StemCell Therapy

Public release date: 13-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Vicki Cohn vcohn@liebertpub.com 914-740-2100 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, August 13, 2012Even after being frozen for 18 years, human embryos can be thawed, grown in the laboratory, and successfully induced to produce human embryonic stem (ES) cells, which represent a valuable resource for drug screening and medical research. Prolonged embryonic cryopreservation as an alternative source of ES cells is the focus of an article in BioResearch Open Access, a new bimonthly peer-reviewed open access journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. The article is available free online at the BioResearch Open Access website.

Kamthorn Pruksananonda and coauthors from Chulalongkorn University and Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, demonstrated that ES cells derived from frozen embryos have a similar ability to differentiate into multiple cell typesa characteristic known as pluripotencyas do ES cells derived from fresh embryos. They present their findings in the article "Eighteen-Year Cryopreservation Does Not Negatively Affect the Pluripotency of Human Embryos: Evidence from Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation."

"The importance of this study is that it identifies an alternative source for generating new embryonic stem lines, using embryos that have been in long-term storage," says Editor-in-Chief Jane Taylor, PhD, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.

###

About the Journal

BioResearch Open Access is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open access journal that provides a new rapid-publication forum for a broad range of scientific topics including molecular and cellular biology, tissue engineering and biomaterials, bioengineering, regenerative medicine, stem cells, gene therapy, systems biology, genetics, biochemistry, virology, microbiology, and neuroscience. All articles are published within 4 weeks of acceptance and are fully open access and posted on PubMedCentral. All journal content is available online at the BioResearch Open Access website.

About the Publisher

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is a privately held, fully integrated media company known for establishing authoritative peer-reviewed journals in many promising areas of science and biomedical research, including Tissue Engineering, Stem Cells and Development, Human Gene Therapy and HGT Methods, and AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. Its biotechnology trade magazine, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN), was the first in its field and is today the industry's most widely read publication worldwide. A complete list of the firm's 70 journals, books, and newsmagazines is available at the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. website.

See original here:
Human embryos frozen for 18 years yield viable stem cells suitable for biomedical research

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Verastem, Inc., (VSTM) a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing drugs to treat breast and other cancers by targeting cancer stem cells, today reported financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, and also commented on certain corporate accomplishments and plans.

We made significant advances in our therapeutic programs during the second quarter, said Christoph Westphal, M.D., Ph.D., Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Verastem. The acquisition of the Phase 2-ready focal adhesion kinase inhibitors from Pfizer accelerates this key cancer stem cell-targeting program by approximately 12-18 months, and we are now positioned to initiate a potential registration study in mesothelioma next year.

Recent Accomplishments

Our significant recent accomplishments include the following:

Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) Inhibition

Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibition

Corporate

Second Quarter 2012 Financial Results

As of June 30, 2012, Verastem had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $104.3 million compared to $56.8 million on December 31, 2011.

Link:
Verastem Reports Second Quarter 2012 Financial and Corporate Results

CLEARWATER, FL--(Marketwire -08/13/12)- Biostem U.S., Corporation (HAIR) (HAIR) (Biostem, the Company) is a fully reporting public company in the stem cell regenerative medicine sciences sector. President, John Satino announced today that the Pizarro Hair Restoration Clinic in Orlando, Florida is now equipped and ready to begin offering The Biostem Method of hair re-growth using the patient's own adult cells in a minimally invasive, painless procedure. In addition, Biostem Medical Director and Trainer, Dr. Marina Pizarro is ready to offer onsite training to new Biostem affiliates.

According to Satino, "This week, Dr. Pizarro treated her first two patients using The Biostem Method of hair re-growth in her Orlando office. This paves the way for Biostem to start offering affiliate agreements throughout the country in response to the many inquiries from physicians who want to offer this transplant alternative to their patients. We are making plans to open affiliate offices in major cities soon, after which we will expand the services to rural and international locations focusing first on Europe and Asia."

As a side note, Satino stated that, "While the industry typically sees more males requesting hair transplant for hair re-growth solutions, it is interesting that the first two treatments Dr. Pizarro performed were on women. Statistics do show that women suffer hair loss in significant numbers, yet are less likely to go through the transplant procedure. The Biostem Method finally offers women as well as men, a viable and proven alternative."

About Biostem U.S. Corporation Biostem U.S., Corporation (HAIR) is a fully reporting Nevada corporation with offices in Clearwater, Florida. Biostem U.S. is a technology licensing company with proprietary technology centered on providing hair re-growth using human stem cells. The company also intends to train and license selected physicians to provide Regenerative Cellular Therapy treatments to assist the body's natural approach to healing tendons, ligaments, joints and muscle injuries by using the patient's own stem cells. Biostem U.S. is seeking to expand its operations worldwide through licensing of its proprietary technology and acquisition of existing stem cell related facilities. The company's goal is to operate in the international biotech market, focusing on the rapidly growing regenerative medicine field, using ethically sourced adult stem cells to improve the quality and longevity of life for all mankind.

The company's Board of Directors is headed by Chairman, Scott Crutchfield, who also acts as Senior Vice President of World Wide Operations for Crocs, Inc. (CROX) and includes Crocs, Inc. original member, Steve Beck.

More information on Biostem U.S., Corporation can be obtained through http://www.biostemus.com or by contacting Fox Communications Group at 310-974-6821.

See the article here:
Biostem Medical Director, Dr. Marina Pizarro Performs First Biostem Method(TM) of Hair Re-Growth Procedures at Orlando ...

By John von Radowitz, Science Correspondent, PA News

No one is immune to the human form of mad cow disease, variant CJD, new research suggests today.

Some people whose genetic make-up normally acts as a barrier against infection may ultimately develop a different and so-far unrecognised type of disease, it is claimed.

Scientists have shown that individuals with a pair of genes known as MM about a third of the population acquire vCJD relatively easily.

No one with a different paring, VV, has been known to suffer the disease.

Then in August it emerged that a patient from a mixed MV genetic group had been infected with vCJD from contaminated blood, without showing any symptoms. Just over half the population has the MV pairing.

The news sparked fears of a mad cow disease timebomb in the population, with thousands of people unwittingly carrying the brain disease on a long incubation fuse. Read more…

Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/integratedmedicine

http://www.celltherapyblog.com hosted by http://www.celltherapygroup.com

Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/CellTherapyBlog

A tiny opening exists for scientists
who failed to win approval last month of their bids for $20 million
research awards from the California stem cell agency.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

By John von Radowitz, Science Correspondent, PA News

No one is immune to the human form of mad cow disease, variant CJD, new research suggests today.

Some people whose genetic make-up normally acts as a barrier against infection may ultimately develop a different and so-far unrecognised type of disease, it is claimed.

Scientists have shown that individuals with a pair of genes known as MM about a third of the population acquire vCJD relatively easily.

No one with a different paring, VV, has been known to suffer the disease.

Then in August it emerged that a patient from a mixed MV genetic group had been infected with vCJD from contaminated blood, without showing any symptoms. Just over half the population has the MV pairing.

The news sparked fears of a mad cow disease timebomb in the population, with thousands of people unwittingly carrying the brain disease on a long incubation fuse. Read more…

Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/integratedmedicine

http://www.celltherapyblog.com hosted by http://www.celltherapygroup.com

Source:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/CellTherapyBlog

A tiny opening exists for scientists
who failed to win approval last month of their bids for $20 million
research awards from the California stem cell agency.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

While $34.7 million is a touch more than $34.5 million, that's not exactly huge quarter-over-quarter growth from Seattle Genetics' (Nasdaq: SGEN) Adcetris.

Still, investors seem to be shaking off the lackluster growth, and for good reason: Sales of Adcetris -- a drug for treating relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma -- are a very small part of the long-term success of Seattle Genetics.

The light growth seems to be the result of declining business at academic centers, where sales dropped off as patients stopped treatment because they finished their therapy cycles or had a strong enough response to undergo a stem-cell transplant.

The number of community doctors using the drug increased in the second quarter, which is good news for the sales trajectory, as most of the lymphoma patients for whom Adcetris is appropriate are seen in the community setting.

Don't expect much growth in the second half, though; management is guiding for sales of $140 million to $150 million in 2012 -- either flat or a 17% increase from the first half of the year to the second half.

Seattle Genetics lost $12.3 million on a GAAP basis in the quarter but didn't actually burn any cash. In fact, the cash, cash equivalents, and investments increased by $21.5 million during the quarter. I don't know how long investors can expect that to continue, as the biotech is still using product manufactured prior to approval.

Of course, aside from Adcetris, Seattle Genetics can bring in cash by licensing out its antibody-drug conjugate technology, which has attracted some big names, including Roche, GlaxoSmithKline (NYSE: GSK) , Pfizer (NYSE: PFE) , and Abbott Labs (NYSE: ABT) .

Internally, Seattle Genetics' future depends on expanding the use of Adcetris into frontline setting for the two lymphomas it's currently approved to treat, as well as other types of cancer. The potential there towers over the $150 million Seattle Genetics will bring in this year.

Interested in new technology? Check out the Fool's new report, "The Next Trillion Dollar Revolution." Claim your free copy by clicking here.

Visit link:
A Growth-Free Quarter -- and That's OK

Public release date: 10-Aug-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Mary Jane Gore mary.gore@duke.edu 919-660-1309 Duke University Medical Center

DURHAM, N.C.-- Duke researchers may have found a promising stem cell therapy for preventing osteoarthritis after a joint injury.

Injuring a joint greatly raises the odds of getting a form of osteoarthritis called post-traumatic arthritis, or PTA. There are no therapies yet that modify or slow the progression of arthritis after injury.

Researchers at Duke University Health System have found a very promising therapeutic approach to PTA using a type of stem cell, called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in mice with fractures that typically would lead to them developing arthritis. Their findings could lead to a therapy that would be used after joint injury and before signs of significant osteoarthritis.

The scientists thought the stem cells would work to prevent PTA by altering the balance of inflammation and regeneration in knee joints, because these stem cells have beneficial properties in other regions of the body.

"The stem cells were able to prevent post-traumatic arthritis," said Farshid Guilak, Ph.D., director of orthopaedic research at Duke and senior author of the study.

The study was published on August 10 in Cell Transplantation.

The researchers also thought that a type of mice bred for their super-healing properties would probably fare better than typical mice, but they were wrong.

"We decided to investigate two therapies for the study, said lead author Brian Diekman, Ph.D., a postdoctoral researcher in the Guilak lab. "We thought that stem cells from so-called superhealer mice would be superior at providing protection, and instead, we found that they were no better than stem cells from typical mice. We thought that maybe it would take stem cells from superhealers to gain an effect as strong as preventing arthritis after a fracture, but we were surprised and excited to learn that regular stem cells work just as well."

See the original post:
Stem cells may prevent post-injury arthritis

Figure 1: iPSCs cultivated atop a 'feeder' layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (top left) maintain expression of a fluorescent pluripotency marker (top right; green). However, these cells also thrive (bottom left) and maintain their pluripotency (bottom right) when grown on a glutaraldehyde-fixed feeder cell layer. Image reproduced under the terms of the CCAL, with copyright shared by Yue et al

Stem cells are renowned for their capacity to develop into a wide range of mature cell types but they cannot maintain this flexibility on their own. In the body, neighboring cells help maintain this pluripotent state. But to grow these cells in culture, scientists have had to devise a variety of specialized techniques.

This is especially true for embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are ESC-like cells derived from adult tissue. To preserve their pluripotency, these cells have typically been grown atop a supporting layer of feeder cells. Now, a strategy developed by a team led by Yoshihiro Ito at the RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, promises to make ESC and iPSC cultivation considerably easier.

Feeder cells provide valuable growth factors for stem cells but also make culture complicated and create opportunities for contaminationan especially serious concern for clinical applications. Early attempts to isolate the key features of feeder cells have fallen short. It was difficult to culture stem cells on growth-factor immobilized substrates, says Ito. Feeder cells provide a complex microenvironment that cannot simply be replaced with one or several growth factors.

As an alternative, the researchers subjected feeder cell layers to chemical fixation treatments that killed the cells while physically preserving them and maintaining their external structure largely intact. This resulted in a robust cell culture surface that retained virtually all of the features with which stem cells would typically interact. Mouse iPSCs maintained their pluripotent state even after extensive cultivation on feeder cells that had previously been fixed with either formaldehyde (FA) or glutaraldehyde (GA). GA fixation is a harsher treatment, but Ito and colleagues noted that GA fixed cells also provided a superior substrate, and this GA-fixed layer was robust enough to be washed and reused.

The researchers were pleasantly surprised to find that mouse iPSCs grown in this manner were virtually indistinguishable from those cultured by traditional methods (Fig. 1). Feeder cells were believed to secrete proteins or other compounds that maintain the growth of undifferentiated stem cells, says Ito. But fixed cells lose this secretion capability, which shows that providing the right contact microenvironment is more important for iPSCs. Given how rugged the fixed cell layers are, he anticipates that this approach could offer a commercially viable cell culture tool once it has been tested and optimized for cultivation of human iPSCs.

More information: Yue, X.-S., Fujishiro, M., Nishioka, C., Arai, T., Takahashi, E., Gong, J.-S., Akaike, T. & Ito, Y. Feeder cells support the culture of induced pluripotent stem cells even after chemical fixation. PLoS ONE 7, e32707 (2012). http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032707

Provided by RIKEN

View original post here:
Stem cells thrive on superficial relationships

TUCSON, Ariz., Aug. 9, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Doctors at the University of Oklahoma reported the first successful procedure for growing new blood vessels from adipose, or 'fat derived,' stem cells. These newly formed blood vessels can be used in heart bypass surgery and other complicated procedures requiring healthy vessels, according to the researchers, who presented their findings at the American Heart Association's 2012 Scientific Sessions.

(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120809/LA54820)

Through liposuction, doctors can collect hundreds of millions of stem cells that can be used to generate blood vessels. The cells were "seeded" onto a 'bio-scaffold' and as they multiplied, researchers rolled them into tubes with the diameter of small blood vessels. Within weeks, new, healthy tissue began to grow into usable blood vessels. And since the cells are 'autologous', or from the same patient, there is no risk of adverse reactions or rejection.

But one of the key considerations is the age of the patient and thus the age of the stem cells. Young stem cells are much more active and potent than older cells. And young blood vessels are much more functional than older vessels.

One potential downside is that these blood vessels take time to grow in the lab. "They would not be available immediately, but you could bank your own cells and keep them until the time comes that you need them," said Dr. Roberto Bolli, an American Heart Association spokesman and chief of cardiology at the University of Louisville in Kentucky.

Success using stem cells in tissue engineering have led to just that-the option for patients to bank their adipose stem cells as a biological resource for use in the future in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Dr. David Harris, Professor of Immunology at the University of Arizona in Tucson, is Chief Scientific Officer and founder of Adicyte, an adipose stem cell cryogenic bank. AdiCyte uses modern cryopreservation methods to safely store an individual's adult adipose tissue and stem cells for their future use in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and cosmetic or reconstructive procedures.

"Adipose tissue is the richest source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the human body, and more than 100 FDA clinical trials are in motion to help bring these cellular therapies to approved indications" said Harris.

For $985, patients can save their adipose tissue and stem cells, and request them whenever needed. There is an annual maintenance fee of $120. Cryogenic storage of the tissue in essence, 'stops the clock' on cell aging, so if the cells are needed twenty years from now, they will still have the same level of vitality and activity as when they were banked.

"The ability for a patient and doctor to literally pre-order new blood vessels for a heart bypass patient is exactly what AdiCyte is about," says Scott Edelman, AdiCyte's CEO and co-founder. "We want to help drive the advancement of regenerative medicine by enabling people to preserve their youngest stem cells possible, so they have the opportunity to take advantage of these miraculous new technologies and live longer."

Follow this link:
Can liposuction help you live longer?

Scientists have identified a type of stem cell that appears to be responsible for the neurons involved in higher brain function. The discovery may pave the way for new treatments for autism and schizophrenia.

The mammalian cerebral cortex is layered like an onion, with neurons in different layers responsible for different levels of cognitive function. Neurons in the inner layers are connected to subcortical targets such as the thalamus and basal ganglia that deal with basic sensory and motor signals. Neurons in the outer layers are connected to other parts of the cortex, which in humans play a role in higher-level brain processes such as self-awareness, language and problem-solving.

In the developing brain, stem cells in the heart of the cortex produce neurons in sequence from the inner layer outwards. "Neurons migrate past earlier-born neurons to reach a more superficial position," explains Ulrich Mueller at The Scripps Research Institute in California. This is then repeated to generate all cortical layers, with a neuron's birthdate determining its layer and therefore its function. "However, it had never been established whether the connection between birthdate and neuronal cell type is casual or causal," says Mueller. "We went to find out."

In the prevailing model, different types of neurons are generated in successive waves by a single type of stem cell. However, when Mueller and his colleagues studied the developing brains of mice embryos, they found that neurons in the upper layers of the cortex are produced by a different type of stem cell. This is particularly intriguing since upper layer neurons are especially abundant in humans. "Maybe the invention of this new type of stem cell was important in driving brain evolution," says Mueller.

Upper layer neurons are also frequently affected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. "A better understanding of the development of these layers and their functions may help us to understand the causes of these mental disorders, which could lead to better treatments in the future," says Andre Strydom of University College London, who was not involved in the study. But he notes that any clinical application is probably a long way off.

Uta Frith, also of University College London, says the finding is fascinating but sounds a note of caution. "There is still a chasm between neuro-cognitive explanations of autistic symptoms and mechanisms in terms of cell structure," she says. "To put these two levels of explanation together is a big task."

If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to.

Only subscribers may leave comments on this article. Please log in.

Only personal subscribers may leave comments on this article

Subscribe now to comment.

Read this article:
Stem cells responsible for higher brain function found

LEUVEN, BELGIUM and MADRID, SPAIN--(Marketwire -08/08/12)- TiGenix (EURONEXT:TIG), the European leader in cell therapy, announced today the completion of patient enrollment in the Company's Phase IIa study of Cx611, a suspension of expanded allogeneic adult stem cells, in rheumatoid arthritis. The Phase IIa clinical trial is a 53-subject, multicenter, placebo-controlled study in 3 cohorts with different dosing regimens, designed to assess safety, feasibility, tolerance, and optimal dosing. The study is being conducted at 23 centers. The Company believes that this clinical trial can set the stage not only for the further development of Cx611 in RA, but also in a wide range of other autoimmune disorders.

"In addition to the primary endpoints of safety and optimal dosing, we expect this trial to yield a first indication of the duration of the efficacy of Cx611 in this very difficult patient population: the enrolled patients have previously failed to respond to at least two biologicals," said Eduardo Bravo, CEO of TiGenix. "In the trial patients are treated with three injections of Cx611. The six-month follow-up without further dosing should provide us with a truly meaningful result. This is the most advanced stem cell therapy trial in RA in the world, and completing the enrollment on time confirms our leadership position in the field. We anticipate reporting the results of the study no later than April 2013."

About Cx611 for rheumatoid arthritisCx611 is a suspension of expanded allogeneic adult stem cells derived from human adipose (fat) tissue (expanded Adipose derived Stem Cells or 'eASCs') that is delivered through intra-venous injection for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of the Phase IIa trial is to determine safety, feasibility, tolerance, and optimal dosing. This multicentre, placebo-controlled study has enrolled 53 patients, divided in 3 cohorts with different dosing regimens. There are 23 centers open and the company expects the final results to be available in the first half of 2013.

About TiGenixTiGenix NV (EURONEXT:TIG) is a leading European cell therapy company with a marketed product for cartilage repair, ChondroCelect, and a strong pipeline with clinical stage allogeneic adult stem cell programs for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. TiGenix is based out of Leuven (Belgium) and has operations in Madrid (Spain), and Sittard-Geleen (the Netherlands). For more information please visit http://www.tigenix.com.

Forward-looking informationThis document may contain forward-looking statements and estimates with respect to the anticipated future performance of TiGenix and the market in which it operates. Certain of these statements, forecasts and estimates can be recognised by the use of words such as, without limitation, "believes", "anticipates", "expects", "intends", "plans", "seeks", "estimates", "may", "will" and "continue" and similar expressions. They include all matters that are not historical facts. Such statements, forecasts and estimates are based on various assumptions and assessments of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which were deemed reasonable when made but may or may not prove to be correct. Actual events are difficult to predict and may depend upon factors that are beyond TiGenix' control. Therefore, actual results, the financial condition, performance or achievements of TiGenix, or industry results, may turn out to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements, forecasts and estimates. Given these uncertainties, no representations are made as to the accuracy or fairness of such forward-looking statements, forecasts and estimates. Furthermore, forward-looking statements, forecasts and estimates only speak as of the date of the publication of this document. TiGenix disclaims any obligation to update any such forward-looking statement, forecast or estimates to reflect any change in TiGenix' expectations with regard thereto, or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement, forecast or estimate is based, except to the extent required by Belgian law.

See more here:
TiGenix Completes Patient Enrollment in Phase IIa Rheumatoid Arthritis Study

ROCKVILLE, MD--(Marketwire -08/08/12)- MarketResearch.com has announced the addition of the new report "Global Markets for Stem Cells," to their collection of Biotechnology market reports. For more information, visit http://www.marketresearch.com/BCC-Research-v374/Global-Stem-Cells-7083022/

The global market for stem cell products was $3.8 billion in 2011. This market is expected to reach nearly $4.3 billion in 2012 and $6.6 billion by 2016, increasing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.7% from 2011 to 2016.

The American market for stem cell products was $1.3 billion in 2011. This sector is expected to rise at a CAGR of 11.5% and reach nearly $2.3 billion by 2016.

The European market for stem cell products was $872 million in 2011 and is expected to reach nearly $1.5 billion by 2016, a CAGR of 10.9%.

For more information, visit http://www.marketresearch.com/BCC-Research-v374/Global-Stem-Cells-7083022/

About MarketResearch.com

MarketResearch.com is the leading provider of global market intelligence products and services. With research reports from more than 720 top consulting and advisory firms, MarketResearch.com offers instant online access to the world's most extensive database of expert insights on global industries, companies, products, and trends. Moreover, MarketResearch.com's Research Specialists have in-depth knowledge of the publishers and the various types of reports in their respective industries and are ready to provide research assistance. For more information, call Will Gray at 240-747-3008 or visit http://www.marketresearch.com.

See the original post:
Latest Research Shows Stem Cell Product Market to Reach $6 Billion by 2016

Originally published August 7, 2012 at 7:45 PM | Page modified August 7, 2012 at 8:25 PM

Two University of Washington scientists, using expertise in stem cells, cardiology, pathology, cell biology and the electrophysiology of the heart, are a step closer to their holy grail: regenerating a damaged heart.

Human heart-muscle cells injected into the damaged heart of a guinea pig not only strengthened the heart's ability to contract, the cells synchronized with the animal's heart and protected it from arrhythmias, rhythm disturbances that can be fatal.

Regenerating a damaged heart is the "big dream, the big vision," said Dr. Charles E. Murry, a cardiovascular biologist who co-led the research published in the most recent issue of Nature.

"This is the first demonstration that human heart-muscle grafts can electrically stabilize the injured heart, and the first demonstration that they can couple and beat in sync," Murry said.

When the researchers injected the human heart cells, grown from embryonic stem cells, into the hearts of guinea pigs with damaged hearts, they saw a "profound effect," said Dr. Michael Laflamme, the senior author.

"The animals that had received these stem-cell-derived heart-muscle cells had far fewer arrhythmias," said Laflamme.

Like Murry, he is a cardiovascular biologist, pathologist and member of the UW Center for Cardiovascular Biology and the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.

To tell if the new cells were beating in rhythm with their host, the researchers inserted a sensor gene that would fluoresce green when the cells contracted. The fluorescent protein was originally discovered in the Aequorea victoria jellyfish at Friday Harbor on San Juan Island.

In the last several years, medical science has made much progress in helping patients survive acute heart attacks, Murry noted.

See more here:
UW researchers see work as step toward regenerating human heart

Regulated information August 8, 2012

TiGenix completes patient enrollment in Phase IIa rheumatoid arthritis study

Leuven (BELGIUM), Madrid (SPAIN) - August 8, 2012 - TiGenix (NYSE Euronext: TIG), the European leader in cell therapy, announced today the completion of patient enrollment in the Company`s Phase IIa study of Cx611, a suspension of expanded allogeneic adult stem cells, in rheumatoid arthritis. The Phase IIa clinical trial is a 53-subject, multicenter, placebo-controlled study in 3 cohorts with different dosing regimens, designed to assess safety, feasibility, tolerance, and optimal dosing. The study is being conducted at 23 centers. The Company believes that this clinical trial can set the stage not only for the further development of Cx611 in RA, but also in a wide range of other autoimmune disorders.

"In addition to the primary endpoints of safety and optimal dosing, we expect this trial to yield a first indication of the duration of the efficacy of Cx611 in this very difficult patient population: the enrolled patients have previously failed to respond to at least two biologicals," said Eduardo Bravo, CEO of TiGenix. "In the trial patients are treated with three injections of Cx611. The six-month follow-up without further dosing should provide us with a truly meaningful result. This is the most advanced stem cell therapy trial in RA in the world, and completing the enrollment on time confirms our leadership position in the field. We anticipate reporting the results of the study no later than April 2013."

About Cx611 for rheumatoid arthritis Cx611 is a suspension of expanded allogeneic adult stem cells derived from human adipose (fat) tissue (expanded Adipose derived Stem Cells or `eASCs`) that is delivered through intra-venous injection for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of the Phase IIa trial is to determine safety, feasibility, tolerance, and optimal dosing. This multicentre, placebo-controlled study has enrolled 53 patients, divided in 3 cohorts with different dosing regimens. There are 23 centers open and the company expects the final results to be available in the first half of 2013.

For more information: Eduardo Bravo Chief Executive Officer eduardo.bravo@tigenix.com

Claudia D`Augusta Chief Financial Officer claudia.daugusta@tigenix.com Hans Herklots Director Investor & Media Relations hans.herklots@tigenix.com +32 16 39 60 97

About TiGenix

TiGenix NV (NYSE Euronext Brussels: TIG)is a leading European cell therapy companywith a marketed product for cartilage repair, ChondroCelect, and a strongpipeline with clinical stage allogeneic adult stem cell programsfor the treatment ofautoimmune and inflammatory diseases.TiGenixis based out of Leuven (Belgium) and has operations in Madrid (Spain), and Sittard-Geleen (theNetherlands). For more information please visitwww.tigenix.com.

Forward-looking information

Go here to read the rest:
TiGenix : completes patient enrollment in Phase IIa rheumatoid arthritis study

Cardiac muscle cells derived from human embryonic stem cells

The promise of embryonic stem cells lies in their ability to develop into any type of cell in the human body, which should allow us to replace tissues lost due to injury or disease. But it's one thing to generate replacement cells; it's another thing to generate entire tissues and integrate them into a functioning organ. A paper released by Nature now reports some success with turning human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into cardiac cells and getting them to beat in synchrony with a damaged heart.

The blockage of blood vessels in the heart, either through clots or occlusion, causes the cells that rely on the blocked vessel to die off. This both weakens the heart structurally and changes the ability of the heart to beat in an organized manner, since the scar tissue that develops doesn't conduct electrical impulses. Serious arrhythmias can develop as a result of this changed activity, and these can sometimes end up causing the heartbeat to be lost entirely.

Embryonic stem cells have been used to try to repair damaged hearts for a while, starting with simple experiments where the stem cells themselves were injected. More recently, researchers have induced hESCs to form cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) before implanting them in a damaged heart (typically that of a mouse or rat). This treatment tends to increase the ability of the heart to pump blood, indicating that stem cells can reverse the weakening of the heart.

But it has been harder to get at the electrical integration of these stem cells, in part because the rodents that the researchers used have a very fast heartbeaton the order of 400-600 beats a minute. (The human heart rate is normally under 100 beats per minute.) So, the new work relied on the guinea pig, which apparently has a heart rate that is only about 200-250 beats per minute.

The authors took an hESC line and induced it to form cardiomyocytes, which were injected into injured hearts and then allowed to integrate with the injured heart for a while. Rather than focusing on blood flow, the authors tracked the development of arrhythmias. It turns out that the hESC-derived cardiomyocytes suppressed them. The guinea pigs treated with them had the lowest rate of premature ventricular contractions, or PVCs, which occur when the lower chambers of the heart beat ahead of schedule. They also went into tachycardia, or a run of rapid heartbeats, less often.

To track the behavior of the hESC-derived cardiac cells, the authors inserted a gene for a protein that becomes fluorescent in response to changes in calcium, which accompany the electrical impulses that drive a heartbeat. By tracking whether a cell was glowing, the authors could determine whether the human cells were tied to the regular guinea pig heartbeat.

Here, the results were a bit mixed. In areas where the hESC-derived cells were stuck in an area with lots of scar tissue, they tended to contract on their own, without significant influence from the guinea pig's rhythm. But in other areas where the cells were clear of nearby scar tissue, they tended to tie in nicely with the heart's overall rhythmeven when they weren't necessarily close to any guinea pig tissue.

The results are very promising, in that they show that embryonic stem cells can be used to create a large population of cardiomyocytes that can then function normally when placed back into a heart. But they also make it clear that scar tissue remains a problem in damaged hearts. Even if muscle tissue gets replaced, it won't integrate well if there's a significant amount of scar tissue around. This provides researchers with an obvious target for future efforts.

Incidentally, a number of the researchers involved in this work were based at US institutions. Early in the history of stem cell research, legislation was considered that would ban the creation of human-animal hybrids. Although it was probably written with Frankenstein-like chimeras in mind, some of it was so broadly worded that it would have banned basic safety and efficacy research such as the work described by this paper. Fortunately, it never passed, so US researchers are still able to contribute to work like this.

Continued here:
Heart tissue derived from embryonic stem cells doesn't skip a beat

Shinya Yamanaka aims to produce cell lines from fetal blood cells.

M. Naka/Aflo/Newscom

Progress toward stem-cell therapies has been frustratingly slow, delayed by research challenges, ethical and legal barriers and corporate jitters. Now, stem-cell pioneer Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University in Japan plans to jump-start the field by building up a bank of stem cells for therapeutic use. The bank would store dozens of lines of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, putting Japan in an unfamiliar position: at the forefront of efforts to introduce a pioneering biomedical technology.

A long-held dream of Yamanakas, the iPS Cell Stock project received a boost last month, when a Japanese health-ministry committee decided to allow the creation of cell lines from the thousands of samples of fetal umbilical-cord blood held around the country. Yamanakas plan to store the cells for use in medicine is a bold move, says George Daley, a stem-cell biologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. But some researchers question whether iPS cells are ready for the clinic.

Yamanaka was the first researcher to show, in 2006, that mature mouse skin cells could be prodded into reverting to stem cells1 capable of forming all bodily tissues. The experiment, which he repeated2 with human cells in 2007, could bypass ethical issues associated with stem cells derived from embryos, and the cells could be tailor-made to match each patient, thereby avoiding rejection by the immune system.

Japan is pumping tens of millions of dollars every year into eight long-term projects to translate iPS cell therapies to the clinic, including a US$2.5-million-per-year effort to relieve Parkinsons disease at Kyoto Universitys Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), which Yamanaka directs. That programme is at least three years away from clinical trials. The first human clinical trials using iPS cells, an effort to repair diseased retinas, are planned for next year at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe.

Those trials will not use cells from Yamanakas Stock. But if they or any other iPS cell trials succeed, demand for the cells will explode, creating a supply challenge. Deriving and testing iPS cells tailored to individual patients could take six months for each cell line and cost tens of thousands of dollars.

Yamanakas plan is to create, by 2020, a standard array of 75 iPS cell lines that are a good enough match to be tolerated by 80% of the population. To do that, Yamanaka needs to find donors who have two identical copies of each of three key genes that code for immune-related cell-surface proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). He calculates that he will have to sift through samples from some 64,000 people to find 75 suitable donors.

Using blood from Japans eight cord-blood banks will make that easier. The banks hold some 29,000samples, all HLA-characterized, and Yamanaka is negotiating to gain access to those that prove unusable for other medical procedures. One issue remains unresolved: whether the banks need to seek further informed consent from donors, most of whom gave the blood under the understanding that it would be used for treating or studying leukaemia. Each bank will determine for itself whether further consent is needed.

Yamanaka has already built a cell-processing facility on the second floor of CiRA and is now applying for ethics approval from Kyoto University to create the stock. Takafumi Kimura, a CiRA biologist and head of the projects HLA analysis unit, says that the team hopes to derive the first line, carrying a set of HLA proteins that matches that of 8% of Japans population, by next March.

More:
Stem-cell pioneer banks on future therapies