StemCell Therapy

UC Berkeley scientists have discovered a type of stem cell that appears to lie dormant in blood vessel walls for decades before waking up and causing the arterial hardening and clogging that are associated with deadly strokes and heart attacks.

The findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature Communications, go against the prevailing theory on the cause of heart disease - that the smooth muscle cells that line blood vessels become damaged over time and are triggered to proliferate. Those smooth muscle cells were thought to build up like scar tissue and cause the blood vessels to become narrow or brittle.

The new theory suggests that the smooth muscle cells found in the blood vessel walls aren't to blame, but rather a small cluster of stem cells is. It's those stem cells that proliferate and cause damage, and they should be the target of drug therapies to treat, and potentially cure, heart disease, the UC Berkeley scientists say.

"We call them sleeping beauty or sleeping evil cells, because they don't do anything when they're dormant. The stem cells stay quiescent for decades before they start to grow and they make the blood vessels harden," said senior author Song Li, a bioengineering professor at UC Berkeley and a researcher at the Berkeley Stem Cell Center.

"These stem cells are probably less than 5 percent of the cells in the blood vessel when they're dormant," Li said. "But they can dominate. They can become the major cell."

Li and his team still believe that smooth muscle cells are to blame for much of the damage in the blood vessels. What's changed is where those cells come from.

Scientists have known for decades that the blood vessel damage associated with heart disease is caused by a buildup of smooth muscle cells. Those clumps of cells cause the blood vessel to become dangerously narrow, hindering the flow of blood, or they become brittle clots that break off and block vessels entirely.

When the blood flow is slowed or stopped completely, it can cause strokes or heart attacks, depending on the location of the blockage. Strokes and heart attacks are among the most common causes of death in the United States.

The stem cells, which Li and his team have named multipotent vascular stem cells, remained undiscovered because so few of them exist when they're dormant. It didn't help that after they become activated, they look very similar to the smooth muscle cells that scientists have long thought were the culprit in heart disease.

The prevailing theory has been that damage to the blood vessel caused the smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls to "de-differentiate," or revert to an earlier stage of development that allows them to reproduce and build the scar-like tissue. But there was no proof of it, Li and others noted.

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Type of stem cell may contribute to heart disease

SAN DIEGO, CA--(Marketwire -06/07/12)- Bio-Matrix Scientific Group, Inc. (BMSN) (BMSN) announced today that its wholly owned subsidiary Regen BioPharma, Inc. has executed an exclusive option agreement which grants Regen BioPharma an option to license Patent #6,821,513 which patents methods of stimulating blood production in patients with deficient stem cells. The patent, as well as data licensed with the patent, covers methods of stimulating the bone marrow to generate new blood cells. The patent and option agreement are disclosed in the Company's most recent 8K filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission on June 6, 2012.

"The technology has broad applicability to help cancer patients recover faster following chemotherapy, as well as for recipients of bone marrow and cord blood transplants. Currently, new blood cell production is stimulated by expensive drugs such as Neupogen and Neulasta which replicate the body's growth factors but can cause side effects and rely upon the diminished recuperative powers of an immune compromised patient," stated J. Christopher Mizer, President of Regen BioPharma.

David Koos, Chairman & CEO of Bio-Matrix Scientific Group, added, "We are excited to get this therapy into the clinic. Based on peer-reviewed published animal data, it has the potential to restore immune function faster and more effectively than the existing standard of care."

The licensed technology covers the use of a naturally-occurring cell type for stimulation of bone marrow stem cells. By utilizing cells as opposed to drugs, Regen BioPharma believes it possesses a substantial advantage to existing approaches in terms of safety and economics of production. Currently the market for growth factors that stimulate blood making stem cells is more than $4.84 billion per year (www.wikinvest.com/stock/Amgen).

About Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc. and Regen BioPharma, Inc.:Bio-Matrix Scientific Group, Inc. (BMSN) (BMSN) is a biotechnology company focused on the development of regenerative medicine therapies and tools. The Company is focused on human therapies that address unmet medical needs. Specifically, Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc. is looking to increase the quality of life through therapies involving stem cell treatments. These treatments are focused in areas relating to cardiovascular, hematology, oncology and other indications.

Through Its wholly owned subsidiary, Regen BioPharma, it is the Company's goal to develop translational medicine platforms for the rapid commercialization of stem cell therapies. The Company is looking to use these translational medicine platforms to advance intellectual property licensed from entities, institutions and universities that show promise towards fulfilling the Company's goal of increased quality of life.

Disclaimer

This news release may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Future events and actual results could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties to which forward-looking statements are subject include, but are not limited to, the effect of government regulation, competition and other material risks.

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Bio-Matrix Scientific Group's Regen BioPharma Subsidiary Executes Option Agreement to License Stem Cell Intellectual ...

06-06-2012 13:09 Mesenchymal stem cell homing to tissue damage, umbilical cord stem cells historically used for anti-aging, mesenchymal stem cells role in immune system modulation, inflammation reduction and stimulating tissue regeneration, donor stem cell safety and testing, the role of HLA matching in donated umbilical cord-derived stem cells, umbilical cord blood safety data and historical use in blood transfusions, allogeneic stem cell persistence in human mothers. Treatment information at More information on Dr. Riordan at

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Neil Riordan PhD - Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury (Part 3 of 5) || Stem Cell Treatments - Video

HAMILTON, Ontario--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

A team of scientists at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada have discovered a drug, thioridazine, successfully kills cancer stem cells in the human while avoiding the toxic side-effects of conventional cancer treatments.

"The unusual aspect of our finding is the way this human-ready drug actually kills cancer stem cells; by changing them into cells that are non-cancerous," said Mick Bhatia, the principal investigator for the study and scientific director of McMaster's Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI) in the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine.

Unlike chemotherapy and radiation, thioridazine appears to have no effect on normal stem cells.

The research, published in the science journal CELL, holds the promise of a new strategy and discovery pipeline for the development of anticancer drugs in the treatment of various cancers. The research team has identified another dozen drugs that have good potential for the same response.

For 15 years, some researchers have believed stem cells are the source of many cancers. In 1997, Canadian researchers first identified cancer stem cells in certain types of leukemia. Cancer stem cells have since been identified in blood, breast, brain, lung, gastrointestinal, prostate and ovarian cancer.

To test more than a dozen different compounds, McMaster researchers pioneered a fully automated robotic system to identify several drugs, including thioridazine.

"Now we can test thousands of compounds, eventually defining a candidate drug that has little effect on normal stem cells but kills the cells that start the tumor," said Bhatia.

The next step is to test thioridazine in clinical trials, focusing on patients with acute myeloid leukemia whose disease has relapsed after chemotherapy. Bhatia wants to find out if the drug can put their cancer into remission, and by targeting the root of the cancer (cancer stem cells) prevent the cancer from coming back. Researchers at McMaster have already designed how these trials would be done.

Bhatia's team found thioridazine works through the dopamine receptor on the surface of the cancer cells in both leukemia and breast cancer patients. This means it may be possible to use it as a biomarker that would allow early detection and treatment of breast cancer and early signs of leukemia progression, he said. The research team's next step is to investigate the effectiveness of the drug in other types of cancer. In addition, the team will explore several drugs identified along with thioridazine. In the future, thousands of other compounds will be analyzed with McMaster robotic stem cell screening system in partnership with collaborations that include academic groups as well as industry.

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Ontario, Canada’s McMaster University Researchers Discover Drug Destroys Human Cancer Stem Cells but Not Healthy Ones

It's always troubling to see a misunderstanding concerning a recent scientific discovery. The latest concerns an Israeli team of scientists, led by Lior Gepstein, that converted skin cells from two patients with heart attack into stem cells and then heart cells.

SourceFed, one of my favorite channels on YouTube, proclaimed that Gepstein's study means that a cure for heart disease is "10, 15 years out." Similar statements were also circulated by The Guardian, The Los Angeles Times, CBS News, and others.

However, the claims that SourceFed and other news outlets have made are not true. If anything, the field of heart regeneration is moving away from what the study did. If there is a cure for heart attack in 10 to 15 years, it will not be because of this study.

Generating stem cells from skin cells is relatively old news. This feat was first performed in 2006 for mice (2007 for humans) concurrently by two teams of scientists led by Shinya Yamanaka in Japan and James Thomson in the United States, respectively. Since then, the technology has evolved so fast that generating heart cells from stem cells is truly nothing new.

Stem cells often differentiate into heart cells, or cardiomyocytes, without much technical intervention. Even I, a mere undergraduate student, have generated beating heart cells several times without much trouble, from mice and rat skin cells. And I'm not even in the field of heart regeneration. I work with stem cells in neurobiology.

The technique to generate heart cells from skin-derived stem cells (or induced pluripotent stem cells) has existed for a long time. After a brief search on Google Scholar, I found a paper published in 2008 detailing how to generate heart cells from skin cells. This may not seem like a long time ago, but in the stem-cell world, that's almost an eon.

So if we have been able to generate heart cells for such a long time, why has no one actually successfully transplanted heart cells into patients? One of the reasons is that there are so many different problems with not only transplanting heart cells onto a beating heart but also with the induced pluripotent stem cells that are derived from skin cells.

When a heart is damaged, scar tissues grow over the damaged part of the heart. The scar tissue does not function like regular heart cells. Instead of beating, the scar tissue just sits there, not doing anything and getting in the way of the beating heart. It's just like a scab on your arm from a scrape. The only difference is that the scab eventually comes off, because your skin is constantly making new cells, but the scar on your heart doesn't, because heart cells rarely regenerate, if at all.

Transplanting new heart cells without removing the scars is like putting a new layer of skin over the old scab and expecting the scab to go away. The old scab doesn't go away. More likely, the transplanted tissue will just die off.

As a result, instead of trying to transplant new tissue, the field of heart regeneration is now trying to transform the cells in scar tissue into beating heart cells. Though there are also problems with this new direction, it opens up ways of solving a whole host of other problems that plague heart-cell transplantation.

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Rui Dai: Our Misunderstanding of Stem Cells

SAN DIEGO, CA--(Marketwire -06/06/12)-

Bio-Matrix Scientific Group (BMSN) (BMSN) announced today that its Regen BioPharma unit has appointed three internationally renowned regenerative medicine experts to its Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). The new SAB members appointed are David White, M.D., PhD; Wei-Ping Min, M.D., PhD and Vlad Bogin, M.D.

Dr. White is a member of the Surgery and Immunology faculty of The Schulic School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario. He is one of the leading experts on using regenerative medicine transplant procedures to treat pancreatic conditions, including diabetes. He is also the Chief Scientific Officer of Sernova Corp and was formerly a Therapeutic Area Head for Novartis. He received the B.Sc. degree from the University of Surrey and the M.D. and PhD degrees from Cambridge University.

Dr. Wei-Ping Min is Professor at the Lawson Health Research Center in Canada. He is inventor of siRNA therapeutics in the area of immunology and cell therapy to inhibit disease modalities. He is also the founder/cofounder of several biotech companies including MedVax Pharma Corp, and ToleroTech Inc. Dr. Min brings detailed scientific and mechanistic expertise to Regen BioPharma. He earned graduate and medical degrees from Nanchang University Medical School and the PhD degree from Kyushu University.

Dr. Bogin is the President and CEO of Cromos Pharma, a contract research organization that specializes in biopharmaceutical clinical outsourcing. He was formerly the Director of Boehringer Ingelheim in charge of the phase IV program for Dabigatran Etexilate. He studied at the Yale University School of Medicine and the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry.

Regen BioPharma has also entered into a Letter of Intent with Clinartis LLC, a global contract research organization (CRO). Clinartis is a full service global CRO serving pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device companies to support Phase I - IV drug and device clinical trials in the US and Europe.

The SAB and Clinartis will assist the Company in its acquisition of intellectual property related to stem cells, translation of the intellectual property into treatments, and optimizing the value of these new therapies.

"The potential of regenerative medicine products is significant," says Christopher Mizer, the President of Regen BioPharma. "We believe that strategic collaborative relationships between Regen BioPharma, our SAB and Clinartis will facilitate our efforts to create value from that potential by developing proprietary, life sciences technologies and demonstrating their clinical utility."

"Our strong SAB has scientific and regulatory expertise, coupled with Clinartis' access to world-class researchers and investigators will be very instrumental for accelerated commercialization of the cutting-edge biotechnology research on which Regen BioPharma is focused," according to Bio-Matrix Scientific Group's Chairman & CEO David Koos.

About Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Inc. and Regen BioPharma, Inc.:

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Bio-Matrix' Regen BioPharma Unit Establishes Scientific Advisory Board and Research Relationship With Clinartis in ...

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Leading stem cell therapeutic and regenerative medicine company, AuxoCell Laboratories, Inc., today announced an agreement with CordVida, a Brazilian stem cell cryopreservation company, which will allow CordVida to expand its services. Families who select CordVida to store umbilical cord blood will now have the opportunity to bank stem cells from an additional source cord tissue. With this agreement, AuxoCell broadens its international reach to South America.

At AuxoCell, we are pleased by the opportunity to provide this groundbreaking technology to families around the globe, said Rouzbeh R. Taghizadeh, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer of AuxoCell Laboratories, Inc. CordVida is Brazils premier cord blood bank and adheres to the highest quality standards. It is for that reason that we have selected them as our exclusive partner in Brazil.

Cord tissue has an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Currently, there is a significant amount of research underway focused on mesenchymal stem cells extracted from cord tissue. MSCs are rapidly becoming the leading stem cell in regenerative medicine studies, and MSCs from a variety of sources are in use in over 150 clinical trials. The AuxoCell cord tissue technology represents the gold standard in the industry, as its technology prepares stem cells that are ready for immediate use, if needed.

CordVida is excited to be the first company in Brazil to offer storage of multiple kinds of stem cells, says Roberto Waddington, CEO for CordVida. Considering the enormous therapeutic prospects of cord tissue derived MSCs, our clients in the future will now rely on a much wider array of potential therapeutic applications.We are proud that AuxoCell selected CordVidaas its exclusive technology partner for all of Brazil.

Banking umbilical cord tissue stem cells offers clients a chance to reap the benefits of research that is being conducted on MSCs. Additionally, AuxoCells own studies have shown that a combination of cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells derived using AuxoCells validated processing SOPs and hematapoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the cord blood enhances the engraftment of the cord blood HSCs.

About AuxoCell

AuxoCell Laboratories, Inc. (AuxoCell) is a leading stem cell therapeutic and regenerative medicine company located in Massachusetts. AuxoCell's primary research focus is to develop the enormous therapeutic potential of the primitive stem cells found in the Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord. With exclusive patent rights and proprietary processing protocols, AuxoCell is uniquely situated to offer the very best in cord tissue stem cell banking. Through strategic partnerships with both private and public cord blood banks, stem cell centers, and research laboratories around the world, AuxoCell strives every day to bring novel stem cell therapies from the bench to the bedside. Additional information is available through HYPERLINK http://www.auxocell.com or at (617) 610-9000.

About CordVida

Founded in 2004, CordVida is the premier stem cell cryopreservation company in Brazil with 10.000 umbilical cord blood units stored. It is the cord blood bank of choice for key doctors in Brazil. Committed to the highest global quality standards, CordVida has been AABB accredited since 2008. Half of the transplants made in Brazil using private cord blood units have been made with units stored in CordVida.

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AuxoCell Laboratories Licenses Umbilical Cord Tissue Stem Cell Service to Brazil’s CordVida

Stop hating your belly fat! Some of it may save your life.

In a paper appearing Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, Loyola University Chicago researchers found that a particular kind of belly fat is involved in regulating the immune system, opening the door for new kinds of drugs for autoimmune diseases like Crohn's and lupus.

The flab in question is a sheet-like tissue called the omentum that lines the abdominal cavity. Though parts of the omentum have been used to promote healing in injured tissues for more than a century, the mechanism by which it works has not been well understood, researchers said.

But "we now have evidence that the omentum is not just fat sitting in the belly," senior author Makio Iwashima said in a statement Wednesday.

Iwashima and his team tested the effects of mouse omentum cells by growing them in the same medium with mouse T cells -- the front- line troops of the immune system -- and antibodies. Normally these T-cells would have been activated by the presence of the antibodies and proliferated, but in this case the T-cells died instead. The omentum cells did not, however, kill inactive T-cells.

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At first blush, killing immune cells doesn't sound like a good idea. But without proper controls, an overactive immune system can damage the body when it begins attacking normal tissue, as seen in autoimmune disorders like lupus.

The researchers think omentum cells emit some kind of molecular signal that tamps down the immune system. If that signal is isolated, it could form a basis for a new class of immunosuppressant drugs for autoimmune disease patients and people with organ transplants, who need to rein in their immune systems in order to prevent their bodies from rejecting donor organs.

Iwashima and his team also found that the omentum is full of mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate into many different cell types, suggesting that the membrane plays a key role in tissue regeneration and repair for damaged organs.

SOURCE: Shah et al. "Cellular basis of tissue regeneration by omentum." PLoS ONE 7(6): e38368.

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Your Gut Is Good For You: Benevolent Belly Fat Modulates Immune System, Helps Repair Tissue Damage

BERKELEY One of the top suspects behind killer vascular diseases is the victim of mistaken identity, according to researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, who used genetic tracing to help hunt down the real culprit. The guilty party is not the smooth muscle cells within blood vessel walls, which for decades was thought to combine with cholesterol and fat that can clog arteries. Blocked vessels can eventually lead to heart attacks and strokes, which account for one in three deaths in the United States.

Instead, a previously unknown type of stem cell a multipotent vascular stem cell is to blame, and it should now be the focus in the search for new treatments, the scientists report in a new study appearing today (June 6) in the journal Nature Communications.

"For the first time, we are showing evidence that vascular diseases are actually a kind of stem cell disease," said principal investigator Song Li, professor of bioengineering and a researcher at the Berkeley Stem Cell Center. "This work should revolutionize therapies for vascular diseases because we now know that stem cells rather than smooth muscle cells are the correct therapeutic target."

The finding that a stem cell population contributes to artery-hardening diseases, such as atherosclerosis, provides a promising new direction for future research, the study authors said.

"This is groundbreaking and provocative work, as it challenges existing dogma," said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, who directs cardiovascular and stem cell research at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, and who provided some of the mouse vascular tissues used by the researchers. "Targeting the vascular stem cells rather than the existing smooth muscle in the vessel wall might be much more effective in treating vascular disease."

It is generally accepted that the buildup of artery-blocking plaque stems from the body's immune response to vessel damage caused by low-density lipoproteins, the bad cholesterol many people try to eliminate from their diets. Such damage attracts legions of white blood cells and can spur the formation of fibrous scar tissue that accumulates within the vessel, narrowing the blood flow.

However, no experiments published have directly demonstrated this de-differentiation process, so Li and his research team remained skeptical. They turned to transgenic mice with a gene that caused their mature smooth muscle cells to glow green under a microscope.

In analyzing the cells from cross sections of the blood vessels, they found that more than 90 percent of the cells in the blood vessels were mature smooth muscle cells. They then isolated and cultured the cells taken from the middle layer of the mouse blood vessels.

After one month of cell expansion, the researchers saw a threefold increase in the size of the cell nucleus and the spreading area, along with an increase in stress fibers. Notably, none of the new, proliferating cells glowed green, which meant that their lineage could not be traced back to the mature smooth muscle cells originally isolated from the blood vessels.

"Not only was there a lack of green markers in the cell cultures, but we noticed that another type of cell isolated from the blood vessels exhibited progenitor traits for different types of tissue, not just smooth muscle cells," said Zhenyu Tang, co-lead author of the study and a Ph.D. student in the UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering.

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Stem cells real culprit behind hardened arteries

ScienceDaily (June 6, 2012) One of the top suspects behind killer vascular diseases is the victim of mistaken identity, according to researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, who used genetic tracing to help hunt down the real culprit.

The guilty party is not the smooth muscle cells within blood vessel walls, which for decades was thought to combine with cholesterol and fat that can clog arteries. Blocked vessels can eventually lead to heart attacks and strokes, which account for one in three deaths in the United States.

Instead, a previously unknown type of stem cell -- a multipotent vascular stem cell -- is to blame, and it should now be the focus in the search for new treatments, the scientists report in a new study appearing June 6 in the journal Nature Communications.

"For the first time, we are showing evidence that vascular diseases are actually a kind of stem cell disease," said principal investigator Song Li, professor of bioengineering and a researcher at the Berkeley Stem Cell Center. "This work should revolutionize therapies for vascular diseases because we now know that stem cells rather than smooth muscle cells are the correct therapeutic target."

The finding that a stem cell population contributes to artery-hardening diseases, such as atherosclerosis, provides a promising new direction for future research, the study authors said.

"This is groundbreaking and provocative work, as it challenges existing dogma," said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, who directs cardiovascular and stem cell research at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, and who provided some of the mouse vascular tissues used by the researchers. "Targeting the vascular stem cells rather than the existing smooth muscle in the vessel wall might be much more effective in treating vascular disease."

It is generally accepted that the buildup of artery-blocking plaque stems from the body's immune response to vessel damage caused by low-density lipoproteins, the bad cholesterol many people try to eliminate from their diets. Such damage attracts legions of white blood cells and can spur the formation of fibrous scar tissue that accumulates within the vessel, narrowing the blood flow.

The scar tissue, known as neointima, has certain characteristics of smooth muscle, the dominant type of tissue in the blood vessel wall. Because mature smooth muscle cells no longer multiply and grow, it was theorized that in the course of the inflammatory response, they revert, or de-differentiate, into an earlier state where they can proliferate and form matrices that contribute to plaque buildup.

However, no experiments published have directly demonstrated this de-differentiation process, so Li and his research team remained skeptical. They turned to transgenic mice with a gene that caused their mature smooth muscle cells to glow green under a microscope.

In analyzing the cells from cross sections of the blood vessels, they found that more than 90 percent of the cells in the blood vessels were mature smooth muscle cells. They then isolated and cultured the cells taken from the middle layer of the mouse blood vessels.

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The real culprit behind hardened arteries? Stem cells, says landmark study

In a finding that could open up a new realm of treatments for cardiovascular disease, UC Berkeley scientists say they've found that hardened arteries are actually caused by rogue stem cells in blood vessels that start multiplying after blood vessel walls are damaged, not by rogue muscle cells as previously suspected.

"For the first time, we are showing evidence that vascular diseases are actually a kind of stem cell disease," UC Berkeley bioengineering professor Song Li, senior author of a paper documenting the discovery that appeared Wednesday in the journal Nature Communications, said in a statement Wednesday.

The researchers examined cells from mouse blood vessels and found that the ones that proliferated after vascular injury couldn't be traced back to smooth muscle cells, which are commonly thought to be the culprits behind clogged arteries (in combination with cholesterol and fat).

"We did further tests and detected proteins and transcriptional factors that are only found in stem cells. No one knew that these cells existed in the blood vessel walls, because no one looked for them before," co-author Aijun Wang said in a statement.

The team is calling the newly identified stem cell type multipotent vascular stem cells. Their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types, including bone and cartilage, could explain how blood vessels become hardened and brittle in the later stages of cardiovascular disease, according to Li.

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In further experiments, the scientists confirmed that human blood vessels contain multipotent vascular stem cells after isolating them from arteries and coaxing them to develop into several different cell types.

Artery-blocking plaque forms as part of the body's natural immune response to blood vessel damage caused by low-density lipoprotein,also known as "bad" cholesterol. Researchers used to think that smooth muscle cells along the blood vessel walls helped form plaque by de-differentiating into a stem cell-like state, but Li and his team were suspicious because this process had never been directly documented in experiments.

Li said in an email that the next step is to establish a model for human blood vessel disease that can be used in the lab to screen drug candidates targeting the vascular stem cells.

The team has already applied for a grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to work on their "blood vessel on a chip," Li says.

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Stem Cells Harden Arteries In Mice, Prompting New Theory On The Cause Of Cardiovascular Disease

University of Georgia stem cell researcher Steve Stice shows stem cells from a tank in his lab in Athens, Ga.

WEDNESDAY, June 6 (HealthDay News) -- A previously unknown type of stem cell is the culprit behind blocked blood vessels that can lead to heart attack and stroke, new research in mice suggests.

It's long been believed that smooth muscle cells within blood vessel walls combined with cholesterol and fat to clog arteries. But in research with mice, a team at the University of California, Berkeley found that's not the case.

[Read: Stem Call Study Shows Promising Results Against Heart Failure.]

http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/05/10/stem-cell-study-shows-promising-results-against-heart-failure

Using genetic tracing, the investigators determined that a type of stem cell called a multipotent vascular stem cell is to blame and said it should be the focus in the search for new treatments.

"For the first time, we are showing evidence that vascular diseases are actually a kind of stem cell disease," principal investigator Song Li, a professor of bioengineering and a researcher at the Berkeley Stem Cell Center, said in a university news release. "This work should revolutionize therapies for vascular diseases because we now know that stem cells rather than smooth muscle cells are the correct therapeutic target."

The study was published June 6 in the journal Nature Communications.

"This is groundbreaking and provocative work, as it challenges existing dogma," said Dr. Deepak Srivastava, director of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease at UC San Francisco, who provided some of the mouse vascular tissues used in the study.

[Read:Improved Stem Cell Line May Avoid Cancer Risk.]

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Stem Cells Behind Clogged Arteries

By LINDSAY PETERSON | The Tampa Tribune Published: June 06, 2012 Updated: June 06, 2012 - 8:00 AM

The computer screen on the desk at the University of South Florida shows a smattering of multicolored dots.

A mass of green ones clusters at the bottom of the image, which shows the brain of a research rat. But here and there, several of the dots seem to be moving up, migrating to an area of the brain that has been damaged.

These green dots represent stem cells, the kind that exist naturally deep inside the brain and have the ability to transform themselves into healthy brain cells.

Their migration on the image means that doctors may one day be able to treat traumatic brain injury with a simple substance: oxygen.

USF researcher Cesar Borlongan and his colleagues are experimenting with the use of hyperbaric chambers. They're working with rats now, treating them after a brain injury, then examining them for signs of change. But they expect to connect the dots all the way to apply their findings to veterans, stroke victims and others who've suffered brain trauma.

Patients in hyperbaric chambers breathe in oxygen at high pressure, which pushes it into their bloodstream and tissues.

Hyperbaric treatments are used today for crash wounds, burns, even anemia, said Raffaele Pilla, one of the USF researchers on the project.

Research shows it also can help traumatic brain injury sufferers. The federal government still considers it experimental, but the studies "are compelling enough to mandate expedited research trials," said a U.S. Veterans Administration report in 2010.

The USF study is part of a major effort to find treatments for battlefield injuries, Borlongan said. It's created a Veterans Reintegration and Resilience program that pulls together researchers from many disciplines, from brain research to drug development to physical rehabilitation.

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Researchers working to repair brain injuries

Scientists previously thought heart attacks and strokes were caused by smooth muscle cells Stem cells multiply and caused arteries to harden Heart attacks affect 90,000 and strokes 150,000 in Britain every year

By Emma Reynolds

PUBLISHED: 11:17 EST, 6 June 2012 | UPDATED: 11:17 EST, 6 June 2012

The real culprit behind heart attacks and strokes is stem cells, researchers have claimed in a landmark study that could revolutionise treatment.

Until now, scientists thought vascular health problems were triggered by smooth muscle cells.

Now a team from the University of California in Berkeley have found a previously unknown stem cell, which causes the arteries to harden when it multiplies.

Real hope: The cells can multiply and cause arteries to harden, blocking the blood's route to the heart or brain

The groundbreaking work is set to completely change how heart attacks and strokes are treated, dramatically cutting the number of deaths, according the study published today in the journal Nature Communications.

Heart attacks are the most common reason for people to need emergency treatment. Around 90,000 people in Britain have one each year - of whom around a third will die as a result.

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Stem cells are identified as real culprit behind heart attacks after case of mistaken identity that could ...

A local veterinary clinic recently added a cuttingedge treatment.

Dr. Tina Gemeinhardt, owner of Tsawwassen Animal Hospital, is excited to be offering stem cell therapy to animals suffering from arthritis and joint issues.

"I'm excited about trying to bring some relief to dogs that are living in pain," she said.

The therapy, which uses stem cells harvested from fat that is surgically removed from the dog, is, in most cases, able to offer relief from the pain and stiffness associated with

Gemeinhardt said once it's determined the therapy is the right course of treatment for an animal, body fat is surgically removed and sent to a lab in California where the stem cells are harvested. The harvested stem cells are then sent back to the vet clinic within 48 hours and injected into the joints in question.

Gemeinhardt, who added the treatment to the clinic's list of services earlier this year, said it's not quite clear exactly how the stem cells work.

"Stem cells seem to inherently know what needs to be done in that area," she said.

The treatment is not a cure-all - the arthritis is still there but the symptoms are lessened - and it does not work instantly. The vet said most animals start to notice a difference in a month or so, and some might require follow up injections.

She said about 85 per cent of animals receiving stem cell therapy have had a beneficial response, while 15 per cent saw no response.

Beatrice, a seven-yearold chow chow, has seen remarkable results. Owner Rose McClelland said Beatrice had been having problems with arthritis in her hips for years and medication wasn't working any more.

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Treatment eases arthritis pain in dogs

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Leading stem cell therapeutic and regenerative medicine company, AuxoCell Laboratories, Inc., today announced an agreement with CordVida, a Brazilian stem cell cryopreservation company, which will allow CordVida to expand its services. Families who select CordVida to store umbilical cord blood will now have the opportunity to bank stem cells from an additional source cord tissue. With this agreement, AuxoCell broadens its international reach to South America.

At AuxoCell, we are pleased by the opportunity to provide this groundbreaking technology to families around the globe, said Rouzbeh R. Taghizadeh, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer of AuxoCell Laboratories, Inc. CordVida is Brazils premier cord blood bank and adheres to the highest quality standards. It is for that reason that we have selected them as our exclusive partner in Brazil.

Cord tissue has an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Currently, there is a significant amount of research underway focused on mesenchymal stem cells extracted from cord tissue. MSCs are rapidly becoming the leading stem cell in regenerative medicine studies, and MSCs from a variety of sources are in use in over 150 clinical trials. The AuxoCell cord tissue technology represents the gold standard in the industry, as its technology prepares stem cells that are ready for immediate use, if needed.

CordVida is excited to be the first company in Brazil to offer storage of multiple kinds of stem cells, says Roberto Waddington, CEO for CordVida. Considering the enormous therapeutic prospects of cord tissue derived MSCs, our clients in the future will now rely on a much wider array of potential therapeutic applications.We are proud that AuxoCell selected CordVidaas its exclusive technology partner for all of Brazil.

Banking umbilical cord tissue stem cells offers clients a chance to reap the benefits of research that is being conducted on MSCs. Additionally, AuxoCells own studies have shown that a combination of cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells derived using AuxoCells validated processing SOPs and hematapoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the cord blood enhances the engraftment of the cord blood HSCs.

About AuxoCell

AuxoCell Laboratories, Inc. (AuxoCell) is a leading stem cell therapeutic and regenerative medicine company located in Massachusetts. AuxoCell's primary research focus is to develop the enormous therapeutic potential of the primitive stem cells found in the Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord. With exclusive patent rights and proprietary processing protocols, AuxoCell is uniquely situated to offer the very best in cord tissue stem cell banking. Through strategic partnerships with both private and public cord blood banks, stem cell centers, and research laboratories around the world, AuxoCell strives every day to bring novel stem cell therapies from the bench to the bedside. Additional information is available through HYPERLINK http://www.auxocell.com or at (617) 610-9000.

About CordVida

Founded in 2004, CordVida is the premier stem cell cryopreservation company in Brazil with 10.000 umbilical cord blood units stored. It is the cord blood bank of choice for key doctors in Brazil. Committed to the highest global quality standards, CordVida has been AABB accredited since 2008. Half of the transplants made in Brazil using private cord blood units have been made with units stored in CordVida.

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AuxoCell Laboratories Licenses Umbilical Cord Tissue Stem Cell Service to Brazil’s CordVida

Public release date: 5-Jun-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David Eve celltransplantation@gmail.com Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair

Tampa, Fla. (June 5 , 2012) A study characterizing the multipotency and transplantation value of olfactory stem cells, as well as the ease in obtaining them, has been published in a recent issue of Cell Transplantation (20:11/12), now freely available on-line at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/.

"There is worldwide enthusiasm for cell transplantation therapy to repair failing organs," said study lead author Dr. Andrew Wetzig of the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. "The olfactory mucosa of a patient's nose can provide cells that are potentially significant candidates for human tissue repair."

According to the study authors, olfactory neural stem cells can be derived from a patient's own cells, they are readily available by a minimally invasive biopsy technique, and they can be expanded in vitro. The cells are plentiful because the olfactory epithelium undergoes neurogenesis and continual replacement of sensory neurons throughout adult life.

"Using the rat as our animal model source, we examined the basic aspects of olfactory neural stem cell biology and its potential for self-renewal and phenotypic expression in various circumstances," said Dr. Wetzig. "Previously, we found that they have performed well in pre-clinical models of disease and transplantation and seem to emulate a wound healing process where the cells acquire the appropriate phenotype in an apparently orderly fashion over time."

The researchers concluded that the olfactory neurospheres contain stem cells whose capacity for differentiation is triggered by signals from the immediate environmental niche.

"Stem cell numbers were shown to be enriched by our culture methods," explained Dr. Wetzig. "We also demonstrated that when adult olfactory stem cells are transplanted into an environmental niche different from that of their origin, they demonstrate multipotency by acquiring the phenotype of the resident cells."

"This study highlights another potential source of stem cells that has shown some degree of promise in a number of studies" said Dr. John Sladek, professor of neurology and pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. "Their relatively easy accessibility and multipotent properties are important factors that could rank these cells competitively with other stem cells thus giving them a potential impact as an excellent source for cell therapy".

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Link:
The potential impact of olfactory stem cells as therapy reported in Cell Transplantation

Public release date: 5-Jun-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: David Eve celltransplantation@gmail.com Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair

Tampa, Fla. (June 5 , 2012) A study characterizing the multipotency and transplantation value of olfactory stem cells, as well as the ease in obtaining them, has been published in a recent issue of Cell Transplantation (20:11/12), now freely available on-line at http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cog/ct/.

"There is worldwide enthusiasm for cell transplantation therapy to repair failing organs," said study lead author Dr. Andrew Wetzig of the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. "The olfactory mucosa of a patient's nose can provide cells that are potentially significant candidates for human tissue repair."

According to the study authors, olfactory neural stem cells can be derived from a patient's own cells, they are readily available by a minimally invasive biopsy technique, and they can be expanded in vitro. The cells are plentiful because the olfactory epithelium undergoes neurogenesis and continual replacement of sensory neurons throughout adult life.

"Using the rat as our animal model source, we examined the basic aspects of olfactory neural stem cell biology and its potential for self-renewal and phenotypic expression in various circumstances," said Dr. Wetzig. "Previously, we found that they have performed well in pre-clinical models of disease and transplantation and seem to emulate a wound healing process where the cells acquire the appropriate phenotype in an apparently orderly fashion over time."

The researchers concluded that the olfactory neurospheres contain stem cells whose capacity for differentiation is triggered by signals from the immediate environmental niche.

"Stem cell numbers were shown to be enriched by our culture methods," explained Dr. Wetzig. "We also demonstrated that when adult olfactory stem cells are transplanted into an environmental niche different from that of their origin, they demonstrate multipotency by acquiring the phenotype of the resident cells."

"This study highlights another potential source of stem cells that has shown some degree of promise in a number of studies" said Dr. John Sladek, professor of neurology and pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. "Their relatively easy accessibility and multipotent properties are important factors that could rank these cells competitively with other stem cells thus giving them a potential impact as an excellent source for cell therapy".

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The potential impact of olfactory stem cells as therapy reported in Cell Transplantation

04-06-2012 10:31 Although stem cells hold promise as direct therapy for human diseases, many researchers are even more enthusiastic about the opportunity to use stem cells to study disease fundamentals. Learn how clinicians and researchers are involving diabetes patients in the search for a cure by developing new stem cell lines from their DNA.

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Science Bulletins: Stem Cells: Developing New Cures - Video

Margate, FL (PRWEB) June 05, 2012

An American Retinal Surgeon from Florida has just finished treating 7 patients with a new technique he developed for administrating adult stem cells for eye disease. MD Stem Cells, a consultancy helping patients access leading stem cell providers in both the US and Europe - http://www.mdstemcells.com - made the announcement. "Our affiliate retinal surgeon traveled to Vienna, Austria to provide the new treatment to an international group of patients", explained Dr Levy, Senior Consultant at MD Stem Cells. " We are extremely pleased that this new procedure is now available and being provided on a routine basis". Patients came from the United States, Austria and Romania to obtain the adult stem cell treatment. They ranged in age from 2 years to 87 years old and suffered from a variety of eye diseases including AMD or Age Related Macular Degeneration, Myopic Macular Degeneration, Bulls Eye Retinopathy- a type of hereditary retinal disease , Retinitis Pigmentosa, and Optic Nerve Disease. All the patients did well and were very pleased with the treatment.

Adult Stem Cells are stem cells taken directly from the patients own body avoiding the problems associated with embryonic or fetal stem cells. They are typically obtained from the bone marrow where there is a high concentration of specific types of stem cells found to be useful for many diseases. At times they are obtained from the blood directly. Adult Stem Cells are now used to treat a number of different medical conditions including diabetes, renal failure, strokes, cerebral palsy, autism, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, COPD, heart disease and liver disease- in addition to ophthalmology problems.

Previously the stem cells were injected behind the eye to treat ophthalmic problems but the exact location and how far they might be from the targeted retinal or optic nerve tissue was not always known. In part, the variability in visual response to stem cell treatments has been thought to be from the difference in positioning of the stem cells and how far they were from the diseased area of the eye itself.

"Now with the new technique the stem cells can be placed precisely adjacent to the eye in a very safe manner," relayed Dr Levy. As an analogy, if your hand was the eye and a glove the surrounding tissue, the new technique allows the stem cells to be injected at the top of the glove and directed down to the exact fingertips the surgeon chooses. The doctor has performed retinal surgery previously to inject stem cells, but believes the risk-benefit for many patients now favors his new non-surgical technique. " Our surgeon notes that his approach avoids the risks of surgery yet allows him to precisely place the stem cells adjacent to the diseased part of the eye or the optic nerve for best effect", relayed Dr Levy.

The operating room at the Vienna International Medical Clinic Hospital was crowded with other physicians and health professionals from Vienna, Austria observing and recording the procedures. All the patients did well and were very pleased with the treatment.

"We're fortunate to be working with such an experienced retinal ophthalmologist," remarked Dr Levy. "He completed two retinal fellowships at Harvard, MIT and New England Deaconess Hospitals. His strong training and prior experience with stem cell treatments inspires confidence in patients and reassures physicians who may be referring or supporting their patients."

MD Stem Cells is a stem cell consultancy working directly with leading physicians and surgeons as providing stem cell treatments both in the United States and Europe. Many conditions can be treated and MD Stem Cells is available to discuss options with patients and interested or referring physicians. Their website is http://www.mdstemcells.com and they may be reached at 203-423-9494.

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Eye Patients get New Stem Cell Treatment by American Retinal Surgeon