StemCell Therapy

Medical Editor:

Catherine Burt Driver, MD, is board certified in internal medicine and rheumatology by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Dr. Driver is a member of the American College of Rheumatology. She currently is in active practice in the field of rheumatology in Mission Viejo, Calif., where she is a partner in Mission Internal Medical Group.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses that occur when the body's tissues are mistakenly attacked by their own immune system. The immune system contains a complex organization of cells and antibodies designed normally to "seek and destroy" invaders of the body, particularly infections. Patients with autoimmune diseases have antibodies and immune cells in their blood that target their own body tissues, where they can be associated with inflammation. While inflammation of the tissue around the joints and inflammatory arthritis are characteristic features of rheumatoid arthritis, the disease can also cause inflammation and injury in other organs in the body. Because it can affect multiple other organs of the body, rheumatoid arthritis is referred to as a systemic illness and is sometimes called rheumatoid disease. Rheumatoid arthritis that begins in people under 16 years of age is referred to as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (formerly juvenile rheumatoid arthritis).

While rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic illness, meaning it can last for years, patients may experience long periods without symptoms. However, rheumatoid arthritis is typically a progressive illness that has the potential to cause significant joint destruction and functional disability.

A joint is where two bones meet to allow movement of body parts. Arthritis means joint inflammation. The joint inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis causes swelling, pain, stiffness, and redness in the joints. The inflammation of rheumatoid disease can also occur in tissues around the joints, such as the tendons, ligaments, and muscles.

In some people with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation leads to the destruction of the cartilage, bone, and ligaments, causing deformity of the joints. Damage to the joints can occur early in the disease and be progressive. Moreover, studies have shown that the progressive damage to the joints does not necessarily correlate with the degree of pain, stiffness, or swelling present in the joints.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common rheumatic disease, affecting approximately 1.3 million people in the United States, according to current census data. The disease is three times more common in women as in men. It afflicts people of all races equally. The disease can begin at any age and even affects children (juvenile idiopathic arthritis), but it most often starts after 40 years of age and before 60 years of age. Though uncommon, in some families, multiple members can be affected, suggesting a genetic basis for the disorder.

Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 11/12/2015

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Early Symptoms Question: What were your symptoms at the onset of your rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Treatments Question: What treatments have been effective for your rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Experience Question: Please describe your experience with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Prognosis Question: What's the prognosis for your rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Diet Question: Discuss the diet or other lifestyle changes you've made to relieve symptoms of RA.

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Diagnosis Question: What led to your rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis?

Medical Author:

Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.

Medical Editor:

Melissa Conrad Stppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

While early symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can actually be mimicked by other diseases, the symptoms are very characteristic of rheumatoid disease. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and signs include the following:

Continued here:
Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, Medication

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Read this article:
Arthritis | Conditions & Treatments | eHow

Symptoms

The most common signs and symptoms of arthritis involve the joints. Depending on the type of arthritis you have, your signs and symptoms may include:

The two main types of arthritis osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis damage joints in different ways.

The most common type of arthritis, osteoarthritis involves wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage the hard, slick coating on the ends of bones. Enough damage can result in bone grinding directly on bone, which causes pain and restricted movement. This wear and tear can occur over many years, or it can be hastened by a joint injury or infection.

In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the joint parts. This lining, known as the synovial membrane, becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint.

Risk factors for arthritis include:

Severe arthritis, particularly if it affects your hands or arms, can make it difficult for you to do daily tasks. Arthritis of weight-bearing joints can keep you from walking comfortably or sitting up straight. In some cases, joints may become twisted and deformed.

Jan. 07, 2016

Read more:
Symptoms and causes - Arthritis - Mayo Clinic

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis, affecting more than three million Canadians thats one in 10! Though once referred to as the wear-and-tear arthritis, the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recently re-defined this condition. It describes OA as the result of the bodys failed attempt to repair damaged joint tissues. However, OA isnt always developed due to abnormal stresses or injury; it may also occur as part of the normal aging process. This condition leads to the breakdown of cartilage (the tough elastic material that covers and protects the ends of bones) and the underlying bone, resulting in pain, stiffness, swelling and bone-on-bone reduction in range of movement in the affected joint. The joints most commonly affected by OA are the knees, hips and those in the hands and spine. The cause of OA is multi-factorial and complex, with development of OA depending on interplay between factors such as age, obesity, gender, occupation (injury as a result of a physical job), participation in certain sports, history of joint injury or surgery and genetics.

Inflammatory arthritis is a group of conditions whereby the bodys defense system begins to attack the tissues of our joints instead of germs, viruses and other foreign substances. This can result in stiffness, pain and joint damage.As a result of this damage, some of the joints may gradually change shape and deformities can develop. Once a joint is damaged, the damage cannot be reversed. Early treatment aimed at reducing inflammation is important to prevent damage to the joint and, for some forms of inflammatory arthritis, to other organs. Inflammatory arthritis is often called systemic because it can affect the whole body. The most common forms of inflammatory arthritis are: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis also affects children.

More here:
About Arthritis - Arthritis Society

IN this issue of GENETICS we launch FlyBook, which will present the current state of knowledge of the molecular biology, cellular biology, developmental biology, and genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila.

That we commence this project at the end of the journals first century is fitting: it was work on Drosophila that established the genetic basis of Mendels laws of inheritance (leading to Drosophilas first Nobel prize in 1933). In fact, the very first article published in the journal described experiments with Drosophila that established chromosomes as the carriers of hereditary information (watch for a Perspectives article in January commemorating that article).

The prominence of Drosophila in the pantheon of model organisms is undisputed. T. H. Morgan knew that it could serve as a model multicellular organism when he chose it for his path-breaking work early in the last century, and his prescience has been apparent in nearly every issue of GENETICS. In fact, >20% of the 18,000 articles in GENETICS feature Drosophila in the title!

We did not need to be reminded of how similar Drosophilas genes are to those of other organisms (including ours) when complete genome sequences started appearing 15 years ago, but it was heartening to see. Studies of Drosophila will no doubt continue to inform biology for decades to come.

We have acquired an enormous amount of information about the biology of the fruit fly, and have devised innovative experimental approaches for its study. FlyBook aims to make that information and insight accessible to scientists unfamiliar with Drosophila as well as to the seasoned Drosophila researcher.

FlyBook will span the breadth of Drosophila biology in 50 chapters that will appear as review articles in GENETICS, and will also be compiled on a separate FlyBook website. This enables FlyBook to benefit from the established infrastructure of GENETICSits professional preparation and presentation of articles; its indexing, search, and navigation functions; helpful article features unique to GENETICS, such as direct linking of terms to FlyBase; and its outstanding peer editing. GENETICS is a fitting venue for this updated model of a book.

Experts in their fields will write the chapters, which will be edited by a stellar group of scientists serving on the FlyBook Editorial Board. We thank our Section editors and the authors for their selfless service to GENETICS, to the Genetics Society of America (GSA), and to science.

Work on the fruit fly has yielded much insight into neurobiology, so it is fitting that we launch FlyBook with two articles on this subject. In addition, a Commentary by Gerry Rubin sets FlyBook in perspective.

FlyBook continues the GSAs long tradition of supporting, promoting, and presenting model organism research. FlyBook joins Yeastbook (http://www.genetics.org/site/misc/yeastbook.xhtml) as an important resource for the genetics community. We are proud to present in this issue of GENETICS the first two chapters of what we know will be a seminal series of articles.

Section Editors CELL SIGNALING Marek Mlodzik Mount Sinai School of Medicine Jessica E. Treisman New York University School of Medicine

DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH Trudi Schpbach Princeton University Carl S. Thummel University of Utah

ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION Terese Ann Markow University of California, San Diego Trudy F. C. Mackay North Carolina State University

GENE EXPRESSION Brian Oliver NIH Eileen Furlong EMBL

GENOME ORGANIZATION Sue Celniker Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Gary Karpen Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

METHODS Norbert Perrimon Harvard Medical School Hugo Bellen Baylor College of Medicine

NERVOUS SYSTEM & BEHAVIOR John R. Carlson Yale University James W. Truman HHMI, Janelia Research Campus

REPAIR, RECOMBINATION, & CELL DIVISION R. Scott Hawley Stowers Institute for Medical Research Terry Orr-Weaver MIT

STEM CELLS & GERMLINE Ruth Lehmann NYU School of Medicine, Skirball Institute Allan C. Spradling HHMI

See the rest here:
FlyBook! | Genetics

About Inherited Conditions

Many diseases and disorders are caused by a persons genetic makeup. These include abnormalities in genes that occur randomly or because of environmental exposures. Other genetic factors run in the family and are inherited at birth from one or both parents.

The Division of Medical Genetics, based in the University of Iowa Department of Pediatrics and UI Childrens Hospital, is a comprehensive statewide resource for families and health care professionals.

Our multidisciplinary team provides hospital- and clinic-based medical care for children and adults with genetic conditions. Testing, diagnosis, counseling, and treatment services include:

We understand that genetic diseases and disorders affect families as well as individuals. Our medical team provides the information, support, and follow-up you need to make informed decisions. We will work with your family physician so you will continue to receive the best all-around care as you move forward. We also collaborate with state and federal agencies, educators, researchers, support groups, and others to provide the latest information and treatment options for Iowans and their families.

From Our UI Children's Hospital Specialists

Read more health library articles on pediatric genetics

A new standardized test for infants alerted doctors to Zachs MCAD deficiency, possibly saving his young life.Read more about Zachs story.

Zephan was born with Alagille syndrome and has had many surgeries because of it, but has made giant strides.Read more about Zephans story.

Andrew was growing up a little bit smaller than the rest of his classmates and new tests revealed why.Read more about Andrews story.

Parking: Parking and Wayfinding. Valet Services Available In House Directions: Elevator F, Level 2.

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Genetics Clinic - University of Iowa Children's Hospital

The first major-specific course required of freshman genetics majors is Careers in Genetics and Biochemistry. This introductory course brings in professionals to aid students in discovering the diversity of career opportunities available from this degree. This course also helps you become aware of professional organizations, ethical issues and the requirements for advanced studies.

In the first two years at Clemson, youll take various science courses such as general and organic chemistry, biology, physics and mathematics.These will prepare you for upper-level course work that includes molecular biochemistry, molecular and general genetics, comparative genetics and population genetics. Additionally, youll be able to tailor your degree to your specific interests by selecting from approved scientific courses such as microbiology, immunology, and human anatomy and physiology.

Genetics students spend quite a bit of time in Clemsons laboratories with our nationally recognized faculty. Our faculty have diverse research interests from alternative fuel to molecular parasitology. You also have a chance to participate in internships and study abroad, as well as join any of Clemsons hundreds of student organizations.

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Genetics (B.S.) | Degree Programs | Clemson University, South ...

Honor the Life and Accomplishments of Professor Jim Crow with a Donation to The Crow Professorship

Over the next year, The Laboratory of Genetics will honor Professor Jim Crow in anticipation of what would have been his 100th birthday. A birthday celebration will take place in Fall 2016 in the form of a symposium and dinner. In preparation for the fall celebration, the department is focused on reaching a $1 million goal to have a professorship in Prof. Crows honor. If the Crow Professorship fund reaches $50,000 in gifts and pledges by June 8, the new gifts and pledges will be matched dollar for dollar.

Click here to read the full article and make a donation to The Crow Professorship.

Welcome to the University of Wisconsin-Madison Laboratory of Genetics. The Laboratory of Genetics is comprised of two sister departments that function as one. The Department of Genetics in the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences was founded in 1910 and is the oldest genetics department in the country. The Department of Medical Genetics, which recently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary, is housed within the School of Medicine and Public Health. Our mission is to address fundamental problems in genetics as they relate to medicine, agriculture, and basic knowledge of biology.

The Laboratory of Genetics is also home to the Genetics Training Program, with over 80 faculty trainers from diverse departments on campus that together provide graduate students diverse opportunities in modern genetics research. Please visit our pages to find out more about us.

John Doebley Chair, Laboratory of Genetics

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University of Wisconsin Laboratory of Genetics

Course Description

BIOL 2316 GENETICS (3-3-0) is an introduction to the basic concepts of human heredity and cytogenetics including Mendelian, molecular, and population genetics. Prerequisite is BIOL 1406 Cell and Molecular Biology or BIOL 2304 Human Anatomy with minimum grade of C.

Instructional Methodology

This is a three-credit lecture course.

Course Rationale

BIOL 2316 Genetics is an intensive sophomore-level course that explores modern genetics. The course is divided into three parts.

Common Course Objectives

The common course objectives are available at http://www2.austincc.edu/biology/ccobjectives.

Grading Rubric

TESTS: There will befour unit tests whose dates are listed on the attached schedule. Each of these tests is worth 100 points. Each test will have 10 questions and will be designed to be completed in one hour in class. There is no curve. Students who receive below 70 on a test may hand in test corrections within 1 week to receive up to 6 additional points. One make-up test is allowed with prior permission of the instructor. Contact me in advance to arrange for a make-up test. Tests are given on material discussed in class, so regular attendance is strongly encouraged.

CLASS ACTIVITIES: Activities are given out throughout the semester to reinforce ideas discussed in lecture. These are usually small group activities and are graded at 5-10 points each. One make-up is allowed if a student is absent. It is the students responsibility to complete these class activity sheets and hand them in for grading. The grading rubric will be adjusted at the end of the semester to reflect the exact number of class activity points that may be obtained this semester.

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS: The study of genetics involves considerable problem-solving. Therefore, homework problems are provided for each chapter. There will be a total of 100 questions assigned, each one worth 1 point. These problems are similar to questions on the test, so successful completion usually improves test grades. Each problem set is due the week following the day the relevant chapter was discussed in class. Late homeworks will be accepted, but will be discounted 5% for each class they are late. Late homework handed in after the test date will not be accepted.

POWERPOINT PRESENTATION: Each student will develop a PowerPoint presentation on a genetic disease or syndrome to be handed in on April 19 as indicated on the syllabus. Details will be provided later in the semester.

Grade Component

Points

4 tests @ 100 pts each

400

Class activities

~50

HW problems

100

PowerPoint disease project

50

Total points

600

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Syllabus - Genetics

Overview

The University of Alabama at Birmingham Genetics Training Program is accredited by the American Board of Medical Genetics to provide training in clinical biochemical genetics, clinical molecular genetics, and clinical cytogenetics. Fellowship programs are each two to three years in length.

Application Eligibility

Trainees must be eligible to sit for the ABMG examination in the clinical laboratory specialty to which they are applying upon completion of the program. A complete list of eligibility criteria is available on theABMG Web site.

Trainees who have received doctoral degrees outside the U.S., Puerto Rico, or Canada must comply with additional requirements, which are outlined at theABMG Web site. Please note: Trainees who hold an M.D. or equivalent from a foreign country must have either a standard certificate from the ECFMG or have passed the Test of Spoken English (TSE).

Application Process

Applicants interested in applying to the ABMG Fellowship Program should provide the following:

NOTE: Please note that our next opening will be in July 2017. We will accept applications for the 2017 cycle from March 15th -September 15th, 2016. We will NOT be accepting any applications for the 2016 cycle.

Applications will not be considered complete until all information is received. Applications are reviewed by the program director.

Application deadline : September 15 Eligible applicant interview : October Final decision: End of November Fellowship start date: July 1st

Contact

Shaila P. Handattu PhD, PMP Program Director II University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Genetics Kaul 230, 720 20th Street South Birmingham, AL 35294 Phone: (205) 934-9417 Fax: (205) 934-9488 E-mail: hande@uab.edu

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UAB - SOM - Department of Genetics - UASOM Department of ...

Genetic Changes and Cancer

Cancer is a genetic diseasethat is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. These changes include mutations in the DNA that makes up our genes.

Genetic changes that increase cancer risk can be inherited from our parents if the changes are present in germ cells, which are the reproductive cells of the body (eggs and sperm). Such changes, called germline changes, are found in every cell of the offspring.

Cancer-causing genetic changes can also be acquired during ones lifetime, as the result of errors that occur as cells divide during a persons lifetime or exposure to substances, such as certain chemicals in tobacco smoke, and radiation, such as ultraviolet rays from the sun, that damage DNA.

Genetic changes that occur after conception are called somatic (or acquired) changes. They can arise at any time during a persons life. The number of cells in the body that carry such changes depends on when the changes occur during a persons lifetime.

In general, cancer cells have more genetic changes than normal cells. But each persons cancer has a unique combination of genetic alterations. Some of these changes may be the result of cancer, rather than the cause. As the cancer continues to grow, additional changes will occur. Even within the same tumor, cancer cells may have different genetic changes.

Inherited genetic mutations play a major role in about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers. Researchers have associated mutations in specific genes with more than 50 hereditary cancer syndromes, which are disorders that may predispose individuals to developing certain cancers.

Genetic tests can tell whether a person from a family that shows signs of such a syndrome has one of these mutations. These tests can also show whether family members without obvious disease have inherited the same mutation as a family member who carries a cancer-associated mutation. (For more information, see this overview of genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes.)

Many experts recommend that genetic testing for cancer risk be considered when someone has a personal or family history that suggests an inherited cancer risk condition, as long as the test results can be adequately interpreted (that is, they can clearly tell whether a specific genetic change is present or absent) and when the results provide information that will help guide a persons future medical care.

Cancers that are not caused by inherited genetic mutations can sometimes appear to run in families. For example, a shared environment or lifestyle, such as tobacco use, can cause similar cancers to develop among family members. However, certain patterns in a familysuch as the types of cancer that develop, other non-cancer conditions that are seen, and the ages at which cancer developsmay suggest the presence of a hereditary cancer syndrome.

Even if a cancer-predisposing mutation is present in a family, not everyone who inherits the mutation will necessarily develop cancer. Several factors influence the outcome in a given person with the mutation, including the pattern of inheritance of the cancer syndrome.

Here are examples of genes that can play a role in hereditary cancer syndromes.

For more genes that can play a role in hereditary cancer syndromes, see Genetic Testing for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes.

Genetic tests are usually requested by a persons doctor or other health care provider. Genetic counseling can help people consider the risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic testing in their particular situations.

The results of genetic tests can be positive, negative, or uncertain. A genetic counselor, doctor, or other health care professional trained in genetics can help an individual or family understand their test results. These professionals can also help explain the incidental findings that a test may yield, such as a genetic risk factor for a disease that is unrelated to the reason for administering the test. And they can clarify the implications of test results for other family members.

Medical test results are normally included in a persons medical records, particularly if a doctor or other health care provider has ordered the test or has been consulted about the test results. Therefore, people considering genetic testing should understand that their results may become known to other people or organizations that have legitimate, legal access to their medical records, such as their insurance company or employer, if their employer provides the patients health insurance as a benefit.

However, legal protections are in place to prevent genetic discrimination. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on genetic information in determining health insurance eligibility or rates and suitability for employment. In addition, because a persons genetic information is considered health information, it is covered by the Privacy Rule of the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.

Until recently, most genetic testing for cancer focused on testing for individual inherited mutations. But, as more efficient and cheaper DNA sequencing technologies have become available, sequencing of an individuals entire genome or the DNA of an individuals tumor is becoming more common.

Clinical DNA sequencing can be useful in detecting many genetic mutations at one time. Targeted multiple-gene panels test for many inherited mutations or somatic mutations at the same time. These panels can include different genes and be tailored to individual tumor types. Targeted gene panels limit the data to be analyzed and include only known genes, which makes the interpretation more straightforward than in broader approaches that assess the whole genome (or tumor genome) or significant parts of it. Multiple-gene panel tests are becoming increasingly common in genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes.

Tumor sequencing can identify somatic mutations that may be driving the growth of particular cancers. It can also help doctors sort out which therapies may work best against a particular tumor. For instance, patients whose lung tumors harbor certain mutations may benefit from drugs that target these particular changes.

Testing tumor DNA may reveal a mutation that has not previously been found in that tumor type. But if that mutation occurs in another tumor type and a targeted therapy has been developed for the alteration, the treatment may be effective in the new tumor type as well.

Tumor sequencing can also identify germline mutations. Indeed, in some cases, the genetic testing of tumors has shown that a patients cancer could be associated with a hereditary cancer syndrome that the family was not aware of.

As with testing for specific mutations in hereditary cancer syndromes, clinical DNA sequencing has implications that patients need to consider. For example, they may learn incidentally about the presence of germline mutations that may cause other diseases, in them or in their family members.

See the rest here:
The Genetics of Cancer - National Cancer Institute

Related Links http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/NIH

Understanding Genetic Testing, Access Excellence

Online Genetics Education Resources, National Human Genome Research Institute

Genetic Education Modules for Teachers

The Human Genome Project Completion FAQs

Genetics Education Center, University of Kansas Medical Center

Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah

Genetics, Wikipedia

Genetics is the study of the function and behavior of genes. Genes, the basic units of heredity, are biochemical instructions composed of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and are found inside the cells of every organism, from bacteria to humans. An organisms genes, which reside in one or more chromosomes, determine its characteristics, or traits. The sum of all an organisms genes is called its genome. In other words, the genome is divided into chromosomes, chromosomes contain genes, and genes are made of DNA.

Geneticists seek to understand how the information encoded in genes is used and controlled by cells and how it is transmitted from one generation to the next. They also study how tiny variations in genes can disrupt an organisms development or cause disease.

The term classical genetics refers to the techniques and methodologies of genetics that predate the advent of molecular genetics, which studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. Classical genetics, which remains a basis for all other topics in genetics, primarily is concerned with the method by which genetic traits are transmitted in plants and animals. These traits are classified as dominant (always expressed), recessive (subordinate to a dominant trait), intermediate (partially expressed) or polygenic (due to multiple genes). In addition, the traits are either sex-linked (result from the action of a gene on one of the sex chromosomes) or autosomal (result from the action of a gene on a chromosome other than a sex chromosome).

Classical genetics began with Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, who traced the inheritance patterns of certain traits in pea plants and showed they could be described mathematically (Mendels laws). Mendels 1865 publication, Experiments on Plant Hybridization, went largely unnoticed until the early 20th century. The patterns of inheritance that Mendel observed still are employed for the study of genetic diseases.

Molecular genetics employs the methods of genetics and molecular biology, the branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure and function of macromolecules essential to life (such as nucleic acids and proteins) and especially with their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information. The avenues of investigation open to geneticists were broadened greatly by the elucidation of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick, in 1953. In the 1970s, the discovery of restriction enzymes (which catalyze the cleavage of DNA at specific sites to produce discrete fragments) permitted scientists to begin sequencing genes (determining the exact order of the four subunits of DNA adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine); cloning genes (producing a replica of a gene from one organism); and moving genes from one organism to another to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The latter two procedures are known collectively as recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering.

Population, quantitative and ecological genetics, all very closely related subfields, build on classical genetics (supplemented with modern molecular genetics). Though all three study populations of organisms, they differ somewhat in their focus. Population genetics studies the distribution of and change in the frequencies of genes under the influence of evolutionary forces, such as natural selection, mutations and migration. Quantitative genetics, which builds on population genetics, is the study of continuous traits (such as height or weight) that do not have straightforward Mendelian inheritance because they result from the interaction of many different genes. Ecological genetics again builds on the basic principles of population genetics but is focused more explicitly on ecological issues, such as the relationship between species and their environments.

Medical genetics is the application of genetics to medicine. Medical genetics encompasses many different individual fields, including clinical genetics (the diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases), cytogenetics (the study of chromosomes under a microscope), molecular genetics and genetic counseling (education and guidance offered by professional advisors to help people make informed decisions based on personal genetic information).

Behavioral genetics examines the role of genetics in animal behavior. In humans, behavioral genetics studies the genetic basis of personality as well as the causes and effects of human disorders such as mental illness, substance abuse, violence and social attitudes.

Genomics examines large-scale genetic patterns across the genome for a given species. The information derived from genome sequence data further reveals what genes do, how they are controlled and how they work together. The now-completed Human Genome Project has created a genetic blueprint for building a human being. This vital information will enable researchers to discover the genetic contributions to diseases, develop highly effective diagnostic tools and treatments and understand the health needs of people based on their individual genetic makeups.

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Genetics | Bioscience Topics | About Bioscience

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This course presents students with the concepts of genetics. Students will examine mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes, DNA structure, gene mutation, and genome dynamics.

This undergraduate-level course is 5 weeks. This course is available to take individually or as part of a degree or certificate program. To enroll, speak with an Enrollment Representative.

The University of Phoenix reserves the right to modify courses.

While widely available, not all programs are available in all locations or in both online and on-campus formats. Please check with a University Enrollment Representative.

Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It is the students responsibility to confirm whether or not credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the students choice.

Link:
Genetics - BIO410 - University of Phoenix

GENETICS

A major in genetics can lead to careers in fields as diverse as agriculture, criminology, and communication. Below is a list, by no means comprehensive, of careers geneticists pursue. Browse through this list to get an overview of each kind of career.

Common careers

Geneticists conduct research in various fields of science, ranging from agriculture to wildlife biology. The list below describes some areas of research, listed in alphabetical order, in these fields.

Education: The minimum educational requirement to be hired as a plant geneticist is a bachelors degree in biology, genetics, agriculture, or a closely related field. Since genetics draws heavily on mathematics, statistics, and biochemistry, a solid foundation in these subjects is also important.

The minimal educational requirement for a plant genetics research assistant position is a bachelors degree in genetics, agronomy, crop science, or a related degree. The skill set required of a research assistant varies according to the research project and can include experience in working with certain crops or knowledge of particular plant diseases, ability to maintain greenhouse plants and database inventory records, and ability to analyze phenotypic and genotypic data and perform molecular biology techniques such as PCR and Western blotting.

A masters and PhD degree will strongly increase opportunities to conduct independent research.

Places of employment: Plant geneticists can find work in federal, state, or local government laboratories; agricultural experiment stations; botanical gardens, arboretums, national parks; university laboratories; or private agricultural companies.

Useful links:

Careers in genetics and the biosciences: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/education/careers-6new.pdf

Genetics and plant biology career snapshot: http://nature.berkeley.edu/site/forms/oisa/gpb_career_snapshot.pdf

How can genetic information be useful in natural resource management? http://www.grcp.ucdavis.edu/projects/GeneticFactsheets/Vol_02_print.pdf

Education and Places of employment: A certificate or an associates degree in medical or veterinary technology is the minimum qualification to work as a technician in an animal genetics lab. A bachelors degree in science (for example, genetics, biology, biochemistry, or poultry science) followed by a masters degree in an area of specialization is likely to increase job prospects. If youre interested in bioinformatics, besides biology, courses in math, statistics, and computer sciences are essential. A PhD is usually required for teaching at the college level or for conducting independent research.

Places of employment: Animal geneticists can find work in animal biotechnology companies, breeding companies, livestock genetics industries, zoos, non-profit organizations involved in the conservation of endangered species, hatcheries, universities, and the federal government.

Useful links:

Texas A&M University Animal Genetics Laboratory: http://catdnatest.org/TexasAM.html

Texas A&M University Equine Embryo Laboratory: http://vetmed.tamu.edu/equine-embryo-laboratory

Animal geneticist. Knowing genes. Improving animals: http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/usda/careers/pdfs/AnimalGeneticist.pdf

Education: The minimum qualification required to work as a research technician or a research assistant in a laboratory conducting genetics-based entomological research is a bachelors degree in entomology, genetics, molecular biology, or a related field. In addition to a strong science background, some research technician positions require experience in DNA-based techniques and in maintaining insectaries as well as computer skills to collect and analyze data. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: These include government agencies, pest control and agrochemical companies, nature centers, and universities.

Education: For research positions, the minimum qualification is a bachelors degree in genetics, biology, environmental science, ecology, botany, zoology, or a related field. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: These include federal agencies (for example, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), private and non-profit conservation and environmental organizations, nature and forest preserves, zoos, botanical gardens, and universities.

Useful links:

Conservation geneticist. A variety of career directions: http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/2097/Conservation-Geneticist-Variety-Career-Directions.html

Conservation genetics. The University of Utah. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/conservation/index.html

Education: Refer to the Forensics major section

Places of employment: Refer to the Forensics major section

Useful links:

National Center for Forensic Science: http://ncfs.ucf.edu/index.html

Wildlife forensics: http://www.enotes.com/forensic-science/wildlife-forensics

DNA forensics: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/forensics.shtml

Forensic genomics: http://www.forensicgenomics.nl//index.php?parentContentID=&contentID=8ba4ff43-d52c-4b56-a975-1ecedcb96ee4

Research careers in forensics: http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_development/previous_issues/articles/2006_09_15/research_careers_in_forensics/

Education: A strong foundation in mathematics and science is good preparation for research in human genetics. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research. An MD-PhD degree, which provides training in both clinical and basic science, increases opportunities to conduct translational research.

Places of employment: These include medical centers, research institutes, hospitals, and biotech companies.

Useful links:

The future of genetics. Career opportunities for young scientists. http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/2006_09_29/noDOI.6711002142138644027

National Human Genome Research Institute Research Investigators: http://www.genome.gov/10000297

Microbial genetics involves studying the genetics of microbes such as bacteria and fungi. Listed below are some areas of research.

Education: An advanced degree in science may not be required for entry-level positions as a research assistant in a microbial genetics laboratory. However, a masters degree in genetics, genomics, or microbiology followed by a PhD increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: These include government agencies, medical centers, universities, pharmaceutical companies, the agricultural industry, and diagnostic laboratories.

Useful links:

Bacterial geneticist/genomicist: http://www.genome.gov/GenomicCareers/career.cfm?id=1

(Also, explore areas of research within the fields of bioinformatics and computational genetics as they overlap with those in the field of statistical genetics.)

Education: Training to become a statistical geneticist can begin with an undergraduate degree in mathematics, statistics, physics, or computer science followed by a graduate degree in statistical genetics. It is also possible to begin with an undergraduate degree in biology or genetics followed by courses in statistics in graduate school. The key is to have a strong background in both biology and mathematics. Computer programming skills are an asset.

Places of employment: These include biostatistics and epidemiology departments in universities; state or federal genetic, genomic, or health centers (for example, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)); and biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and pharmacogenomic companies.

Useful links:

Count on it (Article from naturejobs.com on skills required and employment opportunities in statistical genetics): http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2007/070222/full/nj7130-946a.html

Carolina center for genome sciences, Bioinformatics and computational biology training program: http://genomics.unc.edu/training/bcb.html

Statistical genetics short coursefeaturing Mendel software: http://genomics.unc.edu/events/statgen/ (This course was held in 2010, but check Web site for updates.)

University of Washington, Summer Institute in Statistical Genetics: http://www.biostat.washington.edu/suminst/sisg/general

University of Michigan, Center for statistical genetics: http://csg.sph.umich.edu/index.php (Examples of job descriptions within the field of statistical genetics)

Genetic Analysis Workshop. Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research: http://www.gaworkshop.org/index.html

A review on the field of statistical genetics: http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/1/95.abstract

Statistical geneticist: http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/2857/Statistical-Geneticist.html

Nature Reviews Genetics. Computational genetics: http://www.nature.com/nrg/focus/compgen/index.html (Collection of papers on computational genetics)

Education: A bachelors degree in genetics, biology, biomedical science or a related field is the minimum qualification for entry-level positions as a research technician in the field of veterinary medicine. Masters and PhD degrees lead to opportunities to conduct independent research.

Places of employment: These include veterinary genetic laboratories, private companies that offer veterinary genetic services, universities, animal breeders, biotechnology companies, and medical research institutes.

Education: For research positions, the minimum qualification is a bachelors degree in wildlife biology, zoology, or a related field. Masters and PhD degrees increase opportunities for research.

Places of employment: Federal agencies (for example, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), private and non-profit conservation and environmental organizations, nature and forest preserves, zoos, and wildlife genetics laboratories in universities.

Useful links:

Conservation genetics: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/archive/conservation/

Clinical geneticists are doctors who work with patients to identify, diagnose, and treat genetic diseases. They may also conduct research on genetic disorders; teach interns and residents about the diagnosis and management of clinical genetic disorders; and have administrative roles, for example, planning and coordinating large-scale screening programs for genetic diseases.

Education: After obtaining a medical degree, clinical geneticists complete 2 years of residency in medical disciplines approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), followed by a 2-year ACMGE-accredited residency in clinical genetics. They may then obtain certification (which involves passing an examination administered by the American Board of Medical Genetics) in one of four specialties: clinical genetics, clinical biochemical genetics, clinical cytogenetics, and clinical molecular genetics. (Clinical biochemical geneticists, cytogeneticists, and molecular geneticists may have either an MD or a PhD degree in genetics or a related biological science.)

Places of employment: Clinical geneticists work in research centers, hospitals, or medical centers or have private practices.

Useful links:

American Board of Medical Genetics. Training options: http://www.abmg.org/pages/training_options.shtml

American Board of Medical Genetics. Specialties of genetics. http://www.abmg.org/pages/training_specialties.shtml

Clinical geneticist. http://www.bookrags.com/research/clinical-geneticist-gen-01/

American Board of Medical Specialties: http://www.abms.org/who_we_help/consumers/about_physician_specialties/medical.aspx

Careers in genetics. Genetics Society of America: http://www.genetics-gsa.org/pages/careers_fisher.shtml

Clinical laboratory technologists or scientists perform chemical, biological, hematological, immunologic, microscopic, and bacteriological tests. For example, they may examine body fluids for the presence of bacteria, determine the concentration of compounds such as blood glucose, and prepare blood samples for transfusion. They not only perform laboratory procedures, but interpret test results, conduct research, develop new test methods, perform quality control, and supervise clinical laboratory technicians.

Technologists in large laboratories specialize in a particular field of laboratory science. For example, cytotechnologists examine cells for chromosomal abnormalities.

Education: The minimal educational requirement to qualify for an entry-level position as a clinical laboratory technologist is generally a bachelors degree with a major in medical technology or one of the life sciences.

Bachelors degree programs in medical technology include courses in chemistry, biology, microbiology, math, statistics, management, business, computers as well as specialized clinical laboratory science courses. These programs are offered by universities and academic medical centers, and graduates with a Bachelor of Science degree are eligible to apply to them.

To find a clinical laboratory scientist/medical technologist program accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS), refer to http://www.naacls.org/search/programs.asp.

Graduates of a clinical laboratory science program are eligible for national certification as a clinical laboratory scientist/medical technician by passing an exam administered by the American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification. (For a listing of the certifications and qualifications offered by the board, visit http://www.ascp.org/boc.)

For information on the eligibility criteria for these examinations, visit http://www.ascp.org/FunctionalNavigation/certification/GetCertified/TechnicianCertification.aspx.

Certification and accreditation can also be obtained through the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) and the American Medical Technologists (AMT).

Useful links:

Clinical laboratory science program, MD Anderson. http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/schools-and-programs/school-of-health-professions/programs-and-courses/clinical-laboratory-science/index.html

American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science: http://www.ascls.org/?page=Career_Toolkit

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos096.htm

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomal abnormalities underlying human diseases. A cytogeneticist prepares biological specimens such as blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow, and tumors for chromosome analysis. This involves preparing cell cultures and staining chromosomes using techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and knowledge of techniques such as PCR, fluorescence microscopy, nucleic acid purification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and immunofluorescence staining. For a detailed list of skills expected of cytogenetic technologists, refer to the PDF prepared by the Association of Genetic Technologists (AGT). You can find it here: http://www.agt-info.org/Documents/Cyto%20Statements%20of%20Competence%202001.pdf

Education: The minimum educational requirement to be a cytogenetic technologist is an undergraduate in genetics, biochemistry, or biology followed by a cytogenetic technology program and certification (which is required by some laboratories). Choose a cytotechnology program that is accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences.

An undergraduate degree in cytogenetics may be followed directly by certification. A national certification exam is offered by the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology.

Places of employment: Cytogenetic technologists may find work in research institutions, hospitals, and medical laboratories.

Useful links:

MD Anderson Cancer Center, cytogenetic technology program: http://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/education-and-training/schools-and-programs/school-of-health-professions/programs-and-courses/cytogenetic-technology/index.html

Mayo Clinic cytogenetic technology program: http://www.mayo.edu/mshs/cytogen-cytogen.html

Cytogenetic technology program: http://www.uthscsa.edu/shp/cyto/success.asp

Occupational network online, Cytogenetic technologists: http://online.onetcenter.org/link/summary/29-2011.01

Cytogenetic Technologist: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/40/ls05-cytogen-tech.pdf

Health Careers Center, Cytogenetic Technologist:

http://www.mshealthcareers.com/careers/cytogenetictechnologist.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/how-do-i-become-a-cytogenetic-technologist.htm

http://education-portal.com/cytogenetic_technologist.html

Association of genetic technologists: http://www.agt-info.org/

Molecular genetic technologists study DNA for various purposes: to determine familial cancer risk, to diagnose neurological disorders, to identify microbiological agents, to match tissues for organ transplantation, to identify disaster or crime victims, and to determine parentage.

The following are some examples of skills molecular genetic technologists should have, according to the Statements of competence for molecular genetic technologists.

See the original post here:
What kind of jobs can I get with a Genetics major? | Texas A ...

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Atlanta

Dr. James Fortson, Ear, Nose, Throat Head & Neck Surgery, 285 Boulevard N.E. Ste. 220, Georgia 30307, 404.768.9350, 404.659.2273, http://www.fortsonent.com. A reader writes: "He's quiet and I had no idea he would be so expert or kind. Dr. Fortson is an amazing surgeon with a great deal of skill and compassion for his patients. His caregiving was excellent and I highly recommend him. His staff is competent and they made my life easier." (Added 6/05)

Atlanta

Dr. Jim Barron, gynecology, 780 Johnson Ferry Rd., Ga. 30304, 404-497-4700. A reader writes: "In addition to solving problems, Dr. Barron has wonderful bedside manner. He has a great support team as well, and can bring some comic relief to a situation that's sometimes too serious." (Added 6/05)

Atlanta

Frank Matalone, DO, Nutrition, 4646 North Shallowford Rd, Atlanta, Ga 30338, 770-676-6000. http://www.progressivemedicalcenter.com

Note: some patients report that this practice may require extensive -- and very costly (up to $3000) -- testing as part of initial evaluation. (March 2009)

He diagnosed me with Hypothyroidism when my GP said that I was fine despite the plethora of symptoms that I was experiencing. Dr. Matalone also explained the importance of detoxification and using natural forms of thyroid instead of synthetics. Progressive Medical is truly a one of a kind clinic.(Added 1/06)

Atlanta/Dunwoody

Viktor Bouquette, MD, Integrative Medicine, 4646 North Shallowford Rd #100, Ga 30338 770-676-6000, 770-392-9805 Fax http://www.progressivemedicacenter.com. Note: some patients report that this practice may require extensive -- and very costly (up to $3000) -- testing as part of initial evaluation. (March 2009)

A reader writes: "He listens to me and knew that my thyroid was not functioning optimally despite my PCP stating otherwise. I have been to numerous doctors with no answers until I decided to go to Progressive Medical. They turned around my life." (Added 6/05)

Another reader writes of Viktor Bouquette, MD, Frank Matalone, DO, NMD, Gez Agolli, NMD PhD Another reader writes: "They get to the root cause of disease, specializing in diagnosing and correcting underlying metabolic disorders. Including thyroid and adrenal disorders." (Added 6/05)

A reader writes: "He was the only doctor out of so many others who listened to me. He ordered extensive lab testing to get to the root cause of my problems. What a blessing to have found Progressive Medical Center." (Added 10/05)

Another recommendation: A reader writes: "Dr. Bouquette was the only physician to listen to me. i went to numerous doctors with no relief until I found Progressive Medical. They got to the root cause of my problem. They not only ran the testing but took the time to explain them in detail and teach me how to eat and detoxify. Today I am alive again and have an abundance of energy! Thank you Dr. Bouquette and the staff at Progressive Medical." (June 2006).

Atlanta

Dr. Kimberly Williford, Holistic/complementary/alternative MD, Naturopathic Doctor, 4646 N Shallowford Rd, Atlanta, GA 30338, Atlanta, GA, progressivemedicalcenter.com

Note: some patients report that this practice may require extensive -- and very costly (up to $3000) -- testing as part of initial evaluation. (March 2009)

A reader writes: Dr. Williford is wonderful. She, like everyone else at Progressive, thinks outside of the box and treats patients using complementary therapy. She prefers Armour, and also treats adrenal fatigue. I love her; she's done a lot to improve my quality of living. She is young, too, so I feel (as a younger woman) I can relate to her." (March 2009)

Atlanta

Dr. Harry K. Delcher, Endocrinologist, Other, Institute for Metabolic Research, Hammond Drive, Atlanta, GA, Atlanta, GA, Phone/Fax: (404) 943-0328 A reader writes: "For those in the North Atlanta area suffering from thyroid, metabolic issues, autoimmune diseases Dr. Delcher is the best. He is supportive and listens. After visiting several doctors that said no to T3 or Armor thyroid. He is also knowledgeable about female hormone issues and insulin/metabolic disorders. He is truly an excellent Doctor." (Added October 2007)

Atlanta

Dr. Jeff Donohue, Holistic/complementary/alternative MD, 107 West Paces Ferry Rd., NW Atlanta, GA, 30305, 866-460-3246, http://www.bodylogicmd.com jdonohuemd@bodylogicmd.com

A reader writes: "It took years to find the right doctor to treat my subclinical hypothyroidism. I found Dr. Donohue on referral. He was the only doctor to find that my testosterone levels were at "0" and treat me. He is extremely patient-friendly. He isn't intimidated by a patient's knowledge or questions. He is knowledgeable on thyroid issues, BHRT, and adrenal issues. He is cash only but well worth it for feeling well again!" (March 2009)

Atlanta

Alex Rikhter, MD, Internal Medicine, 1140 Hammond Drive, Suite G-7105, Atlanta, GA 30328, 770-351-0900. aerikhter@yahoo.com. "I have been to so many doctors and this is the first doctor I can ever say is Amazing! He asks questions, not from a chart, but from his head and heart. He wants to understand exactly how your feeling and talk to you about it. Dr. Rikhter tells you all of your options so you can talk about them together. He has genuine concern with how you feel and the problem isn't solved until you feel 110% better. He is someone you can call at 8 pm, like a friend, if you need anything. He is such a caring person and loves what he does. I guarantee you that there are no other doctors out there like him. This is the first doctor I can say I trust with my life. I am moving about an hour away and I will always go to him." (Added 6/02)

Another reader recommends Dr. Rikhter: "Dr. Rikhter is an amazingly patient doctor. He listens and takes the time to explain everything thoroughly. Once, after a long, confusing explanation, he even asked me, patiently, if I wanted him to explain again. He never rushes through an appointment or makes me feel like he has any other patients but me. He's also always prompt with his appointments. Dr. Rikhter is a wonderful doctor in every way. I would (and do) recommend him to everyone." (added 1/04)

Atlanta

Dr. John M. Wolff, MD, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Doctor and Internal Medicine Doctor, 3193 Howell Mill Road North West, Atlanta, Georgia (GA). "Dr Wolff fought for me and showed true empathy. I have also referred two friends to Dr Wolff that still thank me for sending them to such a wonderful doctor. He successfully resolved or treated their issues - thyroid tumor/nodules and hypothyroidism." (August 2007)

Atlanta

Carol Greenlee -- No longer listed (October 2006)

Atlanta

Dr. Scott Isaacs -- no longer listed (October 2007)

Atlanta / Roswell / Dunwoody

Dr. John Hamilton "Chip" Reed III, Endocrinologist -- NO LONGER

Atlanta - Buckhead Area

Dr. Spencer Welch -- no longer listed

Augusta

Dayal Davis Raja, M.D. Endocrinologist, Oncologist, 1040 Alexander Drive, Suite 3322 Augusta, 30909

A reader writes: "Excellent US trained, Board Certified and completed an Endocrinology Fellowship". This was how Dr.Raja was described to me, but it was his pleasant personality, intelligence, time with me to explain all that he was doing, and why he was doing everything that impressed me. He really made me feel like I was in control of my condition for the first time and so far so good! " (March 2009)

Brunswick

Dr. Arlauskas, Surgeon, 3 Tower Medical Park, 3215 Shrine Road, Brunswick, GA 31520-4300. (912) 265-5125. A reader writes: "Doctor Arlauskas is simply amazing. He is a brilliant surgeon who is not only gifted but caring. He answered every one of my questions and continued to explain my situation in lay term so that I left with a level of comfort and clear understanding on what the next steps were. Don't let his young looks fool you; he is 36 year old (2006) and has performed hundreds of Thyroid operations with great success. I have been told by other Oncologist in the area he is the one they always recommend and is considered to be the best Surgeon in Glynn County, GA. I thank him for saving my life." (October 2006).

Brunswick

Dr. Jamieson, Oncologist, 2500 Starling Street, Brunswick, GA 31520. (912) 466-5100. A reader writes: "Doctor Jamieson is an extremely skilled Radiation Oncologist who is as personable as they come. He is knowledge and expertise is second only to his care for the patient. He was able to answer all of my questions in a manor that could easily be understood and gave me great hope of success. I thank him for pursuing the thyroid and other cancers and for saving my life." (October 2006).

Brunswick

Dr. Anna Cabeca, General practice/internist/primary care, Osteopath/DO, 2712 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick, GA 31520-4727. (912) 267-7780. http://www.cabecahealth.com, drcabeca@cabecahealth.com. A reader writes: "After years of infertility, chronic fatigue, weight gain, constipation, muscle aches and general malaise, Dr.Cabeca's nurse practitioner, Cheryl Tyler, WHNP took the extra step to do an T3 and T4 test. Both were extremely low and she immediately started me on armour thyroid. Four months later, I miscarried. Dr. Cabeca took an "aggressive" approach, placed me on synthroid and raised my dosage based on my basal temperature. Not only did my symptoms greatly improve, I now have a much greater chance of becoming pregnant. I am recommending Dr. Cabeca because she's the only physician in five years who took the time to do the lab work, monitor my basal temperature and reassure me the symptoms were not all in my head. She is also ruling out all other causes for the miscarriage. If I had found her when my symptoms first started, the quality of my life would have significantly improved and I may not be trying to have my first child at 35. I would strongly recommend her to any woman with thyroid or fertility issues." (October 2006).

A reader writes: "Excellent holistic health provider!" (Added October 2007)

Covington

Dr. M. Manning, Internist, 7138 Georgia Highway, 30016 Phone 770-786-9700 "Dr. Manning has worked with me and we have come a long way," says this reader. "Started out with "your tests are normal," so it must be your heart or so on and so on. When I keep in his face after all the heart tests and depression meds he said "what would you like to do?" WOW! We started with a change to Armour and tests for Ft3 Ft4 and tsh. Now we treat me together, not a lab report."

Cumming

Alan Einstein Internist 1100 Baptist Medical Center Dr. Suite 230 Cumming, GA 30041 678-455-3833. A reader writes: "This doctor is willing to work with his patients to find solutions. He is not threatened by patients who read, he actually likes for his patients to take an active part in their treatment. He prescribed Armour for me before I could ask. He uses special formularies of T3 when needed. In addition to be a good doctor, he is also warm, caring and a lot of fun! He is on most insurance plans." (Added 4/03)

Cumming

Dr. Michael Milton, Family Practice, Advanced Medicine and Longevity Center 6030 Bethelview Road, Suite 403 Cumming, GA, 30040 "I have been suffering with thyroid problems for almost 4 years now," shares this reader, "Moving from Doctor to Doctor and getting absolutely nowhere. I was referred to Dr. Milton by a friend and he gave me the light at the end of the tunnel. He uses the Barnes Theory of diagnosing Thyroid dysfunctions and works with his patients and listens and then does what it takes to have his patients thyroid working at peak performance. He prescribes Armour Thyroid. I live in Michigan. This is nothing new to him as he has patients all the way from Japan. His staff is fantastic and very warm and helpful. I was at my wits end. After two miscarriages back to back and 4 years of turmoil this man by the grace of God has given me my life back."

Another fan of Dr. Milton writes: Dr. Michael Milton. General practice. 770-205-6068. A reader writes: "This is a Top Doc because he knows his stuff about the thyroid. I had been suffering for a long time and had tried convincing doctors of what I thought was going on with me -- but he took one look at me and knew. Even still -- he read over all my notes that I had been taking -- of symptoms I had been having and the various dosages of Synthroid I was on at the time -- which just wasn't working. He validated my feelings and the symptoms I was having -- for the first time in a long time. He sat with me for a good while and explained about thyroid & pituitary function -- and possible malfunctions -- reverse T3 -- and sounded as if he was reading from Mary's book. Thanks to the forum -- I was able to ask intelligent questions and concerns about symptoms that I was having -- whether they were related to the thyroid -- and he was not put off by that and did not act offended that I was questioning things -- as I have had happen before. In fact -- I think he was rather impressed that I knew so much about my own health. After he had spent some time with me -- he had his nurse come in and he re-explained everything in her presence -- so she would be familiar with my situation too -- and to make sure I understood everything. It was such a relief to know that there is actually someone out there with an open mind. He's agreeable to phone consultations and will adjust dosages as needed over the phone. He's about 40 miles from where I live -- but I'd gladly make the drive on a daily basis if needed to see him. He's worth the out of pocket money to see him and worth the drive to go see."

Another reader writes: "I have gone to a lot of endocrinologists in the Atlanta area over the past 12 years. Dr. Milton is the first doctor I would recommend. He studied under Dr. Coddington and has a special technique for diagnosing thyroid function along with standard blood tests. I always hear people in the waiting room talking about how he is best doctor they have ever been to. He is willing to listen and help. I go a long distance to see him when other doctors are closer. It is about a 2 month wait getting in to see him but he is worth the wait."

Another reader recommends Dr. Milton: "I realize that there are other recommendations for Dr. Milton already posted. That's the way I found him. But I must tell everyone that I have been seeing him since March, 2002. He is terrific. I had been to 4 doctors who told me that I was just severely depressed. One sent me to a psychiatrist. I just kept telling all of them that I was only depressed because they wouldn't listen and treat my hypothyroidism. Dr. Milton did extensive blood work. I am now on Armour and Cytomel and I'm doing better all the time. He is terrific and I recommend him highly." (Added 11/02)

More praise for Dr. Milton: I have been to many doctors who have treated my symptoms without finding the disease. Many TSH tests have come back "normal" and I was about to give up. I was referred to Dr. Milton and the first thing that he said to me was that he wanted to be sure to understand what I was telling him and also that I understand what he is explaining to me. He took plenty of time with me and did, in fact, diagnose me with hypothyroidism. I finally have a doctor who can help me! The 2.5 hour drive was well worth it!!! (1/04)

Another reader writes: "Dr. Milton listens and understands. If you have 50 questions (like I did) he will answer everyone of them. Since I've been with this doctor for 2 years, he has helped me lose my weight (45 lbs). He prescribes Armour thyroid and treats me not just my lab results. I drive 150 miles one way to his office and it's well worth the drive. I highly recommend him to someone else with hypothyroidism. I wouldn't have found Dr. Milton without this site, THANK YOU!" (Added: June 2004)

Another reader writes: "He saved my life." (Added: June 2004)

Another fan: "Dr. Milton really listens to you as a patient and as an intelligent human being. I knew something had to be terribly wrong with me because I was exercising, watching my food intake, and not losing an ounce. On top of that, the fatigue I was feeling was overwhelming. Dr. Milton has given me a light of what has been a very long tunnel of other doctors and medications. Thank you, Dr. Milton, from the bottom of my heart." (Added Dec. 04)

Another reader reports: "I went to Dr. Milton because of the comments on this website. He has definitely done more toward resolving my lingering symptoms from Hashimoto's Thyroiditis than any other Dr. I've been to in the Atlanta area since being diagnosed (after almost fainting in the waiting room) by my Ob/GYN almost 8 years ago. Dr. Milton does more for the mind/body connection than anyone I've been to, and he promotes patient involvement, reading books, taking vitamin supplements and such. I was frustrated that I didn't think things were moving as fast as they could though. He was treating me like I had just been diagnosed, rather than his being about the 6th or 7th in a long line of Docs for almost 8 years. I have VERY severe PMS, and he hesitated to address this symptom, even after my 3rd visit. He seems to have a strict plan with steps that he does not alter from, even if you have been there before. This is hard if your insurance does not cover his visits as he does NOT accept any form of insurance up front. I think he would be perfect for someone suspecting they have a thyroid problem, or has been misdiagnosed by a Dr. that only does a standard TSH test. Dr. Milton is very up to date on tests and has no problem ordering them and subscribing natural thyroid hormones, but remember that he does not accept insurance and requires full payment at the visit. You must file your own insurance." (Added 6/05)

Yet another reader writes: "Dr. Milton is remarkable. He has a holistic approach to medicine and will sit and talk with you for however long it takes to answer your questions and explain his techniques and treatments. But, probably the best thing about Dr. Milton is his office staff. I have left doctors in the past because their staff was thoughtless, rigid and seemingly uncaring. To me, that speaks more about a doctor's character than anything that takes place in the examining room. His waiting room is light, airy and comfortable. There's a small, bubbling fountain and a table where you can help yourself to a cup of hot, herbal tea. But, you never wait in there long. I've never had to wait longer than 15 minutes to see him, and that only happened once. He has pictures of his children in his office and when you ask about them, he glows with pride. It's rare to find a doctor who's not afraid to connect with patients in such a personal way. I owe him a lot." (Added 6/05)

Another fan of Dr. Milton: "Dr. Milton is awesome! His practice offers real personalized medicine. He listens to your symptoms and then treats you based on those symptoms. I wish there were more doctors like him out there." (Added 10/05)

More feedback: "I have Graves Disease and refusing to do RAI, TT, STT and wanting to stay on ATD's, I had been thru 15 endos in the last year. Nobody was willing to work with me. I wanted to start on modified Block and Replace (most drs. don't even know what this is). I found Dr. Milton thru this website - thank you Mary Shomon for having a place I could go to!, Dr.Milton is everything and then some in the good dr. category. He listened, didn't discount anything I was feeling, and agreed with me about the modified B&R. After struggling for 5 years with this disease, I have found the "jewel". He doesn't take insurance, but worth any out of pocket costs." (August 2007)

More praise: "Dr. Milton is awesome. I was diagnosed with graves disease and was treated with RAI by my first endocrinologist who used a cookie cutter approach to any thyroid problem. My body crashed and my first doctor didn't catch the signs until I was very sick. A friend suggested I go to Dr. Milton and he had me feeling like a new person within a week. I don't know if it was the Armor or the herbal treatments but whatever it is it worked. He is caring and will listen to your concerns and needs. He is out of network but it is well worth it. He will work with you by letting you get your labs drawn at you general physician so your insurance will cover it. " (Added October 2007)

Another reader writes: "Dr. Milton has been treating my hypothyroidism/Hashimoto's for 6 months now. He also diagnosed Adrenal Stress which answered a lot of questions. He helped me understand my autoimmune condition, and the mind/body connection. My hair has stopped falling out and I am feeling generally well and learning how to live with Hashimoto's." (May 2008)

Another reader writes: "I was diagnosed with Hashimoto's 3 years ago and self treated for 2 years until my adrenals were completely burned out and I was just getting worse. After 2 visits, Dr. Milton has me on the right track with thyroid and adrenal treatments. After the first visit, i was sleeping better and hot flashes went away in 2 weeks. Last year i tried Progressive Medical, but did not find them helpful at all. They wanted to focus on candida and "leaky gut" rather than thyroid or adrenal issues. Dr. Milton gets right to the root of the problem and explains everything so I understand what is going on. He also encourages me to educate myself about the autoimmunity." (May 2008)

More praise: "Dr. Milton blends the scientific with the holistic and it makes a big difference. I spent over 20 years with a hypothyroid condition that no other doctor could figure out. My test ranges were considered normal, but what I (and other doctors) didn't know is that it is the ratio between the T3, T4 and TSH levels that is important in treating this condition. It takes a PROPER diagnosis, which many doctors are not trained on(Why is this so???). I discounted my symptoms, like many women do, and tried to ignore it or as one doctor said "Just have another cup of coffee.", which was the worst advice. I was craving salty foods like mad, had a low temperature, low blood pressure, low heart rate, and was exhausted all the time. I have always been a very healthy person so I couldn't understand why I felt so bad--I didn't even have the energy to do the things I liked doing, like shopping or working out. Here's what to expect with Dr. Milton: Be prepared to be diagnosed properly, but be aware that it does take time to get test results back. It takes 2 months to get an initial appointment, so make the appointment as soon as you can. Once you get there, they don't take insurance, but they do provide you with the paperwork that you need to file with your own. Otherwise, it is about $200 for the initial consultation. It's worth every penny. After his evaluation, you will probably need some blood tests, which they will work with you if you can use the lab that your insurance uses. It takes a couple of weeks for them to get the tests back...yes, hang in there...but it is the second consultation where he can assimilate the information from the tests with his evaluation. Again, worth every penny and the 55 miles each way I drive to see him. In my case, I also needed an adrenal test, so it will be a few more weeks before I find out the results. Now, I am on Armor and I thank God every day for this man because it has been almost 2 weeks and I'm feeling better." (June 2008)

A reader writes: "Thank goodness I checked your site for someone who was able to treat my problem competently. Even on thyroid medication from another doctor on this list, I was still feeling terrible, he kept blaming it on stress. I went to Dr. Milton and within 4 days was feeling so much better. Even though my blood work looked normal, he got to the root of the problem. I also like that while you are talking, he types notes into his computer and then gives you a copy before you leave. His office schedules adequate time, you are never rushed and he takes the time to listen. I'm going to switch the rest of my family over to him as their primary doctor. " (March 2009)

Duluth

Dr. Susan H. Boyle -- NO LONGER LISTED. Asked to be removed. (June 2006)

Gainesville

Doctor Robert Grant, Endo, 174 Prior St. NE, Gainesville, GA, 770-5361381. "Dr. Grant considers more than just blood test and is willing to prescribe T3 (Cytomel) and Armour. My TSH was very low. Instead of automatically reducing my thyroid medication, he asked "How do you feel?" I replied," I feel great. For the first time in years my joint pain is gone, my memory has returned, and I'm no longer having emotional swings and episodes of rage." He considered other factors such as pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperatures and my past problems Mercury poisoning and with the ineffectiveness of Synthroid. He wanted me to stay on the relatively high dose of Armour and Cytomel. I asked, because the T3 levels were at the top of normal, "Should I reduce the T3?" He replied, "Keep taking it." AT LAST A DOCTOR WHO DOES NOT PLAY THE BLOOD TEST NUMBERS GAME. He is an older doctor and takes the time necessary to get to know all about you. In addition, he is reasonable and will not over charge the patient."

Gainesville

Dr. Jeffrey Lev, Endocrinology, 660-B Lanier Park Drive NE, Gainesville, GA 30505, 706-532-8999 (behind Lanier Park Hospital). A reader shares the following, "He has prescribed Armour to me, and was extremely open minded to alternative treatments. I was very pleased with his demeanor and would highly recommend him to someone else with hypothyroidism."

Another recommendation: "I am a 3 year Graves disease patient who is adamant about staying on anti-thyroid meds and will avoid RAI at all costs. Dr. Lev is the 3rd Endo I have seen for my Graves. He is calm, compassionate and thorough. He listened to my concerns and complaints and did NOT try to force RAI on me. He even has a sense of humor...imagine that...an Endo with a sense of humor! At my first visit to Dr. Lev he spent a solid hour with me taking a full, thorough background history including the health of extended family. Then we spent another 30 minutes discussing my treatment to date and what we would do in the future for me. His knowledge of Graves specifically might be lacking a bit, as he believes in the TSH test (which I do not) and he did mention RAI once to me, but understood where I stand after I explained why I feel so strongly about avoiding RAI. I must say that the hour I spent with Dr. Lev was a welcome change from the other 2 Endo's I've seen over the last 3 years who would rush me in and rush me out within 15 minutes. I feel like I was HEARD for the first time since I was diagnosed! I'm thrilled to have found him, and I thank the original poster who listed him on this site, as I probably would not have found him without this site!" (Added 6/02).

Another reader writes: "Dr. Jeffery Lev helped me to successfully reduced my A1C from 12.7 to 6.0 in a 9 month time frame. I would highly recommend him to other diabetic or endocrinology patients." (Added: Dec. 04)

Gainesville

Karen Newell, MD, Women's problems, Alternative Medicine, 1016 Thompson Bridge Road, Gainesville, GA 30501, (770)533-4494/(770)533-9919, www. gahealthandmedicine.com. "Caring, up to date. Various therapies, incl. acupuncture chelation and hyperbaric oxygen." (Added 6/02)

Another recommendation: "I had been to many different doctors to find out what was wrong with me, and I finally found Dr. Newell. She made it a point to find out what was wrong with me and have me well in less than a year. She is very sweet and caring and wants all her patients well enough so that they don't have to come back." (Added 6/02)

Kingsland

Jimmy Diaz, Internal medicine/Integrated medicine, 140 Lakes Blvd, Suite D, Ga 31548, 912-729-6606, drjimmydiaz@tds.net. A reader writes: "This doctor is awesome. I feel so good after giving up endocrinologist that wasn't helping me at all and getting to Dr. Diaz. I am now on Armour Thyroid and feeling great. This doctor cares enough to make whatever is wrong with you right. Please call if you're around here. I have a new lease on life." (Added 6/05)

Another reader recommends Dr. Diaz: "This doctor is a rare find. He listens and sincerely wants to help you get your life back." (Added 10/05)

Lawrenceville

David W. Kunz -- No longer listed (March 2009)

Lawrenceville

Dr. David Shore -- NO LONGER LISTED (April 2006)

Macon

A. Keith Martin, Surgeon. 330 Hospital Drive, Suite 315 (912) 750-8606. A reader shares, "Dr. Martin and his entire staff are first-rate. When diagnosed with Thyroid cancer he spent as much time as my husband and I needed to evaluate treatment options, the procedure, side effects, etc. In fact, after the surgery he came to check on me three times that day and twice more before I was discharged the day after my surgery, to make sure that I was doing well, that the hospital staff was responsive to my needs and to assure my husband that I was doing well!! He continued to follow up with my care for 6 months...and I have no noticeable thyroid "necklace" to show for his skill as a surgeon! I thoroughly recommend this practice for those needing thyroid surgery in Middle Georgia. He skill and concern are well worth the drive."

Macon

Dr. Lisa Snellgrove, General practice/internist/primary care, Macon, Georgia , (478) 742-8461 "I am a nurse and was working at the same hospital Dr. Snellgrove was working at this day i am going to discuss. I was 4 months postpartum and feeling horrible. I knew something was wrong I was so "brain-fogged" that I could not figure what was going on. I was faxing something and had my side 2 the doorway and Dr. Snellgrove walked in and immediately told me she thought something was wrong with me and she was pretty sure it was my thyroid (keep in mind she had not seen me prev. this day and really did not know me well). well then it clicked so I went to my MD at the time that day 2 have my labs drawn and sure enough my TSH was 224. She practically saved my life and is now my md! She is brilliant and I highly recommend her!" (July 2008)

Marietta

A reader writes: "A Top Doc in Marietta, Georgia is Dr. Ralph Lee, a family physician who practices preventive medicine and nutrition therapy. He prescribes natural Armour thyroid, diagnoses and treats food allergies and Candida, and is a very nice, unpretentious man. His number is 770-423-0064."

Marietta

Elyse Glaser, Endocrinologist -- NO LONGER LISTED

Macon

Lesley Cowan,M.D., Internal Med, 3951 Ridge Ave, Macon Ga 31210, 478-757-7345. A reader writes: "After trips to so many other doctors, she is the first to listen and believe the symptoms are real even though some lab values are only borderline. She WILL keep trying until she helps you. She gave me my life back! I feel so good after feeling so bad for so many years. She is Doctor Wonderful!" (June 2006).

Original post:
Georgia Top Doctors -- Best Thyroid Doctors ...

Specialties

We are a private practice specializing in spine and sports medicine. Our practice takes a team approach in caring for and treating our patients. We believe this approach is the best way to effectively manage your injuries as you recover.

Our multidisciplinary staff includes a team of board certified physicians and licensed physical therapists. Our treatments center on conservative non-surgical approaches to help minimize your pain and restore your body's function back.

Dr. Craig Feuerman specializes in musculoskeletal, spine and sports medicine. He has a dual board certification in the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and also the specialty of Sports Medicine. He completed his residency training at the renowned RUSK Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine at New York University Medical Center.

He is an active diplomat of the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Dr. Feuerman has also been appointed to faculty at Columbia University Medical Center as a Clinical Assistant Professor and enjoys teaching residents at New York Presbyterian Hospital.

He has expertise in performing electromyography and nerve conduction testing as a tool in diagnosing muscle and nerve disorders. Dr. Feuerman takes a conservative and compassionate approach to treating his patients. He enjoys helping patients recover from their injuries.

Link:
City Sports Medicine - Physical Therapy - Flatiron - New York ...

We have already talked about CR and longevitynow we are going to bring up what scientists are calling the longevity gene otherwise known as SIRT1. The main story quoted below comes from an article called Unlocking the Secrets of Longevity Genes in the Scientific American Feb 06 (all thanks to Thomas for sending me the issue). You can also read that article online here. (good read, more technical) Heres some of the main highlights:

At one time, scientists believed aging to be not just deterioration but an active continuation of an organisms genetically programmed development. This idea has been discredited, and conventional wisdom now holds that aging really is just wearing out over time because the bodys normal maintenance and repair mechanisms simply wane.

Evolutionary natural selection, the logic goes, has no reason to keep them working once an organism has passed its reproductive age. Yet we and other researchers have found that a family of genes involved in an organisms ability to withstand a stressful environment, such as excessive heat or scarcity of food or water, have the power to keep its natural defense and repair activities going strong regardless of age.

By optimizing the bodys functioning for survival, these genes maximize the individuals chances of getting through the crisis. And if they remain activated long enough, they can also dramatically enhance the organisms health and extend its life span. In essence, they represent the opposite of aging geneslongevity genes.

So by under going types of stress, the body is able to respond and activate genes that are responsible for cellular repair and protection. So our aging model is essentially dictated by the cellular health (as it should besince we are made up of trillions of cells in our bones, tissues, organs). Once our cells are damaged for whatever reason, they need to be repaired with healthy materials or they will continue along their destructive path (which can be cancer, disease or death).

Restricting an animals calorie intake is the most famous intervention known to extend life span. Discovered more than 70 years ago, it is still the only one absolutely proven to work. Most diseases, including cancer, diabetes and even neurodegenerative illnesses, are forestalled. The organism seems to be supercharged for survival.

The phenomenon was long attributed to a simple slowing down of metabolismcells production of energy from fuel moleculesand therefore reduction of its toxic by-products in response to less food. But this view now appears to be incorrect.

Calorie restriction does not slow metabolism in mammals, and in yeast and worms, metabolism is both sped up and altered by the diet. We believe, therefore, that calorie restriction is a biological stressor like natural food scarcity that induces a defensive response to boost the organisms chances of survival. In mammals, its effects include changes in cellular defenses, repair, energy production and activation of programmed cell death known as apoptosis.

So this is pretty powerful stuff. Survival mechanisms turned on by Calorie Restriction/Fasting (a natural evolutionary stress) turn on a primal response that increase a cells defense (against toxins, free radicals or other destructive elements), can increase cellular repair (and therefore the health of wherever the cells are located.as if you repair cells in the heart, the heart gets stronger) and positively effect energy production which could lead to improved performance. Not only that but it also has the potential to stall progressive damage at the cellular level as seen in degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neuro-based illnesses.

The mammalian version of the yeast SIR2 gene is known as SIRT1 (SIR2 homolog 1). Several of these proteins targeted by Sirt1 have been identified and are known to control critical processes, including apoptosis, cell defenses and metabolism.

Increased Sirt1 in mice and rats, for example, allows some of the animals cells to survive in the face of stress that would normally trigger their programmed suicide. Sirt1 thus enhances cellular repair mechanisms while buying time for them to work.

Over the course of a lifetime, cell loss from apoptosis (cell death) may be an important factor in aging, particularly in nonrenewable tissues such as the heart and brain, and slowing cell death may be one way Sirtuins promote health and longevity.

Recent research by Pere Puigserver of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and his colleagues has shown that NAD levels rise in liver cells under fasting conditions, prompting increased Sirt1 activity.

Through CR/short term fasting conditions we send signals that could in fact slow down apoptosis/cell death. This is a breakthrough when it comes to anti-aging, as obviously the longer keep our cells and organs functioning properly, then the longer we are able to live. But have the cells in your brain, heart, lungs start to die off and cause disease through organ disfunction/declinethen you are accelerating your aging (which really is just a fancy way of saying getting closer to death).

By reducing fat stores, calorie restriction may establish a pattern of hormone signals that communicates scarcity, which activates cell defenses. Indeed, Sirt1 activity is increased in fat cells after food limitation, causing fat stores to move from the cells into the bloodstream for conversion to energy in other tissues. This effect on fat and the signals it sends would, in turn, set the pace of aging in the entire organism and make Sirt1 a key regulator of the longevity conferred by calorie restriction in mammals.

Another reason that losing weight and keeping it off is important to longevity and health. With a low bodyfat and CR/Fasting, you signal famine with little fat stores for backuptherefore increasing cell defenses for the upcoming stress of famine (more SIRT1 activity).

Another critical process modified by Sirt1 is inflammation, which is involved in a number of disorders, including cancer, arthritis, asthma, heart disease and neurodegeneration. Recent work by Martin W. Mayo and his colleagues at the University of Virginia has shown that Sirt1 inhibits NF-B, a protein complex that promotes the inflammatory response.

Sirt1 controls inflammation which is a factor in many diseases and aging. We have already seen the CR had positive effects on inflammation in this study (found in the resources section): Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderative asthma

The Sirt1-activating compound resveratrol has the same effect.

Also you may have heard of the health benefits of red wine, and now the latest supplement to hit the market called resveratrol. We can now see the pathway in which it can have in reducing inflammation, degenerative diseases and anti-aging through activating more Sirt1 activity. Could this stuff be for real? We look more into that in Part II.

As we wrap up Part I and all the info above, here are some additional interesting studies on Sirt1 including:

photo above from physiologyonline.physiology.org

View original post here:
The Longevity Gene SIRT1 CR, Fasting and Aging Diseases

The Integrative Medicine Program engages patients and their families to become active participants in improving their physical, psycho-spiritual and social health. The ultimate goals are to optimize health, quality of life and clinical outcomes through personalized evidence-based clinical care, exceptional research and education.

We provide access to multiple data bases of authoritative, up to date reviews on the evidence and safety for the use of herbs, supplements, vitamins, and minerals, as well as other complementary medicine modalities.

To support our efforts in clinical care, research, education and training please consider a donation.

If you are interested in our clinical services and free group classes please visit our Integrative Medicine Center.

Our research focuses on reducing the negative consequences of cancer diagnosis and treatment through studying the use of modalities such as acupuncture, meditation and yoga to treat side effects and improve quality of life. We study the use of plants and other natural compounds to treat cancer and cancer-related symptoms. We also examine the benefits of physical activity, nutrition, stress management and social support on health outcomes.

The goal of the education is to provide authoritative, evidence-based information for health care professionals, caregivers and patients who would like to safely incorporate complementary medicine therapies with conventional cancer care. Our Integrative Medicine Program offers educational activities and trainings, such as a monthly Lecture Series , Research Club, Journal Club, Integrative Oncology Education Series, conferences and workshops.

The Integrative Medicine Center offers professional guidance to assist patients regarding their personalized, comprehensive treatments. The Center provides services and programs that work together with conventional cancer care and focus on physical, mind-spirit, and social health.

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Thursday, February 11 6:30 p.m. - 8 p.m.

at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Audrey Jones Beck Building

Friends of Integrative Medicine exists to raise awareness within MD Anderson and the larger Houston community of the important role of integrative medicine in cancer prevention and in helping those with cancer live better and longer.

Become a member today for access to lectures and exclusive, member-only events.

Contact Kira Taniguchi for more information.

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Discover What Integrative Medicine Is | MD Anderson Cancer ...

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term condition where the body either no longer makes a hormone called insulin or the insulin that is made no longer works as well as it should. Either way, high levels of glucose (a form of sugar) build in the blood. High glucose levels cause damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes increases the risk for heart attacks and strokes.

Diabetes is the primary cause of new cases of adult blindness, kidney failure, and non-traumatic lower-limb amputation. Over a million Michigan adults have diabetes.

Learn How to Manage Diabetes

Prediabetes is a condition where people have higher than normal blood glucose levels, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes. People with prediabetes are at high risk of developing diabetes. In Michigan, it is estimated over 2.6 million adults have prediabetes.

Learn How to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the result of long-term damage to the kidneys usually caused by chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension. More than 900,000 Michigan adults suffer from chronic kidney disease.

For more information about chronic kidney disease visit the National Kidney Foundation of Michigan at http://www.nkfm.org.

Diabetes Self-Management Education Certification Program To increase availability and improve the quality of diabetes self-management education, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Certification Program has developed review criteria based on national standards. The Certification Program staff provide consultation services related to the standards and certification process. Programs that meet criteria and are certified are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement. Four Critical Times for Self-Management Education

Diabetes Prevention Program Michigan's Diabetes Prevention Program collaborates strategically to increase the delivery of evidence-based prevention messaging and programs such as the National Diabetes Prevention Program to high risk populations to reduce diabetes risk. The National Diabetes Prevention Program is an evidence-based lifestyle change program for preventing type 2 diabetes and is offered in many Michigan communities through delivery organizations.

Michigan Partners on the PATH PATH (Personal Action Toward Health) is a chronic disease self-management program that helps participants build the skills they need for the day-to-day management of a chronic disease. PATH is a six-week workshop and covers topics including healthy eating, relaxation techniques, problem solving and communication skills.

For more information, please contact Karen McCloskey at McCloskeyK@michigan.gov.

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Program The Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity program presents fact sheets about behavioral and risk factor indicators of Michigan adults with diabetes, prediabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure.

Mission of the MDHHS Diabetes and Prevention Control Program: To establish and implement prevention strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and its complications among Michigan residents.

For questions, data requests or more information about the Michigan Diabetes Prevention and Control Program call 517-335-8853.

Staff of the Diabetes and Other Chronic Disease Section

Useful Links

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Michigan Diabetes Prevention and Control Program

Diabetes Education

The St. Joseph Mercy Center for Diabetes offers in-depth diabetes education. We help people with diabetes learn how to take care of themselves and reduce their risk of developing complications. We are approved by the American Diabetes Association and the Michigan Department of Community Health. These organizations make sure that our program meets the highest standards.

Our Registered Dietitians and Registered Nurses are Certified Diabetes Educators who specialize in diabetes education. We provide group and one-on-one instruction. Our staff works with each individual and their physician to develop a self-care plan that meets their needs.

Taking care of yourself is an important part of staying healthy when you have diabetes. We can help you understand diabetes and how it affects your body. Diet, exercise and medication all impact your blood sugar. Learning more about a healthy diet, exercise and your medication can help you to control blood sugar.

We offer education on the following topics:

If you would like to learn more about living with diabetes,please discuss your interest with your physician, and ask them to complete the Physician Referral Form.

Here are some tips for healthy eating for people with diabetes:

For more information please call the St. Joseph Mercy Center for Diabetes at one of our locations:

St. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor 734-712-2431 Located in The Washtenaw Medical Arts Building on 3075 Clark Rd. Suite 100.

St. Joseph Mercy Livingston, Howell 517-545-6125 Located in Suite 1100, the Time Share Suite, enter from the parking lot in the back of the hospital

St. Joseph Mercy Chelsea 734-593-5280 Now located in the professional building, suite 201,on St. Joseph Mercy ChelseaCampus

Additional information on diabetes can be found on the following Web sites:

American Diabetes Association

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (provides educational materials about diabetes free of charge)

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International

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St. Joseph Mercy Center for Diabetes - St. Joe's Ann Arbor