2022), and the best pediatric orthopedic hospital in NY, NJ and CT by U.S. News & World Report "Best Children's Hospitals" list (2021-2022). HSS is ranked world #1 in orthopedics by Newsweek (2021-2022). Founded in 1863, the Hospital has the lowest complication and readmission rates in the nation for orthopedics, and among the lowest infection rates. HSS was the first in New York State to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Service from the American Nurses Credentialing Center five consecutive times. The global standard total knee replacement was developed at HSS in 1969. An affiliate of Weill Cornell Medical College, HSS has a main campus in New York City and facilities in New Jersey, Connecticut and in the Long Island and Westchester County regions of New York State, as well as in Florida. In addition to patient care, HSS leads the field in research, innovation and education. The HSS Research Institute comprises 20 laboratories and 300 staff members focused on leading the advancement of musculoskeletal health through prevention of degeneration, tissue repair and tissue regeneration. The HSS Global Innovation Institute was formed in 2016 to realize the potential of new drugs, therapeutics and devices. The HSS Education Institute is a trusted leader in advancing musculoskeletal knowledge and research for physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, academic trainees, and consumers in more than 130 countries. The institution is collaborating with medical centers and other organizations to advance the quality and value of musculoskeletal care and to make world-class HSS care more widely accessible nationally and internationally. http://www.hss.edu.

Cision

View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/researchers-present-global-effort-to-develop-machine-learning-tools-for-automated-assessment-of-radiographic-damage-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-301417942.html

SOURCE Hospital for Special Surgery

Read more:
Researchers Present Global Effort to Develop Machine Learning Tools for Automated Assessment of Radiographic Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis - Yahoo...

Remote classes such as yoga, Pilates, and tai chi are beneficial for people with musculoskeletal problems such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoporosis, according to research presented at the American College of Rheumatology 2021 annual meeting.

After attending biweekly 60-minute low-intensity Zoom fitness classes at six-week increments, participants improved physically and became more socially active, say researchers at the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) in New York City.

RELATED: Whats Your Arthritis Lifestyle Type?

Out of the 355 people assessed (among a total of 6,779 participants), 161 self-reported a musculoskeletal condition. Affecting the joints, bones, or muscles, musculoskeletal conditions include inflammatory arthritis and other chronic conditions associated with pain, functional limitations, and disability.

Participants were mostly female, older than 60, and white. That group reported that with any level of participation at every six-week virtual exercise session, they achieved:

Those who said they attended twice a week or more for six weeks reported even more improvement:

Live remote exercise programs offer a two-way interactive experience: participants connect to a video conference or meeting remotely with a computer, smartphone, or tablet device, usually from their own home. During the class, people may have the opportunity to talk with others and get personal feedback from the instructor, who can see and hear them via the devices camera and microphone.

HSS offered a remote, live class that had to be taken at a scheduled time but provided direct interaction with the instructor and other students. Unlike prerecorded classes online (often free) that allow you to participate whenever you choose, the live classes allow for interaction and professional oversight. Online or on-demand fitness classes are similar to the one-way classes offered via recording on a videotape or DVD.

RELATED: 6 Simple Yoga Poses for Psoriatic Arthritis

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), loneliness affects more than one-third of adults age 45 and and up and nearly one-fourth of adults age 65 and older. (Obviously, the COVID-19 pandemic made human connection vastly more difficult.) There are many health risks associated with social isolation, including dementia, mental health issues, and premature death.

A study published in June 2017 inQuality in Ageing and Older Adults found a strong connection between social isolation and loneliness and chronic musculoskeletal diseases. To work on that, the HSS research team built a social component into their exercise programs. We made sure our classes were structured to increase interactions with others. We promoted a dialogue before the class began so people could talk and catch up with each other. They said it helped promote social connections, says Titilayo Ologhobo, MPH, the director of outcomes and data analytics at HSS and the new studys author.

RELATED: Tai Chi Might Help Reduce Belly Fat in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

The team did not collect data comparing virtual and in-person classes, but the feedback they received was that people enjoyed the virtual program because of the time flexibility and the convenience of working out at home. Other barriers to exercise known to challenge people with arthritis and other conditions are physical accessibility, travel conditions, and pain with movement. Research published in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Journal found that people with osteoarthritis experienced the following obstacles to exercising regularly at in-person classes.

Ologhobo stresses that you shouldnt start any new exercise regimen before consulting with your healthcare provider. Your doctor can help you assess whether a given program is appropriate for your level of fitness and health. If you have moderate or severe disease, you may want to check in with a physical therapist who can evaluate the safety and efficacy of a given program for you and suggest specific resources. Here are some virtual sites that offer gentle exercise. Consider a trial class or trial membership before you make a financial commitment. If none of these work for you, ask your healthcare provider or physical therapist for suggestions.

The takeaway for rheumatologists and others who care for people with painful musculoskeletal conditions appears to be to encourage participation in these types of classes. Amid the uncertainties caused by the pandemic, shifting to virtual programming provided older adults with musculoskeletal conditions continued access to effective community programs and reduced the negative impact of isolation. Implementation of virtual online exercise programs can be successful when assessing the needs of your target audience, considering potential barriers to program participation, and tailoring virtual programs to meet patients specific needs, Ologhobo said in a press release.

RELATED:How Fitness Helps You Manage Chronic Disease

Continued here:
Livestreaming Fitness Classes Can Improve Pain, Joint Stiffness, and Fatigue - Everyday Health

There are also a number of factors which might make inflammation and pain worse. The main goals of arthritis treatments are to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Arthritis or other similar conditions that affect the joints, impacts more than 10 million people in the UK. People of all ages can suffer from the health issue, including children, though there are some modifiable risk factors that may help stave off the condition.

Arthritis is not a single disease, but instead a way of referring to joint pain or joint disease. There are more than 100 types of arthritis and related conditions.

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most common types of arthritis.

Currently, the NHS notes that there is no cure for arthritis, but there are many treatments that can help slow it down.

There are also a number of factors that can increase your risk of developing the condition. If you have arthritis, your joints will most likely feel stiff and be hard to move, you may also find that the area around your joints may feel warm, look red or puffy.

READ MORE:The common mistake people make when showering that can be 'harmful' - pharmacist's warning

University Health says that incorporating foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, protein and fibre into your diet, may help reduce joint pain and inflammation.

Some foods can actually trigger inflammation, so if you have an arthritis diagnosis it may be worth cutting these down in yourdiet.

Itadds: On the other hand, there are certain foods you may want to avoid. Processed foods, food with added sugars and red meats may cause inflammation.

It suggests avoiding ice cream, fast food, cakes, bread and biscuits, as well as beef and pork.

DON'T MISS:

If you notice symptoms or are concerned about arthritis it is important to speak to your GP.

The NHS encourages those living with arthritis to eat a healthy and balanced diet and maintain a healthy weight.

They explain diets should consist of a variety of foods from all five food groups. These are fruit and vegetables, starchy foods, and meat, fish, eggs and beans.

The health body adds that you should include milk and dairy foods, and foods containing fat and sugar.

"Finding out whats causing your pain is key to finding the right treatment and self-help options, says Versus Arthritis (VA).

As well as causing pain and stiffness, inflammation can cause permanent damage to a joint, so starting effective treatment early on can help to minimise damage.

Its important to see a doctor if you get any new symptoms or if you have any trouble with drugs youre taking, VA adds.

Treatment for most arthritis aims to slow the condition's progress and minimise joint inflammation.

Read more from the original source:
Arthritis: Three of the 'worst foods' for causing inflammation - 'you may want to avoid' - Daily Express

Ayurvedic diet  |  Photo Credit: iStock Images

When you have arthritis, your body is already in an inflammatory state. One is battling pain and other symptoms that if left unattended can cause other chronic conditions such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes. Here's what Ayurveda says about pro-inflammatory foods and things to avoid.

The name for Rheumatoid Arthritis in Ayurvedic texts is "Amavata". Ayurvedic texts prescribe specific diet and treatment procedures such as Virechanakarma.

As per a study that is published in the Journal of Research in Ayurveda, Amavata is a disease in which vitiation of Vata Dosha and accumulation of Ama take place in joint(s), and it simulates rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in modern parlance. Shamana (conservative) and Shodhana (biological purification of the body) treatments are advised in Ayurveda whereas anti-inflammatory, analgesics, steroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are required for its management as per modern medicine, which is not free from side effects.

The study cites the case of a lady patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis. "As the patient did not get any relief with Shamana Chikitsa (ayurvedic or modern medicinal treatment), it was decided to go for Shodhana Chikitsa (Panchakarma). The patient underwent Virechanakarma (therapeutic purgation) as per indication mentioned in the classics of Ayurveda."

After a follow-up of 1 year, the patient was found free from almost all signs and symptoms of Amavata. The quality of life was improved significantly and the patient was enjoying a normal healthy life with no exacerbation.

Asper a report in PlanetAyurveda.com, along with the medicines, the patient must also observe pathya (dos and don't) to help the healing process.

What to eat and what to banish from your platter?

Planet Ayurveda prescribes the following dos and don'ts where diet is concerned.

Cereals to consume: Quinoa, buckwheat, brown rice, oats, little millet, corn, Kamut, wheatCereals to avoid: Barley, Rye, White rice

Fruits to consume: Apple, Banana, Cherry, Avocado, Peaches, pear, pomegranate, Sapodilla, apricot, blueberry, amlaFruits to be avoided: All citrus fruits like lemon, oranges, sweet lemon, etc, strawberry, mango, kiwi

Vegetables to be consumed: Ridge gourd, pumpkin, spinach, potato, drumstick, carrot, broccoli, onion, ginger, beetroot, bitter gourd, round gourd, mushroom, bottle gourd, kale zucchini, turnips, beans.Vegetables to avoid: Tomatoes, eggplant or brinjal, radish

Pulses to consume: All pulses and legumesPulses to avoid: None but limit the use of Black gram/kidney beans

Dairy products to consume: Occasionally or limited intake of ghee, skimmed milk (by adding turmeric) and low-fat yoghurtDairy products to avoid: All the other milk products

Oils to be consumed: Sunflower oil, ghee, olive oil, mustard oil, rice bran oilOil to avoid: Canola oil, Palm oil, coconut oil

Ayurveda bans all stale food, bakery products, fried foods, pickles, refined sugar, vinegar, packaged food, processed and junk foods, says PlanetAyurveda.com. It also cites Ayurvedic texts that layimportance upon weightloss to beat arthritis. Yoga and massage as well as pranayam are stressed upon. Avoid spices, stress, and drinking at least 8-10 glasses of water, says Planet Ayurveda.

View post:
Foods that can worsen arthritis symptoms: Listen to Ayurveda-prescribed dos and don'ts - Times Now

Lisa Hilinski| Special to the Erie Times-News

With just 10 minutes of exercise a day, you can slow pains of aging

Apparently less than 10 minutes of walking a day may keep arthritis away. Buzz60's Maria Mercedes Galuppo has more.

Buzz60

As colder weather arrives, many arthritic patients are convinced the lower temperatures and varying barometric pressures can increase their pain.

Having more than a decade of experience training clients with arthritis, I find this to be true.

With that said, scientists have yet to provide actual evidence that lower temperatures or varying humidity make arthritis worse. Yet, they seem to believe their patients on some levelbecause the connectionbetween weather and arthritis has been studied a lot.

If youre someone whosearthritis tends to ignite at this time of year, here are some things we can tell you about your condition:

While everyone isunique, the consensus is that arthritis symptoms lessen with various types of movement. Positive outcomes have been shown with flexibility training andstrength training, as well as cardiovascular training.

Lisa Hilinski: Exercise can increase productivity at the workplace with happier, healthier employees

The worst thing you can do as someone with arthritis is sit around. While this holds true for any population, its particularly true for those with arthritis.

Sitting creates stiff joints, which results in more pain when its time to move around. You want to create more blood flow to your joints and keep those joints happy.

Regular exercise will be valuable for those with arthritis, but you dont need to be super structured.

Some days youre going to wake up feeling like a million bucks, and other days youll wake up feeling like a truck hit you. Its important to read your body and do what its telling you.

More Lisa Hilinski: Train your body to go in all directions to avoid injury, losing range of motion

On the days when youre feeling your worst, do something low impact, like general cardiovascular training. On the days when your body is feeling good, do some lower-impact strength training.

Use some lighter dumbbells and resistance bands, and give yourself a full body workout.

Flexibility training can be done every day and should be performed both statically and dynamically.

Overall, move your body to keep it happy this winter,and let your body tell you what it needs.

Lisa Hilinski is owner of Premier Personal Training.

View original post here:
Lisa Hilinski: What to know about effects on arthritis as colder temperatures arrive - GoErie.com

There are many simple lifestyle changes you can make to help manage arthritis. Could this herbal tea reduce inflammation and help with painful joints?

Arthritis is a very common condition caused by swelling around your joints and damage to the cartilage that keeps your joints moving.

The most common type of arthritis in the UK is osteoarthritis, which is most common in people over the age of 40, and most prevalent in women.

If you suspect you might have arthritis, its best to speak to your GP about possible treatments available for you.

Changes to your diet, such as cutting out foods known to cause inflammation, and eating more foods with anti-inflammatory properties, are often recommended to people with arthritis.

Some people with arthritis will also be advised to lose weight or maintain a healthy body weight, as being heavier can put more strain on your joints.

Could this 13p tea help to reduce arthritis pain?

READ MORE:Pfizer booster shot: Expect 'arthralgias' to be likely

The evidence available at the moment has focused on studies where participants take a more concentrated rosehip extract.

However, if you prefer to drink rosehip tea you can pick up a bag of 20 teabags for just 2.59 from Holland & Barrett.

Alternatively, you can try brewing your own dried rosehips in boiling water.

View post:
Arthritis diet: The 13p tea to reduce painful symptoms of arthritis - Express

Arthritis is a painful and debilitating condition that affects many millions of people in the UK.

While there is medication to help control the pain there are also many simple lifestyle and dietary changes that can help to manage it.

One natural remedy is contained in a very cheap and tasty herbal tea that could help ease joint pain, the Express reports.

Read more Coventry news

Arthritis is caused by swelling around the joints and damage to the cartilage that keeps joints moving.

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the UK.

It tends to affect people over the age of 40 and women in particular.

Anyone who feels they may have arthritis os advised to speak to their GP about possible treatments available.

But dietary changes and cutting out foods known to cause inflammation, as well as eating more foods with anti-inflammatory properties, are often recommended.

People who suffer from the condition may also be advised to lose weight as being heavier can put more strain on your joints.

So, could a 13p tea help to reduce arthritis pain?

Rosehip tea is a herbal tea made from the rose plant and has a floral but tart taste.

Rosehip was used by ancient civilisations as a natural remedy for many conditions, ranging from toothache to rabies.

Today rosehip extract is linked to many health benefits, including boosting the immune system, reducing inflammation and improving heart health.

Is it something that can help people manage arthritis?

Rosehip contains two substances believed to reduce joint inflammation and pain - polyphenols and anthocyanins.

Polyphenols are compounds found in plants and plant-based foods that are high in antioxidants.

Anthocyanins are a type of antioxidant known for their purple colour. It is the substance which gives blueberries, aubergines, red cabbages and blackberries their vibrant colours.

Rosehip is also high in vitamin C, which is noted for its antioxidant properties, as well as boosting the functioning of the immune system.

Research has been carried out on rosehips healthy properties.

One four-month study of 100 people with osteoarthritis, found taking five grams of rosehip extract every day, saw reduced pain for 65 per cent of those who took part.

Studies have also noted rosehip can have a positive effect on weight loss, which can help manage joint pain and arthritis.

A cup of rosehip tea is just three calories, so it makes for a great low-calorie alternative to sugary drinks. It is also caffeine free.

The evidence that is currently available as to its benefits has focused on studies where participants take a more concentrated rosehip extract.

But rosehip tea is a very cheap and easily available alternative.

You can pick up a bag of 20 teabags from Holland & Barrett for just 2.59.

If youre adventurous you could even try making some yourself by brewing your own dried rosehips in boiling water.

Keep up with the latest news with our email alerts directly to your inbox. Sign up here.

View original post here:
The 13p herbal tea that could help ease the pain caused by arthritis - Coventry Live

Excruciating arthritis symptoms can be decreased with this simple but powerful tea from South Asia.

Over 10 million people in the UK suffer from arthritis, a condition that can affect those of all ages.

Arthritis is a common health condition which causes chronic pain in your joints. It damages joints, bones and can impact other body parts depending on the type.

Osteoarthritis is the most common variant of the condition, accounting for 9 million cases and usually, but not exclusively, develops after the age of 40.

It initially affects the smooth cartilage lining of the joint, then once the cartilage lining starts to roughen and thin out, the tendons and ligaments have to work harder causing excruciating pain.

There are two types of arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid. While osteoarthritis is caused by day-to-day wear-and-tear, rheumatoid arthritis is when your body's immune system attacks the joint capsule, which houses all parts of the joint responsible for seamless movement.

The attacks can eventually result in the cartilage being totally destroyed, leaving the sufferer with painful bone-on-bone movement.

Inflammation in the body can make symptoms of both types significantly worse, but drinking this tea could significantly lessen your pain.

In a study published on the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, it found that an active compound in turmeric, called curcumin, was effective in reducing pain in patients with osteoarthritis.

Not only this, but they found patients experienced no side effects after drinking the tea.

Though it can't restore joints and cartilage to pre-arthritis condition, it reduces swelling responsible for much of the pain associated with the condition.

Turmeric tea has also been shown to relieve period pains of women, relaxing blood vessels around the uterus.

The active ingredient that reduces swelling in turmeric, curcumin, makes up only 3-5 percent of the spice. Therefore, those looking for a higher dose are recommend to take a daily curcumin supplement of 200 to 1000mg, that contains 95 percent curcuminoids.

Turmeric has long been used in South and South East Asian cooking and medicine. Numerous studies are underway exploring its medical potential in the West.

The NHS highlights these main signs as symptoms of arthritis:

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider.

Read more:
Arthritis: Experts hail powerful Asian tea that can dramatically decrease pain - Birmingham Live

TUESDAY, Nov. 2, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- Air pollution is associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease severity, according to a study published in the October issue of Rheumatology.

Giovanni Adami, M.D., Ph.D., from the University of Verona in Italy, and colleagues collected longitudinal data of patients affected by RA and the daily concentrations of air pollutants in the Verona area to examine the correlation between RA flares and air pollution in a case-crossover study. Exposure to pollutants was compared in the 30- and 60-day periods preceding an arthritic flare relative to the 30- and 60-day exposure preceding a low-disease activity visit.

Data were included for 888 RA patients with 3,396 follow-up visits. The researchers identified an exposure-response relationship between air pollutant concentration and the risk for having abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The risk for having CRP levels 5 mg/L were increased for patients exposed to higher concentrations of air pollutants. In the 60-day period preceding a flare, concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 m or less, and ozone were higher.

"The excessive risk was seen even at very low levels of exposure, even below the proposed threshold for the protection of human health," the authors write. "Our study has important and direct consequences. In order to reduce the burden of RA, public and environmental health policy makers should aim to diminish gaseous and particulate matter emissions to a larger extent than currently recommended."

Abstract/Full Text

Visit link:
Air Pollution Linked to Increased Rheumatoid Arthritis Severity - HealthDay News

Two kidney transplant patients who received a stem cell therapy developed by Talaris Therapeutics were able to come off all immunosuppressant drugs within a year, without any evidence of graft rejection.

The first findings from Talaris phase 3 trial of the cell therapy called FCR001 suggest it may be possible to eliminate the need entirely for patients to take what may be dozens of tablets daily after organ transplants, according to the US biotech.

While still preliminary, the experience with the two patients back up Talaris hope that giving a one-shot dose of FCR001 the day after an organ transplant could stimulate immune tolerance in the recipient, and avoid the side effects of current drug treatments such as infections, heart disease, and some forms of cancer.

The companys approach relies on administering haematopoietic stem cells from the individual who donated the organ, in order to generate what Talaris refers to as chimerism, with both donor and recipient cells present in the bone marrow. That allows the immune system to see the transplanted organ as self rather than foreign.

The first two recipients in Talaris FREEDOM-1 phase 3 trial had received FCR001 at least 12 months earlier, and showed stable kidney function, according to Talaris.

A larger group of five patients who were at least three months from the cell therapy maintained more than 50% chimerism in their T cells, which the biotech said was a sign of long-term, immunosuppression-free tolerance to the donated kidney in its phase 2 trials.

The FREEDOM-1 results reported at the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) meeting this week were accompanied by updated results from Talaris phase 2 study, in which all 26 patients originally weaned off immunosuppressants have continued to remain off them without rejecting their donated kidney.

Some transplant patients treated with Talaris therapy in earlier trials have now been off all immunosuppression for more than 12 years without signs of kidney rejection.

Talaris intends to enrol 120 subjects into the phase 3 trial, which is scheduled to generate results in 2023.

Earlier this year, Talaris raised $150 million via a Nasdaq listing that will be used to take FCR001 through the phase 3 programme in organ transplantation and as a treatment for rare autoimmune disease scleroderma.

It also recently started a phase 2 trial of the cell therapy to see if it is able to induce immune tolerance to a transplanted kidney in patients who received the transplant from a living donor up to a year prior to administration of FCR001.

Read the original post:
Talaris therapy ends need for immune drugs in transplant patients - - pharmaphorum

Most Americans understand the importance of maintaining a healthy regimen that includes a nutrient-dense diet, exercise at least several times a week, and self-care activities to de-stress. But in addition to that being good for a healthy weight and clear skin, and preventative for long-term health issues from cancer to diabetes, taking care of ourselves has the added benefit of boosting our immune systems to ward off everything from the common cold to the fluor at least help our bodies to fight illness when we get sick.

Our immune systems help to keep bacteria, toxins, and viruses at bay, and prevent us from getting sick from the diseases they cause. Immune systems further help remove unhealthy or infectious cells from our bodies and regulate the body's responses to otherwise harmless activity (whether food or our own bodies).

Theres no silver bullet for preventing or fighting disease, but its as good a time as any to discuss natural ways to keep our immune systems high-functioning.

To that end, Stackerscoured health studies, expert medical advice, nutrition facts, and recent headlines to deliver 25 natural ways to boost your immune system. The gallery includes interesting factsdid you know your body cant produce vitamin C on its own?and guidelines for optimizing your water intake and figuring out which foods function as the strongest antioxidants. Keep reading to learn more about 25 ways to naturally boost your immune system.

You may also like: States where the most people live in maternal health care deserts

Read the rest here:
25 natural ways to boost your immune system | Around The Web | laconiadailysun.com - The Laconia Daily Sun

Stanford biologists found that ovarian cancer cells evade the immune system by signaling that they are part of a developing fetus, according to an August research study published in Cell Reports.

Lead researcher and assistant professor of urology at Stanford Medicine Wendy Fantl and her team researched and sorted cells present within ovarian cancer tumors to understand the mechanism behind the quick growth of these tumors.

Close to 90% of ovarian cancer patients will survive for no more than five years, according to co-author and urology postdoctoral scholar Antonio Delgado-Gonzalez, who is part of the Fantl Lab. Delgado-Gonzalez also said that ovarian tumors typically present asymptomatically, making them difficult to detect early on.

This is a disease in great need of new effective treatments, Fantl said. While women may initially respond to treatments such as chemotherapy, most of them will relapse so we really wanted to understand what was going on.

Fantl and her research team analyzed over 800,000 cancer cells in 17 patients who had been newly diagnosed with ovarian cancer. They used a new technique called CyTOF developed by the lab of microbiology and immunology professor Garry Nolan. CyTOF makes it possible to analyze each intact cell as opposed to groups of similar cells, which allows the researchers to identify rarer subsets of cells. Each cell was sorted into a different category based on which proteins it expressed.

If you think about the tumor itself, it is a very complex tissue. You are going to find cells that give rise to the tumor, the resident immune cells and more, co-author and microbiology instructor Ermenlinda Porpiglia said. This single-cell analysis, or CyTOF, allows you to identify individual cell types. Resident immune cells refer to cells from the patients immune system.

Some of the cells in the immune systems line of defense, termed natural killer cells, typically recognize anything foreign within the body and proceed to kill it, according to co-author and Stanford pathology instructor Kevin Kolahi. A developing fetus would be viewed as a foreign object if this line of defense was not suppressed.

However, decidual natural killer cells contain a unique marker.

These [decidual] natural killer cells create an environment that is suppressive so the mother immune system does not attack the fetal immune system, Kolahi said.

Ovarian cancers exploit this mechanism. Researchers found a high number of cancer cells with a protein called CD9 present on their surface within the tumor, similar to the decidual natural killer cells that arise during a pregnancy. The cancer cells transfer CD9 to the natural killer cells within the body through a process called trogocytosis. This suppresses the immune response of the natural killer cells similar to how immune response is mediated when mothers have a developing fetus.

The tumor cells can continue to grow and form more aggressive tumors by evading the immune system.

With natural cells becoming less effective, the immunotherapy itself can become less effective, Porpiglia said.

These findings have important implications for the potential development of new forms of immunotherapy and possible screening tools. Fantl has procured another grant to continue her work. She will work with a collaborator in Milan, Italy to determine if detection of natural killer cells with CD9 is possible in earlier stages of ovarian cancers.

The work has definitely spawned many avenues for further research, and Im excited about that and for more mechanisms of immunotherapy to be discovered, Fantl said.

Read the original here:
Stanford study discovers how ovarian tumors avoid detection by the immune system - The Stanford Daily

People who already have had COVID-19 may have more reason to get vaccinated, with new findings suggesting that vaccination after infection can boost protection.

Under viral threat, the body first uses B cells to make antibodies against the invader, a process that can take up to 2 weeks. The immune system simultaneously creates memory B cells that can recognize the virus if it reappears and rapidly mounts a powerful secondary response.

In a series of shots, the first dose triggers the primary response. The follow-up doses activate the memory B cells, strengthening defenses against the pathogen.

These new results, published in Cell Reports , show that a SARS-CoV-2 infection, like a first vaccine dose, will elicit the primary response, as expected.

The researchers also found that a vaccine after the infection can set off the secondary memory B cell response, enhancing immune protection for those who already have had COVID-19. In fact, this secondary reaction exceeded responses after two vaccine doses in those with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The findings suggest that vaccination is particularly valuable for people who have already had COVID-19, ensuring a robust immune reaction if the virus finds them again.

Sources:

Cell Reports: "High-affinity memory B cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection produce more plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells than those primed by mRNA vaccines.

Wiley Online Library: Immune Responses: Primary and Secondary."

More:
Vaccine After COVID-19 Infection Boosts Immune Response: Study - Medscape

For David Gate, one of the first real litmus tests of whether a research career was for him came while dissecting retinas as a premed student studying psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Working in the eye biology lab didnt really capture his imagination, and parts of the work were tedious, but Gate says that despite that, he loved the processthe basic work of doing experiments. I quickly became a lab rat all day and night, and was soon dissecting retinas better than anyone in the lab, Gate tells The Scientist.

After graduating in 2007, Gate went on to work as a lab technician with immunologist and Alzheimers disease researcher Terrence Town at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles. The connection between the brain and the immune system intrigued Gate, and he decided to pursue a PhD in brain sciences in Towns lab at the University of Southern California, studying the role of the immune system in pediatric brain cancer. But it was as a postdoc working in the lab of neuroscientist Tony Wyss-Coray at Stanford University that Gate would make his biggest impact yet.

The main focus of his research was brain rejuvenation, but on weekends, Gate was working a side project using patients blood samples to identify links between the immune system and Alzheimers disease. After months of collecting data on the levels of different immune cell types in the blood to see if there were any changes associated with the disease, Gate approached Wyss-Coray and made a proposal: that Gate stop his brain rejuvenation work and focus on his Alzheimers research full time.

I think that took quite a bit of courage, says Andrew C. Yang, a friend and former Stanford labmate of Gates who is now starting a lab studying the blood-brain barrier at the University of California, San Francisco. While everyones accounts of the lab paint a convivial picture, starting a whole new project is not without risk. These experiments are not cheap, says Yang. He puts his reputation on the line with Tony when he says, Hey, lets go fund it. Lets do it. It takes a certain type of vision.

Wyss-Coray, it turned out, was on board. But he and Gate wanted a way to look for immune changes in the brain, as opposed to just the blood. Gate suggested they look at cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF immune system is more specialized and is quite different from the blood in the composition of cell types, Gate explains. Since Alzheimers is a brain disease, it made sense to look at the brains immune system via the CSF.

For years, researchers had been administering a highly accurate diagnostic test for Alzheimers that measures protein hallmarks of the disease in CSF collected via a spinal tap. In conducting this test, researchers take a sample of CSF and use a centrifuge to separate the liquid from the solids, which contain the cells. The liquid portion is then tested, while the solid portion is generally discarded. Gate realized that he could use that cell portion.

Their early findings were intriguing, and more than that, seemed to be something really novel, says Gate.The results showed elevated levels of a particular type of immune cell called CD8+ T cells in the blood and CSF of Alzheimers patients, as well as in the postmortem brains of people with the disease. Whats more, some of these T cells had rapidly proliferated in a process known as clonal expansion, which happens when they encounter a pathogen, and some of those clonally expanded T cells carried sequences encoding receptors that target a common human herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

The pair submitted a paper to Nature. While it was initially rejected, the feedback and requests for more information they got steered them in the right direction, says Gate, and the study was published in the journal in 2020. Meanwhile, Gate, Wyss-Coray, and colleagues filed a patent application based on their methods for measuring T cell markers associated with Alzheimers disease.

Gate and Wyss-Coray cautioned in the paper that there isnt yet enough evidence to draw a causal link between EBV and Alzheimersthat is, it's unclear if EBV could make a person more susceptible to this disease or exacerbate cognitive decline. Indeed, researchers have previously published conflicting evidence of possible connections between the two.

Nevertheless, the realization that the state of the immune cells in the spinal fluid could be linked to Alzheimers was significant, says Wyss-Coray. It led to a really great discovery and, I think, a shift in technology and how people look at the immune system in the brain. Now, all around the world, people are looking at the solid portion of these test samples in a new way, Wyss-Coray adds. Before Davids paper, almost everybody just sort of threw the thing away.

Gate started his own lab at Northwestern University in September of this year and plans to continue studying the intersection between the immune system and neurodegenerative disease.

Were really excited to have him, says Robert Vassar, the scientific director of behavioral neurology at Northwestern, who recruited Gate, adding that many people at Northwestern are interested in collaborating with their new colleague. Hes going to be rising quickly and really making a huge impact, I think, on the field.

Continue reading here:
David Gate Probes Links Between Alzheimers and the Immune System - The Scientist

This article was originally published here

Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Nov 2:102094. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102094. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure which if left untreated, can lead to poor quality of life and ultimately death. It is a group of conditions and includes idiopathic PAH, familial/hereditary PAH and associated PAH. The condition has been studied for many years and its association with the immune system and in particular autoimmunity has been investigated. The mechanisms for the pathobiology of PAH are unclear although research has highlighted the role of adaptive and innate immune systems in its development. Diagnostics and therapeutic approaches range from cytokine treatments to the use of immunomodulating drugs, although there is still scope for improvements in the field. This article discusses the mechanisms linked to PAH, its association with other conditions and recent therapeutic interventions.

PMID:34740751 | DOI:10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102094

Originally posted here:
The roles of immune system and autoimmunity in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A Review - DocWire News

When the debilitating effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) come on, it tends to happen in the same joints that have previously been stiff, swollen, or in pain before and that remains the case even if there's a long time between each flare-up.

According to new research conducted on mice, this could be because our immune system keeps a record of these past afflictions, creating a personalized disease pattern in each individual. Understanding more about how and why this happens could open up new opportunities for treating the disorder.

This latest study zooms in on the T cells in mice's bodies, white blood cells that are key to the immune system. In particular, the T cells in the synovium the tissue lining the inside of the capsule around each joint appear to hold a memory of previous RA problems.

"Overwhelmingly, flares occur in a previously involved joint," says immunologist Peter Nigrovicfrom Boston Children's Hospital. "Something in that joint seems to remember, 'this is the joint that flared before'."

"We showed that these T cells anchor themselves in the joints and stick around indefinitely after the flare is over, waiting for another trigger. If you delete these cells, arthritis flares stop."

This was demonstrated through two mouse models using chemical triggers to cause joint inflammation and one mouse model using a genetic trigger to generate the same effect: The researchers removed a protein that blocked the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1.

These triggers caused T cells to rally other cells to the immunity cause, leading to arthritis flare-ups in specific joints in the mice. When these T cells were taken out, additional inflammation was prevented. These T cells don't move between joints and take up "long-term residency" where they are, the researchers say, ready to be reactivated again.

The approach taken here was actually inspired by skin studies. T cells with a form of memory are known to reside in the skin, leading to repeating patterns in skin problems such as psoriasis. It also happens with reactions to nickel in jewelry or wristwatches.

"A person reacting to nickel through a belt buckle may also develop a rash on their wrist, where they wore a nickel-containing watch as a child," says Nigrovic.

The team thinks that other types of autoimmune arthritis could work in the same way, which could lead to better treatments and approaches to these issues. The next step is to confirm that the same process happens in humans and find out ways to target it.

It's possible that other mechanisms are also playing a part in this RA memory retention, the researchers say it could be that T cells are the main cause in some cases but not others. That's something that further studies in the future should be able to analyze.

With millions of people affected by rheumatoid arthritis across the world, any kind of alleviation of pain or management of symptoms is going to be welcome. The good news is that scientists are constantly discovering more about how the disorder operates.

"Right now, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has to continue lifelong," says Nigrovic. "Although we can successfully suppress disease activity in many patients, there is no cure. We think our findings may open up new therapeutic avenues."

The research has been published in Cell Reports.

The rest is here:
Thanks to Mice, We May Know Why Arthritis Keeps Flaring Up in The Same Joints - ScienceAlert

CLEVELAND Weve heard many questions come up in the last several months about natural immunity and whether its enough to protect those who have it from COVID-19, in lieu of a vaccine.

The topic came up last month at the Ohio Statehouse, where some lawmakers tried to get natural immunity added as an exemption to vaccine mandates.

Dr. Mark Cameron, a disease immunologist at Case Western Reserve University, spoke with News 5 on Friday to answer questions about natural immunity, vaccine-mediated immunity and what all of this means for individuals and their physicians.

Cameron said the number of new COVID-19 daily cases in Ohio has been coming down for a while.

We're winning the skirmishes, I would say, against this virus at the moment. But are we winning the war ultimately? Cameron said, noting that flu season coming up poses additional complications.

He started with some definitions of phrases weve all heard thrown around.

Natural immunity refers to being infected with COVID-19 and going through the disease process and clearing the virus, gaining a level of immunity over it, Cameron said. Also in the short term, we don't know how long with COVID-19, being immune to reinfection for a certain length of time.

A natural infection and gaining immunity to COVID-19 by having it before certainly provides your immune system with enough instruction, enough education to avoid reinfection with COVID-19 again, he added.

All of this is different from (but works the same as) vaccine-mediated immunity, where you gain that immunity through the shot, through the vaccine.

Cameron said there is a similar mechanism for your body between natural immunity and immunity gained by the vaccine, even though youre getting it a different way.

This is a means of preventing reinfection through neutralizing antibody levels to the spike protein, and that blocks, as long as they're present and you know, plentiful enough, that blocks the virus from getting back into your cells and making you sick, Cameron said.

The standard test by which to check levels of someones antibodies to anything (a viral infection, a vaccine, etc.) is to do a titer check, where they actually test levels of antibodies against a given infectious agent.

With COVID-19, Cameron said, since there could be a natural infection from other types of coronaviruses, those antibody tests may not be entirely clear.

Even if we can be very specific to the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, we don't yet know what the particular levels are required to be successful in blocking it in the future, Cameron said. It varies very greatly between individuals, and it also varies over time as we are coming fully to grip now in this idea of waning immunity.

Waning immunity, Cameron cautioned, doesnt mean your immune system cant reboot and help you recover from reinfection by COVID-19. But he said COVID-19 is very good at getting in and getting ahead of our immune system and infecting us, so we need high levels of neutralizing antibodies so that the virus barely gets a chance to enter our cells.

OK so there are a lot of questions to which we still dont have answers. Such as, if someone has already had COVID-19, whats the long-term risk of getting it again? Or, if theyre vaccinated and get a breakthrough case, can we say if their immune system responded to the vaccine in the first place?

However we gain immunity to COVID-19, our immunity drops over time. That really is dependent on that neutralizing antibody level and whether we got COVID-19, whether we had the full vaccine regimen, whether we had both conditions, we will need a boost as well over time, Cameron said.

He emphasized it is hard to come up with a common piece of advice that covers everyone.

I certainly understand those concerns and really that comes down to yourself and your physician, Cameron said. There may be very good reason, you know, in consulting with your doctor why you wouldn't get a boost now or you wouldn't get the vaccine right now if you indeed didn't have it, you know, in the past. And that could be because you had COVID-19 very recently. It could be that you're sick with another infectious disease and your immune system is already activated. Or it can be the opposite where somebody is immunosuppressed or they are on cancer treatments and other type of therapies where your immune system is essentially kicked when it's down.

All of these, he said, are important considerations to take up with ones doctor. However, he was clear that the overall science supports getting a vaccine even if you have natural immunity from COVID-19 already.

Natural infection by COVID is is certainly not a safe way to gain immunity to this virus. And really, I would say that risking reinfection isn't either, he said.

He added, We are more prepared than ever to clear this infection or at least stop it from hurting and killing us like it has in the past.

Download the News 5 app for free to easily access local coronavirus coverage, and to receive timely and limited news alerts on major COVID-19 developments. Download now on your Apple device here, and your Android device here.

See complete coverage on our Coronavirus Continuing Coverage page.

Vaccinating Ohio - Find the latest news on the COVID-19 vaccines, Ohio's phased vaccination process, a map of vaccination clinics around the state, and links to sign up for a vaccination appointment through Ohio's online portal.

See data visualizations showing the impact of coronavirus in Ohio, including county-by-county maps, charts showing the spread of the disease, and more.

Rebound Northeast Ohio News 5's initiative to help people through the financial impact of the coronavirus by offering one place to go for information on everything available to help and how to access it. We're providing resources on:

Getting Back to Work - Learn about the latest job openings, how to file for benefits and succeed in the job market.

Making Ends Meet - Find help on topics from rent to food to new belt-tightening techniques.

Managing the Stress - Feeling isolated or frustrated? Learn ways to connect with people virtually, get counseling or manage your stress.

Doing What's Right - Keep track of the way people are spending your tax dollars and treating your community.

We're Open! Northeast Ohio is place created by News 5 to open us up to new ways of thinking, new ways of gathering and new ways of supporting each other.

View a map of COVID-19 testing locations here.

Visit Ohio's Coronavirus website for the latest updates from the Ohio Department of Health.

View a global coronavirus tracker with data from Johns Hopkins University.

Go here to read the rest:
Natural vs. vaccine immunity and what a disease immunologist says about the science - News 5 Cleveland

Researchers found that Covid-19 might cause the immune system to react less strongly than expected to bacterial or other viral infections following recovery from COVID-19, but this possibility will require further clinical investigation.

Covid 19 can adversely impact the immune system

Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich researchers say that COVID-19 reduces the numbers and functional competence of certain types of immune cells in the blood.

This could affect responses to secondary infections. The findings were published in the journal PLOS Pathogens.

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causes moderate to severe disease in 3-10 per cent of those infected. In such cases, the immune system overreacts to the virus, triggering an aberrant innate immune response that is characterized by systemic inflammation, intravascular blood clotting and damage to the cardiovascular system.

A team led by immunology professor Anne Krug at LMU's Biomedical Center (BMC), which included many researchers based at the BMC and the LMU Medical Center, has carried out a comprehensive study of this phenomenon and uncovered hitherto unknown effects of the virus on the immune system.

In the journal PLOS Pathogens, they report that, following infection with SARS-CoV-2, the numbers of immune cells called dendritic cells in the circulation decline, while the functionality of the remaining fraction is impaired.

The authors believe that this could make patients more susceptible to secondary infections during, and immediately after recovery from a bout of COVID-19.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for initiating immune responses against invasive pathogens. They do so by activating helper T cells, which in turn stimulate B cells to secrete antibodies directed against the invader. Krug and her colleagues set out to determine the effects of moderate to severe coronavirus infection on this process. They analyzed blood samples obtained from 65 COVID-19 patients who had been treated at the LMU Medical Center.

They found that there were fewer DCs in these samples than in the blood of healthy controls. Furthermore, DCs isolated from the blood of patients showed a reduced ability to activate T cells.

"We had actually expected that DCs isolated from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 would activate T cells more potently than DCs obtained from healthy donors," says Krug.

"However, we discovered that, in the course of the disease, the proteins present on the surface of the DCs in patients' blood were altered in a way that made them more likely to inhibit T cell responses." In spite of this, by 15 days after diagnosis 90 per cent of these patients had generated antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and many of them had also activated a T cell response. - these responses are the hallmarks of a robust immune reaction against the virus. "So, the drop in the numbers and reduced functionality of DCs does not seem to have a negative impact on the immune response to the coronavirus itself," Krug says.

However, she is convinced that the reduced number and altered function of DCs is significant. It is conceivable that this might cause the immune system to react less strongly than expected to bacterial or other viral infections following recovery from COVID-19, but this possibility will require further clinical investigation.

What might account for the depletion of DCs in the blood and the decrease in their capacity to stimulate T cells? - Krug has several hypotheses to offer. It could in fact represent an appropriate regulatory process, she suggests. COVID-19 is often associated with vigorous inflammation reactions - so the phenomenon might be part of an attempt to downregulate inflammatory processes.

Dendritic cells might migrate from the blood into inflamed tissues, such as the lung, which could explain the fall in the numbers of DCs in the circulation. "However, we also found that the regeneration of dendritic cells is delayed," Krug points out.

The authors of the study believe that this phenomenon could weaken the ability of patients to mount effective immune responses to other pathogens during, and in the immediate aftermath of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. The team will now explore this issue further in an effort to determine whether the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on DCs play a role in long-term COVID.

(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)

See the article here:
Research Explores How Covid-19 Alters The Immune System - NDTV Doctor

Vaccines work differently for different people based on their age group. Here we have an immunologist to talk about why vaccines for kids and adults are different.

Written by Satata Karmakar | Published : November 4, 2021 11:19 AM IST

Human beings are born pretty helpless, with a lot of developing to do. And just as you must learn such skills as how to walk, so must your immune system learn to defend against infections. As time passes, your immune system matures through different stages, much the way you advanced from crawling to standing, walking, and running. This process is one of the reasons scientists study the immune response to a vaccine in different age groups, and why, for example, the COVID-19 vaccines need to be tested separately in children ages 5-11 and those 12-16.

Doctors want to use the vaccine dose that provides the best protection with the fewest side effects. And that's going to depend on how the immune system is working based on how developed it is something you can't really tell from the outside. I'm an immunologist, and here's the way I explain to my pediatric and adult patients how vaccines work in people of all different ages.

The immune maturing process starts shortly after birth. When you're born, your main immune protection comes via antibodies your mother shared through the placenta and breast milk. They provide what's called passive immunity.

Newborns' adaptive immune system the part of your immune system that will make your own antibodies isn't really up and running yet. The process gets started right away, but it can take years for the adaptive immune system to reach full maturity.

Luckily you're also born with what's called the innate immune system and it lasts throughout your life. It doesn't need to learn in order to fight off infections and promote health as the adaptive immune system does. Without the innate immune system, people would get sick a lot faster and more often.

The innate immune system starts with your skin and mucous membranes. Should any germs get past those physical barriers, it has enzymes just waiting to break down foreign organisms. Beyond that, there are specialized cells looking for anything that is not you in order to kill intruders, while other cells called phagocytes gobble up invaders. So the innate immune system is your body's first responder. It buys you a bit of time. Then your adaptive immune system comes in and joins the fight.

When you become immunized via a vaccine or infection, your adaptive immune system starts actively making antibodies of your own. They're proteins that act like suction cups and stick to viruses or bacteria to help the body get rid of the germs faster and prevent the infection from spreading. Antibodies are specialized to recognize and take down a particular intruder. The adaptive immune system can learn a new infection or recall one that it has not seen in a long time.

In the same way, an infant will learn to walk even if you don't secure the stairways and pool areas for them, your immune system can learn to squelch an invading virus without a vaccine but the chance of injury is much greater.

Vaccines work by triggering the creation of antibodies that will recognize a specific germ and work to fight it off in a safer manner than getting the infection for the first time without it.

How well a vaccine works is a combination of how many antibodies you produce in response to it, how effective they are, and the safety of the vaccine.

When researchers work to fine-tune the dosage of a vaccine for different age groups, they need to be aware of what parts of the immune system are online and what parts aren't fully active in people at each developmental stage.

This is part of the reason some vaccines such as for COVID-19 get tested and approved on different schedules for adults, teens, kids, and babies.

A number of vaccines for infants are given as a series meaning they get the same kind of shot several times over the course of a few months. A baby's adaptive immune system is prone to being forgetful or not listening at this age the same way a baby falters as it tries to stand and walk.

With each exposure, every aspect of the immune system gets stronger and better at defending against the would-be infection.

After 4 years of age and through younger adult life, your immune system tends to be more responsive and less prone to forgetting. It's not a coincidence that this is when people tend to gain most of their allergies.

For the COVID-19 Pfizer vaccine, researchers found that kids ages 5 to 11 had a similar immune and safety response at one-third the dose used for those ages 12 and up.

Scientists tend to start with patients between ages 18 and 55 years old when studying vaccines. Their adult immune systems have matured and they can be counted on to reliably report any adverse reactions.

Seeing what happens in the adult age group also helps physicians predict what might occur when a vaccine is administered to others and be on the lookout for these side effects in the younger age groups.

(With inputs from Agencies)

Follow us on

Excerpt from:
COVID-19 Vaccines For Kids And Adults: How Your Immune System Changes As You Mature, Immunologist Explains - TheHealthSite