StemCell Therapy

Overview

The University of Alabama at Birmingham Genetics Training Program is accredited by the American Board of Medical Genetics to provide training in clinical biochemical genetics, clinical molecular genetics, and clinical cytogenetics. Fellowship programs are each two to three years in length.

Application Eligibility

Trainees must be eligible to sit for the ABMG examination in the clinical laboratory specialty to which they are applying upon completion of the program. A complete list of eligibility criteria is available on theABMG Web site.

Trainees who have received doctoral degrees outside the U.S., Puerto Rico, or Canada must comply with additional requirements, which are outlined at theABMG Web site. Please note: Trainees who hold an M.D. or equivalent from a foreign country must have either a standard certificate from the ECFMG or have passed the Test of Spoken English (TSE).

Application Process

Applicants interested in applying to the ABMG Fellowship Program should provide the following:

NOTE: Please note that our next opening will be in July 2017. We will accept applications for the 2017 cycle from March 15th -September 15th, 2016. We will NOT be accepting any applications for the 2016 cycle.

Applications will not be considered complete until all information is received. Applications are reviewed by the program director.

Application deadline : September 15 Eligible applicant interview : October Final decision: End of November Fellowship start date: July 1st

Contact

Shaila P. Handattu PhD, PMP Program Director II University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Genetics Kaul 230, 720 20th Street South Birmingham, AL 35294 Phone: (205) 934-9417 Fax: (205) 934-9488 E-mail: hande@uab.edu

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UAB - SOM - Department of Genetics - UASOM Department of ...

Genetic Changes and Cancer

Cancer is a genetic diseasethat is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. These changes include mutations in the DNA that makes up our genes.

Genetic changes that increase cancer risk can be inherited from our parents if the changes are present in germ cells, which are the reproductive cells of the body (eggs and sperm). Such changes, called germline changes, are found in every cell of the offspring.

Cancer-causing genetic changes can also be acquired during ones lifetime, as the result of errors that occur as cells divide during a persons lifetime or exposure to substances, such as certain chemicals in tobacco smoke, and radiation, such as ultraviolet rays from the sun, that damage DNA.

Genetic changes that occur after conception are called somatic (or acquired) changes. They can arise at any time during a persons life. The number of cells in the body that carry such changes depends on when the changes occur during a persons lifetime.

In general, cancer cells have more genetic changes than normal cells. But each persons cancer has a unique combination of genetic alterations. Some of these changes may be the result of cancer, rather than the cause. As the cancer continues to grow, additional changes will occur. Even within the same tumor, cancer cells may have different genetic changes.

Inherited genetic mutations play a major role in about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers. Researchers have associated mutations in specific genes with more than 50 hereditary cancer syndromes, which are disorders that may predispose individuals to developing certain cancers.

Genetic tests can tell whether a person from a family that shows signs of such a syndrome has one of these mutations. These tests can also show whether family members without obvious disease have inherited the same mutation as a family member who carries a cancer-associated mutation. (For more information, see this overview of genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes.)

Many experts recommend that genetic testing for cancer risk be considered when someone has a personal or family history that suggests an inherited cancer risk condition, as long as the test results can be adequately interpreted (that is, they can clearly tell whether a specific genetic change is present or absent) and when the results provide information that will help guide a persons future medical care.

Cancers that are not caused by inherited genetic mutations can sometimes appear to run in families. For example, a shared environment or lifestyle, such as tobacco use, can cause similar cancers to develop among family members. However, certain patterns in a familysuch as the types of cancer that develop, other non-cancer conditions that are seen, and the ages at which cancer developsmay suggest the presence of a hereditary cancer syndrome.

Even if a cancer-predisposing mutation is present in a family, not everyone who inherits the mutation will necessarily develop cancer. Several factors influence the outcome in a given person with the mutation, including the pattern of inheritance of the cancer syndrome.

Here are examples of genes that can play a role in hereditary cancer syndromes.

For more genes that can play a role in hereditary cancer syndromes, see Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes.

Genetic tests are usually requested by a persons doctor or other health care provider. Genetic counseling can help people consider the risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic testing in their particular situations.

The results of genetic tests can be positive, negative, or uncertain. A genetic counselor, doctor, or other health care professional trained in genetics can help an individual or family understand their test results. These professionals can also help explain the incidental findings that a test may yield, such as a genetic risk factor for a disease that is unrelated to the reason for administering the test. And they can clarify the implications of test results for other family members.

Medical test results are normally included in a persons medical records, particularly if a doctor or other health care provider has ordered the test or has been consulted about the test results. Therefore, people considering genetic testing should understand that their results may become known to other people or organizations that have legitimate, legal access to their medical records, such as their insurance company or employer, if their employer provides the patients health insurance as a benefit.

However, legal protections are in place to prevent genetic discrimination. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on genetic information in determining health insurance eligibility or rates and suitability for employment. In addition, because a persons genetic information is considered health information, it is covered by the Privacy Rule of the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.

Until recently, most genetic testing for cancer focused on testing for individual inherited mutations. But, as more efficient and cheaper DNA sequencing technologies have become available, sequencing of an individuals entire genome or the DNA of an individuals tumor is becoming more common.

Clinical DNA sequencing can be useful in detecting many genetic mutations at one time. Targeted multiple-gene panels test for many inherited mutations or somatic mutations at the same time. These panels can include different genes and be tailored to individual tumor types. Targeted gene panels limit the data to be analyzed and include only known genes, which makes the interpretation more straightforward than in broader approaches that assess the whole genome (or tumor genome) or significant parts of it. Multiple-gene panel tests are becoming increasingly common in genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes.

Tumor sequencing can identify somatic mutations that may be driving the growth of particular cancers. It can also help doctors sort out which therapies may work best against a particular tumor. For instance, patients whose lung tumors harbor certain mutations may benefit from drugs that target these particular changes.

Testing tumor DNA may reveal a mutation that has not previously been found in that tumor type. But if that mutation occurs in another tumor type and a targeted therapy has been developed for the alteration, the treatment may be effective in the new tumor type as well.

Tumor sequencing can also identify germline mutations. Indeed, in some cases, the genetic testing of tumors has shown that a patients cancer could be associated with a hereditary cancer syndrome that the family was not aware of.

As with testing for specific mutations in hereditary cancer syndromes, clinical DNA sequencing has implications that patients need to consider. For example, they may learn incidentally about the presence of germline mutations that may cause other diseases, in them or in their family members.

See the rest here:
The Genetics of Cancer - National Cancer Institute

Related Links http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH

Understanding Genetic Testing, Access Excellence

Online Genetics Education Resources, National Human Genome Research Institute

Genetic Education Modules for Teachers

The Human Genome Project Completion FAQs

Genetics Education Center, University of Kansas Medical Center

Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah

Genetics, Wikipedia

Genetics is the study of the function and behavior of genes. Genes, the basic units of heredity, are biochemical instructions composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and are found inside the cells of every organism, from bacteria to humans. An organisms genes, which reside in one or more chromosomes, determine its characteristics, or traits. The sum of all an organisms genes is called its genome. In other words, the genome is divided into chromosomes, chromosomes contain genes, and genes are made of DNA.

Geneticists seek to understand how the information encoded in genes is used and controlled by cells and how it is transmitted from one generation to the next. They also study how tiny variations in genes can disrupt an organisms development or cause disease.

The term classical genetics refers to the techniques and methodologies of genetics that predate the advent of molecular genetics, which studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. Classical genetics, which remains a basis for all other topics in genetics, primarily is concerned with the method by which genetic traits are transmitted in plants and animals. These traits are classified as dominant (always expressed), recessive (subordinate to a dominant trait), intermediate (partially expressed) or polygenic (due to multiple genes). In addition, the traits are either sex-linked (result from the action of a gene on one of the sex chromosomes) or autosomal (result from the action of a gene on a chromosome other than a sex chromosome).

Classical genetics began with Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, who traced the inheritance patterns of certain traits in pea plants and showed they could be described mathematically (Mendels laws). Mendels 1865 publication, Experiments on Plant Hybridization, went largely unnoticed until the early 20th century. The patterns of inheritance that Mendel observed still are employed for the study of genetic diseases.

Molecular genetics employs the methods of genetics and molecular biology, the branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure and function of macromolecules essential to life (such as nucleic acids and proteins) and especially with their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information. The avenues of investigation open to geneticists were broadened greatly by the elucidation of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick, in 1953. In the 1970s, the discovery of restriction enzymes (which catalyze the cleavage of DNA at specific sites to produce discrete fragments) permitted scientists to begin sequencing genes (determining the exact order of the four subunits of DNA adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine); cloning genes (producing a replica of a gene from one organism); and moving genes from one organism to another to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The latter two procedures are known collectively as recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering.

Population, quantitative and ecological genetics, all very closely related subfields, build on classical genetics (supplemented with modern molecular genetics). Though all three study populations of organisms, they differ somewhat in their focus. Population genetics studies the distribution of and change in the frequencies of genes under the influence of evolutionary forces, such as natural selection, mutations and migration. Quantitative genetics, which builds on population genetics, is the study of continuous traits (such as height or weight) that do not have straightforward Mendelian inheritance because they result from the interaction of many different genes. Ecological genetics again builds on the basic principles of population genetics but is focused more explicitly on ecological issues, such as the relationship between species and their environments.

Medical genetics is the application of genetics to medicine. Medical genetics encompasses many different individual fields, including clinical genetics (the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases), cytogenetics (the study of chromosomes under a microscope), molecular genetics and genetic counseling (education and guidance offered by professional advisors to help people make informed decisions based on personal genetic information).

Behavioral genetics examines the role of genetics in animal behavior. In humans, behavioral genetics studies the genetic basis of personality as well as the causes and effects of human disorders such as mental illness, substance abuse, violence and social attitudes.

Genomics examines large-scale genetic patterns across the genome for a given species. The information derived from genome sequence data further reveals what genes do, how they are controlled and how they work together. The now-completed Human Genome Project has created a genetic blueprint for building a human being. This vital information will enable researchers to discover the genetic contributions to diseases, develop highly effective diagnostic tools and treatments and understand the health needs of people based on their individual genetic makeups.

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Genetics | Bioscience Topics | About Bioscience

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This course presents students with the concepts of genetics. Students will examine mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes, DNA structure, gene mutation, and genome dynamics.

This undergraduate-level course is 5 weeks. This course is available to take individually or as part of a degree or certificate program. To enroll, speak with an Enrollment Representative.

The University of Phoenix reserves the right to modify courses.

While widely available, not all programs are available in all locations or in both online and on-campus formats. Please check with a University Enrollment Representative.

Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It is the students responsibility to confirm whether or not credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the students choice.

Link:
Genetics - BIO410 - University of Phoenix

GENETICS

A major in genetics can lead to careers in fields as diverse as agriculture, criminology, and communication. Below is a list, by no means comprehensive, of careers geneticists pursue. Browse through this list to get an overview of each kind of career.

Common careers

Geneticists conduct research in various fields of science, ranging from agriculture to wildlife biology. The list below describes some areas of research, listed in alphabetical order, in these fields.

Education: The minimum educational requirement to be hired as a plant geneticist is a bachelors degree in biology, genetics, agriculture, or a closely related field. Since genetics draws heavily on mathematics, statistics, and biochemistry, a solid foundation in these subjects is also important.

The minimal educational requirement for a plant genetics research assistant position is a bachelors degree in genetics, agronomy, crop science, or a related degree. The skill set required of a research assistant varies according to the research project and can include experience in working with certain crops or knowledge of particular plant diseases, ability to maintain greenhouse plants and database inventory records, and ability to analyze phenotypic and genotypic data and perform molecular biology techniques such as PCR and Western blotting.

A masters and PhD degree will strongly increase opportunities to conduct independent research.

Places of employment: Plant geneticists can find work in federal, state, or local government laboratories; agricultural experiment stations; botanical gardens, arboretums, national parks; university laboratories; or private agricultural companies.

Useful links:

Careers in genetics and the biosciences: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/education/careers-6new.pdf

Genetics and plant biology career snapshot: http://nature.berkeley.edu/site/forms/oisa/gpb_career_snapshot.pdf

How can genetic information be useful in natural resource management? http://www.grcp.ucdavis.edu/projects/GeneticFactsheets/Vol_02_print.pdf

Education and Places of employment: A certificate or an associates degree in medical or veterinary technology is the minimum qualification to work as a technician in an animal genetics lab. A bachelors degree in science (for example, genetics, biology, biochemistry, or poultry science) followed by a masters degree in an area of specialization is likely to increase job prospects. If youre interested in bioinformatics, besides biology, courses in math, statistics, and computer sciences are essential. A PhD is usually required for teaching at the college level or for conducting independent research.

Places of employment: Animal geneticists can find work in animal biotechnology companies, breeding companies, livestock genetics industries, zoos, non-profit organizations involved in the conservation of endangered species, hatcheries, universities, and the federal government.

Useful links:

Texas A&M University Animal Genetics Laboratory: http://catdnatest.org/TexasAM.html

Texas A&M University Equine Embryo Laboratory: http://vetmed.tamu.edu/equine-embryo-laboratory

Animal geneticist. Knowing genes. Improving animals: http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/usda/careers/pdfs/AnimalGeneticist.pdf

Education: The minimum qualification required to work as a research technician or a research assistant in a laboratory conducting genetics-based entomological research is a bachelors degree in entomology, genetics, molecular biology, or a related field. In addition to a strong science background, some research technician positions require experience in DNA-based techniques and in maintaining insectaries as well as computer skills to collect and analyze data. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: These include government agencies, pest control and agrochemical companies, nature centers, and universities.

Education: For research positions, the minimum qualification is a bachelors degree in genetics, biology, environmental science, ecology, botany, zoology, or a related field. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: These include federal agencies (for example, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), private and non-profit conservation and environmental organizations, nature and forest preserves, zoos, botanical gardens, and universities.

Useful links:

Conservation geneticist. A variety of career directions: http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/2097/Conservation-Geneticist-Variety-Career-Directions.html

Conservation genetics. The University of Utah. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/conservation/index.html

Education: Refer to the Forensics major section

Places of employment: Refer to the Forensics major section

Useful links:

National Center for Forensic Science: http://ncfs.ucf.edu/index.html

Wildlife forensics: http://www.enotes.com/forensic-science/wildlife-forensics

DNA forensics: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/forensics.shtml

Forensic genomics: http://www.forensicgenomics.nl//index.php?parentContentID=&contentID=8ba4ff43-d52c-4b56-a975-1ecedcb96ee4

Research careers in forensics: http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_development/previous_issues/articles/2006_09_15/research_careers_in_forensics/

Education: A strong foundation in mathematics and science is good preparation for research in human genetics. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research. An MD-PhD degree, which provides training in both clinical and basic science, increases opportunities to conduct translational research.

Places of employment: These include medical centers, research institutes, hospitals, and biotech companies.

Useful links:

The future of genetics. Career opportunities for young scientists. http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2006_09_29/noDOI.6711002142138644027

National Human Genome Research Institute Research Investigators: http://www.genome.gov/10000297

Microbial genetics involves studying the genetics of microbes such as bacteria and fungi. Listed below are some areas of research.

Education: An advanced degree in science may not be required for entry-level positions as a research assistant in a microbial genetics laboratory. However, a masters degree in genetics, genomics, or microbiology followed by a PhD increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: These include government agencies, medical centers, universities, pharmaceutical companies, the agricultural industry, and diagnostic laboratories.

Useful links:

Bacterial geneticist/genomicist: http://www.genome.gov/GenomicCareers/career.cfm?id=1

(Also, explore areas of research within the fields of bioinformatics and computational genetics as they overlap with those in the field of statistical genetics.)

Education: Training to become a statistical geneticist can begin with an undergraduate degree in mathematics, statistics, physics, or computer science followed by a graduate degree in statistical genetics. It is also possible to begin with an undergraduate degree in biology or genetics followed by courses in statistics in graduate school. The key is to have a strong background in both biology and mathematics. Computer programming skills are an asset.

Places of employment: These include biostatistics and epidemiology departments in universities; state or federal genetic, genomic, or health centers (for example, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)); and biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and pharmacogenomic companies.

Useful links:

Count on it (Article from naturejobs.com on skills required and employment opportunities in statistical genetics): http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2007/070222/full/nj7130-946a.html

Carolina center for genome sciences, Bioinformatics and computational biology training program: http://genomics.unc.edu/training/bcb.html

Statistical genetics short coursefeaturing Mendel software: http://genomics.unc.edu/events/statgen/ (This course was held in 2010, but check Web site for updates.)

University of Washington, Summer Institute in Statistical Genetics: http://www.biostat.washington.edu/suminst/sisg/general

University of Michigan, Center for statistical genetics: http://csg.sph.umich.edu/index.php (Examples of job descriptions within the field of statistical genetics)

Genetic Analysis Workshop. Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research: http://www.gaworkshop.org/index.html

A review on the field of statistical genetics: http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/1/95.abstract

Statistical geneticist: http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/2857/Statistical-Geneticist.html

Nature Reviews Genetics. Computational genetics: http://www.nature.com/nrg/focus/compgen/index.html (Collection of papers on computational genetics)

Education: A bachelors degree in genetics, biology, biomedical science or a related field is the minimum qualification for entry-level positions as a research technician in the field of veterinary medicine. Masters and PhD degrees lead to opportunities to conduct independent research.

Places of employment: These include veterinary genetic laboratories, private companies that offer veterinary genetic services, universities, animal breeders, biotechnology companies, and medical research institutes.

Education: For research positions, the minimum qualification is a bachelors degree in wildlife biology, zoology, or a related field. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: Federal agencies (for example, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), private and non-profit conservation and environmental organizations, nature and forest preserves, zoos, and wildlife genetics laboratories in universities.

Useful links:

Conservation genetics: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/conservation/

Clinical geneticists are doctors who work with patients to identify, diagnose, and treat genetic diseases. They may also conduct research on genetic disorders; teach interns and residents about the diagnosis and management of clinical genetic disorders; and have administrative roles, for example, planning and coordinating large-scale screening programs for genetic diseases.

Education: After obtaining a medical degree, clinical geneticists complete 2 years of residency in medical disciplines approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), followed by a 2-year ACMGE-accredited residency in clinical genetics. They may then obtain certification (which involves passing an examination administered by the American Board of Medical Genetics) in one of four specialties: clinical genetics, clinical biochemical genetics, clinical cytogenetics, and clinical molecular genetics. (Clinical biochemical geneticists, cytogeneticists, and molecular geneticists may have either an MD or a PhD degree in genetics or a related biological science.)

Places of employment: Clinical geneticists work in research centers, hospitals, or medical centers or have private practices.

Useful links:

American Board of Medical Genetics. Training options: http://www.abmg.org/pages/training_options.shtml

American Board of Medical Genetics. Specialties of genetics. http://www.abmg.org/pages/training_specialties.shtml

Clinical geneticist. http://www.bookrags.com/research/clinical-geneticist-gen-01/

American Board of Medical Specialties: http://www.abms.org/who_we_help/consumers/about_physician_specialties/medical.aspx

Careers in genetics. Genetics Society of America: http://www.genetics-gsa.org/pages/careers_fisher.shtml

Clinical laboratory technologists or scientists perform chemical, biological, hematological, immunologic, microscopic, and bacteriological tests. For example, they may examine body fluids for the presence of bacteria, determine the concentration of compounds such as blood glucose, and prepare blood samples for transfusion. They not only perform laboratory procedures, but interpret test results, conduct research, develop new test methods, perform quality control, and supervise clinical laboratory technicians.

Technologists in large laboratories specialize in a particular field of laboratory science. For example, cytotechnologists examine cells for chromosomal abnormalities.

Education: The minimal educational requirement to qualify for an entry-level position as a clinical laboratory technologist is generally a bachelors degree with a major in medical technology or one of the life sciences.

Bachelors degree programs in medical technology include courses in chemistry, biology, microbiology, math, statistics, management, business, computers as well as specialized clinical laboratory science courses. These programs are offered by universities and academic medical centers, and graduates with a Bachelor of Science degree are eligible to apply to them.

To find a clinical laboratory scientist/medical technologist program accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS), refer to http://www.naacls.org/search/programs.asp.

Graduates of a clinical laboratory science program are eligible for national certification as a clinical laboratory scientist/medical technician by passing an exam administered by the American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification. (For a listing of the certifications and qualifications offered by the board, visit http://www.ascp.org/boc.)

For information on the eligibility criteria for these examinations, visit http://www.ascp.org/FunctionalNavigation/certification/GetCertified/TechnicianCertification.aspx.

Certification and accreditation can also be obtained through the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) and the American Medical Technologists (AMT).

Useful links:

Clinical laboratory science program, MD Anderson. http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/schools-and-programs/school-of-health-professions/programs-and-courses/clinical-laboratory-science/index.html

American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science: http://www.ascls.org/?page=Career_Toolkit

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos096.htm

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomal abnormalities underlying human diseases. A cytogeneticist prepares biological specimens such as blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow, and tumors for chromosome analysis. This involves preparing cell cultures and staining chromosomes using techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and knowledge of techniques such as PCR, fluorescence microscopy, nucleic acid purification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and immunofluorescence staining. For a detailed list of skills expected of cytogenetic technologists, refer to the PDF prepared by the Association of Genetic Technologists (AGT). You can find it here: http://www.agt-info.org/Documents/Cyto%20Statements%20of%20Competence%202001.pdf

Education: The minimum educational requirement to be a cytogenetic technologist is an undergraduate in genetics, biochemistry, or biology followed by a cytogenetic technology program and certification (which is required by some laboratories). Choose a cytotechnology program that is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences.

An undergraduate degree in cytogenetics may be followed directly by certification. A national certification exam is offered by the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Places of employment: Cytogenetic technologists may find work in research institutions, hospitals, and medical laboratories.

Useful links:

MD Anderson Cancer Center, cytogenetic technology program: http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/schools-and-programs/school-of-health-professions/programs-and-courses/cytogenetic-technology/index.html

Mayo Clinic cytogenetic technology program: http://www.mayo.edu/mshs/cytogen-cytogen.html

Cytogenetic technology program: http://www.uthscsa.edu/shp/cyto/success.asp

Occupational network online, Cytogenetic technologists: http://online.onetcenter.org/link/summary/29-2011.01

Cytogenetic Technologist: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/40/ls05-cytogen-tech.pdf

Health Careers Center, Cytogenetic Technologist:

http://www.mshealthcareers.com/careers/cytogenetictechnologist.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/how-do-i-become-a-cytogenetic-technologist.htm

http://education-portal.com/cytogenetic_technologist.html

Association of genetic technologists: http://www.agt-info.org/

Molecular genetic technologists study DNA for various purposes: to determine familial cancer risk, to diagnose neurological disorders, to identify microbiological agents, to match tissues for organ transplantation, to identify disaster or crime victims, and to determine parentage.

The following are some examples of skills molecular genetic technologists should have, according to the Statements of competence for molecular genetic technologists.

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What kind of jobs can I get with a Genetics major? | Texas A ...

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Dr. James Fortson, Ear, Nose, Throat Head & Neck Surgery, 285 Boulevard N.E. Ste. 220, Georgia 30307, 404.768.9350, 404.659.2273, http://www.fortsonent.com. A reader writes: "He's quiet and I had no idea he would be so expert or kind. Dr. Fortson is an amazing surgeon with a great deal of skill and compassion for his patients. His caregiving was excellent and I highly recommend him. His staff is competent and they made my life easier." (Added 6/05)

Atlanta

Dr. Jim Barron, gynecology, 780 Johnson Ferry Rd., Ga. 30304, 404-497-4700. A reader writes: "In addition to solving problems, Dr. Barron has wonderful bedside manner. He has a great support team as well, and can bring some comic relief to a situation that's sometimes too serious." (Added 6/05)

Atlanta

Frank Matalone, DO, Nutrition, 4646 North Shallowford Rd, Atlanta, Ga 30338, 770-676-6000. http://www.progressivemedicalcenter.com

Note: some patients report that this practice may require extensive -- and very costly (up to $3000) -- testing as part of initial evaluation. (March 2009)

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Atlanta/Dunwoody

Viktor Bouquette, MD, Integrative Medicine, 4646 North Shallowford Rd #100, Ga 30338 770-676-6000, 770-392-9805 Fax http://www.progressivemedicacenter.com. Note: some patients report that this practice may require extensive -- and very costly (up to $3000) -- testing as part of initial evaluation. (March 2009)

A reader writes: "He listens to me and knew that my thyroid was not functioning optimally despite my PCP stating otherwise. I have been to numerous doctors with no answers until I decided to go to Progressive Medical. They turned around my life." (Added 6/05)

Another reader writes of Viktor Bouquette, MD, Frank Matalone, DO, NMD, Gez Agolli, NMD PhD Another reader writes: "They get to the root cause of disease, specializing in diagnosing and correcting underlying metabolic disorders. Including thyroid and adrenal disorders." (Added 6/05)

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Atlanta

Dr. Kimberly Williford, Holistic/complementary/alternative MD, Naturopathic Doctor, 4646 N Shallowford Rd, Atlanta, GA 30338, Atlanta, GA, progressivemedicalcenter.com

Note: some patients report that this practice may require extensive -- and very costly (up to $3000) -- testing as part of initial evaluation. (March 2009)

A reader writes: Dr. Williford is wonderful. She, like everyone else at Progressive, thinks outside of the box and treats patients using complementary therapy. She prefers Armour, and also treats adrenal fatigue. I love her; she's done a lot to improve my quality of living. She is young, too, so I feel (as a younger woman) I can relate to her." (March 2009)

Atlanta

Dr. Harry K. Delcher, Endocrinologist, Other, Institute for Metabolic Research, Hammond Drive, Atlanta, GA, Atlanta, GA, Phone/Fax: (404) 943-0328 A reader writes: "For those in the North Atlanta area suffering from thyroid, metabolic issues, autoimmune diseases Dr. Delcher is the best. He is supportive and listens. After visiting several doctors that said no to T3 or Armor thyroid. He is also knowledgeable about female hormone issues and insulin/metabolic disorders. He is truly an excellent Doctor." (Added October 2007)

Atlanta

Dr. Jeff Donohue, Holistic/complementary/alternative MD, 107 West Paces Ferry Rd., NW Atlanta, GA, 30305, 866-460-3246, http://www.bodylogicmd.com jdonohuemd@bodylogicmd.com

A reader writes: "It took years to find the right doctor to treat my subclinical hypothyroidism. I found Dr. Donohue on referral. He was the only doctor to find that my testosterone levels were at "0" and treat me. He is extremely patient-friendly. He isn't intimidated by a patient's knowledge or questions. He is knowledgeable on thyroid issues, BHRT, and adrenal issues. He is cash only but well worth it for feeling well again!" (March 2009)

Atlanta

Alex Rikhter, MD, Internal Medicine, 1140 Hammond Drive, Suite G-7105, Atlanta, GA 30328, 770-351-0900. aerikhter@yahoo.com. "I have been to so many doctors and this is the first doctor I can ever say is Amazing! He asks questions, not from a chart, but from his head and heart. He wants to understand exactly how your feeling and talk to you about it. Dr. Rikhter tells you all of your options so you can talk about them together. He has genuine concern with how you feel and the problem isn't solved until you feel 110% better. He is someone you can call at 8 pm, like a friend, if you need anything. He is such a caring person and loves what he does. I guarantee you that there are no other doctors out there like him. This is the first doctor I can say I trust with my life. I am moving about an hour away and I will always go to him." (Added 6/02)

Another reader recommends Dr. Rikhter: "Dr. Rikhter is an amazingly patient doctor. He listens and takes the time to explain everything thoroughly. Once, after a long, confusing explanation, he even asked me, patiently, if I wanted him to explain again. He never rushes through an appointment or makes me feel like he has any other patients but me. He's also always prompt with his appointments. Dr. Rikhter is a wonderful doctor in every way. I would (and do) recommend him to everyone." (added 1/04)

Atlanta

Dr. John M. Wolff, MD, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Doctor and Internal Medicine Doctor, 3193 Howell Mill Road North West, Atlanta, Georgia (GA). "Dr Wolff fought for me and showed true empathy. I have also referred two friends to Dr Wolff that still thank me for sending them to such a wonderful doctor. He successfully resolved or treated their issues - thyroid tumor/nodules and hypothyroidism." (August 2007)

Atlanta

Carol Greenlee -- No longer listed (October 2006)

Atlanta

Dr. Scott Isaacs -- no longer listed (October 2007)

Atlanta / Roswell / Dunwoody

Dr. John Hamilton "Chip" Reed III, Endocrinologist -- NO LONGER

Atlanta - Buckhead Area

Dr. Spencer Welch -- no longer listed

Augusta

Dayal Davis Raja, M.D. Endocrinologist, Oncologist, 1040 Alexander Drive, Suite 3322 Augusta, 30909

A reader writes: "Excellent US trained, Board Certified and completed an Endocrinology Fellowship". This was how Dr.Raja was described to me, but it was his pleasant personality, intelligence, time with me to explain all that he was doing, and why he was doing everything that impressed me. He really made me feel like I was in control of my condition for the first time and so far so good! " (March 2009)

Brunswick

Dr. Arlauskas, Surgeon, 3 Tower Medical Park, 3215 Shrine Road, Brunswick, GA 31520-4300. (912) 265-5125. A reader writes: "Doctor Arlauskas is simply amazing. He is a brilliant surgeon who is not only gifted but caring. He answered every one of my questions and continued to explain my situation in lay term so that I left with a level of comfort and clear understanding on what the next steps were. Don't let his young looks fool you; he is 36 year old (2006) and has performed hundreds of Thyroid operations with great success. I have been told by other Oncologist in the area he is the one they always recommend and is considered to be the best Surgeon in Glynn County, GA. I thank him for saving my life." (October 2006).

Brunswick

Dr. Jamieson, Oncologist, 2500 Starling Street, Brunswick, GA 31520. (912) 466-5100. A reader writes: "Doctor Jamieson is an extremely skilled Radiation Oncologist who is as personable as they come. He is knowledge and expertise is second only to his care for the patient. He was able to answer all of my questions in a manor that could easily be understood and gave me great hope of success. I thank him for pursuing the thyroid and other cancers and for saving my life." (October 2006).

Brunswick

Dr. Anna Cabeca, General practice/internist/primary care, Osteopath/DO, 2712 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA 31520-4727. (912) 267-7780. http://www.cabecahealth.com, drcabeca@cabecahealth.com. A reader writes: "After years of infertility, chronic fatigue, weight gain, constipation, muscle aches and general malaise, Dr.Cabeca's nurse practitioner, Cheryl Tyler, WHNP took the extra step to do an T3 and T4 test. Both were extremely low and she immediately started me on armour thyroid. Four months later, I miscarried. Dr. Cabeca took an "aggressive" approach, placed me on synthroid and raised my dosage based on my basal temperature. Not only did my symptoms greatly improve, I now have a much greater chance of becoming pregnant. I am recommending Dr. Cabeca because she's the only physician in five years who took the time to do the lab work, monitor my basal temperature and reassure me the symptoms were not all in my head. She is also ruling out all other causes for the miscarriage. If I had found her when my symptoms first started, the quality of my life would have significantly improved and I may not be trying to have my first child at 35. I would strongly recommend her to any woman with thyroid or fertility issues." (October 2006).

A reader writes: "Excellent holistic health provider!" (Added October 2007)

Covington

Dr. M. Manning, Internist, 7138 Georgia Highway, 30016 Phone 770-786-9700 "Dr. Manning has worked with me and we have come a long way," says this reader. "Started out with "your tests are normal," so it must be your heart or so on and so on. When I keep in his face after all the heart tests and depression meds he said "what would you like to do?" WOW! We started with a change to Armour and tests for Ft3 Ft4 and tsh. Now we treat me together, not a lab report."

Cumming

Alan Einstein Internist 1100 Baptist Medical Center Dr. Suite 230 Cumming, GA 30041 678-455-3833. A reader writes: "This doctor is willing to work with his patients to find solutions. He is not threatened by patients who read, he actually likes for his patients to take an active part in their treatment. He prescribed Armour for me before I could ask. He uses special formularies of T3 when needed. In addition to be a good doctor, he is also warm, caring and a lot of fun! He is on most insurance plans." (Added 4/03)

Cumming

Dr. Michael Milton, Family Practice, Advanced Medicine and Longevity Center 6030 Bethelview Road, Suite 403 Cumming, GA, 30040 "I have been suffering with thyroid problems for almost 4 years now," shares this reader, "Moving from Doctor to Doctor and getting absolutely nowhere. I was referred to Dr. Milton by a friend and he gave me the light at the end of the tunnel. He uses the Barnes Theory of diagnosing Thyroid dysfunctions and works with his patients and listens and then does what it takes to have his patients thyroid working at peak performance. He prescribes Armour Thyroid. I live in Michigan. This is nothing new to him as he has patients all the way from Japan. His staff is fantastic and very warm and helpful. I was at my wits end. After two miscarriages back to back and 4 years of turmoil this man by the grace of God has given me my life back."

Another fan of Dr. Milton writes: Dr. Michael Milton. General practice. 770-205-6068. A reader writes: "This is a Top Doc because he knows his stuff about the thyroid. I had been suffering for a long time and had tried convincing doctors of what I thought was going on with me -- but he took one look at me and knew. Even still -- he read over all my notes that I had been taking -- of symptoms I had been having and the various dosages of Synthroid I was on at the time -- which just wasn't working. He validated my feelings and the symptoms I was having -- for the first time in a long time. He sat with me for a good while and explained about thyroid & pituitary function -- and possible malfunctions -- reverse T3 -- and sounded as if he was reading from Mary's book. Thanks to the forum -- I was able to ask intelligent questions and concerns about symptoms that I was having -- whether they were related to the thyroid -- and he was not put off by that and did not act offended that I was questioning things -- as I have had happen before. In fact -- I think he was rather impressed that I knew so much about my own health. After he had spent some time with me -- he had his nurse come in and he re-explained everything in her presence -- so she would be familiar with my situation too -- and to make sure I understood everything. It was such a relief to know that there is actually someone out there with an open mind. He's agreeable to phone consultations and will adjust dosages as needed over the phone. He's about 40 miles from where I live -- but I'd gladly make the drive on a daily basis if needed to see him. He's worth the out of pocket money to see him and worth the drive to go see."

Another reader writes: "I have gone to a lot of endocrinologists in the Atlanta area over the past 12 years. Dr. Milton is the first doctor I would recommend. He studied under Dr. Coddington and has a special technique for diagnosing thyroid function along with standard blood tests. I always hear people in the waiting room talking about how he is best doctor they have ever been to. He is willing to listen and help. I go a long distance to see him when other doctors are closer. It is about a 2 month wait getting in to see him but he is worth the wait."

Another reader recommends Dr. Milton: "I realize that there are other recommendations for Dr. Milton already posted. That's the way I found him. But I must tell everyone that I have been seeing him since March, 2002. He is terrific. I had been to 4 doctors who told me that I was just severely depressed. One sent me to a psychiatrist. I just kept telling all of them that I was only depressed because they wouldn't listen and treat my hypothyroidism. Dr. Milton did extensive blood work. I am now on Armour and Cytomel and I'm doing better all the time. He is terrific and I recommend him highly." (Added 11/02)

More praise for Dr. Milton: I have been to many doctors who have treated my symptoms without finding the disease. Many TSH tests have come back "normal" and I was about to give up. I was referred to Dr. Milton and the first thing that he said to me was that he wanted to be sure to understand what I was telling him and also that I understand what he is explaining to me. He took plenty of time with me and did, in fact, diagnose me with hypothyroidism. I finally have a doctor who can help me! The 2.5 hour drive was well worth it!!! (1/04)

Another reader writes: "Dr. Milton listens and understands. If you have 50 questions (like I did) he will answer everyone of them. Since I've been with this doctor for 2 years, he has helped me lose my weight (45 lbs). He prescribes Armour thyroid and treats me not just my lab results. I drive 150 miles one way to his office and it's well worth the drive. I highly recommend him to someone else with hypothyroidism. I wouldn't have found Dr. Milton without this site, THANK YOU!" (Added: June 2004)

Another reader writes: "He saved my life." (Added: June 2004)

Another fan: "Dr. Milton really listens to you as a patient and as an intelligent human being. I knew something had to be terribly wrong with me because I was exercising, watching my food intake, and not losing an ounce. On top of that, the fatigue I was feeling was overwhelming. Dr. Milton has given me a light of what has been a very long tunnel of other doctors and medications. Thank you, Dr. Milton, from the bottom of my heart." (Added Dec. 04)

Another reader reports: "I went to Dr. Milton because of the comments on this website. He has definitely done more toward resolving my lingering symptoms from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis than any other Dr. I've been to in the Atlanta area since being diagnosed (after almost fainting in the waiting room) by my Ob/GYN almost 8 years ago. Dr. Milton does more for the mind/body connection than anyone I've been to, and he promotes patient involvement, reading books, taking vitamin supplements and such. I was frustrated that I didn't think things were moving as fast as they could though. He was treating me like I had just been diagnosed, rather than his being about the 6th or 7th in a long line of Docs for almost 8 years. I have VERY severe PMS, and he hesitated to address this symptom, even after my 3rd visit. He seems to have a strict plan with steps that he does not alter from, even if you have been there before. This is hard if your insurance does not cover his visits as he does NOT accept any form of insurance up front. I think he would be perfect for someone suspecting they have a thyroid problem, or has been misdiagnosed by a Dr. that only does a standard TSH test. Dr. Milton is very up to date on tests and has no problem ordering them and subscribing natural thyroid hormones, but remember that he does not accept insurance and requires full payment at the visit. You must file your own insurance." (Added 6/05)

Yet another reader writes: "Dr. Milton is remarkable. He has a holistic approach to medicine and will sit and talk with you for however long it takes to answer your questions and explain his techniques and treatments. But, probably the best thing about Dr. Milton is his office staff. I have left doctors in the past because their staff was thoughtless, rigid and seemingly uncaring. To me, that speaks more about a doctor's character than anything that takes place in the examining room. His waiting room is light, airy and comfortable. There's a small, bubbling fountain and a table where you can help yourself to a cup of hot, herbal tea. But, you never wait in there long. I've never had to wait longer than 15 minutes to see him, and that only happened once. He has pictures of his children in his office and when you ask about them, he glows with pride. It's rare to find a doctor who's not afraid to connect with patients in such a personal way. I owe him a lot." (Added 6/05)

Another fan of Dr. Milton: "Dr. Milton is awesome! His practice offers real personalized medicine. He listens to your symptoms and then treats you based on those symptoms. I wish there were more doctors like him out there." (Added 10/05)

More feedback: "I have Graves Disease and refusing to do RAI, TT, STT and wanting to stay on ATD's, I had been thru 15 endos in the last year. Nobody was willing to work with me. I wanted to start on modified Block and Replace (most drs. don't even know what this is). I found Dr. Milton thru this website - thank you Mary Shomon for having a place I could go to!, Dr.Milton is everything and then some in the good dr. category. He listened, didn't discount anything I was feeling, and agreed with me about the modified B&R. After struggling for 5 years with this disease, I have found the "jewel". He doesn't take insurance, but worth any out of pocket costs." (August 2007)

More praise: "Dr. Milton is awesome. I was diagnosed with graves disease and was treated with RAI by my first endocrinologist who used a cookie cutter approach to any thyroid problem. My body crashed and my first doctor didn't catch the signs until I was very sick. A friend suggested I go to Dr. Milton and he had me feeling like a new person within a week. I don't know if it was the Armor or the herbal treatments but whatever it is it worked. He is caring and will listen to your concerns and needs. He is out of network but it is well worth it. He will work with you by letting you get your labs drawn at you general physician so your insurance will cover it. " (Added October 2007)

Another reader writes: "Dr. Milton has been treating my hypothyroidism/Hashimoto's for 6 months now. He also diagnosed Adrenal Stress which answered a lot of questions. He helped me understand my autoimmune condition, and the mind/body connection. My hair has stopped falling out and I am feeling generally well and learning how to live with Hashimoto's." (May 2008)

Another reader writes: "I was diagnosed with Hashimoto's 3 years ago and self treated for 2 years until my adrenals were completely burned out and I was just getting worse. After 2 visits, Dr. Milton has me on the right track with thyroid and adrenal treatments. After the first visit, i was sleeping better and hot flashes went away in 2 weeks. Last year i tried Progressive Medical, but did not find them helpful at all. They wanted to focus on candida and "leaky gut" rather than thyroid or adrenal issues. Dr. Milton gets right to the root of the problem and explains everything so I understand what is going on. He also encourages me to educate myself about the autoimmunity." (May 2008)

More praise: "Dr. Milton blends the scientific with the holistic and it makes a big difference. I spent over 20 years with a hypothyroid condition that no other doctor could figure out. My test ranges were considered normal, but what I (and other doctors) didn't know is that it is the ratio between the T3, T4 and TSH levels that is important in treating this condition. It takes a PROPER diagnosis, which many doctors are not trained on(Why is this so???). I discounted my symptoms, like many women do, and tried to ignore it or as one doctor said "Just have another cup of coffee.", which was the worst advice. I was craving salty foods like mad, had a low temperature, low blood pressure, low heart rate, and was exhausted all the time. I have always been a very healthy person so I couldn't understand why I felt so bad--I didn't even have the energy to do the things I liked doing, like shopping or working out. Here's what to expect with Dr. Milton: Be prepared to be diagnosed properly, but be aware that it does take time to get test results back. It takes 2 months to get an initial appointment, so make the appointment as soon as you can. Once you get there, they don't take insurance, but they do provide you with the paperwork that you need to file with your own. Otherwise, it is about $200 for the initial consultation. It's worth every penny. After his evaluation, you will probably need some blood tests, which they will work with you if you can use the lab that your insurance uses. It takes a couple of weeks for them to get the tests back...yes, hang in there...but it is the second consultation where he can assimilate the information from the tests with his evaluation. Again, worth every penny and the 55 miles each way I drive to see him. In my case, I also needed an adrenal test, so it will be a few more weeks before I find out the results. Now, I am on Armor and I thank God every day for this man because it has been almost 2 weeks and I'm feeling better." (June 2008)

A reader writes: "Thank goodness I checked your site for someone who was able to treat my problem competently. Even on thyroid medication from another doctor on this list, I was still feeling terrible, he kept blaming it on stress. I went to Dr. Milton and within 4 days was feeling so much better. Even though my blood work looked normal, he got to the root of the problem. I also like that while you are talking, he types notes into his computer and then gives you a copy before you leave. His office schedules adequate time, you are never rushed and he takes the time to listen. I'm going to switch the rest of my family over to him as their primary doctor. " (March 2009)

Duluth

Dr. Susan H. Boyle -- NO LONGER LISTED. Asked to be removed. (June 2006)

Gainesville

Doctor Robert Grant, Endo, 174 Prior St. NE, Gainesville, GA, 770-5361381. "Dr. Grant considers more than just blood test and is willing to prescribe T3 (Cytomel) and Armour. My TSH was very low. Instead of automatically reducing my thyroid medication, he asked "How do you feel?" I replied," I feel great. For the first time in years my joint pain is gone, my memory has returned, and I'm no longer having emotional swings and episodes of rage." He considered other factors such as pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperatures and my past problems Mercury poisoning and with the ineffectiveness of Synthroid. He wanted me to stay on the relatively high dose of Armour and Cytomel. I asked, because the T3 levels were at the top of normal, "Should I reduce the T3?" He replied, "Keep taking it." AT LAST A DOCTOR WHO DOES NOT PLAY THE BLOOD TEST NUMBERS GAME. He is an older doctor and takes the time necessary to get to know all about you. In addition, he is reasonable and will not over charge the patient."

Gainesville

Dr. Jeffrey Lev, Endocrinology, 660-B Lanier Park Drive NE, Gainesville, GA 30505, 706-532-8999 (behind Lanier Park Hospital). A reader shares the following, "He has prescribed Armour to me, and was extremely open minded to alternative treatments. I was very pleased with his demeanor and would highly recommend him to someone else with hypothyroidism."

Another recommendation: "I am a 3 year Graves disease patient who is adamant about staying on anti-thyroid meds and will avoid RAI at all costs. Dr. Lev is the 3rd Endo I have seen for my Graves. He is calm, compassionate and thorough. He listened to my concerns and complaints and did NOT try to force RAI on me. He even has a sense of humor...imagine that...an Endo with a sense of humor! At my first visit to Dr. Lev he spent a solid hour with me taking a full, thorough background history including the health of extended family. Then we spent another 30 minutes discussing my treatment to date and what we would do in the future for me. His knowledge of Graves specifically might be lacking a bit, as he believes in the TSH test (which I do not) and he did mention RAI once to me, but understood where I stand after I explained why I feel so strongly about avoiding RAI. I must say that the hour I spent with Dr. Lev was a welcome change from the other 2 Endo's I've seen over the last 3 years who would rush me in and rush me out within 15 minutes. I feel like I was HEARD for the first time since I was diagnosed! I'm thrilled to have found him, and I thank the original poster who listed him on this site, as I probably would not have found him without this site!" (Added 6/02).

Another reader writes: "Dr. Jeffery Lev helped me to successfully reduced my A1C from 12.7 to 6.0 in a 9 month time frame. I would highly recommend him to other diabetic or endocrinology patients." (Added: Dec. 04)

Gainesville

Karen Newell, MD, Women's problems, Alternative Medicine, 1016 Thompson Bridge Road, Gainesville, GA 30501, (770)533-4494/(770)533-9919, www. gahealthandmedicine.com. "Caring, up to date. Various therapies, incl. acupuncture chelation and hyperbaric oxygen." (Added 6/02)

Another recommendation: "I had been to many different doctors to find out what was wrong with me, and I finally found Dr. Newell. She made it a point to find out what was wrong with me and have me well in less than a year. She is very sweet and caring and wants all her patients well enough so that they don't have to come back." (Added 6/02)

Kingsland

Jimmy Diaz, Internal medicine/Integrated medicine, 140 Lakes Blvd, Suite D, Ga 31548, 912-729-6606, drjimmydiaz@tds.net. A reader writes: "This doctor is awesome. I feel so good after giving up endocrinologist that wasn't helping me at all and getting to Dr. Diaz. I am now on Armour Thyroid and feeling great. This doctor cares enough to make whatever is wrong with you right. Please call if you're around here. I have a new lease on life." (Added 6/05)

Another reader recommends Dr. Diaz: "This doctor is a rare find. He listens and sincerely wants to help you get your life back." (Added 10/05)

Lawrenceville

David W. Kunz -- No longer listed (March 2009)

Lawrenceville

Dr. David Shore -- NO LONGER LISTED (April 2006)

Macon

A. Keith Martin, Surgeon. 330 Hospital Drive, Suite 315 (912) 750-8606. A reader shares, "Dr. Martin and his entire staff are first-rate. When diagnosed with Thyroid cancer he spent as much time as my husband and I needed to evaluate treatment options, the procedure, side effects, etc. In fact, after the surgery he came to check on me three times that day and twice more before I was discharged the day after my surgery, to make sure that I was doing well, that the hospital staff was responsive to my needs and to assure my husband that I was doing well!! He continued to follow up with my care for 6 months...and I have no noticeable thyroid "necklace" to show for his skill as a surgeon! I thoroughly recommend this practice for those needing thyroid surgery in Middle Georgia. He skill and concern are well worth the drive."

Macon

Dr. Lisa Snellgrove, General practice/internist/primary care, Macon, Georgia , (478) 742-8461 "I am a nurse and was working at the same hospital Dr. Snellgrove was working at this day i am going to discuss. I was 4 months postpartum and feeling horrible. I knew something was wrong I was so "brain-fogged" that I could not figure what was going on. I was faxing something and had my side 2 the doorway and Dr. Snellgrove walked in and immediately told me she thought something was wrong with me and she was pretty sure it was my thyroid (keep in mind she had not seen me prev. this day and really did not know me well). well then it clicked so I went to my MD at the time that day 2 have my labs drawn and sure enough my TSH was 224. She practically saved my life and is now my md! She is brilliant and I highly recommend her!" (July 2008)

Marietta

A reader writes: "A Top Doc in Marietta, Georgia is Dr. Ralph Lee, a family physician who practices preventive medicine and nutrition therapy. He prescribes natural Armour thyroid, diagnoses and treats food allergies and Candida, and is a very nice, unpretentious man. His number is 770-423-0064."

Marietta

Elyse Glaser, Endocrinologist -- NO LONGER LISTED

Macon

Lesley Cowan,M.D., Internal Med, 3951 Ridge Ave, Macon Ga 31210, 478-757-7345. A reader writes: "After trips to so many other doctors, she is the first to listen and believe the symptoms are real even though some lab values are only borderline. She WILL keep trying until she helps you. She gave me my life back! I feel so good after feeling so bad for so many years. She is Doctor Wonderful!" (June 2006).

Original post:
Georgia Top Doctors -- Best Thyroid Doctors ...

Specialties

We are a private practice specializing in spine and sports medicine. Our practice takes a team approach in caring for and treating our patients. We believe this approach is the best way to effectively manage your injuries as you recover.

Our multidisciplinary staff includes a team of board certified physicians and licensed physical therapists. Our treatments center on conservative non-surgical approaches to help minimize your pain and restore your body's function back.

Dr. Craig Feuerman specializes in musculoskeletal, spine and sports medicine. He has a dual board certification in the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and also the specialty of Sports Medicine. He completed his residency training at the renowned RUSK Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine at New York University Medical Center.

He is an active diplomat of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Dr. Feuerman has also been appointed to faculty at Columbia University Medical Center as a Clinical Assistant Professor and enjoys teaching residents at New York Presbyterian Hospital.

He has expertise in performing electromyography and nerve conduction testing as a tool in diagnosing muscle and nerve disorders. Dr. Feuerman takes a conservative and compassionate approach to treating his patients. He enjoys helping patients recover from their injuries.

Link:
City Sports Medicine - Physical Therapy - Flatiron - New York ...

We have already talked about CR and longevitynow we are going to bring up what scientists are calling the longevity gene otherwise known as SIRT1. The main story quoted below comes from an article called Unlocking the Secrets of Longevity Genes in the Scientific American Feb 06 (all thanks to Thomas for sending me the issue). You can also read that article online here. (good read, more technical) Heres some of the main highlights:

At one time, scientists believed aging to be not just deterioration but an active continuation of an organisms genetically programmed development. This idea has been discredited, and conventional wisdom now holds that aging really is just wearing out over time because the bodys normal maintenance and repair mechanisms simply wane.

Evolutionary natural selection, the logic goes, has no reason to keep them working once an organism has passed its reproductive age. Yet we and other researchers have found that a family of genes involved in an organisms ability to withstand a stressful environment, such as excessive heat or scarcity of food or water, have the power to keep its natural defense and repair activities going strong regardless of age.

By optimizing the bodys functioning for survival, these genes maximize the individuals chances of getting through the crisis. And if they remain activated long enough, they can also dramatically enhance the organisms health and extend its life span. In essence, they represent the opposite of aging geneslongevity genes.

So by under going types of stress, the body is able to respond and activate genes that are responsible for cellular repair and protection. So our aging model is essentially dictated by the cellular health (as it should besince we are made up of trillions of cells in our bones, tissues, organs). Once our cells are damaged for whatever reason, they need to be repaired with healthy materials or they will continue along their destructive path (which can be cancer, disease or death).

Restricting an animals calorie intake is the most famous intervention known to extend life span. Discovered more than 70 years ago, it is still the only one absolutely proven to work. Most diseases, including cancer, diabetes and even neurodegenerative illnesses, are forestalled. The organism seems to be supercharged for survival.

The phenomenon was long attributed to a simple slowing down of metabolismcells production of energy from fuel moleculesand therefore reduction of its toxic by-products in response to less food. But this view now appears to be incorrect.

Calorie restriction does not slow metabolism in mammals, and in yeast and worms, metabolism is both sped up and altered by the diet. We believe, therefore, that calorie restriction is a biological stressor like natural food scarcity that induces a defensive response to boost the organisms chances of survival. In mammals, its effects include changes in cellular defenses, repair, energy production and activation of programmed cell death known as apoptosis.

So this is pretty powerful stuff. Survival mechanisms turned on by Calorie Restriction/Fasting (a natural evolutionary stress) turn on a primal response that increase a cells defense (against toxins, free radicals or other destructive elements), can increase cellular repair (and therefore the health of wherever the cells are located.as if you repair cells in the heart, the heart gets stronger) and positively effect energy production which could lead to improved performance. Not only that but it also has the potential to stall progressive damage at the cellular level as seen in degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neuro-based illnesses.

The mammalian version of the yeast SIR2 gene is known as SIRT1 (SIR2 homolog 1). Several of these proteins targeted by Sirt1 have been identified and are known to control critical processes, including apoptosis, cell defenses and metabolism.

Increased Sirt1 in mice and rats, for example, allows some of the animals cells to survive in the face of stress that would normally trigger their programmed suicide. Sirt1 thus enhances cellular repair mechanisms while buying time for them to work.

Over the course of a lifetime, cell loss from apoptosis (cell death) may be an important factor in aging, particularly in nonrenewable tissues such as the heart and brain, and slowing cell death may be one way Sirtuins promote health and longevity.

Recent research by Pere Puigserver of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and his colleagues has shown that NAD levels rise in liver cells under fasting conditions, prompting increased Sirt1 activity.

Through CR/short term fasting conditions we send signals that could in fact slow down apoptosis/cell death. This is a breakthrough when it comes to anti-aging, as obviously the longer keep our cells and organs functioning properly, then the longer we are able to live. But have the cells in your brain, heart, lungs start to die off and cause disease through organ disfunction/declinethen you are accelerating your aging (which really is just a fancy way of saying getting closer to death).

By reducing fat stores, calorie restriction may establish a pattern of hormone signals that communicates scarcity, which activates cell defenses. Indeed, Sirt1 activity is increased in fat cells after food limitation, causing fat stores to move from the cells into the bloodstream for conversion to energy in other tissues. This effect on fat and the signals it sends would, in turn, set the pace of aging in the entire organism and make Sirt1 a key regulator of the longevity conferred by calorie restriction in mammals.

Another reason that losing weight and keeping it off is important to longevity and health. With a low bodyfat and CR/Fasting, you signal famine with little fat stores for backuptherefore increasing cell defenses for the upcoming stress of famine (more SIRT1 activity).

Another critical process modified by Sirt1 is inflammation, which is involved in a number of disorders, including cancer, arthritis, asthma, heart disease and neurodegeneration. Recent work by Martin W. Mayo and his colleagues at the University of Virginia has shown that Sirt1 inhibits NF-B, a protein complex that promotes the inflammatory response.

Sirt1 controls inflammation which is a factor in many diseases and aging. We have already seen the CR had positive effects on inflammation in this study (found in the resources section): Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderative asthma

The Sirt1-activating compound resveratrol has the same effect.

Also you may have heard of the health benefits of red wine, and now the latest supplement to hit the market called resveratrol. We can now see the pathway in which it can have in reducing inflammation, degenerative diseases and anti-aging through activating more Sirt1 activity. Could this stuff be for real? We look more into that in Part II.

As we wrap up Part I and all the info above, here are some additional interesting studies on Sirt1 including:

photo above from physiologyonline.physiology.org

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The Longevity Gene SIRT1 CR, Fasting and Aging Diseases

The Integrative Medicine Program engages patients and their families to become active participants in improving their physical, psycho-spiritual and social health. The ultimate goals are to optimize health, quality of life and clinical outcomes through personalized evidence-based clinical care, exceptional research and education.

We provide access to multiple data bases of authoritative, up to date reviews on the evidence and safety for the use of herbs, supplements, vitamins, and minerals, as well as other complementary medicine modalities.

To support our efforts in clinical care, research, education and training please consider a donation.

If you are interested in our clinical services and free group classes please visit our Integrative Medicine Center.

Our research focuses on reducing the negative consequences of cancer diagnosis and treatment through studying the use of modalities such as acupuncture, meditation and yoga to treat side effects and improve quality of life. We study the use of plants and other natural compounds to treat cancer and cancer-related symptoms. We also examine the benefits of physical activity, nutrition, stress management and social support on health outcomes.

The goal of the education is to provide authoritative, evidence-based information for health care professionals, caregivers and patients who would like to safely incorporate complementary medicine therapies with conventional cancer care. Our Integrative Medicine Program offers educational activities and trainings, such as a monthly Lecture Series , Research Club, Journal Club, Integrative Oncology Education Series, conferences and workshops.

The Integrative Medicine Center offers professional guidance to assist patients regarding their personalized, comprehensive treatments. The Center provides services and programs that work together with conventional cancer care and focus on physical, mind-spirit, and social health.

Please visit our "Audio & Video" library online.

Group classes calendar is featured in the Newsletter.

Last updated on 1/20/2016

Thursday, February 11 6:30 p.m. - 8 p.m.

at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Audrey Jones Beck Building

Friends of Integrative Medicine exists to raise awareness within MD Anderson and the larger Houston community of the important role of integrative medicine in cancer prevention and in helping those with cancer live better and longer.

Become a member today for access to lectures and exclusive, member-only events.

Contact Kira Taniguchi for more information.

The MD Anderson Integrative Medicine Program is a current member of:

and

Read the rest here:
Discover What Integrative Medicine Is | MD Anderson Cancer ...

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term condition where the body either no longer makes a hormone called insulin or the insulin that is made no longer works as well as it should. Either way, high levels of glucose (a form of sugar) build in the blood. High glucose levels cause damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes increases the risk for heart attacks and strokes.

Diabetes is the primary cause of new cases of adult blindness, kidney failure, and non-traumatic lower-limb amputation. Over a million Michigan adults have diabetes.

Learn How to Manage Diabetes

Prediabetes is a condition where people have higher than normal blood glucose levels, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes. People with prediabetes are at high risk of developing diabetes. In Michigan, it is estimated over 2.6 million adults have prediabetes.

Learn How to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the result of long-term damage to the kidneys usually caused by chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension. More than 900,000 Michigan adults suffer from chronic kidney disease.

For more information about chronic kidney disease visit the National Kidney Foundation of Michigan at http://www.nkfm.org.

Diabetes Self-Management Education Certification Program To increase availability and improve the quality of diabetes self-management education, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Certification Program has developed review criteria based on national standards. The Certification Program staff provide consultation services related to the standards and certification process. Programs that meet criteria and are certified are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement. Four Critical Times for Self-Management Education

Diabetes Prevention Program Michigan's Diabetes Prevention Program collaborates strategically to increase the delivery of evidence-based prevention messaging and programs such as the National Diabetes Prevention Program to high risk populations to reduce diabetes risk. The National Diabetes Prevention Program is an evidence-based lifestyle change program for preventing type 2 diabetes and is offered in many Michigan communities through delivery organizations.

Michigan Partners on the PATH PATH (Personal Action Toward Health) is a chronic disease self-management program that helps participants build the skills they need for the day-to-day management of a chronic disease. PATH is a six-week workshop and covers topics including healthy eating, relaxation techniques, problem solving and communication skills.

For more information, please contact Karen McCloskey at McCloskeyK@michigan.gov.

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Program The Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity program presents fact sheets about behavioral and risk factor indicators of Michigan adults with diabetes, prediabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure.

Mission of the MDHHS Diabetes and Prevention Control Program: To establish and implement prevention strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and its complications among Michigan residents.

For questions, data requests or more information about the Michigan Diabetes Prevention and Control Program call 517-335-8853.

Staff of the Diabetes and Other Chronic Disease Section

Useful Links

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Michigan Diabetes Prevention and Control Program

Diabetes Education

The St. Joseph Mercy Center for Diabetes offers in-depth diabetes education. We help people with diabetes learn how to take care of themselves and reduce their risk of developing complications. We are approved by the American Diabetes Association and the Michigan Department of Community Health. These organizations make sure that our program meets the highest standards.

Our Registered Dietitians and Registered Nurses are Certified Diabetes Educators who specialize in diabetes education. We provide group and one-on-one instruction. Our staff works with each individual and their physician to develop a self-care plan that meets their needs.

Taking care of yourself is an important part of staying healthy when you have diabetes. We can help you understand diabetes and how it affects your body. Diet, exercise and medication all impact your blood sugar. Learning more about a healthy diet, exercise and your medication can help you to control blood sugar.

We offer education on the following topics:

If you would like to learn more about living with diabetes,please discuss your interest with your physician, and ask them to complete the Physician Referral Form.

Here are some tips for healthy eating for people with diabetes:

For more information please call the St. Joseph Mercy Center for Diabetes at one of our locations:

St. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor 734-712-2431 Located in The Washtenaw Medical Arts Building on 3075 Clark Rd. Suite 100.

St. Joseph Mercy Livingston, Howell 517-545-6125 Located in Suite 1100, the Time Share Suite, enter from the parking lot in the back of the hospital

St. Joseph Mercy Chelsea 734-593-5280 Now located in the professional building, suite 201,on St. Joseph Mercy ChelseaCampus

Additional information on diabetes can be found on the following Web sites:

American Diabetes Association

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (provides educational materials about diabetes free of charge)

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International

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St. Joseph Mercy Center for Diabetes - St. Joe's Ann Arbor

Welcome to Ann Arbor Endocrinology & Diabetes Associates Ann Arbor Endocrinology and Diabetes Associates (AAEDA) was established in 1987 by Dr. Jeffrey Sanfield, M.D. The mission of the practice is to provide evidence based care using all of the information we know about various conditions, and apply that knowledge in a personal and comprehensive manner to our patients.

Our physicians have been practicing on average more than ten years. A nurse practitioner is available to provide diabetesrelated education and instruction. All of our staff are familiar with the Ann Arbor, Southeast Michigan area and, therefore, can link you to the appropriate services such as diabetes education locations, or if necessary, another specialist or surgeon who may be required to assist in your care.

AAEDA strongly believes in team work, communication, and privacy as it serves your needs. We provide consultative services to referring physicians, including your own primary care phsician. If you require hospitalization, we can serve as consultants to patients admitted to St. Joseph Mercy Hospital.

New patients, please visit our patient portal and complete the forms before your first office visit.

AAEDA doctors and staff welcome the opportunity to care for your diabetes, endocrine, or hormone related issues.

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Welcome to Ann Arbor Endocrinology & Diabetes Associates

Do you know if you are at risk for having diabetes or pre-diabetes?

It is estimated that 1 out of 3 adults have pre-diabetes and 90% of them don't even know that they have it! Pre-diabetes, if not treated, can lead to diabetes. The best treatment for pre-diabetes is losing a little weight if overweight and getting active at least 30 minutes most days of the week.

View: CDC Infographic on pre-diabetes - then, take this: 7-Question Quiz

to see if you are at high risk for having pre-diabetes.

If you score over 9, be sure to ask your provider/doctor for a diabetes test!!

Tips for Seniors: How to Enjoy Eating When You Have Diabetes View Brochure

Ask your doctor to help you get a Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) appointment with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RD/RDN). FREE for those with Medicare (no copay - no deductible).

Visit our other informational pages:

Learn more - view the UPDON Portfolio, and - Social Network Analysis of the MI Diabetes Outreach Networks report

View the 2013 UPDON Resource Directory for diabetes, health, and social services available to Upper Peninsula residents.

Those having difficulty paying for diabetes (or another chronic illness) medications, supplies, and/or medical care can view our U.P. Assistance Directory.

Read the rest here:
UPDON UP Diabetes Outreach Network

Michigan Diabetes Prevention Network The Michigan Diabetes Prevention Network was created to support and engage partners in diabetes prevention and serve as a vehicle to share information and resources. These resources are intended to help you as you deliver your diabetes prevention programs.

If you want to share something from your organization with everyone, let us know. If you have suggestions for resources you would like us to share, let us know that too! For more information contact Tamah Gustafson at gustafsont2@michigan.gov.

Tamah Gustafson, Michigan Diabetes Prevention and Control Program

Kandi Jezak, Priority Health Dr. Arthur Franke, National Kidney Foundation of Michigan

Paula Green-Smith and Ifetayo Johnson, Co-Coordinators-Urban Health Resource Change Your Lifestyle. Change Your Life. Description: The recruitment, retention and innovative activities Urban Health Resource is doing in their Change Your Lifestyle. Change Your Life. Program For more information contact: Urban Health Resource/Urban Health Outreach, LLC Office: (313) 664-0100 Email: info@uhr-uho.org Web: http://www.uhr-uho.org

Arlene Guindon, National Kidney Foundation of Michigan

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Michigan Diabetes Prevention Network

AlkalizeForHealth

"The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his patients in the care of the human frame, in diet and in the cause and prevention of disease." - Thomas Edison

American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine 1, 2 Their goal is to increase average longevity to 120 years or greater.

Longest verified human lifespan is Jeanne-Louise Calment who lived 122 years.

"Overeating shortens lifespan and increases incidence of disease." - Dr Roy Walford

"Wisdom does not show itself so much in precept as in life - a firmness of mind and mastery of appetite." - Seneca

World's healthiest foods

"Highly oxygenated people require less food." - McCabe, page 87.

Warm, damp recesses of the lungs, "with little or no airflow, are perfect breeding grounds for all types of infections." - Dr. David Williams

You breathe an average of 28,000 times a day. So you have 28,000 chances to get it right.

"Breathing deeply, fully and completely energizes the body, calms the nerves, fills you with peace and helps keep you youthful." - Paul C. Bragg

"With ample oxygen your muscles, tendons and joints function more smoothly. Your flesh becomes firmer and resilient...your skin clear and glowing...your hair lustrous. You radiate with greater health and well-being." - Super Power Breathing page 13.

"Oxygenation of the tissues is the name of the game for good health and longevity." - Dr. Douglass, page 50.

"Studies have shown a direct relationship between the life span of a species and its ability to repair damaged DNA." - Dr. David Williams

Fluoride (often found in drinking water and used in dental offices) actively interferes with DNA repair enzymes. In the lab, a fluoride concentration of one part per million reduces DNA repair enzyme activity by 50%.

"Fluoride produces brain changes identical to those in Alzheimer's patients." - Dr. Robert Carton

"In point of fact, fluoride causes more human cancer death, and causes it faster than any other chemical." - Dr. Dean Burk, Congressional Record 21 July 1976

The CDC and ADA now advise to avoid using fluoride.

Mercury (eg. from dental amalgams) also inhibits the repair of DNA.

"Free radicals can damage any part of the cell, including the DNA. Free radical damage to the DNA is thought to be one of the causes of cancer. In the absence of oxygen, the DNA self-repair mechanism does not function." - Diamond, page 1038.

Excess iron causes free radicals and promotes cancer. Women lose their excess iron due to menstruation, which is why women tend to live longer. Men and older women should donate blood annually.

Regular hyperthermia also removes excess iron.

Iron filings in breakfast cereal. 1, 2

Vitamin C is "the first line of defense against free-radical damage, more effective than beta-carotene, vitamin E, glutathione, or other antioxidants in plasma." - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 1988;85:9748-52

"There is a big push toward eternal youth and life extension in America and other parts of the world. A major key to postpone aging is moderate exercise." - Dr. Robert J. Rowen

80 year olds can have the muscle mass of 40 year olds. The key is ongoing exercise.

Silencing the aging gene with niacinamide. Since B vitamins work together as a group, a B complex supplement may produce best results.

"Human cells can divide approximately sixty times before they can no longer divide and die... Cells divide to provide new cells to replace old, warn out, damaged cells. To the extent that optimum nutrition can extend the useful life of existing cells, the need for their replacement slows and so does the aging / replacement process." - David W. Gregg, Ph.D. (The limit to the number of cell divisions is known as the "Hayflick Limit".)

Overcome the Hayflick Limit with L-carnosine, DMAE and acetyl-L-carnitine. See The Nature of Aging, Part 3

"Based on everything we know, supplementing with a combination of L-carnosine, DMAE, and Acetyl-L-carnitine is one of the simplest, most effective, and safest steps we can take to help turn back the clock and optimize our health." - Jon Barron

Homemade anti-aging formula

Lifestyle changes may lengthen telomeres

Telomeres and telomerase 1, 2, 3

Shorter telomeres associated with increased risk of cancer.

Due to their constant replication, cancer cells are very, very old.

Coenzyme PQQ works with coenzyme Q10 to protect and rejuvenate mitochondria.

"If you get those herbs, and live a certain lifestyle, and this is the kind of house where you live, you can not only cross 100 years, but 200 or 300 years old." - Ayurvedic Physician

"If you could avoid all stress and air pollution while eating a perfect diet, your body could last 600 years." - Dr. David Williams

"If you have a fully quantum coherent system, you will never age and you will never die." - Dr. Mae-Wan Ho

Hearing loss can occur when hair cells in the inner ear are damaged by free radicals. Antioxidants can prevent this damage.

Resveratrol helps prevent the amyloid deposits associated with Alzheimer's disease. - Free Radic Biol Med 03;34:1100-10, Neuroreport 97;8:1499-502.

Resveratrol is the only substance that has been found to break down beta-amloid plaques. - J Biol Chem 05;280(45):37377-37382.

Curcumin is the yellow color in turmeric, an ingredient of curry powder. Curcumin is found to be very helpful in both treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease. - J Neurosci 01;21(21):8370-7, Neurobiol Aging 01;22(6):993-1005.

Lithium in the form of lithium orotate or lithium aspartate may help prevent and remove amyloid plaque.

Vitamin D reduces risk of Alzheimer's 1, 2, 3

B vitamins (folate or folic acid, B6, B12) can reduce brain shrinkage (which tends to precipitate Alzheimer's) by up to 50%.

Regular consumption of blueberries can prevent age-related memory problems. - Nutr Neurosci 03;6(3):153-62, Nutr Neurosci 04;7(2):75-83.

The amyloid plaques in the brain characteristic of Alzheimer's disease are associated with oxidative damage from free radicals. The amyloid-beta molecule is a neurotoxin that destroys nerve cells.

"Individuals who consume vegetable oils (corn, soybean, sunflower, etc.) have twice the risk of macular degeneration." - Dr. Paul Beaumont

Read this article:
Alkalize For Health - Longevity - Live to 140 years of age ...

Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Job Classification

In most duration tables, five job classifications are displayed. These job classifications are based on the amount of physical effort required to perform the work. The classifications correspond to the Strength Factor classifications described in the United States Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The following definitions are quoted directly from that publication.

Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Here is the original post:
Blindness - Medical Disability Guidelines

in Louisville Kentucky. We offer the best in medical/surgical glaucoma, retina, pediatric and strabismus eye care. Our board certified physicians strive to preserve and enhance vision utilizing our doctors experience along with the most up-to-date techniques and technology in a compassionate and caring environment.

For your convenience, our Contact Page provides our address and phone numbers along with the ability to download a map.

Ophthalmology Associates has Moved Our new location is at:

3810 Springhurst Boulevard Suite 100 Louisville KY 40241 502-897-9881

This location is across the street from the Tinseltown Theatre, and has plenty of parking. Springhurst Boulevard is off of Westport Road where Cheddars restaurant is situated at the corner of the intersection. The new office is located in the Meridian Building which is located 0.2 miles from Cheddars restaurant.

From the Gene Snyder Expressway take Exit 32 and turn right on Westport Road. Follow the signs toward E. P. Sawyer State Park for 0.7 miles. Turn right on Springhurst Boulevard by Cheddars restaurant. 3810 Springhurst Boulevard is 0.2 miles down on your left just after you pass the Tinseltown Theatre.

Satellite office at 6420 Dutchmans Parkway in Springs Medical Center Louisville KY 502-897-9881

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Ophthalmology Associates, P.S.C. - Home

Welcome to the Virginia Diabetes Council Website. We hope you will find this website to be user friendly and a useful tool for the latest in Diabetes information and education in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Our Vision: "To Improve the Lives of Virginians Affected by Diabetes"

Our Mission: "To bring partners together to identify and promote best practices for diabetes prevention,control and treatment in Virginia"

NEW INFORMATION

The AADE has published a White Paper on "Recommendations for Community Based Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Screening".OPEN HERE

The Virginia Diabetes Council offers our condolences to the Rapp Family of the Tidewater area on the passing of "Bobby" Rapp and would like to thank them for remembering the VDC in their memorial.

Camps for Children with Diabetes

Diabetes camp helps children learn self-confidence, self-management skills, self-control, and that there are other children like them who have diabetes and similar challenges everyday. Participants also learn that all can have a great time. Camps for children with diabetes in and around Virginia include:

Virginia School Nurses: 2015-2016 School Year

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Home - Virginia Diabetes Council

Welcome to the ophthalmology practice of Dr. Pierre Guibor. At our state-of-the-art office in Secaucus, our mission is to preserve, restore and enhance the vision of every member of your family. Dr. Guibor is committed to providing compassionate and personalized eye care to patients in Northern New Jersey and from New York City.

We offer total comprehensive eye care services including complete eye examinations and cataract surgery as well as the diagnosis and treatment of many eye conditions. Our team of friendly and dedicated professionals are committed to providing expert medical care using the latest technology and advanced training in a comfortable and relaxed atmosphere.

We pride ourselves on taking the time to explain your condition and treatment options. We will guide you through the entire treatment process and answer any questions that you may have.

Dr. Guibor is looking forward to getting to know you and your family and taking care of your eye and vision needs. If you would like to make an appointment or have any questions, please call us at the number listed above.

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Secaucus Ophthalmologist | Ophthalmologist in Secaucus ...

Index Copernicus Value: 6.43

Cell is the structural and the functional unit of all the organisms on the earth and Cell Science is a scientific discipline that studies the structure and the physiological characters of these cells. Human beings are multi-cellular organisms with an estimated 100,000,000,000,000 cells.

The Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy is the best Open Access journal that acts as a forum for translational research into stem cell therapies. Stem cells differ from other types of cells as they are unspecialized cells that are capable of changing themselves into almost any type of specialist cells. Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy is scientific journal that overlays the study of Cancer stem cells, stem cell therapy, stem-cell transplantation, regenerative medicine, human embryonic stem cells, Neural stem cells, Murine Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult stem cell, Pancreatic stem cells, Totipotent Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), Multipotent Stem Cells, Myeloid Stem Cells, Fetal Stem Cell Therapy, Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes, Plant Stem Cells, Dental Stem Cells, Stem Cell Preservation, Stem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis, etc.

Scholarly Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy is using online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems of Editorial Manager for quality and quick review processing. Review processing is performed by the editorial board members of Journal of Stem Cell Research and Therapy or outside experts; at least two independent reviewers approval followed by editor approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript.

It is an undifferentiated cell which is capable of transforming into more cells of same type or multiple other types. They are found in multicellular organisms. They can differentiate into cells of blood, skin, heart, muscles, brain etc. In adult human being, they replenish the dead cells of various organs. Stem cells are being used for treatment of various diseases like diabetes, arthritis, few cancers, bone marrow failure etc.

Related Journals of Stem Cell

Insights in Stem Cells, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology,Stem Cells, Cell Stem Cell, Stem Cells and Development, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, Current Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Stem Cell Research

They can develop into any cell type or organ in the body. A single totipotent stem cell can give rise to an entire organism. Fertilized egg or a zygote is the best example. Zygote divides and produces more totipotent cells. After 4 days the cells lose totipotency and become pluripotent.

Related Journals ofTotipotent Stem Cells

Breast Cancer: Current Research, Cancer Diagnosis, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Stem Cells International, Stem cells translational medicine, Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology

They can differentiate into any cell type in the human body. Embryonic stem cells are mostly pluripotent stem cells. They have the ability to differentiate into any of three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm.

Related Journals ofPluripotent Stem Cells

Cancer Science & Therapy, Cervical Cancer: Open Access, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology,, Stem Cell Reports, Hematology/ Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Journal of Stem Cells, International Journal of Stem Cells

These are multipotent stem cells normally found in the bone marrow and are derived from mesenchyme. They differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, myocytes and tendon. MSCs can also be extracted from blood, fallopian tube, fetal liver and lungs.

Related Journals ofMesenchymal Stem Cells

Insights in Stem Cells, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications, International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research

They are the multipotent stem cells derived from mesoderm and located in red bone marrow. They are responsible for production of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. HSCs give rise to myeloid lineage (which forms erythrocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells and platelets) and lymphoid lineage (which forms T-lymphocytes, plasma cells and NK cells).

Related Journals ofHematopoietic Stem Cells

Insights in Stem Cells, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research, Open Stem Cell Journal, Stem Cell, Stem Cell Research Journal

They can differentiate into more than one cell type, but only into a limited number of cell types. Hematopoietic stem cells are considered multipotent as they can differentite into red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells but they cannot differentiate into hepatocytes or brain cells.

Related Journals ofMultipotent Stem Cells

Cancer Medicine & Anti Cancer Drugs, Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Blood, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, Blood Reviews

Cells with stem cell like abilities have been observed breast cancer, colon cancer, leukemia, melanoma, prostate cancer which can form new cells and lead to tumorigenesis. They cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors. Scientists are developing methods to destroy CSCs in place of traditional methods which focus on bulk of cancer cells.

Related Journals ofCancer Stem Cells

Head and Neck Cancer Research, Lung Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology,Cancer Research, Nature Reviews Cancer, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Clinical Cancer Research, Cancer Cell, Cancer, International Journal of Cancer, British Journal of Cancer

They are derived from Hematopoietic stem cells. They differentiate into Erythrocyte progenitor cell (forms erythrocytes), Thrombocyte progenitor cell (forms platelets) and Granulocyte-Monocyte progenitor cell (forms monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells).

Related Journals ofMyeloid Stem cells

Insights in Stem Cells, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Clinical Medicine Insights: Blood Disorders, Electrolyte and Blood Pressure, Integrated Blood Pressure Control, Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Current Studies in Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Blood Research, High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention, Blood Cancer Journal, BMC Blood Disorders, Blood Transfusion

They are the self-renewing, multipotent stem cells in the nervous system that differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. They repair the nervous system after damage or an injury. They have potential clinical use the management of Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease and multiple sclerosis.

Related Journals ofNeural Stem Cells

Oncology & Cancer Case Reports, Prostate Cancer, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, Child's Nervous System, Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

They are derived from embryo in the blastocyst stage. They are pluripotent stem cells. They give rise to all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: endoderm (stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, intestines etc.), mesoderm (muscle, bone, cartilage, connective tissue, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system etc.) and ectoderm (brain, spinal cord, epidermis etc.).

Related Journals ofEmbryonic Stem Cells

Human Genetics & Embryology, Breast Cancer: Current Research, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology,Birth Defects Research Part C - Embryo Today: Reviews, Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series C: Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology, Neuroembryology, Neuroembryology and Aging

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the fetus are used in treatment of various diseases. As ESCs are pluripotent, they can differentiate into any cell type. Researchers are able to grow ESC s into complex cells types like pancreatic -cells and cardiocytes. Fetal cell therapy is generating lot of controversy from religious groups and ethics committees.

Related Journals ofFetal Stem Cell Therapy

Insights in Stem Cells, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review, Journal of Maternal-Fetal Investigation, International Journal of Infertility and Fetal Medicine

Research is being done to use stem cells for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Human embryonic stem cells may be grown in vivo and stimulated to produce pancreatic -cells and later transplanted to the patient. Its success depends on response of the patients immune system and ability of the transplanted cells to proliferate, differentiate and integrate with the target tissue.

Related Journals of Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes

Endocrinology & Diabetes Research, Diabetes & Metabolism, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Diabetes Care, Diabetes, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, Endocrine-Related Cancer, Best Practice and Research in Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal of Endocrinology

The procedure to replace damaged cells (in cancers, aplastic anemia etc.) with healthy stem cells of the same person or in another compatible person to restore the normal production of cells. It can either be autologous or allogeneic. Bone marrow HSCs are generally used for the transplantation.

Related Journals of Stem Cell Transplant

Cancer Diagnosis, Cancer Science & Therapy, Cervical Cancer: Open Access, Gastrointestinal Cancer and Stromal Tumors, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Cell Transplantation, Journal of Cell Biology, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Molecular Cell, Nature Cell Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Cancer Cell, Current Opinion in Cell Biology

They are the totipotent, undifferentiated cells present in the meristems (shoot and root apices) of a plant. They never undergo aging process and can grow into any cell in the plant throughout its lifetime. They have numerous applications in production of cosmetics, perfumes, pigments, insecticides and antimicrobials.

Related Journals ofPlant Stem Cells

Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, Plant Physiology & Pathology, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Plant Cell, Plant Physiology, Plant Journal, Trends in Plant Science, Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Plant, Cell and Environment, American Journal of Transplantation, Plant Molecular Biology

Several types of dental stem cells have been isolated from mature and immature teeth, exfoliated deciduous teeth and apical papilla, MSCS from tooth germs and from human periodontal ligament. They are found to be multipotent and can give rise to osteogenic, adipogenic, myogenic and neurogenic cell lineages.

Related Journals of Dental Stem Cells

Oral Health and Dental Management, Research & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences, Dental Implants and Dentures: open access, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, International Endodontic Journal, Dental Materials, Journal of Dental Research, Caries Research, Journal of Endodontics, Monographs in Oral Science, Molecular Oral Microbiology, Journal of Dentistry,International journal of oral science

Adipose tissue is a huge source of mesenchymal stem cells which differentiate into various cell types. They can be easily extracted in large numbers by a simple lipo-aspiration. They have good application potential in regenerative medicine. ASCs are found to have the ability to differentiate into bone cells, cartilage cells, nerve cells, adipocytes etc.

Related Journals of Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Childhood Obesity, Obesity and Eating Disorders, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, International Journal of Obesity, Obesity, Obesity Surgery, Obesity Reviews, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, Pediatric obesity

Preservation of stem cells is critical for both research and clinical application of stem-cell based therapies. Properly preserved stem cells can be later used in the field of regenerative medicine for treating congenital disorders, heart defects etc. Currently there is no universal method for preserving stem cells and the existing methods are expensive.

Related Journals ofStem Cell Preservation

Oncology & Cancer Case Reports, Prostate Cancer, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications, International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research, Open Stem Cell Journal, Stem Cell, Stem Cell Research Journal

MSCs can be applied in osteoarthritis treatment through implantation and microfracture as well as intra-articular injections. Single injection studies have showed improvement from pain which decreased overtime. Multiple, regular MSC injections into joints may be necessary.

Related Journals ofStem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis and Physical Activity, Osteoarthritis, Fertilization: In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide, Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Stem Cell Biology, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Arthritis and Rheumatism, Arthritis Care and Research, Arthritis Research and Therapy, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism

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Journal of Stem Cell Reserach & Therapy is organizing 6th World congress on Cell & Stem Cell Research during February 29 - March 2, 2016 Philadelphia, USA with the theme of Novel Therapies in Cell Science and Stem Cell Research.

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