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Check out the most popular stories of the year!

Lee T. Nordan, MD, known to the ophthalmic community as one of the leading and innovative refractive surgeons, passed away Dec. 21, 2015 at the age of 69 from glioblastoma, a rare and extremely aggressive form of brain cancer. To his...

Severe myopia affected the attitudes of both Theodore Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan, but in opposite ways, according to biographer Edmund Morris. Since both of them became aware of their myopia in their early teens, it was obviously a...

Ophthalmology Times spoke with its Editorial Advisory Board members to get their thoughts on how the field of ophthalmology is growing, what advances they are highly anticipating, and what major hurdles ophthalmologists will face in...

Alimera Sciences features 10 physician case studies via webcast.

An investigational corneal inlay for presbyopia called the Raindrop had good near visual acuity results and patient satisfaction in a group of active patients.

A group of surgeons were faced with a suprachoroidal hemorrhage following trauma, and decided to break the rules when tackling the case, and came out with surprisingly good results.

The advent of gene therapy poses a new area of drug development for inherited and acquires ocular disorders.

Patients can now easily receive an eye exam in the comfort of their own home thanks to Opternative, a new online vision test.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) has been linked to a higher risk of undiagnosed cardiovascular problems than previously believed, according to a recent German study.

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OphthalmologyTimes Home Page | OphthalmologyTimes

Pritikin Center

Pritikin's health resort is nestled in a private enclave, a gracious work of Italianate architecture, and is surrounded by 650 acres of tropical paradise in Miami. Amenities include swimming pools, five championship golf courses, tennis courts, and meditative labyrinths.

More than 100K people world-wide have come to Pritikin. For some, the primary goal is losing weight. Others want to prevent and address health issues. Still others seek the ultimate spa-health vacation. Everyone leaves feeling better and, best of all - living better.

Every day at Pritikin, you're immersed in exercise classes based on your personal fitness prescription, stress management workshops, one-on-one counseling with physicians, and education classes led by acclaimed nutritionists, scientists, and lifestyle counselors.

You will meet with an exercise physiologist, a psychologist, and an endocrinologist. They will prepare you a take-home plan, help you develop healthy behaviors, understand the strides you made at the Center, and chart a long-term strategy for success.

Since 1975, more than 100,000 guests at the Pritikin Center and millions world-wide have prevented or reversed health challenges like heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Their stories are both motivational and inspiring.

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Pritikin Longevity Center & Spa | Voted Best Weight Loss ...

Nanomedicine Overview

What if doctors had tiny tools that could search out and destroy the very first cancer cells of a tumor developing in the body? What if a cell's broken part could be removed and replaced with a functioning miniature biological machine? Or what if molecule-sized pumps could be implanted in sick people to deliver life-saving medicines precisely where they are needed? These scenarios may sound unbelievable, but they are the ultimate goals of nanomedicine, a cutting-edge area of biomedical research that seeks to use nanotechnology tools to improve human health.

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A lot of things are small in today's high-tech world of biomedical tools and therapies. But when it comes to nanomedicine, researchers are talking very, very small. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, too small even to be seen with a conventional lab microscope.

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Nanotechnology is the broad scientific field that encompasses nanomedicine. It involves the creation and use of materials and devices at the level of molecules and atoms, which are the parts of matter that combine to make molecules. Non-medical applications of nanotechnology now under development include tiny semiconductor chips made out of strings of single molecules and miniature computers made out of DNA, the material of our genes. Federally supported research in this area, conducted under the rubric of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, is ongoing with coordinated support from several agencies.

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For hundreds of years, microscopes have offered scientists a window inside cells. Researchers have used ever more powerful visualization tools to extensively categorize the parts and sub-parts of cells in vivid detail. Yet, what scientists have not been able to do is to exhaustively inventory cells, cell parts, and molecules within cell parts to answer questions such as, "How many?" "How big?" and "How fast?" Obtaining thorough, reliable measures of quantity is the vital first step of nanomedicine.

As part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund [nihroadmap.nih.gov], the NIH [nih.gov] has established a handful of nanomedicine centers. These centers are staffed by a highly interdisciplinary scientific crew, including biologists, physicians, mathematicians, engineers and computer scientists. Research conducted over the first few years was spent gathering extensive information about how molecular machines are built.

Once researchers had catalogued the interactions between and within molecules, they turned toward using that information to manipulate those molecular machines to treat specific diseases. For example, one center is trying to return at least limited vision to people who have lost their sight. Others are trying to develop treatments for severe neurological disorders, cancer, and a serious blood disorder.

The availability of innovative, body-friendly nanotools that depend on precise knowledge of how the body's molecular machines work, will help scientists figure out how to build synthetic biological and biochemical devices that can help the cells in our bodies work the way they were meant to, returning the body to a healthier state.

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Last Updated: January 22, 2014

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Nanomedicine Fact Sheet

Species Name Minimum age at encounter Banding date Banding region Age at banding Sex Encounter date Encounter region How bird and band were obtained Condition of bird/band at encounter Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 10 years 07 months 2/15/2005 Louisiana After Hatching Year Male 1/10/2015 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Removed Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 8 years 02 months 7/2/1965 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 8/25/1972 Texas Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Unknown Fulvous Whistling-Duck 11 years 02 months 8/18/1993 Florida Local Male 8/8/2004 Cuba Shot. Dead/Removed Fulvous Whistling-Duck 6 years 06 months 8/28/1971 Louisiana Local Male 12/99/1977 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Unknown Greater White-fronted Goose 25 years 06 months 7/28/1975 Nunavut After Second Year Unknown 12/26/1998 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Unknown Greater White-fronted Goose 22 years 04 months 9/28/1962 Saskatchewan Hatching Year Male 10/1/1984 Alberta Shot. Dead/Removed Greater White-fronted Goose 19 years 06 months 4/9/1954 California Unknown Female 10/14/1973 Washington Shot. Dead/Removed Greater White-fronted Goose 18 years 07 months 7/16/1960 Northwest Territories Second Year Female 01/41/1978 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Removed Greater White-fronted Goose 17 years 06 months 10/8/1952 California After Hatching Year Male 12/23/1968 Mexico Shot. Dead/Unknown Greater White-fronted Goose 17 years 03 months 10/2/1960 North Dakota Hatching Year Male 94/99/1977 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Removed Emperor Goose 20 years 03 months 7/29/1994 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 9/15/2013 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Emperor Goose 14 years 02 months 8/7/1999 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 8/14/2012 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Emperor Goose 12 years 00 months 6/22/1993 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 06/99/2004 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Emperor Goose 10 years 02 months 7/29/1980 Alaska After Second Year Female 8/1/1988 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Emperor Goose 9 years 04 months 8/5/1981 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 10/6/1989 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Emperor Goose 9 years 02 months 7/29/1980 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 8/1/1988 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Goose 27 years 06 months 1/4/1974 Texas After Second Year Unknown 12/99/1999 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Blue Goose 26 years 07 months 8/1/1952 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 1/1/1978 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Blue Goose 22 years 07 months 7/28/1961 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 1/23/1983 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Blue Goose 19 years 06 months 11/18/1934 Louisiana Unknown Unknown 12/10/1953 Arkansas Shot. Dead/Unknown Ross's Goose 22 years 06 months 10/5/1972 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Female 12/4/1993 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Ross's Goose 21 years 06 months 10/18/1962 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Male 12/99/1982 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Ross's Goose 19 years 07 months 8/2/1962 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 1/10/1981 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Ross's Goose 19 years 07 months 3/26/1957 California After Hatching Year Male 1/17/1976 California Shot. Dead/Removed Ross's Goose 17 years 05 months 9/25/1962 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Male 11/3/1978 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Removed Ross's Goose 17 years 04 months 10/4/1961 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Male 10/12/1977 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Removed Atlantic Brant 16 years 07 months 8/7/1956 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 1/8/1972 New York Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Black Brant 27 years 06 months 7/11/1963 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 12/23/1989 Washington Shot. Dead/Removed Black Brant 25 years 09 months 7/13/1963 Alaska Second Year Male 3/2/1988 British Columbia Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Black Brant 25 years 05 months 7/13/1963 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 11/18/1987 California Shot. Dead/Removed Black Brant 24 years 08 months 7/11/1963 Alaska Second Year Male 02/99/1987 Mexico Shot. Dead/Unknown Black Brant 20 years 08 months 7/13/1963 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 02/99/1983 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Black Brant 18 years 07 months 7/13/1963 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 1/28/1981 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Black Brant 18 years 06 months 7/11/1963 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 12/28/1980 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Black Brant 17 years 08 months 7/10/1963 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 2/20/1980 California Shot. Dead/Removed Black Brant 16 years 08 months 7/28/1962 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 2/5/1978 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Cackling Goose 22 years 08 months 8/5/1987 Alaska Local Male 2/24/2010 Oregon Shot. Dead/Removed Cackling Goose 18 years 04 months 10/25/1959 California Hatching Year Unknown 10/16/1977 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 33 years 03 months 10/31/1969 Ohio After Hatching Year Female 94/99/2001 Ontario Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 28 years 05 months 1/28/1969 Illinois Second Year Unknown 11/16/1996 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 25 years 07 months 10/17/1966 Missouri After Hatching Year Male 1/8/1991 Illinois Shot. Dead/Unknown Canada Goose 25 years 03 months 2/23/1974 Illinois After Second Year Unknown 9/10/1997 Michigan Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 24 years 04 months 1/21/1963 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 10/4/1986 Quebec Shot. Dead/Unknown Canada Goose 23 years 07 months 1/29/1968 North Carolina After Third Year Male 1/2/1989 Virginia Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 23 years 06 months 1/9/1944 Illinois After Hatching Year Female 12/8/1966 Illinois Shot. Dead/Unknown Canada Goose 23 years 04 months 11/9/1949 Missouri After Hatching Year Male 10/11/1971 Manitoba Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 23 years 03 months 10/20/1959 Missouri After Hatching Year Female 93/99/1981 Minnesota Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 22 years 06 months 1/15/1953 Illinois After Hatching Year Male 12/99/1974 Illinois Shot. Dead/Unknown Canada Goose 22 years 04 months 12/12/1951 Illinois After Hatching Year Female 10/7/1972 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 20 years 06 months 7/6/1950 Alaska Hatching Year Male 12/43/1970 Washington Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 20 years 04 months 1/3/1959 Illinois Second Year Unknown 10/3/1978 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 18 years 04 months 11/26/1960 Missouri Hatching Year Male 10/2/1978 Manitoba Shot. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 16 years 07 months 10/13/1961 Wisconsin Hatching Year Male 1/30/1978 Illinois Found dead. Dead/Removed Canada Goose 16 years 04 months 10/9/1962 Wisconsin Hatching Year Female 10/1/1978 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Hawaiian Goose 20 years 07 months 2/10/1993 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 1/25/2012 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Hawaiian Goose 20 years 05 months 10/2/1991 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 11/27/2009 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Left On Bird Hawaiian Goose 19 years 01 months 4/16/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Male 5/2/1996 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Hawaiian Goose 17 years 09 months 7/4/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Male 3/7/1995 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Mute Swan 26 years 09 months 7/16/1962 Rhode Island Second Year Male 3/10/1988 Rhode Island Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Mute Swan 13 years 04 months 8/20/1963 Rhode Island Local Female 10/22/1976 Connecticut Caught by or due to: miscellaneous birds Dead/Removed Mute Swan 13 years 03 months 7/15/1971 Maryland After Second Year Male 9/25/1982 Maryland Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mute Swan 11 years 10 months 9/9/1963 Rhode Island After Hatching Year Female 4/3/1974 Rhode Island Shot. Dead/Removed Trumpeter Swan 26 years 02 months 5/8/1991 Wisconsin Third Year Female 8/5/2015 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Trumpeter Swan 25 years 07 months 5/8/1991 Wisconsin Third Year Female 1/16/2015 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Trumpeter Swan 23 years 10 months 7/22/1957 Montana Second Year Male 4/25/1980 Idaho Found dead. Dead/Removed Trumpeter Swan 18 years 02 months 7/22/1957 Montana Second Year Female 8/8/1974 Montana Found dead. Dead/Removed Whistling Swan 25 years 04 months 3/18/1975 Ohio After Second Year Female 10/25/1998 Ohio Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Whistling Swan 23 years 07 months 7/13/1972 Northwest Territories After Third Year Female 1/23/1993 North Carolina Shot. Dead/Unknown Whistling Swan 14 years 02 months 8/18/1961 Northwest Territories Unknown Male 8/15/1975 Northwest Territories Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wood Duck 22 years 06 months 9/8/1962 Oregon Hatching Year Male 12/28/1984 California Shot. Dead/Removed Wood Duck 17 years 07 months 11/10/1959 Tennessee After Hatching Year Male 1/1/1976 Mississippi Shot. Dead/Unknown Wood Duck 13 years 07 months 7/29/1965 Iowa Hatching Year Female 1/5/1979 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Removed Wood Duck 13 years 05 months 5/27/1963 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Female 11/11/1975 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Wood Duck 13 years 04 months 8/3/1964 Illinois Hatching Year Male 10/2/1977 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Gadwall 19 years 06 months 8/8/1962 Saskatchewan Local Male 12/29/1981 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Removed Gadwall 17 years 08 months 8/4/1952 Saskatchewan Juvenile Male 2/28/1970 Mexico Shot. Dead/Unknown Eurasian Wigeon 8 years 00 months 1/14/1966 Oregon Unknown Male 1/9/1974 Oregon Shot. Dead/Removed American Wigeon 21 years 04 months 11/24/1952 Washington Unknown Male 10/28/1973 Nebraska Shot. Dead/Removed American Wigeon 15 years 05 months 2/4/1962 California After Hatching Year Male 11/99/1976 California Shot. Dead/Removed American Black Duck 26 years 05 months 11/17/1952 Pennsylvania Unknown Male 11/8/1978 Delaware Shot. Dead/Removed American Black Duck 26 years 04 months 8/18/1960 Quebec Hatching Year Female 10/27/1986 Quebec Found dead. Dead/Removed American Black Duck 24 years 09 months 3/19/1956 Maryland Unknown Male 12/41/1980 New York Shot. Dead/Removed American Black Duck 22 years 05 months 11/14/1948 Pennsylvania Hatching Year Male 11/23/1970 Alabama Shot. Dead/Removed Mallard 27 years 07 months 1/9/1981 Louisiana After Hatching Year Male 1/17/2008 Arkansas Shot. Dead/Removed Mallard 26 years 04 months 1/8/1973 Michigan After Hatching Year Male 10/10/1998 Michigan Shot. Dead/Removed Mallard 23 years 05 months 12/14/1948 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 11/28/1970 Oregon Shot. Dead/Removed Mallard 21 years 03 months 12/10/1955 Illinois Unknown Male 93/99/1976 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Removed Mallard 17 years 07 months 9/4/1960 Michigan Hatching Year Female 1/17/1978 South Carolina Shot. Dead/Removed Mallard 13 years 09 months 1/10/1964 Idaho Unknown Male 10/4/1977 Idaho Shot. Dead/Removed Mottled Duck 13 years 07 months 7/9/1997 Florida Local Male 1/8/2011 Florida Shot. Dead/Removed Mottled Duck 13 years 05 months 8/6/1963 Texas After Hatching Year Male 11/30/1975 Texas Shot. Dead/Unknown Mexican Duck 5 years 06 months 9/10/1968 New Mexico Hatching Year Male 12/9/1973 New Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Hawaiian Duck 3 years 08 months 4/17/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 2/15/1982 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Laysan Duck 11 years 10 months 9/22/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Female 4/21/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Laysan Duck 11 years 03 months 5/29/1958 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 9/10/1968 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue-winged Teal 23 years 03 months 8/8/1983 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Male 94/99/2005 Cuba Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 22 years 04 months 9/6/1960 Vermont Hatching Year Female 10/30/1982 Quebec Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 21 years 11 months 8/18/1964 Manitoba Hatching Year Male 5/9/1986 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 21 years 03 months 7/18/1961 Alberta After Hatching Year Male 93/99/1981 Ontario Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 17 years 05 months 7/28/1955 Nebraska Local Male 11/11/1972 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Unknown Blue-winged Teal 16 years 09 months 7/17/1963 Nebraska Local Male 3/3/1980 Mexico Shot. Dead/Unknown Blue-winged Teal 16 years 06 months 8/22/1964 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Male 12/1/1979 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 16 years 04 months 7/10/1958 Manitoba Local Female 10/99/1974 Minnesota Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 14 years 03 months 4/27/1959 Missouri After Hatching Year Male 9/11/1972 Kansas Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 8 years 04 months 7/30/1970 Minnesota Local Female 10/9/1978 Minnesota Shot. Dead/Removed Blue-winged Teal 7 years 04 months 8/10/1973 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Male 10/4/1979 Cuba Shot. Dead/Unknown Cinnamon Teal 10 years 06 months 7/20/2001 California After Hatching Year Female 12/20/2010 California Shot. Dead/Removed Northern Shoveler 16 years 07 months 10/8/1952 Nevada Hatching Year Male 01/99/1969 California Shot. Dead/Removed White-cheeked Pintail 6 years 03 months 6/6/1996 Puerto Rico Hatching Year Female 94/99/2002 Puerto Rico Shot. Dead/Removed Northern Pintail 22 years 03 months 8/2/1972 Saskatchewan Hatching Year Male 94/99/1994 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Unknown Northern Pintail 21 years 04 months 8/25/1960 California After Hatching Year Male 10/22/1980 Idaho Shot. Dead/Removed Northern Pintail 20 years 06 months 11/28/1940 California Unknown Male 12/99/1960 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Northern Pintail 20 years 06 months 8/15/1959 California After Hatching Year Male 12/31/1978 California Shot. Dead/Removed Northern Pintail 19 years 03 months 7/9/1952 Alberta After Hatching Year Male 94/99/1970 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Northern Pintail 14 years 02 months 8/17/1964 Manitoba After Hatching Year Male 08/99/1977 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Green-winged Teal 20 years 03 months 3/15/1941 Oklahoma After Hatching Year Female 94/99/1960 Missouri Shot. Dead/Unknown Canvasback 22 years 07 months 3/1/1969 California After Hatching Year Male 1/5/1991 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Canvasback 22 years 05 months 2/13/1964 New York Second Year Male 11/2/1985 Ohio Shot. Dead/Removed Canvasback 18 years 06 months 2/1/1970 California After Hatching Year Male 12/5/1987 California Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Canvasback 17 years 07 months 7/18/1967 North Dakota Local Male 1/29/1985 New Jersey Found dead. Dead/Removed Canvasback 17 years 01 months 1/18/1957 New York Unknown Male 2/23/1974 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Canvasback 15 years 09 months 3/15/1963 Maryland Unknown Male 12/28/1978 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Canvasback 14 years 08 months 1/12/1959 California After Hatching Year Male 2/28/1973 Mexico Shot. Alive - In Captivity/Removed Redhead 20 years 07 months 9/14/1976 Minnesota Hatching Year Male 1/4/1997 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Redhead 16 years 11 months 3/21/1956 New York Unknown Male 2/14/1973 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ring-necked Duck 20 years 05 months 11/20/1964 Louisiana After Hatching Year Male 11/16/1983 Minnesota Shot. Dead/Removed Greater Scaup 20 years 05 months 1/9/1988 New York After Hatching Year Male 11/23/2007 Michigan Shot. Dead/Removed Greater Scaup 17 years 07 months 7/30/1953 Alaska Local Male 1/3/1971 New York Shot. Dead/Removed Greater Scaup 15 years 07 months 1/13/1962 New York Second Year Male 1/1/1977 New York Shot. Dead/Unknown Lesser Scaup 17 years 07 months 3/10/1956 Maryland Unknown Male 10/3/1973 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Steller's Eider 23 years 00 months 9/12/1975 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 06/99/1997 Russia Shot. Dead/Unknown Steller's Eider 14 years 03 months 9/13/1968 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 9/12/1981 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Steller's Eider 12 years 03 months 9/5/1961 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 09/99/1972 Russia Shot. Dead/Removed Spectacled Eider 18 years 00 months 8/2/1992 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 6/18/2009 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Spectacled Eider 12 years 11 months 7/30/1994 Alaska After Second Year Female 5/6/2005 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Spectacled Eider 7 years 00 months 6/28/1998 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 6/3/2004 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Spectacled Eider 6 years 00 months 8/14/1995 Alaska Local Female 6/1/2001 Russia Shot. Dead/Unknown King Eider 18 years 11 months 6/29/1940 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 5/22/1958 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 22 years 07 months 6/10/1983 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Male 1/3/2005 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 22 years 03 months 8/25/1973 Maine Local Female 10/27/1995 Maine Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 21 years 04 months 6/2/1967 Quebec After Hatching Year Female 10/17/1987 Quebec Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 16 years 00 months 6/27/1969 Quebec After Hatching Year Female 6/5/1984 Quebec Caught at, on or in nest by predator. Dead/Removed Common Eider 14 years 10 months 3/1/1967 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Female 4/10/1981 Quebec Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 13 years 06 months 6/27/1967 Quebec After Hatching Year Female 12/22/1979 Maine Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 12 years 04 months 3/1/1967 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Female 10/21/1978 Maine Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 12 years 04 months 5/23/1966 Quebec After Hatching Year Female 10/6/1977 Quebec Shot. Dead/Removed Common Eider 11 years 00 months 7/1/1961 Quebec After Hatching Year Female 6/29/1971 Quebec Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Harlequin Duck 20 years 9 months 5/7/1995 Alberta After Second Year Male 3/14/2014 British Columbia Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Harlequin Duck 18 years 10 months 8/16/1996 British Columbia Third Year Male 4/1/2013 British Columbia Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Harlequin Duck 18 years 03 months 8/23/1997 British Columbia After Third Year Male 9/8/2012 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Harlequin Duck 14 years 07 months 7/26/1994 British Columbia After Third Year Male 1/18/2006 Washington Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Harlequin Duck 11 years 02 months 8/13/1996 Alaska Third Year Male 8/13/2005 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Harlequin Duck 10 years 06 months 8/1/1994 Washington After Hatching Year Male 12/18/2003 Washington Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Harlequin Duck 10 years 06 months 7/26/1994 British Columbia After Third Year Male 12/11/2001 Washington Shot. Dead/Unknown Harlequin Duck 8 years 05 months 8/28/1995 Alaska After Third Year Female 11/14/2000 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Harlequin Duck 8 years 02 months 7/31/1993 British Columbia After Third Year Male 8/17/1998 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Harlequin Duck 5 years 09 months 7/31/1993 British Columbia After Third Year Male 3/31/1996 Washington Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Harlequin Duck 4 years 06 months 8/1/1994 Washington After Hatching Year Male 12/6/1997 Washington Shot. Dead/Removed Harlequin Duck 4 years 02 months 5/10/1994 Oregon After Hatching Year Female 8/7/1997 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Surf Scoter 11 years 07 months 8/16/2004 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Male 1/1/2015 Maryland Shot. Dead/Removed Surf Scoter 11 years 06 months 8/16/2004 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Male 12/31/2014 North Carolina Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Surf Scoter 10 years 04 months 8/16/2004 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Male 10/8/2013 Nova Scotia Shot. Dead/Removed Surf Scoter 9 years 06 months 3/17/2004 British Columbia After Third Year Male 12/10/2010 Washington Shot. Dead/Removed Surf Scoter 9 years 05 months 12/1/2003 Washington After Third Year Male 11/15/2009 Washington Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Surf Scoter 7 years 11 months 12/22/1993 Washington After Hatching Year Female 05/99/2000 Northwest Territories Shot. Dead/Removed White-winged Scoter 18 years 01 months 7/12/1969 Saskatchewan After Second Year Female 7/1/1985 Saskatchewan Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-winged Scoter 15 years 07 months 7/16/1967 Saskatchewan After Second Year Female 1/22/1981 British Columbia Found dead. Dead/Unknown White-winged Scoter 11 years 08 months 8/2/1961 Saskatchewan Local Female 02/99/1973 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown Black Scoter 10 years 06 months 3/9/2005 Alaska Second Year Male 12/25/2014 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Black Scoter 10 years 04 months 2/19/2003 Alaska After Second Year Female 10/29/2011 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Black Scoter 7 years 06 months 2/17/2001 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 12/13/2007 Alaska Shot. Dead/Unknown Black Scoter 7 years 05 months 3/3/2004 Alaska After Third Year Male 11/16/2008 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Black Scoter 5 years 06 months 3/7/2004 Alaska After Second Year Male 12/1/2007 Alaska Shot. Dead/Unknown Long-tailed Duck 17 years 01 months 6/29/1998 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 7/13/2014 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Long-tailed Duck 15 years 07 months 7/24/1973 Nunavut After Hatching Year Female 1/17/1988 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Long-tailed Duck 12 years 00 months 8/8/1964 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 6/8/1975 Russia Shot. Dead/Removed Bufflehead 18 years 08 months 2/13/1975 New York Second Year Male 2/2/1993 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Bufflehead 14 years 07 months 3/10/1977 Maryland Second Year Male 1/4/1991 Maryland Shot. Dead/Removed Bufflehead 12 years 06 months 2/5/1958 New York Second Year Male 12/27/1969 New Jersey Shot. Dead/Unknown Bufflehead 12 years 06 months 3/18/1956 Maryland Second Year Male 12/9/1967 Maryland Shot. Dead/Unknown Common Goldeneye 20 years 05 months 7/9/1992 Minnesota Local Male 11/30/2012 Minnesota Shot. Dead/Removed Common Goldeneye 18 years 05 months 7/12/1984 Minnesota Local Male 11/2/2002 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Common Goldeneye 15 years 05 months 6/2/1977 Ontario After Second Year Female 11/10/1990 Ontario Shot. Dead/Unknown Common Goldeneye 14 years 03 months 7/21/1942 Saskatchewan Juvenile Unknown 94/99/1956 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Unknown Barrow's Goldeneye 15 years 04 months 7/23/1965 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 10/7/1979 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Hooded Merganser 14 years 06 months 8/14/1995 Minnesota Local Male 12/99/2009 Mississippi Shot. Dead/Removed Hooded Merganser 11 years 03 months 9/19/1966 Nova Scotia Hatching Year Female 94/99/1977 Nova Scotia Shot. Dead/Removed Hooded Merganser 10 years 05 months 6/16/1964 Oregon After Hatching Year Female 11/10/1973 California Shot. Dead/Removed Common Merganser 13 years 05 months 12/13/1938 Oklahoma After Hatching Year Female 11/8/1950 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed Red-breasted Merganser 9 years 06 months 2/1/2007 Alaska After Second Year Female 12/4/2014 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Ruddy Duck 13 years 07 months 7/25/1951 British Columbia After Hatching Year Male 01/99/1964 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Unknown Micronesian Megapode 4 years 02 months 7/1/2011 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 8/12/2014 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 25 years 00 months 7/10/1991 Wisconsin After Third Year Male 6/24/2013 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 24 years 01 months 7/31/1987 Michigan Local Male, sexed upon recapture 7/15/2011 Michigan Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 21 years 02 months 7/22/1989 Michigan After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 8/22/2009 Michigan Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 21 years 01 months 7/10/1991 Wisconsin After Third Year Male 7/22/2009 Wisconsin Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 19 years 01 months 7/31/1987 Michigan Local Male, sexed upon recapture 7/28/2006 Michigan Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Common Loon 17 years 03 months 8/7/1992 Ontario After Third Year Male 9/13/2006 Ontario Caught or found dead due to: weather conditions. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 17 years 00 months 7/7/1992 Michigan After Third Year Female 6/15/2006 Michigan Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Common Loon 17 years 00 months 7/17/1990 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 6/5/2006 Minnesota Miscellaneous. Method of recovery not covered by other codes. Dead/Left On Bird Common Loon 16 years 04 months 7/12/1992 Wisconsin After Third Year Male 10/27/2005 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Unknown Common Loon 16 years 01 months 7/13/1993 Michigan After Third Year Male 7/31/2006 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Common Loon 15 years 00 months 7/10/1991 Wisconsin After Third Year Male 6/12/2003 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Common Loon 14 years 01 months 11/16/1987 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 7/11/2000 New Hampshire Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Loon 14 years 00 months 8/2/1992 Minnesota After Third Year Male 6/18/2003 Minnesota Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Common Loon 12 years 11 months 8/11/1986 Minnesota Local Unknown 5/22/1999 Minnesota Found dead. Dead/Removed Common Loon 12 years 02 months 8/7/1985 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 8/2/1996 Minnesota Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Common Loon 9 years 02 months 8/11/1982 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 8/13/1990 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-billed Loon 10 years 01 months 9/18/1998 Alaska After Second Year Unknown 7/20/2006 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Pied-billed Grebe 04 years 07 months 5/3/2007 California After Hatching Year Unknown 1/1/2011 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Horned Grebe 5 years 11 months 6/5/2002 Northwest Territories After Hatching Year Unknown 5/29/2007 Northwest Territories Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Horned Grebe 5 years 02 months 8/10/1957 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 8/21/1961 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Red-necked Grebe 11 years 00 months 4/18/1998 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 6/10/2008 Minnesota Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-necked Grebe 4 years 10 months 4/27/1937 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 04/99/1941 Michigan Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Unknown Eared Grebe 8 years 07 months 9/11/1990 California After Hatching Year Unknown 1/22/1998 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Eared Grebe 6 years 09 months 8/1/1986 California After Hatching Year Unknown 3/3/1992 California Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Removed Western Grebe 11 years 00 months 5/20/1991 Minnesota After Hatching Year Female 6/99/2001 Minnesota Found dead. Dead/Removed Western Grebe 9 years 00 months 6/15/1974 Manitoba After Hatching Year Female 6/6/1982 Manitoba Died in nest. Dead/Left On Bird Western Grebe 6 years 07 months 7/11/1978 Manitoba After Hatching Year Male 1/9/1984 California Found dead. Dead/Removed American Flamingo 13 years 02 months 7/28/1968 Bahama Islands Local Unknown 8/22/1981 Dominican Republic and Haiti Shot. Dead/Removed Black-browed Albatross 34 years 00 months 2/13/1962 Antarctica Local Unknown 2/3/2006 Antarctica Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Black-browed Albatross 32 years 05 months 2/7/1961 Antarctica After Hatching Year Unknown 11/16/1992 Africa Caught by hand. Dead/Unknown Black-browed Albatross 28 years 11 months 2/28/1962 Antarctica After Hatching Year Unknown 5/30/1990 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Unknown Black-browed Albatross 24 years 07 months 2/15/1963 Argentina Local Unknown 09/43/1987 Argentina Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-browed Albatross 17 years 07 months 2/26/1962 Argentina Local Unknown 09/99/1979 Argentina Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-browed Albatross 11 years 04 months 4/18/1966 Argentina Local Unknown 8/7/1977 Brazil Found dead. Dead/Removed Gray-headed Albatross 47 years 02 months 4/7/1963 Antarctica Local Unknown 6/7/2010 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Gray-headed Albatross 44 years 04 months 2/26/1961 Antarctica Local Unknown 6/16/2005 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Southern Giant Petrel 29 years 11 months 2/20/1965 Antarctica Local Unknown 1/6/1995 Antarctica Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Wandering Albatross 35 years 07 months 8/20/1959 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 1/24/1994 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Unknown Wandering Albatross 30 years 02 months 2/26/1962 Antarctica After Hatching Year Unknown 8/1/1991 At Sea (oceans) Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Removed Wandering Albatross 29 years 10 months 3/9/1961 Antarctica After Hatching Year Unknown 4/2/1990 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Removed Laysan Albatross 63 years 11 months 12/10/1956 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 1/99/2015 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Laysan Albatross 63 years 00 months 12/10/1956 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/4/2014 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Laysan Albatross 62 years 00 months 12/10/1956 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/3/2013 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Laysan Albatross 60 years 00 months 12/10/1956 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/18/2011 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Laysan Albatross 51 years 00 months 12/10/1956 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/6/2002 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Laysan Albatross 42 years 09 months 6/21/1944 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 11/28/1986 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-footed Albatross 42 years 01 months 3/3/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male, sexed upon recapture 7/20/2006 At Sea (oceans) Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-footed Albatross 37 years 06 months 6/4/1957 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 12/7/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black-footed Albatross 37 years 05 months 6/3/1957 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 11/18/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black-footed Albatross 37 years 05 months 6/4/1957 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 11/18/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black-footed Albatross 36 years 08 months 1/8/1957 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/20/1993 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black-footed Albatross 32 years 06 months 1/6/1961 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 12/7/1992 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-footed Albatross 30 years 06 months 2/24/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 12/11/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-footed Albatross 27 years 08 months 2/13/1952 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/22/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black-footed Albatross 27 years 05 months 6/12/1945 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 11/25/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-footed Albatross 26 years 09 months 06/99/1946 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/12/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Unknown Black-footed Albatross 18 years 08 months 9/5/1945 At Sea (oceans) Unknown Unknown 2/27/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Black-footed Albatross 16 years 02 months 3/7/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 8/25/1978 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-footed Albatross 12 years 05 months 3/3/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 8/22/1978 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Waved Albatross 14 years 11 months 6/29/1994 Ecuador After Third Year Unknown 5/30/2006 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Removed Waved Albatross 14 years 04 months 7/5/1994 Ecuador After Third Year Unknown 10/99/2005 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Waved Albatross 14 years 03 months 6/12/1994 Ecuador After Third Year Unknown 09/99/2005 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Short-tailed Albatross 17 years 07 months 3/10/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 10/26/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Northern Fulmar 19 years 01 months 7/5/1975 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 7/21/1993 Nunavut Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Fulmar 6 years 07 months 03/99/1953 At Sea (oceans) Unknown Unknown 10/8/1959 Greenland Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Unknown Phoenix Petrel 11 years 04 months 3/23/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 10/3/1974 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaiian Petrel 13 years 01 months 8/5/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 7/14/1992 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaiian Petrel 11 years 01 months 7/23/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 7/24/1990 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Bonin Petrel 30 years 09 months 3/10/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/23/2011 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bonin Petrel 22 years 10 months 11/15/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 4/6/2005 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Bonin Petrel 20 years 11 months 2/18/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 5/21/1999 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Bonin Petrel 18 years 08 months 2/17/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/6/1997 At Sea (oceans) Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bonin Petrel 17 years 07 months 2/17/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 1/30/1996 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bonin Petrel 15 years 08 months 2/17/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/14/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bonin Petrel 10 years 09 months 2/23/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Unknown 3/25/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught due to striking: radio, TV, high tension, etc. wires or towers, or ceilometers. Dead/Removed Bonin Petrel 10 years 08 months 11/21/1956 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 02/99/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Bulwer's Petrel 22 years 11 months 8/29/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Female, sexed upon recapture 5/26/1992 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bulwer's Petrel 22 years 00 months 5/31/1958 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 6/20/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Bulwer's Petrel 8 years 10 months 5/24/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 4/17/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Shearwater 7 years 01 months 7/18/1972 New Brunswick Unknown Unknown 7/9/1979 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Great Shearwater 5 years 02 months 7/22/1965 New Brunswick After Hatching Year Unknown 8/5/1969 At Sea (oceans) Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Removed Wedge-tailed Shearwater 26 years 03 months 4/15/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 9/17/1989 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Wedge-tailed Shearwater 15 years 11 months 7/28/1968 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Unknown 5/12/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Wedge-tailed Shearwater 14 years 00 months 4/23/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Unknown 6/22/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wedge-tailed Shearwater 13 years 00 months 7/28/1968 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Unknown 6/13/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Christmas Shearwater 22 years 09 months 5/23/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/20/2003 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Manx Shearwater 4 years 10 months 7/5/1977 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 4/12/1981 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Manx Shearwater 4 years 10 months 6/18/1977 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 4/12/1981 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Newell's Shearwater 12 years 00 months 6/23/1998 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/1/2009 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Newell's Shearwater 7 years 00 months 6/23/1998 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/10/2004 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Newell's Shearwater 5 years 01 months 9/27/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 7/11/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Audubon's Shearwater 11 years 00 months 3/12/2001 Bahama Islands After Hatching Year Female 6/30/2011 Bahama Islands Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel 25 years 01 months 9/1/1988 Alaska Local Unknown 7/31/2013 Alaska Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel 16 years 01 months 6/28/1977 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 7/1/1992 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel 8 years 00 months 5/24/1976 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 6/24/1983 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel 6 years 00 months 6/23/1974 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 6/26/1979 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Leach's Storm-Petrel 26 years 00 months 7/7/1956 New Brunswick After Hatching Year Unknown 6/25/1981 New Brunswick Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ashy Storm-Petrel 30 years 00 months 5/29/1973 California After Hatching Year Unknown 6/12/2002 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ashy Storm-Petrel 8 years 00 months 6/13/1964 California After Hatching Year Unknown 6/27/1971 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Tristram's Storm-Petrel 13 years 08 months 11/16/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Unknown 2/22/1991 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Tristram's Storm-Petrel 9 years 09 months 2/27/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/14/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Tristram's Storm-Petrel 8 years 09 months 3/21/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/14/1973 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Tristram's Storm-Petrel 7 years 10 months 2/26/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 4/15/1970 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Tristram's Storm-Petrel 6 years 08 months 2/27/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/11/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-billed Tropicbird 17 years 07 months 2/18/1980 Lesser Antilles After Third Year Unknown 1/25/1995 Lesser Antilles Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-billed Tropicbird 15 years 09 months 3/15/1979 Lesser Antilles After Second Year Unknown 3/6/1993 Lesser Antilles Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-billed Tropicbird 12 years 09 months 2/18/1977 Lesser Antilles After Second Year Unknown 3/22/1988 Lesser Antilles Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-billed Tropicbird 5 years 03 months 12/8/1976 Lesser Antilles After Hatching Year Unknown 9/21/1980 Lesser Antilles Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-tailed Tropicbird 32 years 08 months 9/26/1968 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 02/99/2001 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Tropicbird 28 years 07 months 7/18/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 1/27/1996 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Tropicbird 25 years 10 months 9/8/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Unknown 4/9/1992 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Tropicbird 22 years 09 months 7/23/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/30/1986 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Tropicbird 21 years 09 months 10/9/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 3/30/1986 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Tropicbird 18 years 01 months 6/26/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 7/4/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-tailed Tropicbird 13 years 09 months 2/13/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/5/1978 At Sea (oceans) Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Unknown Red-tailed Tropicbird 13 years 01 months 9/5/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 7/27/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Removed Wood Stork 20 years 02 months 6/3/1994 Georgia Local Unknown 8/6/2014 South Carolina Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wood Stork 17 years 09 months 6/3/1994 Georgia Local Unknown 3/4/2012 Florida Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wood Stork 17 years 08 months 7/16/1985 Georgia After Third Year Unknown 2/25/2000 Florida Caught or found dead due to: starvation Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wood Stork 16 years 08 months 6/1/1979 Florida Local Unknown 02/99/1996 Florida Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Wood Stork 6 years 08 months 4/18/1974 Florida Local Unknown 12/99/1980 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Magnificent Frigatebird 19 years 09 months 5/21/1989 Lesser Antilles Local Unknown 2/17/2009 Lesser Antilles Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Magnificent Frigatebird 13 years 08 months 4/26/1989 Lesser Antilles Local Unknown 12/31/2002 Lesser Antilles Found dead. Dead/Removed Magnificent Frigatebird 6 years 02 months 11/9/1972 Lesser Antilles Hatching Year Female 8/2/1978 Lesser Antilles Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Magnificent Frigatebird 5 years 10 months 4/13/1967 Mexico Local Unknown 2/18/1973 Mexico Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Removed Great Frigatebird 43 years 00 months 6/13/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 6/12/2006 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Frigatebird 38 years 02 months 11/11/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 8/20/2002 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 36 years 07 months 6/13/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 1/28/2000 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 35 years 00 months 6/13/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 6/25/1998 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 34 years 08 months 8/24/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 2/25/2000 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 33 years 09 months 8/13/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 3/2/1999 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 33 years 07 months 6/13/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 1/26/1997 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 33 years 00 months 6/18/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 6/4/1998 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Great Frigatebird 31 years 10 months 8/14/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 4/8/1997 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Frigatebird 30 years 10 months 6/16/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 4/4/1996 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Frigatebird 20 years 05 months 6/23/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 11/4/1985 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 27 years 07 months 11/4/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 1/5/1992 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Lesser Frigatebird 24 years 08 months 10/19/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 2/15/1989 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird Lesser Frigatebird 24 years 06 months 11/10/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 12/10/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Dead/Unknown Lesser Frigatebird 23 years 09 months 11/10/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 3/15/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 23 years 05 months 10/12/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 11/25/1987 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 21 years 07 months 10/19/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 1/18/1985 At Sea (oceans) Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Unknown/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 20 years 01 months 11/17/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 7/15/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 18 years 03 months 10/12/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 9/2/1982 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lesser Frigatebird 17 years 08 months 10/13/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 02/99/1982 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Unknown/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 17 years 00 months 11/12/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 6/10/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Unknown Lesser Frigatebird 15 years 09 months 10/10/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 3/2/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Dead/Unknown Lesser Frigatebird 13 years 08 months 10/10/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 2/6/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Alive - In Captivity/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 13 years 00 months 11/11/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 6/23/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Dead/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 11 years 08 months 10/13/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 02/99/1976 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Lesser Frigatebird 11 years 08 months 10/12/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 2/17/1976 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Masked Booby 25 years 03 months 9/11/1941 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Juvenile Unknown 9/19/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Miscellaneous. Method of recovery not covered by other codes. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Masked Booby 22 years 02 months 3/22/1957 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 5/23/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Brown Booby 26 years 00 months 10/10/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 82/99/1989 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Shot. Dead/Removed Brown Booby 24 years 00 months 6/19/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/7/1986 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Booby 23 years 07 months 2/24/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 1/1/1987 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown Booby 21 years 04 months 8/6/1962 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 10/11/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Booby 19 years 08 months 7/25/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 2/9/1982 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Booby 19 years 01 months 5/14/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 7/15/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Booby 18 years 09 months 4/29/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/29/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Booby 14 years 04 months 10/27/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 10/29/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Dead/Removed Brown Booby 12 years 10 months 7/5/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 4/20/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Booby 11 years 09 months 4/11/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Third Year Male 3/22/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Shot. Dead/Removed Brown Booby 11 years 09 months 5/10/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 3/21/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown Booby 10 years 07 months 10/16/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 1/26/1974 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by hand. Alive - In Captivity/Removed Red-footed Booby 22 years 11 months 8/5/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 5/19/2002 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Died in nest. Dead/Removed Red-footed Booby 21 years 11 months 6/14/1947 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 5/27/1968 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Gannet 26 years 01 months 9/11/1966 Quebec Local Unknown 7/25/1992 Quebec Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Gannet 21 years 10 months 9/9/1967 Quebec Local Unknown 4/4/1989 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Northern Gannet 20 years 05 months 9/9/1967 Quebec Local Unknown 11/16/1987 Massachusetts Found dead. Dead/Unknown Northern Gannet 20 years 05 months 9/9/1967 Quebec Local Unknown 11/14/1987 Massachusetts Found dead. Dead/Unknown Northern Gannet 12 years 02 months 9/11/1966 Quebec Local Unknown 8/30/1978 New Brunswick Found dead. Dead/Removed Brandt's Cormorant 17 years 10 months 7/20/1980 California Local Unknown 4/11/1998 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Brandt's Cormorant 16 years 11 months 7/16/1974 California Local Unknown 5/26/1991 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Brandt's Cormorant 9 years 05 months 8/9/1970 California Local Unknown 11/27/1979 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Brandt's Cormorant 7 years 00 months 8/16/1961 California Local Unknown 82/99/1968 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Neotropic Cormorant 11 years 09 months 4/27/1965 Louisiana Unknown Unknown 1/5/1977 Louisiana Found dead. Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 22 years 06 months 6/26/1984 Ontario Local Unknown 12/24/2006 Louisiana Found dead. Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 19 years 11 months 6/23/1989 Ontario Local Unknown 5/29/2009 Ontario Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 19 years 06 months 6/22/1986 Michigan Local Unknown 12/5/2005 Mississippi Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 18 years 11 months 6/22/1986 Michigan Local Unknown 5/6/2005 Michigan Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 18 years 05 months 8/15/1983 Wisconsin Local Unknown 11/12/2001 Mississippi Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Unknown Double-crested Cormorant 17 years 11 months 6/21/1984 Ontario Local Unknown 05/99/2002 Minnesota Found dead. Dead/Unknown Double-crested Cormorant 17 years 10 months 7/5/1984 Ontario Local Unknown 4/2/2002 Arkansas Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 17 years 09 months 7/1/1966 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 3/30/1984 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Double-crested Cormorant 17 years 08 months 6/30/1941 Quebec Local Unknown 02/99/1959 Florida Found dead. Dead/Unknown Double-crested Cormorant 12 years 06 months 6/26/1965 Maine Local Unknown 12/26/1977 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-faced Cormorant 5 years 03 months 8/3/2009 Alaska Local Unknown 9/3/2014 Alaska Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pelagic Cormorant 17 years 10 months 7/29/1956 British Columbia Local Unknown 4/29/1974 British Columbia Found dead. Dead/Removed Anhinga 12 years 00 months 5/24/1936 Mississippi Unknown Unknown 5/20/1948 Louisiana Shot. Dead/Unknown Anhinga 11 years 10 months 6/15/1947 Mississippi Unknown Unknown 4/20/1959 Mexico Found dead. Dead/Unknown American White Pelican 23 years 6 months 8/3/1983 North Dakota Local Unknown 12/99/2006 North Dakota Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Brown Pelican 27 years 10 months 6/17/1972 South Carolina Local Unknown 4/5/2000 Florida Caught due to: parasite infestation Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Pelican 21 years 08 months 5/25/1974 South Carolina Local Unknown 1/29/1996 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown Pelican 20 years 09 months 6/23/1968 South Carolina Local Unknown 3/1/1989 Georgia Caught by hand. Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird Brown Pelican 19 years 09 months 7/6/1969 South Carolina Local Unknown 3/29/1989 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown Pelican 19 years 08 months 6/23/1951 Florida Local Unknown 2/11/1971 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown Pelican 19 years 02 months 11/4/1934 Florida Hatching Year Unknown 8/2/1953 Cuba Found dead. Dead/Unknown Brown Pelican 17 years 07 months 6/8/1963 South Carolina Local Unknown 1/14/1981 Georgia Found dead. Dead/Removed American Bittern 8 years 04 months 4/28/1940 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 10/41/1947 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Unknown Great Blue Heron 24 years 06 months 6/8/1977 Texas Local Unknown 12/15/2001 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Blue Heron 23 years 03 months 6/21/1947 Ontario Juvenile Unknown 9/11/1970 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Egret 22 years 10 months 6/29/1947 Ohio Local Unknown 4/25/1970 Ohio Illegally taken Dead/Left On Bird Snowy Egret 17 years 07 months 7/2/1970 Colorado Local Unknown 1/7/1988 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Snowy Egret 16 years 11 months 7/4/1968 Colorado Local Unknown 5/23/1985 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Snowy Egret 11 years 03 months 6/15/1952 Utah Local Unknown 9/20/1963 Utah Found dead. Dead/Unknown Little Blue Heron 13 years 11 months 6/16/1957 Virginia Local Unknown 05/42/1971 Maryland Found dead. Dead/Removed Tricolored Heron 17 years 08 months 6/6/1958 Virginia Local Unknown 2/12/1976 Bahama Islands Shot. Dead/Removed Cattle Egret 17 years 00 months 7/1/1962 Maryland Local Unknown 6/22/1979 Pennsylvania Caught by or due to: miscellaneous animal. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cattle Egret 13 years 00 months 6/21/1964 South Carolina Local Unknown 6/9/1977 South Carolina Caught due to striking or being struck by: moving farm machinery. Dead/Removed Green Heron 7 years 11 months 6/2/1971 Oklahoma Local Unknown 5/15/1979 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Black-crowned Night-Heron 21 years 5 months 10/15/1992 California After Hatching Year Unknown 11/14/2012 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-crowned Night-Heron 21 years 01 months 6/6/1952 Ohio Local Female, sexed upon recapture 7/9/1973 Ohio Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Unknown Black-crowned Night-Heron 17 years 08 months 7/2/1960 Maryland Local Unknown 2/26/1978 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-crowned Night-Heron 12 years 11 months 6/18/1965 Minnesota Local Unknown 5/23/1978 South Dakota Found dead. Dead/Removed Yellow-crowned Night-Heron 6 years 03 months 7/20/1974 Mexico Local Unknown 9/9/1980 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed White Ibis 16 years 04 months 6/14/1956 Alabama Local Unknown 10/3/1972 Florida Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Removed Glossy Ibis 21 years 00 months 6/12/1971 Virginia Local Unknown 6/3/1992 Virginia Found dead. Dead/Removed Glossy Ibis 14 years 05 months 5/22/1965 South Carolina Local Unknown 10/9/1979 Cuba Shot. Dead/Unknown Glossy Ibis 11 years 05 months 6/2/1966 Maryland Local Unknown 11/6/1977 Dominican Republic and Haiti Shot. Dead/Unknown Glossy Ibis 8 years 11 months 5/30/1970 Virginia Local Unknown 4/14/1979 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught due to striking: radio, TV, high tension, etc. wires or towers, or ceilometers. Dead/Removed Glossy Ibis 8 years 03 months 6/5/1965 South Carolina Local Unknown 93/99/1973 Dominican Republic and Haiti Shot. Dead/Removed White-faced Ibis 12 years 03 months 7/9/1982 Oregon Local Unknown 9/10/1994 California Caught due to disease. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Roseate Spoonbill 15 years 10 months 12/30/1990 Florida Local Unknown 4/4/2006 Florida Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Roseate Spoonbill 7 years 10 months 5/27/1962 Texas Local Unknown 3/1/1970 Mexico Found dead. Dead/Unknown Black Vulture 25 years 06 months 11/2/1940 Louisiana Unknown Unknown 12/99/1965 Louisiana Found dead. Dead/Removed Turkey Vulture 16 years 10 months 4/9/1937 Ohio After Hatching Year Unknown 4/8/1953 Ohio Found dead. Dead/Unknown Osprey 25 years 02 months 6/7/1973 Virginia Local Unknown 8/3/1998 Virginia Found dead. Dead/Removed Osprey 23 years 00 months 6/28/1963 Maryland Local Unknown 6/18/1986 Maryland Caught by hand. Dead/Removed Osprey 21 years 11 months 6/17/1957 Maryland Local Unknown 5/11/1979 Maryland Found dead. Dead/Removed Osprey 21 years 11 months 7/5/1948 New York Local Unknown 5/1/1970 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Osprey 18 years 10 months 6/22/1956 Maryland Hatching Year Unknown 4/5/1975 Maryland Shot. Dead/Removed Osprey 18 years 08 months 6/21/1980 Maryland Local Unknown 2/20/1999 Brazil Shot. Dead/Unknown Osprey 16 years 03 months 8/5/1962 Michigan Local Unknown 9/2/1978 Tennessee Found dead. Dead/Removed Osprey 13 years 10 months 6/25/1964 Maryland Local Unknown 04/41/1978 At Sea (oceans) Caught by hand. Dead/Left On Bird Osprey 12 years 10 months 6/21/1963 Maryland Local Unknown 04/41/1976 Virginia Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Dead/Removed White-tailed Kite 6 years 00 months 5/4/1944 California Local Unknown 5/28/1950 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Snail Kite 14 years 08 months 7/3/1979 Florida Local Unknown 2/14/1994 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Snail Kite 12 years 10 months 3/21/1979 Florida Local Unknown 1/5/1992 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Snail Kite 7 years 00 months 6/18/1979 Florida Local Unknown 6/14/1986 Florida Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mississippi Kite 11 years 02 months 8/2/1984 Kansas Local Unknown 8/11/1995 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Mississippi Kite 8 years 02 months 8/1/1979 Louisiana Hatching Year Unknown 8/18/1987 Louisiana Caught due to: pesticides. Birds reported killed or captured as a result of spray programs. Does not include avicides. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mississippi Kite 7 years 02 months 7/29/1978 Oklahoma Local Unknown 8/23/1985 Oklahoma Found dead. Dead/Removed Bald Eagle 38 years 00 months 8/5/1977 New York Hatching Year Unknown 11/26/2014 New York Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Bald Eagle 33 years 05 months 6/9/1981 Wisconsin Local Unknown 11/26/2014 Wisconsin Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Left On Bird Bald Eagle 32 years 10 months 6/23/1977 Maine Hatching Year Unknown 4/5/2010 New Brunswick Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Bald Eagle 31 years 04 months 6/22/1977 Michigan Local Unknown 10/2/2008 Wisconsin Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bald Eagle 30 years 11 months 6/25/1977 Michigan Local Unknown 5/16/2008 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Unknown Bald Eagle 29 years 09 months 7/12/1975 Ontario Local Unknown 3/24/2005 Iowa Found dead. Dead/Removed Bald Eagle 29 years 08 months 5/28/1970 Michigan Local Unknown 1/24/2000 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Unknown Bald Eagle 23 years 06 months 5/30/1976 Wisconsin Local Unknown 11/22/1999 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Bald Eagle 22 years 09 months 6/10/1975 Wisconsin After Second Year Unknown 3/13/1998 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Removed Bald Eagle 21 years 11 months 93/99/1965 Alaska After Third Year Male, sexed upon recapture 5/16/1984 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bald Eagle 10 years 05 months 6/3/1970 Michigan Local Unknown 11/17/1980 Michigan Shot. Dead/Removed Bald Eagle 8 years 03 months 3/11/1968 Florida Local Unknown 6/14/1976 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Harrier 15 years 04 months 10/1/1986 New Jersey Hatching Year Female 10/9/2001 Quebec Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Sharp-shinned Hawk 12 years 02 months 9/18/1999 Minnesota After Second Year Male 8/27/2009 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Sharp-shinned Hawk 11 years 06 months 5/6/1984 Michigan Second Year Female 12/4/1994 Arkansas Found dead. Dead/Removed Sharp-shinned Hawk 9 years 10 months 10/13/1972 Ontario After Hatching Year Female 4/7/1981 Alabama Found dead. Dead/Removed Sharp-shinned Hawk 9 years 04 months 9/25/1975 Ontario Hatching Year Female 10/17/1984 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Sharp-shinned Hawk 8 years 11 months 10/2/1975 Ontario After Hatching Year Female 5/6/1983 Michigan Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Unknown Sharp-shinned Hawk 7 years 11 months 9/22/1970 Ontario Hatching Year Male 5/3/1978 Ohio Found dead. Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 20 years 04 months 10/27/1986 California Hatching Year Male 10/30/2006 Washington Found dead. Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 13 years 01 months 9/30/1988 Virginia Hatching Year Male 7/11/2001 Maryland Found dead. Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 12 years 09 months 10/1/1981 Nevada After Second Year Female 3/2/1992 Mexico Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 12 years 08 months 2/9/1979 Maryland Second Year Female 2/1/1991 Maryland Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 10 years 06 months 11/9/1974 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Female 12/2/1983 Pennsylvania Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 8 years 08 months 3/18/1975 Pennsylvania After Second Year Female 2/17/1982 Ohio Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Dead/Removed Cooper's Hawk 7 years 06 months 10/29/1967 Ontario Hatching Year Female 12/21/1974 Missouri Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Goshawk 17 years 07 months 6/27/1995 Michigan Local Unknown 1/14/2013 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Goshawk 16 years 05 months 5/29/1973 New York Local Male 10/99/1989 New York Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Goshawk 16 years 04 months 10/20/1974 New Jersey Hatching Year Female 10/29/1990 Pennsylvania Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Goshawk 13 years 00 months 10/14/1972 Minnesota Second Year Female 06/43/1984 Alberta Shot. Dead/Removed Northern Goshawk 12 years 06 months 9/25/1970 Wisconsin Hatching Year Female 12/43/1982 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Goshawk 11 years 10 months 11/2/1968 Pennsylvania Hatching Year Female 4/6/1980 New York Found dead. Dead/Unknown Northern Goshawk 8 years 09 months 9/11/1970 New York After Second Year Female 3/1/1977 New York Shot. Alive - In Captivity/Removed Harris's Hawk 15 years 00 months 5/29/1986 New Mexico Local Unknown 5/29/2001 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Harris's Hawk 12 years 07 months 12/31/1973 Texas After Second Year Female 1/16/1984 Texas Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Harris's Hawk 10 years 00 months 12/4/1971 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 06/99/1980 Texas Found dead. Dead/Unknown Red-shouldered Hawk 25 years 10 months 5/12/1974 California Local Female, sexed upon recapture 4/21/2000 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-shouldered Hawk 22 years 05 months 3/4/1989 Florida After Second Year Unknown 11/17/2009 Florida Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Red-shouldered Hawk 19 years 11 months 2/25/1944 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 5/27/1963 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Broad-winged Hawk 18 years 04 months 10/31/1970 Florida After Hatching Year Male 10/14/1987 Florida Caught due to: injury Alive - Released/Left On Bird Broad-winged Hawk 16 years 01 months 5/6/1971 New York After Second Year Male 7/19/1985 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Hawk 26 years 01 months 7/6/1986 California Local Unknown 7/24/2012 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Hawk 24 years 11 months 7/6/1986 California Local Unknown 5/21/2011 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Hawk 24 years 01 months 7/4/1980 California Local Unknown 7/7/2004 California Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Hawk 19 years 07 months 7/11/1975 Colorado Local Unknown 1/23/1995 Argentina Caught or killed due to: Poisoning Dead/Removed Swainson's Hawk 18 years 03 months 7/14/1973 Colorado Local Unknown 9/1/1991 Texas Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Swainson's Hawk 15 years 11 months 7/26/1963 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 5/23/1979 Saskatchewan Found dead. Dead/Removed Swainson's Hawk 11 years 06 months 7/13/1967 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 12/18/1978 Argentina Caught by hand. Alive - In Captivity/Removed White-tailed Hawk 10 years 07 months 1/23/2003 Texas Third Year Female 1/9/2012 Texas Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird White-tailed Hawk 8 years 02 months 1/15/2006 Texas Third Year Male 8/10/2012 Texas Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Left On Bird White-tailed Hawk 6 years 06 months 1/14/2007 Texas After Third Year Female 12/17/2010 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed White-tailed Hawk 4 years 07 months 1/18/2006 Texas Second Year Male 1/16/2010 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Zone-tailed Hawk 4 years 01 months 10/2/2009 Mexico Hatching Year Unknown 7/6/2013 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Hawaiian Hawk 10 years 06 months 3/10/1998 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Second Year Female 12/20/2007 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Red-tailed Hawk 30 years 08 months 10/11/1981 Michigan After Hatching Year Unknown 2/6/2011 Michigan Caught due to: injury Dead/Left On Bird Red-tailed Hawk 29 years 09 months 11/21/1976 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 3/13/2005 New York Caught or found dead due to: starvation Dead/Left On Bird Red-tailed Hawk 28 years 11 months 5/21/1972 California After Second Year Unknown 04/99/2001 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 26 years 07 months 5/18/1973 California Local Male, sexed upon recapture 12/23/1999 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown Red-tailed Hawk 25 years 09 months 10/20/1973 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Unknown 83/99/1998 Vermont Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 23 years 05 months 10/21/1972 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Unknown 11/12/1994 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Hawk 23 years 01 months 11/21/1974 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 7/30/1996 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 22 years 08 months 12/9/1973 Virginia Hatching Year Unknown 2/29/1996 Virginia Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 22 years 07 months 10/28/1967 Virginia Hatching Year Female 1/15/1990 Virginia Caught by or due to: dog Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 21 years 11 months 11/5/1969 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Unknown 5/5/1990 Maryland Found dead. Dead/Unknown Red-tailed Hawk 21 years 07 months 4/6/1971 Wisconsin After Third Year Male 1/11/1990 Indiana Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 21 years 06 months 12/2/1963 Iowa After Hatching Year Female 12/27/1983 Iowa Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 20 years 05 months 11/4/1971 New Jersey Hatching Year Unknown 11/8/1991 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-tailed Hawk 19 years 06 months 10/28/1961 Pennsylvania Hatching Year Male 12/19/1980 Vermont Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Red-tailed Hawk 19 years 05 months 12/31/1962 Illinois After Hatching Year Female 11/23/1980 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Unknown Ferruginous Hawk 23 years 08 months 6/10/1982 Nevada Local Unknown 2/15/2006 Nevada Found dead. Dead/Removed Ferruginous Hawk 17 years 11 months 6/25/1974 Idaho Local Male 5/17/1992 Idaho Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Rough-legged Hawk 17 years 09 months 1/20/1962 Illinois After Hatching Year Female 3/5/1979 Illinois Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Rough-legged Hawk 16 years 07 months 7/31/1960 Nunavut Local Unknown 1/4/1977 Wyoming Found dead. Dead/Removed Rough-legged Hawk 13 years 06 months 1/31/1965 New York After Hatching Year Unknown 12/19/1977 New Jersey Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Rough-legged Hawk 13 years 05 months 12/31/1961 Illinois Hatching Year Female 11/99/1974 Illinois Found dead or injured on highway. Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird Golden Eagle 31 years 08 months 5/10/1980 Utah Local Unknown 1/14/2012 Utah Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Left On Bird Golden Eagle 30 years 09 months 6/3/1975 Colorado Local Unknown 3/10/2006 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Golden Eagle 28 years 03 months 6/11/1975 Montana Second Year Male 9/9/2002 Montana Found dead. Dead/Removed Golden Eagle 23 years 11 months 5/25/1979 Utah Local Unknown 4/11/2003 Utah Caught due to: injury Dead/Left On Bird Golden Eagle 22 years 00 months 6/9/1977 Wyoming After Second Year Male 6/11/1997 Montana Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Golden Eagle 20 years 05 months 5/23/1975 California Local Male, sexed upon recapture 10/23/1995 California Caught due to striking: radio, TV, high tension, etc. wires or towers, or ceilometers. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden Eagle 17 years 01 months 6/15/1968 Saskatchewan Local Male 7/15/1985 Montana Found dead. Dead/Removed Golden Eagle 10 years 10 months 5/31/1972 Idaho Local Unknown 83/99/1983 Idaho Found dead. Dead/Removed Clapper Rail 7 years 06 months 5/24/1971 New Jersey After Hatching Year Male 12/5/1977 New Jersey Shot. Dead/Removed Clapper Rail 7 years 04 months 8/11/1963 Florida Local Unknown 10/16/1970 Florida Shot. Dead/Removed Purple Gallinule 7 years 04 months 6/13/1950 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 10/4/1956 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Common Gallinule 9 years 10 months 2/26/1931 Louisiana Unknown Unknown 12/31/1940 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Hawaiian Coot 7 years 06 months 8/24/2002 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 12/9/2008 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed American Coot 22 years 04 months 7/20/1961 Alberta After Hatching Year Female 10/43/1982 Idaho Shot. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 36 years 07 months 6/29/1973 Wyoming Local Unknown 1/12/2010 New Mexico Found dead. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 29 years 03 months 7/24/1970 Idaho Local Unknown 9/9/1999 Idaho Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Sandhill Crane 23 years 03 months 7/24/1973 Idaho Local Unknown 9/1/1996 Idaho Caught due to: entanglement in anything other than fishing gear, e.g., in wire, string, vines, fence, shrubs, etc. Dead/Unknown Sandhill Crane 22 years 09 months 9/21/1973 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Female 3/24/1995 Illinois Shot. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 20 years 08 months 3/25/1968 Nebraska Unknown Unknown 11/99/1988 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 18 years 08 months 3/28/1968 Nebraska Unknown Unknown 11/29/1986 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 18 years 07 months 4/28/1969 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 1/29/1987 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Sandhill Crane 17 years 09 months 3/28/1966 Nebraska Unknown Unknown 12/30/1983 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 15 years 04 months 10/30/1961 New Mexico After Hatching Year Unknown 10/99/1975 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Removed Sandhill Crane 15 years 03 months 11/2/1964 New Mexico Hatching Year Unknown 9/14/1979 Alaska Shot. Dead/Unknown Sandhill Crane 15 years 03 months 12/13/1965 New Mexico After Hatching Year Unknown 9/11/1979 North Dakota Shot. Dead/Removed Whooping Crane 28 years 04 months 7/29/1977 Northwest Territories Local Unknown 10/18/2005 Saskatchewan Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Whooping Crane 7 years 04 months 7/30/1977 Northwest Territories Local Unknown 10/5/1984 Saskatchewan Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-necked Stilt 12 years 05 months 11/11/1984 Venezuela Hatching Year Unknown 11/14/1996 Lesser Antilles Shot. Dead/Removed Black-necked Stilt 11 years 05 months 7/15/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 11/1/2005 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-necked Stilt 5 years 02 months 3/28/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 8/21/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-necked Stilt 4 years 07 months 6/23/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 1/14/1999 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Unknown Black-necked Stilt 4 years 01 months 8/4/2000 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 7/18/2004 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird American Avocet 15 years 01 months 5/25/1993 California Local Unknown 6/24/2008 California Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed American Avocet 14 years 09 months 5/25/1992 California After Hatching Year Male 3/16/2006 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed American Avocet 14 years 01 months 5/26/1992 California Local Unknown 6/13/2006 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown American Avocet 12 years 05 months 6/6/1992 California After Hatching Year Male 11/18/2003 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird American Avocet 9 years 00 months 9/7/1977 Kansas After Hatching Year Female 6/26/1985 Saskatchewan Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed American Oystercatcher 23 years 10 months 8/1/1989 Virginia After Hatching Year Unknown 4/8/2012 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed American Oystercatcher 12 years 11 months 6/15/1962 New York Local Unknown 5/21/1975 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Oystercatcher 6 years 02 months 7/22/1971 British Columbia Local Unknown 8/14/1977 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-bellied Plover 12 years 08 months 10/10/1969 California After Hatching Year Unknown 2/17/1981 California Found dead. Dead/Removed American Golden-Plover 13 years 00 months 6/15/1993 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 6/15/2005 Alaska Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pacific Golden-Plover 21 years 04 months 4/7/1982 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Unknown 10/10/2001 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pacific Golden-Plover 8 years 06 months 4/15/1997 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 12/16/2003 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Pacific Golden-Plover 4 years 10 months 11/12/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 4/30/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Left On Bird Pacific Golden-Plover 4 years 09 months 8/24/1966 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 3/27/1970 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Snowy Plover 15 years 02 months 7/18/1979 California After Hatching Year Unknown 8/1/1993 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Unknown/Left On Bird Snowy Plover 12 years 02 months 6/22/1991 Oregon Local Male, sexed upon recapture 8/2/2003 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Snowy Plover 11 years 00 months 7/29/1970 Kansas Local Unknown 6/16/1981 Oklahoma Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wilson's Plover 6 years 00 months 3/30/2010 South Carolina After Hatching Year Male 6/10/2015 South Carolina Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wilson's Plover 5 years 08 months 9/1/1990 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 2/28/1995 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Semipalmated Plover 9 years 02 months 8/16/1974 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 8/2/1982 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Semipalmated Plover 8 years 02 months 8/20/1972 Quebec After Hatching Year Unknown 8/9/1979 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Piping Plover 13 years 08 months 6/4/2002 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Unknown 2/13/2015 Texas Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Piping Plover 11 years 11 months 5/18/1957 New York After Hatching Year Female 5/23/1968 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Killdeer 10 years 11 months 7/4/1963 Kansas Local Unknown 5/22/1974 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Killdeer 6 years 06 months 5/5/1940 California After Hatching Year Female 12/99/1945 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown Mountain Plover 10 years 00 months 7/2/2000 Montana After Hatching Year Unknown 6/8/2009 Montana Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mountain Plover 9 years 01 months 7/2/2000 Montana After Hatching Year Unknown 7/31/2008 Montana Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mountain Plover 4 years 06 months 2/13/2002 California After Hatching Year Male 12/19/2005 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown Spotted Sandpiper 12 years 00 months 6/15/1968 New York After Hatching Year Male 6/11/1979 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Spotted Sandpiper 7 years 05 months 10/24/1939 California Unknown Unknown 11/8/1946 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Willet 12 years 07 months 5/31/1999 Oregon After Hatching Year Female 1/31/2011 California Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Willet 10 years 03 months 11/5/1977 Costa Rica Unknown Unknown 9/4/1987 Honduras Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Lesser Yellowlegs 4 years 11 months 8/24/1960 Lesser Antilles Unknown Unknown 5/1/1965 South Dakota Found dead. Dead/Unknown Lesser Yellowlegs 4 years 03 months 8/5/1977 Ontario Hatching Year Unknown 9/20/1981 French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Upland Sandpiper 8 years 11 months 6/12/1981 New York Local Unknown 5/28/1990 New York Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Upland Sandpiper 5 years 02 months 5/22/1942 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Unknown 8/29/1946 Mississippi Caught due to: injury Unknown/Unknown Whimbrel 14 years 00 months 6/13/1999 Manitoba After Hatching Year Unknown 6/25/2012 Manitoba Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Whimbrel 13 years 00 months 7/8/1994 Manitoba Local Unknown 6/25/2007 Manitoba Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Whimbrel 11 years 00 months 6/21/1964 Manitoba After Hatching Year Female 6/26/1974 Manitoba Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Unknown Bristle-thighed Curlew 23 years 10 months 9/4/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Unknown Unknown 4/30/1991 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Removed Bristle-thighed Curlew 21 years 04 months 9/10/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 10/3/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bristle-thighed Curlew 11 years 09 months 9/25/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Unknown Unknown 3/16/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Hudsonian Godwit 6 years 01 months 6/29/2008 Manitoba After Hatching Year Male 07/99/2013 Ontario Shot. Dead/Removed Hudsonian Godwit 4 years 01 months 7/2/2008 Manitoba Local Unknown 7/31/2012 Manitoba Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Unknown Bar-tailed Godwit 4 years 03 months 6/21/2008 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 9/27/2011 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bar-tailed Godwit 3 years 11 months 5/31/1966 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 05/42/1969 Russia Shot. Dead/Removed Marbled Godwit 13 years 04 months 10/11/1969 California After Hatching Year Unknown 10/18/1981 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Marbled Godwit 8 years 07 months 10/10/1969 California After Hatching Year Unknown 1/15/1977 California Shot. Dead/Removed Ruddy Turnstone 14 years 11 months 5/20/1999 New Jersey After Second Year Female, sexed upon recapture 5/25/2012 New Jersey Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Ruddy Turnstone 14 years 03 months 8/5/1967 Alaska After Second Year Unknown 9/16/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Ruddy Turnstone 13 years 11 months 8/9/1967 Alaska After Second Year Unknown 5/21/1979 Asia Found dead. Dead/Removed Ruddy Turnstone 12 years 04 months 8/23/1967 Alaska Hatching Year Unknown 10/6/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Ruddy Turnstone 11 years 09 months 3/9/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/26/1976 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught due to: injury Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruddy Turnstone 10 years 11 months 8/13/1968 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 5/23/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Black Turnstone 8 years 00 months 6/2/2006 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 6/25/2013 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 15 years 11 months 5/15/1986 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 5/20/2001 Delaware Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 15 years 11 months 5/15/1986 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 5/23/2001 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 15 years 02 months 6/7/1986 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 8/31/2000 Europe Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 14 years 11 months 8/10/1984 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 5/29/1998 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 13 years 04 months 7/8/1981 Nunavut Local Unknown 10/9/1994 Europe Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 12 years 11 months 5/9/1987 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 5/25/1999 Delaware Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 12 years 11 months 5/20/1989 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 5/21/2001 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 11 years 11 months 5/15/1986 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 5/24/1997 Delaware Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red Knot 11 years 01 months 7/29/1980 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 7/18/1990 French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam Shot. Dead/Unknown Red Knot 10 years 02 months 7/17/1974 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 8/9/1983 Massachusetts Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Removed Red Knot 6 years 02 months 7/9/1955 Nunavut Local Unknown 8/22/1961 Europe Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Unknown Stilt Sandpiper 11 years 01 months 8/14/1972 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 7/25/1982 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Stilt Sandpiper 9 years 01 months 7/27/1969 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 7/28/1977 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Sanderling 13 years 01 months 8/4/1971 Nova Scotia After Hatching Year Unknown 7/24/1983 Nova Scotia Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Unknown Sanderling 5 years 04 months 11/23/1974 California After Hatching Year Unknown 10/4/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Dunlin 12 years 05 months 10/29/1971 California Hatching Year Unknown 11/28/1983 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Dunlin 9 years 04 months 10/27/1968 California Hatching Year Unknown 10/10/1977 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Dunlin 9 years 02 months 3/30/1969 California After Hatching Year Unknown 8/30/1977 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Dunlin 6 years 02 months 26314 California After Hatching Year Unknown 28342 Alaska Shot. Dead/Removed Dunlin 4 years 10 months 10/14/1936 Massachusetts Unknown Unknown 4/2/1941 Virginia Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Unknown/Unknown Rock Sandpiper 7 years 04 months 7/10/1979 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 10/15/1985 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Least Sandpiper 15 years 00 months 7/22/1970 Nova Scotia Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/8/1985 Nova Scotia Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Least Sandpiper 11 years 03 months 9/19/1968 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 9/29/1978 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Least Sandpiper 10 years 11 months 9/8/1967 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 5/8/1977 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Least Sandpiper 7 years 02 months 10/28/1964 Kansas Unknown Unknown 8/3/1971 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed White-rumped Sandpiper 7 years 00 months 8/20/1972 Quebec Second Year Unknown 6/19/1978 Nunavut Found dead. Dead/Removed White-rumped Sandpiper 6 years 02 months 5/26/1970 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 8/13/1975 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-rumped Sandpiper 5 years 00 months 6/2/1967 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 6/1/1971 Kansas Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Pectoral Sandpiper 5 years 11 months 8/9/1978 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 5/3/1983 El Salvador Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Semipalmated Sandpiper 14 years 02 months 8/1/1989 New Brunswick After Hatching Year Unknown 8/12/2002 New Brunswick Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Semipalmated Sandpiper 13 years 11 months 8/9/1975 Ontario Hatching Year Unknown 5/10/1989 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Semipalmated Sandpiper 13 years 01 months 7/21/1971 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 7/31/1983 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Semipalmated Sandpiper 12 years 02 months 7/30/1977 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 8/22/1988 Massachusetts Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Semipalmated Sandpiper 12 years 01 months 8/18/1957 Ontario Unknown Unknown 7/25/1969 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Semipalmated Sandpiper 7 years 02 months 8/9/1964 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 8/7/1970 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Semipalmated Sandpiper 4 years 11 months 5/19/1973 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 5/14/1977 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Western Sandpiper 9 years 02 months 8/15/1972 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 8/29/1980 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Western Sandpiper 7 years 02 months 7/21/1969 Kansas Unknown Unknown 8/26/1976 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Western Sandpiper 7 years 01 months 8/26/1973 Kansas Hatching Year Unknown 7/27/1980 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Western Sandpiper 6 years 02 months 9/26/1974 Kansas Hatching Year Unknown 8/21/1980 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Western Sandpiper 4 years 06 months 5/5/1942 California Unknown Unknown 11/21/1946 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Short-billed Dowitcher 13 years 11 months 5/12/2002 Delaware After Second Year Unknown 5/18/2014 Delaware Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Short-billed Dowitcher 13 years 02 months 4/16/1976 French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam After Hatching Year Unknown 8/1/1988 Lesser Antilles Shot. Dead/Removed Short-billed Dowitcher 12 years 01 months 8/11/1972 Quebec Second Year Unknown 7/14/1983 Quebec Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Short-billed Dowitcher 7 years 07 months 8/24/1972 Quebec After Hatching Year Unknown 1/29/1979 French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam Caught by hand. Unknown/Unknown Long-billed Dowitcher 8 years 04 months 9/12/1969 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 10/24/1976 Kansas Shot. Dead/Removed Wilson's Snipe 9 years 03 months 8/2/1964 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Hatching Year Unknown 9/29/1973 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Wilson's Snipe 6 years 08 months 11/28/1973 Alabama After Hatching Year Unknown 2/11/1979 Mississippi Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Unknown American Woodcock 11 years 04 months 6/30/1971 Wisconsin Hatching Year Female 10/2/1982 Wisconsin Shot. Dead/Removed American Woodcock 10 years 04 months 12/19/1951 Louisiana After Hatching Year Female 10/8/1960 Michigan Shot. Dead/Unknown American Woodcock 8 years 06 months 2/4/1941 Louisiana After Hatching Year Unknown 12/7/1948 North Carolina Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Unknown American Woodcock 7 years 04 months 8/27/1971 Maine Second Year Female 10/21/1977 Maine Shot. Dead/Removed American Woodcock 7 years 04 months 6/2/1971 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 10/20/1977 Massachusetts Shot. Dead/Removed Red-necked Phalarope 5 years 00 months 6/13/1976 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 6/12/1980 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-necked Phalarope 5 years 00 months 6/22/1976 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 6/12/1980 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-necked Phalarope 5 years 00 months 6/24/1976 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 6/12/1980 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-necked Phalarope 4 years 00 months 7/9/1976 Alaska Local Male, sexed upon recapture 6/13/1980 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red Phalarope 8 years 00 months 6/24/2006 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 6/21/2013 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red Phalarope 6 years 01 months 7/3/1994 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 7/6/1999 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed South Polar Skua 23 years 06 months 12/23/1968 Antarctica After Hatching Year Unknown 12/27/1990 Antarctica Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird South Polar Skua 17 years 07 months 1/29/1964 Antarctica After Hatching Year Unknown 1/10/1981 Antarctica Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Skua 28 years 10 months 2/17/1981 Antarctica Local Unknown 12/5/2009 Antarctica Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Long-tailed Jaeger 14 years 00 months 6/8/1987 Nunavut After Second Year Unknown 6/2/1999 Nunavut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Common Murre 27 years 01 months 7/20/1985 California After Third Year Unknown 7/12/2009 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Murre 26 years 05 months 7/11/1951 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 11/15/1976 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Common Murre 20 years 05 months 7/8/1956 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Local Unknown 11/15/1976 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Thick-billed Murre 28 years 08 months 8/6/1982 Nunavut After Second Year Unknown 2/24/2009 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Unknown Thick-billed Murre 23 years 07 months 8/16/1981 Nunavut Local Unknown 1/28/2005 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Thick-billed Murre 22 years 09 months 8/20/1977 Nunavut Local Unknown 3/14/2000 Greenland Shot. Dead/Unknown Thick-billed Murre 22 years 08 months 8/1/1955 Nunavut Local Unknown 2/14/1978 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Razorbill 28 years 00 months 6/29/1986 Maine After Third Year Unknown 6/21/2011 Maine Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Razorbill 18 years 00 months 6/22/1989 Quebec Local Unknown 6/20/2007 Quebec Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Razorbill 7 years 04 months 8/7/1999 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Local Unknown 10/15/2006 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Found dead. Dead/Removed Razorbill 6 years 05 months 8/4/1981 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Local Unknown 11/12/1987 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Unknown Razorbill 6 years 02 months 7/27/1935 Quebec After Hatching Year Unknown 8/3/1940 Quebec Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Black Guillemot 27 years 00 months 6/9/1985 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 6/30/2011 Alaska Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Guillemot 26 years 01 months 8/26/1975 Alaska Local Unknown 7/17/2001 Alaska Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Guillemot 12 years 01 months 7/28/1983 New Brunswick After Hatching Year Unknown 7/8/1994 New Brunswick Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Pigeon Guillemot 15 years 02 months 7/13/1997 Washington After Hatching Year Unknown 8/8/2011 Washington Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pigeon Guillemot 12 years 01 months 7/13/1997 Washington After Hatching Year Unknown 7/19/2008 Washington Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pigeon Guillemot 11 years 10 months 7/19/1974 California Local Unknown 4/29/1986 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Pigeon Guillemot 11 years 00 months 7/13/1972 California Local Unknown 6/29/1983 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Pigeon Guillemot 10 years 10 months 7/6/1972 California Local Unknown 4/27/1983 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Pigeon Guillemot 10 years 10 months 7/8/1971 California Local Unknown 4/3/1982 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Pigeon Guillemot 9 years 03 months 5/21/1969 Oregon After Hatching Year Unknown 9/16/1977 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Pigeon Guillemot 7 years 09 months 7/7/1972 California Local Unknown 3/24/1980 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Marbled Murrelet 10 years 00 months 7/24/1997 British Columbia After Hatching Year Unknown 6/21/2006 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Marbled Murrelet 7 years 02 months 5/11/1997 California After Hatching Year Male 8/6/2003 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Marbled Murrelet 4 years 00 months 7/4/1994 British Columbia After Hatching Year Unknown 6/21/1997 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Scripps's Murrelet 14 years 10 months 5/1/1977 California After Hatching Year Unknown 4/12/1991 California Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Scripps's Murrelet 5 years 10 months 5/23/1977 California After Hatching Year Unknown 4/28/1982 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Ancient Murrelet 5 years 00 months 7/10/1975 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 6/13/1979 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Cassin's Auklet 16 years 02 months 11/13/1978 California After Hatching Year Unknown 8/30/1993 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Cassin's Auklet 13 years 01 months 8/3/1978 California After Second Year Unknown 7/5/1989 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Cassin's Auklet 10 years 02 months 3/29/1978 California After Hatching Year Female 8/18/1987 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Cassin's Auklet 10 years 00 months 4/2/1978 California After Hatching Year Female 6/19/1987 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Cassin's Auklet 9 years 11 months 12/16/1978 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/10/1987 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Cassin's Auklet 9 years 02 months 5/28/1972 California Local Unknown 7/17/1981 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Least Auklet 9 years 02 months 6/15/2004 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 8/2/2012 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Least Auklet 8 years 01 months 6/11/1996 Alaska After Third Year Unknown 7/12/2001 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Whiskered Auklet 15 years 00 months 6/7/1993 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 6/2/2007 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Whiskered Auklet 14 years 11 months 6/2/1993 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 5/31/2007 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Crested Auklet 10 years 00 months 7/1/1998 Alaska After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/29/2007 Alaska Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Rhinoceros Auklet 28 years 03 months 7/28/1984 British Columbia After Second Year Unknown 9/1/2010 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Rhinoceros Auklet 11 years 00 months 7/12/1986 British Columbia Local Unknown 6/24/1997 Washington Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Unknown Rhinoceros Auklet 7 years 05 months 7/20/1980 Washington Local Unknown 11/5/1987 Washington Found dead. Dead/Removed Rhinoceros Auklet 5 years 02 months 7/17/1975 Washington After Hatching Year Unknown 8/10/1979 Washington Found dead. Dead/Removed Atlantic Puffin 33 years 01 months 8/8/1977 Maine Local Unknown 7/20/2010 Maine Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Atlantic Puffin 32 years 01 months 8/8/1977 Maine Local Unknown 7/25/2009 Maine Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Atlantic Puffin 30 years 11 months 7/11/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 5/21/1998 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Found dead. Dead/Unknown Atlantic Puffin 19 years 00 months 8/11/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 6/8/1986 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Found dead. Dead/Unknown Atlantic Puffin 18 years 11 months 7/8/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 5/26/1986 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Removed Atlantic Puffin 18 years 11 months 7/31/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 5/27/1986 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Removed Atlantic Puffin 16 years 00 months 7/2/1969 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 06/99/1984 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Unknown/Removed Atlantic Puffin 15 years 01 months 6/22/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 7/1/1982 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Atlantic Puffin 13 years 02 months 6/22/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 8/7/1980 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Shot. Dead/Removed Atlantic Puffin 13 years 00 months 8/14/1969 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 6/26/1981 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Atlantic Puffin 11 years 00 months 6/21/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 6/12/1978 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Atlantic Puffin 10 years 11 months 5/28/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 5/7/1978 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Atlantic Puffin 10 years 06 months 5/28/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Hatching Year Unknown 12/28/1977 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by hand. Unknown/Removed Atlantic Puffin 10 years 00 months 9/13/1968 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Hatching Year Unknown 6/26/1978 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Tufted Puffin 6 years 00 months 7/30/1976 Alaska Local Unknown 6/16/1982 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-legged Kittiwake 20 years 02 months 7/31/1992 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 8/17/2011 Alaska Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-legged Kittiwake 18 years 00 months 7/25/1976 Alaska Local Unknown 6/17/1994 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-legged Kittiwake 15 years 00 months 8/5/1977 Alaska Local Unknown 6/28/1992 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-legged Kittiwake 12 years 02 months 8/17/1979 Alaska Local Unknown 8/5/1991 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-legged Kittiwake 7 years 00 months 7/16/1970 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Local Unknown 6/11/1977 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Removed Red-legged Kittiwake 27 years 00 months 8/19/1976 Alaska Local Unknown 6/19/2003 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-legged Kittiwake 18 years 00 months 8/11/1976 Alaska After Second Year Unknown 6/28/1992 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ivory Gull 23 years 11 months 7/6/1982 Nunavut After Hatching Year Unknown 5/1/2005 Greenland Shot. Dead/Removed Ivory Gull 19 years 03 months 8/6/1977 Nunavut Local Unknown 09/99/1996 Greenland Shot. Dead/Unknown Ivory Gull 12 years 00 months 8/6/1976 Nunavut Local Unknown 6/14/1988 Greenland Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Ivory Gull 9 years 03 months 8/2/1977 Nunavut Local Unknown 09/99/1986 Greenland Shot. Dead/Removed Ivory Gull 7 years 00 months 7/1/1983 Nunavut After Second Year Unknown 6/6/1988 Greenland Shot. Dead/Unknown Ivory Gull 5 years 00 months 6/23/1976 Nunavut After Second Year Unknown 6/6/1979 Nunavut Shot. Dead/Removed Sabine's Gull 8 years 01 months 7/27/1983 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 7/3/1990 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Sabine's Gull 8 years 01 months 7/26/1983 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 7/3/1990 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Laughing Gull 22 years 00 months 8/6/1987 Maine Local Unknown 6/2/2009 Maine Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Laughing Gull 19 years 00 months 6/11/1975 Florida Local Unknown 6/10/1994 Florida Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Franklin's Gull 9 years 05 months 6/15/1963 Montana Local Unknown 11/99/1972 Montana Shot. Dead/Removed Franklin's Gull 7 years 09 months 6/27/1970 Montana Local Unknown 3/30/1978 Texas Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Removed Heermann's Gull 24 years 00 months 6/21/1985 Mexico Local Female, sexed upon recapture 6/11/2009 Oregon Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Heermann's Gull 18 years 02 months 6/25/1991 Mexico Local Female, sexed upon recapture 8/22/2009 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Heermann's Gull 11 years 08 months 6/27/1986 Mexico Local Male, sexed upon recapture 2/12/1998 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Heermann's Gull 10 years 10 months 6/21/1985 Mexico Local Male, sexed upon recapture 4/20/1996 Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Heermann's Gull 6 years 10 months 6/23/1993 Mexico Local Female, sexed upon recapture 4/20/2000 Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Heermann's Gull 6 years 06 months 6/23/1993 Mexico Local Unknown 12/3/1999 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Heermann's Gull 4 years 06 months 6/23/1993 Mexico Local Unknown 12/9/1997 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Heermann's Gull 4 years 04 months 6/23/1993 Mexico Local Unknown 10/30/1997 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mew Gull 20 years 08 months 6/15/1986 Alaska Local Unknown 2/14/2007 British Columbia Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Mew Gull 18 years 02 months 5/5/1962 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 8/12/1979 Alaska Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Mew Gull 10 years 11 months 5/7/1962 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 5/1/1972 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Ring-billed Gull 27 years 06 months 6/10/1984 New York Local Unknown 12/14/2011 New York Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Ring-billed Gull 25 years 05 months 6/10/1984 New York Local Unknown 11/29/2009 New York Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ring-billed Gull 25 years 01 months 6/24/1956 Ontario Local Unknown 7/28/1981 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Removed Ring-billed Gull 21 years 00 months 12/10/1930 Michigan Hatching Year Unknown 6/12/1951 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Unknown Ring-billed Gull 14 years 02 months 6/15/1964 Michigan Local Unknown 8/15/1978 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Removed Ring-billed Gull 6 years 04 months 6/17/1972 Michigan Local Unknown 10/22/1978 Michigan Shot. Dead/Removed Western Gull 33 years 11 months 6/22/1973 California Local Unknown 5/13/2007 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Gull 27 years 10 months 6/18/1944 California Local Unknown 4/25/1972 California Found dead. Dead/Removed California Gull 28 years 03 months 5/27/1985 California Local Unknown 8/10/2013 California Caught due to: injury Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird California Gull 28 years 00 months 5/31/1983 California Local Unknown 5/16/2011 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Gull 26 years 11 months 6/1/1984 California Local Unknown 5/24/2011 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Gull 26 years 06 months 6/5/1983 California Local Unknown 12/15/2009 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Gull 25 years 03 months 6/5/1983 California Local Unknown 9/12/2008 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Gull 24 years 11 months 7/10/1970 Wyoming Local Unknown 5/1/1995 Wyoming Found dead. Dead/Removed California Gull 17 years 10 months 7/1/1974 Wyoming Local Unknown 4/14/1992 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Unknown California Gull 13 years 04 months 6/18/1967 Montana Local Unknown 10/29/1980 Montana Found dead. Dead/Removed California Gull 13 years 04 months 6/19/1965 California Local Unknown 10/26/1978 California Found dead. Dead/Removed California Gull 12 years 07 months 7/4/1962 Wyoming Local Unknown 01/99/1975 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Herring Gull 29 years 03 months 06/28/1986 Wisconsin Local Unknown 09/20/2015 Michigan Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Herring Gull 28 years 01 months 6/23/1984 Wisconsin Local Unknown 7/16/2012 Illinois Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Herring Gull 28 years 00 months 6/19/1959 Minnesota Local Unknown 06/43/1987 Minnesota Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Herring Gull 27 years 03 months 7/19/1949 New Brunswick After Hatching Year Unknown 9/7/1975 Maryland Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Herring Gull 25 years 03 months 8/3/1936 New Brunswick Local Unknown 9/3/1961 New Brunswick Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Herring Gull 18 years 00 months 7/4/1948 Michigan Local Unknown 6/20/1966 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Removed Herring Gull 15 years 02 months 6/14/1963 Rhode Island Local Unknown 8/19/1978 Connecticut Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Removed Herring Gull 14 years 05 months 7/6/1963 Michigan Local Unknown 11/43/1977 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Removed Iceland Gull 4 years 08 months 1/19/2013 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon After Third Year Unknown 2/20/2015 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lesser Black-backed Gull 9 years 03 months 6/10/2008 Maine After Third Year Male 9/15/2014 South Carolina Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lesser Black-backed Gull 6 years 08 months 6/10/2008 Maine After Third Year Male 2/10/2012 Florida Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Glaucous-winged Gull 23 years 10 months 8/10/1977 British Columbia Local Unknown 4/13/2001 Washington Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Glaucous-winged Gull 23 years 07 months 7/20/1973 British Columbia Local Unknown 1/27/1997 British Columbia Caught due to striking: radio, TV, high tension, etc. wires or towers, or ceilometers. Dead/Removed Glaucous-winged Gull 22 years 10 months 7/21/1969 British Columbia Local Unknown 4/15/1992 British Columbia Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Glaucous-winged Gull 22 years 10 months 6/11/1971 British Columbia After Third Year Unknown 4/20/1991 British Columbia Found dead. Dead/Removed Glaucous-winged Gull 22 years 09 months 7/23/1961 Washington Local Unknown 3/28/1984 Washington Found dead. Dead/Removed Glaucous-winged Gull 19 years 09 months 7/28/1959 British Columbia Local Unknown 3/22/1979 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Glaucous-winged Gull 18 years 04 months 7/22/1962 Washington Local Unknown 10/26/1980 Washington Found dead. Dead/Removed Glaucous-winged Gull 16 years 03 months 7/21/1962 British Columbia Local Unknown 9/23/1978 British Columbia Found dead. Dead/Removed Glaucous Gull 9 years 01 months 8/10/1994 Nunavut Hatching Year Unknown 7/1/2003 Nunavut Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Black-backed Gull 26 years 09 months 7/13/1968 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 3/18/1994 New Jersey Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Black-backed Gull 25 years 05 months 7/13/1968 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 11/14/1992 New Jersey Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Black-backed Gull 23 years 03 months 7/6/1952 Quebec Local Unknown 9/26/1975 Ontario Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Southern Black-backed Gull 15 years 03 months 7/17/1962 Argentina Hatching Year Unknown 9/15/1977 Antarctica Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown Noddy 25 years 10 months 7/22/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 5/23/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Brown Noddy 24 years 11 months 6/12/1947 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 4/14/2014 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Brown Noddy 18 years 06 months 7/31/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 12/16/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Shot. Dead/Removed Black Noddy 25 years 03 months 10/22/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 9/19/1990 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue-gray Noddy 14 years 00 months 7/30/1966 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Unknown Unknown 6/11/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White Tern 29 years 09 months 9/17/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/10/1993 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White Tern 27 years 04 months 9/18/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 10/16/1990 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White Tern 27 years 03 months 9/18/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 9/11/1990 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White Tern 26 years 05 months 2/12/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 11/12/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White Tern 15 years 11 months 9/18/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 5/10/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Sooty Tern 35 years 09 months 11/5/1975 Africa Local Unknown 3/29/2011 Africa Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Sooty Tern 33 years 10 months 8/23/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 4/5/1998 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Sooty Tern 31 years 08 months 8/7/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 2/17/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Sooty Tern 22 years 00 months 8/21/1937 Florida Local Unknown 06/42/1959 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Sooty Tern 14 years 02 months 4/30/1965 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 8/3/1978 Asia Found dead. Dead/Removed Gray-backed Tern 25 years 09 months 6/16/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Local Unknown 3/1/1993 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Gray-backed Tern 18 years 00 months 3/6/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 6/26/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray-backed Tern 16 years 02 months 6/20/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 8/25/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray-backed Tern 13 years 10 months 8/9/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 4/16/1977 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Gray-backed Tern 10 years 07 months 6/18/1963 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 1/8/1973 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Found dead. Dead/Removed Least Tern 24 years 01 months 7/5/1957 Massachusetts Local Unknown 7/8/1981 New Jersey Caught by or due to: miscellaneous animal. Dead/Unknown Least Tern 20 years 00 months 6/14/1960 New Jersey Local Unknown 6/14/1980 Delaware Found dead. Dead/Removed Gull-billed Tern 20 years 00 months 5/29/1993 California Local Unknown 5/17/2013 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Gull-billed Tern 15 years 00 months 5/29/1993 California Local Unknown 5/19/2008 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gull-billed Tern 13 years 11 months 6/1/1975 Florida Local Unknown 5/21/1989 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Gull-billed Tern 6 years 04 months 6/8/1969 South Carolina Local Unknown 10/23/1975 French Guiana, Guyana and Surinam Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird Caspian Tern 29 years 07 months 7/3/1959 Michigan Local Unknown 1/26/1989 Louisiana Found dead. Dead/Unknown Caspian Tern 26 years 02 months 7/19/1925 Michigan Juvenile Unknown 8/9/1951 Ohio Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Unknown Caspian Tern 16 years 00 months 6/25/1961 Ontario Local Unknown 6/7/1977 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Caspian Tern 11 years 10 months 6/22/1966 Ontario Local Unknown 4/16/1978 Ohio Shot. Dead/Removed Black Tern 10 years 03 months 6/3/2004 Wisconsin After Second Year Unknown 9/2/2012 Louisiana Caught or found dead due to: control operations (roost bombing, gassing, avicides, wetting agents, etc.) Dead/Removed Black Tern 9 years 00 months 7/6/2002 Wisconsin Local Female, sexed upon recapture 6/4/2011 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black Tern 8 years 05 months 6/23/1970 Minnesota After Second Year Unknown 11/24/1976 El Salvador Found dead. Dead/Removed Roseate Tern 25 years 08 months 7/20/1971 Massachusetts Local Unknown 2/8/1997 Brazil Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Roseate Tern 21 years 00 months 7/4/1968 New York After Second Year Unknown 6/19/1989 Massachusetts Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Roseate Tern 19 years 00 months 7/3/1973 New York Local Unknown 6/29/1992 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 16 years 01 months 7/11/1975 New York After Second Year Unknown 7/3/1991 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 15 years 00 months 6/9/1978 Connecticut After Second Year Unknown 6/23/1991 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 14 years 00 months 6/24/1968 New York After Second Year Unknown 6/11/1980 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 13 years 01 months 7/20/1969 New York After Second Year Unknown 7/16/1982 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Roseate Tern 13 years 00 months 7/25/1972 New York After Second Year Unknown 6/20/1983 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 12 years 01 months 6/25/1979 Connecticut Local Unknown 7/3/1991 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 12 years 01 months 8/5/1968 Massachusetts Local Unknown 7/25/1980 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Roseate Tern 12 years 00 months 7/3/1967 New York Local Unknown 6/16/1979 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Common Tern 25 years 01 months 30842 New York Local Unknown 40002 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Tern 25 years 00 months 7/12/1970 New York Local Unknown 6/20/1995 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Arctic Tern 34 years 00 months 7/24/1936 Maine Local Unknown 6/19/1970 Maine Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Removed Forster's Tern 15 years 10 months 6/19/1973 California Local Unknown 4/5/1989 California Caught or found dead due to: oil or tar Dead/Left On Bird Forster's Tern 12 years 00 months 6/12/1972 California Local Unknown 6/19/1984 California Caught or found dead due to disease: botulism Dead/Removed Forster's Tern 11 years 01 months 6/12/1972 California Local Unknown 7/12/1983 California Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Unknown Royal Tern 30 years 06 months 7/2/1983 North Carolina Local Unknown 12/10/2013 Belize Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Royal Tern 28 years 11 months 6/24/1984 North Carolina Local Unknown 5/7/2013 North Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Royal Tern 28 years 00 months 6/24/1983 North Carolina Local Unknown 6/8/2011 North Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Royal Tern 27 years 05 months 6/14/1975 South Carolina Local Unknown 11/4/2002 Florida Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Royal Tern 24 years 03 months 6/15/1979 North Carolina After Third Year Unknown 9/25/2000 Florida Caught by hand. Dead/Removed Royal Tern 24 years 00 months 6/1/1978 North Carolina After Third Year Unknown 6/7/1999 North Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Royal Tern 23 years 11 months 7/29/1972 Virginia Local Unknown 5/17/1996 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Royal Tern 22 years 11 months 8/4/1979 Virginia Local Unknown 5/27/2002 Maryland Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Royal Tern 22 years 02 months 7/4/1965 North Carolina Local Unknown 8/22/1987 Georgia Caught by hand. Dead/Unknown Royal Tern 21 years 08 months 7/16/1967 South Carolina Local Unknown 2/2/1989 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Royal Tern 18 years 00 months 7/9/1965 Virginia Local Unknown 6/12/1983 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Royal Tern 17 years 02 months 6/28/1965 Virginia Local Unknown 8/17/1982 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Royal Tern 17 years 00 months 6/29/1960 North Carolina Local Unknown 6/3/1977 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Royal Tern 17 years 00 months 6/26/1957 Maryland Local Unknown 6/13/1974 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Royal Tern 14 years 11 months 6/22/1958 Virginia Local Unknown 5/3/1973 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Royal Tern 13 years 08 months 8/19/1964 South Carolina Local Unknown 2/11/1978 Florida Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Left On Bird Royal Tern 12 years 08 months 6/28/1965 Virginia Local Unknown 2/15/1978 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Sandwich Tern 24 years 02 months 7/3/1987 North Carolina Local Unknown 8/28/2011 North Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Sandwich Tern 22 years 01 months 7/3/1983 North Carolina Local Unknown 7/23/2005 North Carolina Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Sandwich Tern 21 years 01 months 6/24/1984 North Carolina Local Unknown 7/20/2005 North Carolina Caught due to: injury Dead/Left On Bird Sandwich Tern 20 years 02 months 7/29/1973 Virginia Local Unknown 8/18/1993 North Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Sandwich Tern 16 years 02 months 6/24/1977 North Carolina Local Unknown 08/99/1993 Massachusetts Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Sandwich Tern 16 years 01 months 6/26/1963 Louisiana Local Unknown 7/29/1979 Alabama Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Alive - Released/Removed Elegant Tern 20 years 11 months 7/15/1989 California Local Unknown 5/5/2010 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Elegant Tern 16 years 00 months 6/24/1991 Mexico Local Unknown 6/2/2007 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Elegant Tern 10 years 10 months 6/2/1990 California Local Unknown 4/18/2001 California Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Unknown Elegant Tern 9 years 01 months 7/15/1989 California Local Unknown 7/3/1998 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Elegant Tern 9 years 00 months 5/28/1960 California Local Unknown 5/19/1969 California Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Skimmer 23 years 1 months 7/20/1990 California Local Unknown 7/19/2013 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Skimmer 20 years 03 months 8/8/1988 New Jersey Local Unknown 9/29/2008 New Jersey Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Skimmer 20 years 00 months 8/13/1958 Georgia Local Unknown 6/28/1978 Florida Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Alive - In Captivity/Removed Black Skimmer 15 years 08 months 6/27/1962 New York Local Unknown 2/24/1978 North Carolina Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Black Skimmer 14 years 07 months 6/30/1956 South Carolina Local Unknown 1/2/1971 Florida Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Skimmer 13 years 08 months 7/2/1964 North Carolina Local Unknown 2/26/1978 Florida Found dead. Dead/Unknown White-crowned Pigeon 14 years 05 months 09/99/1972 Dominican Republic and Haiti Local Unknown 11/99/1986 Dominican Republic and Haiti Shot. Dead/Unknown White-crowned Pigeon 12 years 02 months 6/23/1942 Lesser Antilles Local Unknown 8/16/1954 Lesser Antilles Shot. Dead/Unknown Band-tailed Pigeon 18 years 06 months 5/7/1968 Washington After Hatching Year Unknown 12/20/1985 Washington Found dead. Dead/Removed Band-tailed Pigeon 15 years 06 months 6/5/1967 Washington After Hatching Year Unknown 12/28/1981 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Eurasian Collared-Dove 9 years 03 months 8/10/2002 South Carolina Hatching Year Unknown 9/23/2011 South Carolina Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Eurasian Collared-Dove 5 years 02 months 7/25/2002 South Carolina After Hatching Year Unknown 8/26/2006 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Spotted Dove 7 years 08 months 6/7/1937 California After Hatching Year Unknown 2/28/1944 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown Inca Dove 10 years 10 months 3/10/1979 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 4/5/1989 Texas Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Inca Dove 7 years 09 months 11/3/1939 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 3/5/1946 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Common Ground-Dove 7 years 02 months 4/13/1979 Texas After Hatching Year Female 8/14/1985 Mexico Shot. Dead/Unknown Common Ground-Dove 6 years 01 months 8/21/1960 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 7/22/1965 Florida Found dead. Dead/Unknown White-tipped Dove 8 years 07 months 2/27/1963 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 1/11/1971 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-winged Dove 21 years 09 months 8/8/1958 Arizona Hatching Year Unknown 3/10/1980 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed White-winged Dove 17 years 08 months 5/7/1961 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 2/1/1978 El Salvador Shot. Dead/Removed White-winged Dove 16 years 10 months 5/11/1965 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 4/3/1981 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed White-winged Dove 15 years 05 months 7/7/1965 Arizona After Hatching Year Female 12/99/1979 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed White-winged Dove 11 years 09 months 6/29/1967 Mexico After Hatching Year Unknown 3/6/1978 Guatemala Shot. Dead/Removed Zenaida Dove 6 years 04 months 11/27/1991 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 10/20/1996 Puerto Rico Shot. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 30 years 04 months 6/20/1968 Georgia Unknown Male 10/7/1998 Florida Shot. Dead/Unknown Mourning Dove 27 years 03 months 8/9/1969 California Hatching Year Unknown 10/7/1998 California Shot. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 19 years 04 months 6/15/1958 Colorado Hatching Year Unknown 10/25/1977 Guatemala Shot. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 16 years 04 months 8/21/1951 Louisiana Hatching Year Unknown 10/14/1967 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 13 years 06 months 2/24/1967 Georgia After Hatching Year Female 12/30/1979 Georgia Shot. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 12 years 01 months 1/14/1970 Ohio After Hatching Year Female 7/4/1981 Ohio Found dead. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 10 years 04 months 9/15/1968 Minnesota Hatching Year Unknown 10/15/1978 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Mourning Dove 9 years 03 months 6/8/1970 Texas After Hatching Year Male 9/4/1978 Texas Shot. Dead/Removed Yellow-billed Cuckoo 5 years 00 months 6/14/1960 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 6/23/1964 Tennessee Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Unknown Black-billed Cuckoo 4 years 00 months 6/10/1965 Ontario Unknown Unknown 6/14/1969 Connecticut Found dead. Dead/Removed Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo 8 years 00 months 1/8/2003 Puerto Rico Second Year Unknown 6/5/2010 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo 7 years 07 months 1/12/1994 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/8/2001 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Greater Roadrunner 3 years 09 months 5/7/1979 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 3/7/1982 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Barn Owl 15 years 05 months 6/6/1961 Ohio Local Unknown 11/3/1976 Ohio Shot. Dead/Removed Barn Owl 12 years 10 months 6/13/1977 California Hatching Year Unknown 4/13/1990 California Found dead or injured on highway. Unknown/Removed Barn Owl 12 years 05 months 5/13/1976 New Jersey Local Unknown 10/14/1988 Ohio Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Flammulated Owl 7 years 01 months 7/15/1981 Colorado Local Unknown 7/10/1988 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Screech-Owl 13 years 00 months 5/28/1926 California Juvenile Unknown 5/5/1939 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown Western Screech-Owl 12 years 05 months 5/18/1924 California Unknown Unknown 10/12/1936 California Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Unknown Eastern Screech-Owl 14 years 06 months 11/20/1955 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 12/15/1968 Ontario Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Unknown Great Horned Owl 28 years 00 months 3/19/1977 Ohio Local Unknown 3/24/2005 Ohio Caught due to: injury Alive - In Captivity/Removed Great Horned Owl 27 years 07 months 12/20/1964 Manitoba Unknown Unknown 1/6/1992 Manitoba Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Great Horned Owl 23 years 06 months 4/28/1965 New York Local Unknown 10/24/1988 New York Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Horned Owl 20 years 08 months 5/20/1967 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 1/18/1988 Saskatchewan Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Horned Owl 19 years 05 months 4/25/1968 New York Local Unknown 9/6/1987 New York Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Great Horned Owl 17 years 06 months 4/28/1959 Illinois Local Unknown 10/42/1976 Illinois Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Horned Owl 15 years 08 months 4/27/1966 New York Local Unknown 12/12/1981 New York Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Unknown Great Horned Owl 13 years 07 months 5/17/1959 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 12/4/1972 Manitoba Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Unknown/Removed Great Horned Owl 13 years 03 months 4/1/1965 Indiana Local Male 7/3/1978 Ohio Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Snowy Owl 23 years 10 months 3/20/1992 Massachusetts Second Year Female 4/5/2015 Montana Code discontinued. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Snowy Owl 19 years 07 months 1/17/1994 Alberta After Hatching Year Female 1/23/2013 Alberta Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Snowy Owl 16 years 08 months 2/27/1988 Massachusetts Second Year Female 2/29/2004 Massachusetts Caught or found dead due to striking or being struck by: moving aircraft. Dead/Unknown Snowy Owl 10 years 09 months 1/25/1975 Alberta After Second Year Female 3/15/1984 Alberta Found dead. Dead/Unknown Snowy Owl 9 years 05 months 7/18/1960 Nunavut Local Unknown 11/99/1969 Nunavut Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Removed Northern Hawk Owl 5 years 11 months 12/11/2004 Alberta Hatching Year Unknown 5/21/2010 Alberta Caught due to striking: radio, TV, high tension, etc. wires or towers, or ceilometers. Dead/Removed Northern Hawk Owl 4 years 10 months 11/14/2004 Alberta Hatching Year Unknown 4/4/2009 Alberta Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Alive - Unknown/Left On Bird Northern Pygmy-Owl 3 years 11 months 4/26/2008 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 5/16/2011 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Elf Owl 5 years 10 months 3/21/1979 Texas After Hatching Year Male 4/29/1984 Texas Caught or killed due to: fall from nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Elf Owl 4 years 11 months 7/7/1983 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 5/7/1987 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Burrowing Owl 9 years 11 months 7/24/2005 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/22/2014 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Burrowing Owl 9 years 02 months 6/13/1993 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 08/99/2002 Mexico Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Unknown/Unknown Burrowing Owl 8 years 08 months 6/7/1932 South Dakota After Hatching Year Unknown 2/13/1940 Texas Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Unknown Spotted Owl 21 years 00 months 6/13/1988 Oregon After Third Year Female 6/7/2006 Oregon Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Spotted Owl 16 years 02 months 3/29/1993 Oregon After Third Year Female 8/25/2006 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Spotted Owl 14 years 02 months 12/20/1989 Oregon After Third Year Male 8/8/2000 Oregon Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Spotted Owl 13 years 09 months 8/14/1986 Oregon After Third Year Male 3/20/1997 Oregon Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Spotted Owl 10 years 06 months 6/23/1987 California After Hatching Year Female 12/25/1996 California Caught due to: injury Dead/Left On Bird Spotted Owl 9 years 02 months 8/7/1988 California After Third Year Female 8/24/1994 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Barred Owl 24 years 01 months 5/24/1986 Minnesota Local Unknown 6/9/2010 Minnesota Caught by or due to: entanglement in fishing gear Dead/Removed Barred Owl 18 years 03 months 5/9/1968 Kentucky Local Unknown 8/20/1986 Ohio Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Barred Owl 10 years 08 months 10/25/1964 Missouri Unknown Female, sexed upon recapture 2/25/1975 Missouri Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Great Gray Owl 18 years 09 months 2/10/1996 Alberta After Second Year Unknown 3/16/2013 Alberta Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Left On Bird Great Gray Owl 12 years 09 months 5/15/1977 Alberta After Hatching Year Female 3/8/1989 Alberta Found dead. Dead/Removed Great Gray Owl 10 years 11 months 3/9/1974 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 5/10/1984 Manitoba Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Great Gray Owl 5 years 06 months 2/14/1976 Manitoba After Hatching Year Unknown 12/21/1980 Manitoba Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Long-eared Owl 12 years 01 months 4/5/1989 New York After Second Year Unknown 7/5/1999 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Long-eared Owl 9 years 00 months 2/5/1954 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 6/10/1962 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Unknown Short-eared Owl 4 years 04 months 8/5/1966 British Columbia Hatching Year Unknown 10/18/1970 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Boreal Owl 8 years 00 months 6/1/1990 Idaho Hatching Year Male, sexed upon recapture 6/23/1998 Idaho Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Saw-whet Owl 9 years 05 months 9/28/1999 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 11/8/2007 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Saw-whet Owl 8 years 03 months 9/5/2001 California Hatching Year Unknown 9/23/2009 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Saw-whet Owl 7 years 05 months 10/20/1977 Ontario Hatching Year Unknown 11/23/1984 New Hampshire Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Northern Saw-whet Owl 3 years 10 months 10/29/1971 Ontario Unknown Unknown 4/11/1975 Ontario Caught due to: entanglement in anything other than fishing gear, e.g., in wire, string, vines, fence, shrubs, etc. Dead/Removed Common Nighthawk 9 years 00 months 6/7/1950 Ohio Unknown Female 6/26/1959 Ohio Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Common Nighthawk 6 years 11 months 6/26/1972 Iowa Local Unknown 5/4/1979 Missouri Found dead. Dead/Removed Chuck-will's-widow 14 years 10 months 4/8/1978 Florida After Hatching Year Male 04/99/1992 Dominican Republic and Haiti Shot. Dead/Removed Eastern Whip-poor-will 4 years 00 months 6/19/1956 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 6/17/1959 Maryland Shot. Dead/Unknown Black Swift 16 years 01 months 8/20/1985 California After Hatching Year Unknown 7/12/2000 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Swift 10 years 01 months 8/20/1985 California After Hatching Year Unknown 7/20/1994 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Swift 6 years 00 months 9/5/1963 Colorado Local Unknown 6/30/1969 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Unknown Chimney Swift 14 years 00 months 9/16/1957 Ohio After Hatching Year Male, sexed upon recapture 6/25/1970 Ohio Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chimney Swift 13 years 09 months 9/21/1952 Georgia Unknown Unknown 3/9/1966 Florida Found dead. Dead/Unknown Chimney Swift 11 years 11 months 7/1/1947 Ohio Unknown Unknown 5/5/1959 Ohio Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Vaux's Swift 5 years 01 months 4/13/1972 Venezuela After Hatching Year Unknown 7/11/1976 Venezuela Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-throated Swift 10 years 00 months 7/6/1997 California After Hatching Year Unknown 6/15/2006 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-throated Swift 5 years 08 months 3/8/1970 California After Hatching Year Unknown 2/17/1975 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Magnificent Hummingbird 11 years 00 months 6/20/1998 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 6/1/2008 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Magnificent Hummingbird 9 years 02 months 8/22/1993 Arizona Hatching Year Male 8/12/2002 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue-throated Hummingbird 7 years 11 months 7/26/1987 Arizona Hatching Year Male 5/20/1995 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruby-throated Hummingbird 9 years 02 months 8/2/2006 West Virginia After Hatching Year Female 8/8/2014 West Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruby-throated Hummingbird 9 years 01 months 6/8/2006 Michigan After Hatching Year Female 7/17/2014 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruby-throated Hummingbird 9 years 00 months 7/19/2001 New York After Hatching Year Female 6/4/2009 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruby-throated Hummingbird 9 years 00 months 9/2/1978 Oklahoma After Hatching Year Female 6/11/1986 Oklahoma Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruby-throated Hummingbird 6 years 03 months 6/24/1970 Missouri After Hatching Year Female 9/1/1975 Missouri Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-chinned Hummingbird 11 years 02 months 8/25/1998 Texas After Hatching Year Female 8/29/2008 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-chinned Hummingbird 10 years 01 months 4/17/1997 Arizona After Hatching Year Female 7/21/2006 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-chinned Hummingbird 9 years 02 months 8/30/1992 Arizona Hatching Year Female 8/29/2001 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-chinned Hummingbird 8 years 11 months 6/1/1996 Arizona After Hatching Year Female 5/22/2004 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-chinned Hummingbird 7 years 11 months 4/27/1994 Arizona After Hatching Year Female 5/8/2001 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Anna's Hummingbird 8 years 02 months 6/6/1993 Arizona Hatching Year Male 8/26/2001 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Anna's Hummingbird 6 years 04 months 6/25/1976 California Hatching Year Unknown 10/14/1982 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Costa's Hummingbird 8 years 09 months 6/2/2001 California After Hatching Year Female 3/7/2009 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Broad-tailed Hummingbird 12 years 02 months 6/21/1976 Colorado After Hatching Year Female 8/12/1987 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Rufous Hummingbird 8 years 11 months 6/17/1996 British Columbia After Hatching Year Female 5/16/2004 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Allen's Hummingbird 5 years 11 months 5/3/2004 California Second Year Female 5/28/2009 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Allen's Hummingbird 4 years 00 months 6/6/1981 California Hatching Year Female 6/18/1985 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Allen's Hummingbird 3 years 11 months 6/18/1977 California After Hatching Year Female 5/16/1980 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Calliope Hummingbird 7 years 00 months 5/29/2001 Montana Second Year Female 6/6/2007 Montana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Calliope Hummingbird 6 years 11 months 7/8/1993 Montana After Hatching Year Female 5/29/1999 Montana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Broad-billed Hummingbird 9 years 01 months 4/4/2004 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 7/13/2012 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Broad-billed Hummingbird 8 years 10 months 4/4/2004 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 4/9/2012 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Broad-billed Hummingbird 6 years 01 months 7/17/1989 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 7/8/1994 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Buff-bellied Hummingbird 11 years 02 months 11/18/1997 Texas After Hatching Year Male 8/25/2007 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Buff-bellied Hummingbird 8 years 08 months 2/19/1993 Louisiana After Hatching Year Unknown 2/26/2001 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Violet-crowned Hummingbird 6 years 01 months 7/5/2006 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 7/24/2011 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Puerto Rican Tody 12 years 07 months 1/14/1994 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/8/2006 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Collared Kingfisher 4 years 04 months 3/18/2003 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Unknown Unknown 7/26/2007 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Green Kingfisher 5 years 00 months 6/23/2002 Texas After Hatching Year Male 6/26/2006 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-headed Woodpecker 9 years 11 months 6/23/1926 Michigan After Hatching Year Unknown 5/21/1935 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Unknown Acorn Woodpecker 17 years 03 months 6/1/1992 California Local Unknown 9/17/2009 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Acorn Woodpecker 11 years 01 months 6/20/1998 Arizona After Second Year Male 7/14/2007 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Acorn Woodpecker 7 years 00 months 9/16/1967 California After Hatching Year Female 6/28/1973 California Caught by hand. Dead/Unknown Gila Woodpecker 7 years 09 months 8/10/1946 Arizona Unknown Male 3/16/1954 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Golden-fronted Woodpecker 5 years 11 months 4/11/2009 Texas After Third Year Male 5/3/2012 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden-fronted Woodpecker 5 years 08 months 3/19/1962 Texas After Hatching Year Male 2/4/1967 Texas Found dead. Dead/Unknown Red-bellied Woodpecker 12 years 03 months 3/7/2003 Georgia After Third Year Male 9/10/2012 Georgia Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-bellied Woodpecker 12 years 01 months 3/21/1968 Virginia After Hatching Year Male 7/4/1979 Virginia Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 7 years 09 months 4/7/1973 New Jersey After Second Year Male 03/42/1979 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Unknown Red-naped Sapsucker 4 years 11 months 7/8/2008 Wyoming After Second Year Female 5/11/2011 Wyoming Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Red-breasted Sapsucker 5 years 00 months 7/30/2008 British Columbia Third Year Unknown 6/25/2011 British Columbia Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Left On Bird Red-breasted Sapsucker 4 years 09 months 1/31/1982 California After Hatching Year Unknown 3/30/1986 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Ladder-backed Woodpecker 4 years 06 months 2/17/1965 Texas After Hatching Year Male 12/2/1968 Texas Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Nuttall's Woodpecker 8 years 09 months 7/6/2000 California After Third Year Female 3/7/2006 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Downy Woodpecker 11 years 11 months 4/28/1985 California After Hatching Year Male 5/19/1996 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Downy Woodpecker 11 years 05 months 1/30/1942 New York After Hatching Year Male 11/23/1952 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Downy Woodpecker 9 years 09 months 12/5/1967 South Dakota Unknown Female 3/21/1977 South Dakota Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Left On Bird Hairy Woodpecker 15 years 11 months 7/24/1995 New York After Hatching Year Male 5/5/2010 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hairy Woodpecker 15 years 10 months 4/14/1965 South Dakota After Hatching Year Female 4/7/1980 South Dakota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Hairy Woodpecker 13 years 03 months 5/20/1961 New Jersey Unknown Female 9/27/1974 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-cockaded Woodpecker 16 years 01 months 9/25/1983 North Carolina Unknown Female 7/30/1999 North Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed White-headed Woodpecker 4 years 01 months 7/12/2008 Washington Hatching Year Female 7/6/2012 Washington Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-backed Woodpecker 4 years 11 months 6/7/2002 Idaho After Hatching Year Male 5/31/2006 Idaho Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-shafted Flicker 9 years 02 months 3/31/1965 Florida After Hatching Year Male 08/99/1973 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Flinker Intergrade 8 years 09 months 8/31/1989 California Hatching Year Male 3/18/1998 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Flinker Intergrade 7 years 08 months 10/26/1941 California After Hatching Year Unknown 2/27/1948 California Caught by hand. Unknown/Unknown Flinker Intergrade 7 years 07 months 8/30/1971 California After Hatching Year Female 1/9/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gilded Flicker 6 years 04 months 10/7/1963 Arizona Unknown Unknown 10/99/1969 Arizona Found dead. Dead/Removed Pileated Woodpecker 12 years 11 months 5/18/1979 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 5/10/1991 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pileated Woodpecker 9 years 00 months 6/4/1942 New York Hatching Year Male 6/20/1951 New York Found dead. Dead/Unknown Crested Caracara 21 years 09 months 3/7/1994 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 3/15/2015 Florida Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Crested Caracara 17 years 08 months 12/21/1979 Florida After Hatching Year Female 2/11/1996 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Crested Caracara 9 years 00 months 5/15/1977 Florida Local Unknown 5/16/1986 Florida Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed American Kestrel 14 years 08 months 11/30/1987 Utah After Hatching Year Male 2/5/2001 Utah Found dead. Dead/Unknown American Kestrel 13 years 07 months 1/28/1985 California After Hatching Year Female 1/13/1998 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown American Kestrel 11 years 07 months 6/12/1954 New York After Hatching Year Female 1/17/1965 New York Miscellaneous. Method of recovery not covered by other codes. Unknown/Unknown Merlin 11 years 11 months 9/30/1982 New York After Hatching Year Male 05/99/1993 New Brunswick Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Removed Merlin 9 years 04 months 10/16/1976 New Jersey Hatching Year Male 10/99/1985 Cuba Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Unknown/Removed Merlin 7 years 10 months 10/8/1961 New Jersey Unknown Unknown 4/13/1969 Maine Shot. Dead/Removed Aplomado Falcon 8 years 08 months 7/15/2002 Texas Hatching Year Female 2/6/2011 Texas Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Aplomado Falcon 6 years 07 months 7/19/1999 Texas Local Unknown 1/27/2006 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Aplomado Falcon 5 years 08 months 6/20/1998 Mexico Local Male, sexed upon recapture 2/25/2004 Mexico Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Gyrfalcon 14 years 08 months 1/18/2003 Wisconsin After Third Year Male 2/1/2015 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gyrfalcon 13 years 06 months 4/24/1989 South Dakota Second Year Female 12/31/2001 South Dakota Found dead. Dead/Unknown Gyrfalcon 5 years 05 months 12/26/1997 Idaho Second Year Female 11/20/2001 Idaho Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Peregrine Falcon 19 years 09 months 6/4/1992 Minnesota Local Unknown 3/25/2012 Minnesota Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Peregrine Falcon 19 years 06 months 10/3/1989 Texas Hatching Year Female 12/3/2008 Nicaragua Caught due to striking or being struck by: moving farm machinery. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Peregrine Falcon 19 years 03 months 7/30/1981 Alaska Local Unknown 9/10/2000 California Caught by or due to: miscellaneous animal. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Peregrine Falcon 16 years 10 months 6/26/1978 Virginia Hatching Year Male 4/3/1995 Virginia Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Peregrine Falcon 13 years 03 months 10/6/1977 Texas Hatching Year Female 9/27/1990 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Prairie Falcon 17 years 03 months 6/14/1975 Alberta Local Male 9/23/1992 Montana Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Prairie Falcon 10 years 07 months 5/29/1975 Alberta After Second Year Female 1/2/1984 Alberta Found dead. Dead/Removed Prairie Falcon 8 years 06 months 4/22/1967 Colorado After Hatching Year Female 12/99/1974 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet 4 years 09 months 3/15/1979 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 83/99/1983 Arizona Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Left On Bird Caribbean Elaenia 13 years 07 months 1/17/1992 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/11/2005 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Olive-sided Flycatcher 11 years 01 months 7/13/1993 California After Hatching Year Unknown 7/30/2003 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Olive-sided Flycatcher 7 years 01 months 7/16/1977 California After Hatching Year Male 7/27/1983 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Olive-sided Flycatcher 5 years 11 months 6/8/1975 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/11/1980 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Wood-Pewee 8 years 01 months 7/24/1995 California After Hatching Year Female 7/2/2002 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Wood-Pewee 6 years 01 months 8/3/1969 Oregon After Hatching Year Unknown 7/5/1974 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Eastern Wood-Pewee 8 years 02 months 5/18/2003 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 8/15/2010 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Eastern Wood-Pewee 7 years 01 months 7/29/1965 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 7/15/1971 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 5 years 02 months 7/8/2006 New York After Second Year Female 8/25/2009 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-bellied Flycatcher 4 years 00 months 6/12/1995 Maine After Hatching Year Unknown 6/2/1998 Maine Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Acadian Flycatcher 12 years 01 months 5/4/1996 Louisiana After Hatching Year Female 7/10/2007 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Acadian Flycatcher 10 years 11 months 6/18/1962 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 5/29/1972 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Alder Flycatcher 9 years 01 months 8/1/2001 British Columbia After Hatching Year Unknown 7/16/2009 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Alder Flycatcher 8 years 01 months 6/13/1994 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 7/23/2001 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Alder Flycatcher 7 years 02 months 5/24/2000 Ohio After Hatching Year Unknown 8/20/2006 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Removed Alder Flycatcher 7 years 01 months 7/27/1996 Alberta After Hatching Year Unknown 7/28/2002 Alberta Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Willow Flycatcher 11 years 00 months 7/29/2001 California After Second Year Female 6/25/2010 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Willow Flycatcher 10 years 01 months 7/29/2001 California After Second Year Female 7/4/2009 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Willow Flycatcher 9 years 00 months 6/22/1996 British Columbia After Hatching Year Unknown 6/15/2004 British Columbia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Least Flycatcher 8 years 00 months 7/6/1977 Virginia Local Unknown 6/20/1985 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Least Flycatcher 5 years 11 months 5/31/1933 New Hampshire After Hatching Year Female 5/17/1938 New Hampshire Found dead. Dead/Unknown Hammond's Flycatcher 7 years 00 months 7/13/1992 Oregon After Hatching Year Female 6/21/1998 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Dusky Flycatcher 8 years 02 months 7/28/1976 California After Hatching Year Female 8/2/1983 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Flycatcher 6 years 11 months 8/24/1992 California Hatching Year Unknown 5/27/1999 Oregon Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Unknown Western Flycatcher 6 years 09 months 7/5/1983 California After Hatching Year Unknown 3/24/1989 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Flycatcher 6 years 00 months 7/14/1972 California After Hatching Year Female 6/20/1977 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Phoebe 8 years 00 months 5/5/1974 California After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/6/1981 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Phoebe 3 years 01 months 5/14/1975 California Local Unknown 6/15/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Eastern Phoebe 10 years 04 months 10/10/1979 Iowa Hatching Year Unknown 10/15/1989 Alberta Found dead. Dead/Removed Vermilion Flycatcher 4 years 06 months 10/17/1968 Mexico After Hatching Year Male 92/99/1972 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Ash-throated Flycatcher 11 years 11 months 4/23/1997 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/22/2008 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ash-throated Flycatcher 9 years 00 months 5/25/1975 California After Hatching Year Male, sexed upon recapture 06/99/1983 California Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ash-throated Flycatcher 4 years 11 months 5/9/1972 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/9/1976 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Crested Flycatcher 14 years 11 months 8/24/1953 New Jersey After Hatching Year Unknown 5/30/1967 Vermont Found dead. Dead/Unknown Brown-crested Flycatcher 11 years 00 months 5/17/1979 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 6/15/1989 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown-crested Flycatcher 7 years 01 months 5/16/1959 Arizona Unknown Unknown 6/1/1966 Arizona Found dead. Dead/Removed Puerto Rican Flycatcher 13 years 07 months 1/12/1992 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/11/2005 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great Kiskadee 6 years 11 months 3/8/1997 Texas After Second Year Male 5/14/2002 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Western Kingbird 6 years 11 months 5/26/1935 South Dakota After Hatching Year Unknown 5/30/1941 South Dakota Shot. Dead/Unknown Eastern Kingbird 10 years 01 months 7/18/1998 New York Second Year Female 7/21/2007 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Eastern Kingbird 9 years 11 months 7/13/1943 Wisconsin Hatching Year Unknown 5/22/1953 Wisconsin Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Unknown Loggerhead Shrike 11 years 09 months 6/24/1998 California Local Male, sexed upon recapture 3/30/2010 California Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Removed Loggerhead Shrike 9 years 04 months 11/5/1972 Wisconsin Unknown Unknown 10/15/1981 Wisconsin Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Left On Bird Loggerhead Shrike 6 years 01 months 8/23/1931 California After Hatching Year Unknown 07/99/1936 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Northern Shrike 8 years 07 months 3/17/2006 Wisconsin After Second Year Female 1/8/2013 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Shrike 6 years 08 months 3/17/2006 Wisconsin After Second Year Female 2/27/2011 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Shrike 3 years 03 months 1/15/1973 Wisconsin After Second Year Unknown 9/16/1974 Michigan Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed White-eyed Vireo 10 years 11 months 5/27/1998 Louisiana After Second Year Male 5/29/2007 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-eyed Vireo 9 years 00 months 6/22/1995 Ohio After Hatching Year Female 6/4/2003 Ohio Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-eyed Vireo 7 years 11 months 9/4/1995 Maryland Hatching Year Unknown 5/3/2003 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Puerto Rican Vireo 16 years 10 months 1/27/1981 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 4/8/1997 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Puerto Rican Vireo 12 years 10 months 1/27/1981 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 4/7/1993 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bell's Vireo 8 years 02 months 5/1/1992 California Local Unknown 07/99/2000 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bell's Vireo 7 years 00 months 6/28/1990 Arizona Hatching Year Unknown 6/4/1997 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Least Bell's Vireo 9 years 01 months 6/13/1999 California Hatching Year Unknown 7/10/2008 California Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-capped Vireo 12 years 00 months 7/9/1998 Texas After Second Year Male 6/23/2008 Texas Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-capped Vireo 8 years 00 months 6/9/2001 Texas After Hatching Year Female 6/22/2008 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Plumbeous Vireo 5 years 00 months 6/11/1998 New Mexico After Hatching Year Unknown 6/25/2002 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Blue-headed Vireo 6 years 05 months 5/15/1962 Ontario Unknown Unknown 11/1/1968 Guatemala Shot. Dead/Unknown Hutton's Vireo 13 years 06 months 6/16/1993 California Hatching Year Unknown 12/7/2006 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hutton's Vireo 6 years 06 months 6/15/1977 California Hatching Year Unknown 12/31/1983 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Warbling Vireo 13 years 01 months 6/16/1966 California After Hatching Year Male 7/16/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Philadelphia Vireo 8 years 10 months 8/28/1962 Ontario After Hatching Year Unknown 4/13/1970 Guatemala Shot. Dead/Removed Red-eyed Vireo 10 years 11 months 6/3/2003 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 5/28/2013 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-eyed Vireo 10 years 02 months 8/25/1997 Michigan Hatching Year Unknown 8/30/2007 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray Jay 17 years 02 months 8/16/1985 Colorado Unknown Unknown 8/30/2002 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray Jay 12 years 02 months 8/25/1982 Colorado Unknown Unknown 8/20/1994 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Green Jay 11 years 07 months 3/7/1997 Texas After Second Year Unknown 01/99/2007 Texas Found dead. Dead/Unknown Green Jay 10 years 08 months 3/6/1960 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 2/3/1970 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Green Jay 10 years 00 months 11/30/1972 Texas Unknown Unknown 6/15/1982 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pinyon Jay 14 years 07 months 5/23/1972 Arizona After Second Year Male 1/28/1985 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Pinyon Jay 11 years 00 months 3/8/1972 Arizona After Second Year Female 6/8/1981 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Pinyon Jay 9 years 07 months 2/25/1972 Arizona After Second Year Female 1/3/1980 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Pinyon Jay 8 years 09 months 9/5/1972 Arizona After Second Year Female 3/28/1979 Arizona Shot. Dead/Left On Bird Pinyon Jay 6 years 10 months 9/22/1971 South Dakota Unknown Unknown 4/11/1978 South Dakota Found dead. Dead/Removed Steller's Jay 16 years 01 months 9/23/1972 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 7/30/1987 Alaska Found dead. Dead/Removed Steller's Jay 11 years 00 months 7/5/1966 California After Hatching Year Male 6/27/1976 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Jay 17 years 06 months 8/27/1971 Ohio Hatching Year Unknown 12/4/1988 Ohio Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Jay 16 years 04 months 9/21/1965 New York Unknown Unknown 10/99/1981 New York Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Jay 16 years 01 months 6/27/1959 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 07/99/1974 Florida Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Blue Jay 15 years 00 months 6/7/1959 Florida Unknown Unknown 6/23/1974 Florida Found dead. Dead/Removed Blue Jay 14 years 06 months 7/24/1957 Pennsylvania Hatching Year Unknown 12/16/1971 Pennsylvania Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Florida Scrub-Jay 15 years 00 months 5/27/1975 Florida Local Female, sexed upon recapture 5/30/1990 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Florida Scrub-Jay 12 years 03 months 4/23/1984 Florida Local Female, sexed upon recapture 7/11/1996 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Western Scrub-Jay 15 years 09 months 6/24/1932 California Hatching Year Unknown 3/18/1948 California Caught due to disease. Dead/Unknown Western Scrub-Jay 11 years 11 months 8/2/1982 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/28/1993 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Mexican Jay 17 years 08 months 5/31/1969 Arizona Local Male, sexed upon recapture 01/99/1987 Arizona Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mexican Jay 12 years 07 months 1/29/1970 Arizona After Second Year Male, sexed upon recapture 1/16/1981 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Mexican Jay 6 years 09 months 5/13/1972 Arizona Local Female, sexed upon recapture 3/29/1979 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Clark's Nutcracker 17 years 05 months 8/4/1952 Oregon Hatching Year Unknown 11/13/1969 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black-billed Magpie 9 years 04 months 5/21/1992 Idaho Local Unknown 9/28/2001 Idaho Found dead. Dead/Unknown Black-billed Magpie 5 years 11 months 11/7/1982 Washington Unknown Unknown 5/20/1988 Washington Caught due to: entanglement in anything other than fishing gear, e.g., in wire, string, vines, fence, shrubs, etc. Dead/Removed Black-billed Magpie 5 years 07 months 5/30/1974 Colorado Local Unknown 12/99/1979 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-billed Magpie 5 years 00 months 6/23/1967 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 6/20/1972 Saskatchewan Shot. Dead/Removed Yellow-billed Magpie 9 years 11 months 2/21/1970 California After Second Year Female 5/19/1978 California Found dead. Dead/Removed American Crow 16 years 04 months 5/24/1993 New York Local Unknown 9/26/2009 New York Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Crow 13 years 09 months 4/16/1924 Manitoba Unknown Unknown 1/13/1938 South Dakota Shot. Dead/Unknown Northwestern Crow 16 years 08 months 6/6/1979 British Columbia Local Unknown 2/29/1996 British Columbia Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northwestern Crow 12 years 10 months 1/27/1933 British Columbia After Hatching Year Unknown 4/15/1945 British Columbia Shot. Dead/Unknown Fish Crow 13 years 09 months 3/31/1922 Louisiana Unknown Unknown 12/99/1935 Louisiana Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Unknown Chihuahuan Raven 21 years 09 months 12/24/1980 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 3/3/2001 Arizona Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chihuahuan Raven 12 years 06 months 11/13/1931 Texas Unknown Unknown 12/14/1943 Texas Shot. Dead/Unknown Common Raven 22 years 07 months 7/31/1978 Nova Scotia Hatching Year Unknown 99/99/2001 Nova Scotia Found dead. Dead/Unknown Common Raven 13 years 09 months 6/3/1999 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Local Male 3/29/2013 Newfoundland and Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Raven 13 years 04 months 2/5/1967 Nova Scotia After Hatching Year Unknown 10/9/1979 Nova Scotia Found dead. Dead/Removed Common Raven 12 years 06 months 12/2/1967 Nova Scotia Unknown Unknown 12/30/1979 Nova Scotia Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Common Raven 11 years 10 months 3/27/1967 Nova Scotia After Hatching Year Unknown 4/18/1978 Nova Scotia Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Common Raven 11 years 02 months 3/12/1967 Nova Scotia After Hatching Year Unknown 8/13/1977 Nova Scotia Found dead. Dead/Removed Common Raven 10 years 10 months 2/18/1968 Nova Scotia After Hatching Year Unknown 4/19/1978 Nova Scotia Shot. Dead/Removed Hawaii Elepaio 17 years 10 months 6/26/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Female 4/30/2004 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaii Elepaio 11 years 08 months 6/2/1993 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Unknown Unknown 2/26/2005 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Horned Lark 7 years 11 months 8/2/1976 Colorado After Hatching Year Male 5/26/1983 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Horned Lark 7 years 01 months 6/20/1972 Colorado After Hatching Year Male 7/14/1978 Colorado Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Purple Martin 13 years 09 months 7/1/1933 Illinois Hatching Year Unknown 83/99/1947 Illinois Found dead. Dead/Unknown Tree Swallow 12 years 01 months 6/14/1986 Ontario Local Unknown 7/3/1998 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Tree Swallow 11 years 00 months 6/17/1970 Ontario Second Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/15/1980 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Tree Swallow 9 years 00 months 6/27/1973 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Female 6/2/1981 Saskatchewan Found dead. Dead/Removed Tree Swallow 8 years 00 months 6/17/1970 New York Local Unknown 6/2/1978 New York Caught or observed at or in nest. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Violet-green Swallow 9 years 01 months 5/7/1985 California After Hatching Year Male 7/17/1993 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Violet-green Swallow 6 years 10 months 6/6/1971 California After Hatching Year Male 4/3/1977 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Rough-winged Swallow 5 years 11 months 5/27/1983 California After Hatching Year Male 5/19/1988 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bank Swallow 8 years 00 months 6/13/1961 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Unknown 6/15/1968 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cliff Swallow 11 years 10 months 7/3/1993 Nebraska After Hatching Year Male 4/29/2004 California Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cliff Swallow 11 years 01 months 6/20/1984 Indiana After Hatching Year Male 7/14/1994 Indiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cliff Swallow 11 years 00 months 6/24/1983 Iowa After Hatching Year Female 6/4/1993 Iowa Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cliff Swallow 10 years 01 months 5/26/1974 Texas Local Unknown 6/4/1984 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cliff Swallow 9 years 00 months 6/22/1963 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Male 6/14/1971 Massachusetts Found dead. Dead/Removed Cave Swallow 12 years 02 months 10/21/1993 New Mexico Hatching Year Unknown 8/11/2005 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cave Swallow 4 years 09 months 7/10/1980 New Mexico After Hatching Year Unknown 3/14/1984 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Barn Swallow 10 years 00 months 5/3/2006 Maryland After Hatching Year Female 6/6/2015 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Barn Swallow 8 years 01 months 7/1/1935 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Female 7/13/1942 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Barn Swallow 8 years 00 months 6/16/1936 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Male 6/19/1943 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Carolina Chickadee 10 years 08 months 11/4/1963 West Virginia Unknown Unknown 2/8/1974 West Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-capped Chickadee 11 years 06 months 5/5/2002 Minnesota After Second Year Male 12/9/2011 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-capped Chickadee 11 years 02 months 7/22/1970 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Male 8/28/1980 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-capped Chickadee 7 years 01 months 10/9/1984 South Dakota Unknown Unknown 7/28/1991 South Dakota Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Mountain Chickadee 10 years 01 months 5/13/1965 Utah After Hatching Year Male 7/6/1974 Utah Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chestnut-backed Chickadee 9 years 06 months 7/12/1992 California Hatching Year Unknown 12/31/2001 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chestnut-backed Chickadee 7 years 09 months 8/3/1969 California Hatching Year Unknown 3/11/1977 California Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Unknown Boreal Chickadee 5 years 04 months 10/29/1994 Nova Scotia Unknown Unknown 10/21/1999 Nova Scotia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Boreal Chickadee 4 years 08 months 8/19/1979 Alaska Hatching Year Unknown 2/15/1984 Alaska Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Left On Bird Bridled Titmouse 6 years 07 months 8/3/1968 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 1/13/1974 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Oak Titmouse 9 years 00 months 8/26/1956 California After Hatching Year Unknown 6/4/1964 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Oak Titmouse 8 years 05 months 10/26/1956 California After Hatching Year Unknown 11/26/1963 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Juniper Titmouse 4 years 02 months 6/17/2008 New Mexico After Hatching Year Female 8/8/2011 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Tufted Titmouse 12 years 05 months 4/19/1962 Virginia Unknown Unknown 9/10/1974 Virginia Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Black-crested Titmouse 5 years 01 months 7/21/2011 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 7/8/2015 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-crested Titmouse 4 years 09 months 2/20/1963 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 3/6/1967 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bushtit 9 years 01 months 6/4/2000 California After Hatching Year Female 7/3/2008 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bushtit 8 years 10 months 4/15/1994 California After Hatching Year Male 4/12/2002 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bushtit 8 years 05 months 6/10/1969 California Hatching Year Male 11/20/1977 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bushtit 7 years 07 months 6/9/1970 California Hatching Year Unknown 1/7/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Bushtit 6 years 07 months 7/25/1971 California Hatching Year Female 1/26/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red-breasted Nuthatch 6 years 06 months 12/20/2006 Wisconsin Hatching Year Male 12/5/2012 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-breasted Nuthatch 5 years 08 months 3/28/1942 Vermont After Hatching Year Unknown 2/14/1947 Vermont Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown White-breasted Nuthatch 9 years 09 months 1/28/1962 Colorado After Hatching Year Unknown 3/31/1971 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Brown-headed Nuthatch 5 years 09 months 12/29/1954 Alabama Unknown Unknown 3/26/1960 Alabama Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Brown Creeper 5 years 05 months 10/8/2005 Illinois Hatching Year Unknown 11/6/2010 Illinois Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown Creeper 4 years 05 months 10/8/2005 Illinois Hatching Year Unknown 11/7/2009 Illinois Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Canyon Wren 4 years 10 months 10/30/2011 Arizona After Hatching Year Female 4/5/2015 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird House Wren 9 years 00 months 6/19/1984 New York Local Unknown 6/17/1993 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird House Wren 7 years 01 months 5/8/1965 Michigan After Hatching Year Unknown 7/3/1971 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Winter Wren 6 years 06 months 5/1/2003 California After Hatching Year Female 12/16/2008 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Winter Wren 4 years 01 months 8/28/1966 California Unknown Unknown 7/20/1970 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Carolina Wren 7 years 08 months 9/7/1997 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 2/19/2004 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Carolina Wren 6 years 02 months 2/4/1987 North Carolina After Hatching Year Unknown 8/9/1992 North Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Carolina Wren 6 years 01 months 3/27/1941 Arkansas After Hatching Year Male 7/15/1946 Arkansas Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bewick's Wren 8 years 00 months 7/2/1978 California Hatching Year Unknown 6/11/1986 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cactus Wren 6 years 04 months 7/17/1968 Arizona Unknown Unknown 10/20/1974 Arizona Drowned. Dead/Removed Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 4 years 02 months 5/2/1970 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Male 8/24/1973 Pennsylvania Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Dipper 8 years 01 months 4/19/2005 South Dakota After Hatching Year Female 7/4/2012 South Dakota Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Dipper 7 years 03 months 4/19/2005 South Dakota After Hatching Year Female 9/11/2011 South Dakota Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Dipper 7 years 02 months 8/27/1988 California After Hatching Year Female 8/28/1994 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Dipper 5 years 01 months 7/6/1954 Colorado After Hatching Year Unknown 7/18/1958 Colorado Caught or observed at or in nest. Unknown/Unknown Red-whiskered Bulbul 4 years 00 months 3/6/1965 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 6/5/1968 Florida Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Removed Golden-crowned Kinglet 6 years 04 months 10/20/1971 Minnesota After Hatching Year Male 10/6/1976 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ruby-crowned Kinglet 4 years 07 months 1/7/2003 California Second Year Female 1/5/2007 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Arctic Warbler 3 years 01 months 6/18/1965 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 7/15/1967 Alaska Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Removed Wrentit 13 years 05 months 4/27/2002 California After Hatching Year Unknown 11/8/2014 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wrentit 11 years 11 months 2/9/1942 California Unknown Unknown 1/27/1954 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Japanese White-eye 8 years 09 months 7/9/2005 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 3/4/2013 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Millerbird 4 years 02 months 9/24/1964 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Unknown Unknown 8/25/1968 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Eastern Bluebird 10 years 06 months 5/23/1989 New York Local Unknown 11/30/1999 South Carolina Found dead. Dead/Unknown Eastern Bluebird 8 years 00 months 8/30/1966 North Carolina Hatching Year Unknown 6/5/1974 North Carolina Found dead. Dead/Unknown Western Bluebird 8 years 08 months 4/29/2001 California After Second Year Male 2/21/2008 California Caught due to: injury Dead/Left On Bird Western Bluebird 8 years 03 months 5/20/1997 Oregon Local Unknown 8/1/2005 Oregon Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Bluebird 6 years 00 months 7/11/1994 Oregon Local Unknown 6/14/2000 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Bluebird 4 years 03 months 2/1/1931 California After Hatching Year Male 9/27/1934 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Mountain Bluebird 9 years 00 months 6/15/1997 Alberta After Hatching Year Female 6/6/2005 Alberta Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mountain Bluebird 5 years 11 months 6/1/1985 Colorado After Hatching Year Female 5/12/1990 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mountain Bluebird 5 years 00 months 5/27/1983 Alberta After Hatching Year Female 6/8/1987 Alberta Caught or observed at or in nest. Unknown/Left On Bird Mountain Bluebird 4 years 11 months 6/14/1983 Alberta Local Unknown 5/18/1988 Alberta Caught by or due to: miscellaneous animal. Dead/Unknown Mountain Bluebird 4 years 11 months 6/20/1982 Idaho Local Unknown 5/2/1987 Idaho Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mountain Bluebird 4 years 10 months 7/8/1970 Manitoba Local Unknown 4/3/1975 North Dakota Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Veery 13 years 00 months 6/6/1999 Delaware After Second Year Male 6/11/2010 Delaware Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Veery 10 years 01 months 7/3/1980 New Jersey After Hatching Year Female 7/2/1989 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Veery 8 years 11 months 9/2/1963 New Jersey Hatching Year Unknown 5/15/1972 New Jersey Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Removed Gray-cheeked Thrush 6 years 11 months 10/18/1999 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 5/26/2005 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bicknell's Thrush 11 years 11 months 7/23/1997 Vermont Second Year Male 5/30/2008 Vermont Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Thrush 12 years 01 months 8/5/1994 Montana Hatching Year Unknown 7/15/2006 Montana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Thrush 10 years 01 months 6/30/1968 California After Hatching Year Female 7/3/1977 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hermit Thrush 10 years 10 months 3/9/1999 Maryland Second Year Unknown 4/12/2009 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hermit Thrush 9 years 09 months 3/9/1999 Maryland Second Year Unknown 3/16/2008 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hermit Thrush 9 years 08 months 11/22/1933 California After Hatching Year Unknown 2/19/1942 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Hermit Thrush 9 years 05 months 11/21/1994 California Unknown Unknown 11/25/2003 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wood Thrush 10 years 02 months 6/13/2002 Connecticut After Second Year Male 8/4/2010 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Wood Thrush 8 years 11 months 5/24/1963 New York After Hatching Year Unknown 5/8/1971 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Wood Thrush 8 years 11 months 5/30/1995 Michigan After Hatching Year Unknown 5/6/2003 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Clay-colored Thrush 5 months 3/9/2008 Texas After Second Year Male, sexed upon recapture 6/6/2011 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Clay-colored Thrush 5 years 07 months 3/9/2008 Texas After Second Year Male, sexed upon recapture 1/29/2012 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Robin 13 years 11 months 1/11/1962 California After Hatching Year Male 5/26/1975 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Red-legged Thrush 14 years 07 months 1/18/1992 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/8/2006 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Varied Thrush 4 years 09 months 1/19/1978 California After Hatching Year Male 3/3/1982 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Varied Thrush 3 years 07 months 2/12/1932 British Columbia After Hatching Year Unknown 1/20/1935 Washington Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Gray Catbird 17 years 11 months 5/13/1984 Maryland Second Year Unknown 5/4/2001 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray Catbird 11 years 11 months 9/28/1977 New Jersey Hatching Year Unknown 5/15/1989 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray Catbird 9 years 11 months 8/28/1975 New York Hatching Year Unknown 5/11/1985 New York Found dead. Dead/Removed Pearly-eyed Thrasher 10 years 07 months 1/6/1989 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/28/1999 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Curve-billed Thrasher 10 years 09 months 2/3/1936 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 3/30/1946 Arizona Found dead. Dead/Unknown Brown Thrasher 10 years 11 months 10/4/1967 Florida Unknown Unknown 5/6/1978 Florida Found dead. Dead/Unknown Long-billed Thrasher 8 years 08 months 2/13/2006 Texas After Second Year Unknown 2/10/2013 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Long-billed Thrasher 7 years 09 months 4/19/1994 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 3/12/2001 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Long-billed Thrasher 7 years 03 months 8/24/1959 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 9/30/1965 Texas Found dead. Dead/Unknown Bendire's Thrasher 9 years 06 months 9/3/2001 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 12/10/2009 Arizona Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bendire's Thrasher 4 years 02 months 10/3/1944 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 8/16/1947 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown California Thrasher 9 years 02 months 6/11/2005 California After Hatching Year Unknown 8/17/2013 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Thrasher 7 years 01 months 9/30/2006 California Hatching Year Unknown 7/2/2013 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed California Thrasher 6 years 11 months 1/12/1938 California After Hatching Year Unknown 5/11/1944 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Le Conte's Thrasher 5 years 08 months 2/1/1969 California After Hatching Year Male 2/10/1974 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Crissal Thrasher 4 years 05 months 7/27/1941 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 11/6/1944 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Northern Mockingbird 14 years 10 months 5/1/1986 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 4/22/2000 Texas Found dead. Dead/Unknown Northern Mockingbird 10 years 02 months 3/23/1937 California After Hatching Year Unknown 8/22/1946 California Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Unknown Northern Mockingbird 9 years 08 months 5/2/1984 Florida After Hatching Year Female 2/18/1993 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird European Starling 15 years 03 months 2/18/1958 Tennessee After Hatching Year Male 93/99/1972 Tennessee Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Dead/Removed European Starling 14 years 08 months 3/11/1951 Quebec After Hatching Year Unknown 02/99/1965 Quebec Found dead. Dead/Removed American Pipit 4 years 01 months 6/29/1939 New Hampshire Unknown Female 7/2/1943 New Hampshire Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Bohemian Waxwing 5 years 10 months 2/19/1968 Saskatchewan After Hatching Year Unknown 04/99/1973 British Columbia Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Removed Cedar Waxwing 7 years 01 months 8/12/2008 Maryland Second Year Male 8/14/2014 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cedar Waxwing 7 years 00 months 7/5/1964 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Unknown 6/16/1970 Michigan Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Lapland Longspur 5 years 00 months 7/15/1963 Alaska Local Unknown 6/3/1968 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Snow Bunting 8 years 09 months 12/27/1970 Alaska Unknown Male 3/19/1979 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird McKay's Bunting 4 years 09 months 3/1/1972 Alaska After Hatching Year Female 3/23/1976 Alaska Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Removed Ovenbird 11 years 00 months 7/31/1988 Connecticut Hatching Year Unknown 6/12/1999 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Ovenbird 9 years 00 months 8/9/1952 New York Unknown Unknown 6/25/1961 New York Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Dead/Removed Ovenbird 8 years 10 months 5/4/1969 Rhode Island After Hatching Year Unknown 4/30/1977 Virginia Found dead. Dead/Removed Worm-eating Warbler 8 years 01 months 6/3/1985 Connecticut After Hatching Year Male 7/16/1992 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Worm-eating Warbler 7 years 01 months 7/6/1972 West Virginia After Hatching Year Unknown 7/12/1978 West Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Louisiana Waterthrush 11 years 11 months 5/5/1995 New Jersey After Hatching Year Male 5/1/2006 New Jersey Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Louisiana Waterthrush 7 years 11 months 5/12/1973 Tennessee After Hatching Year Male 5/10/1980 Tennessee Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Louisiana Waterthrush 7 years 11 months 6/22/1968 Tennessee Hatching Year Unknown 5/8/1976 Tennessee Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Louisiana Waterthrush 7 years 10 months 4/28/1974 Tennessee After Hatching Year Unknown 4/19/1981 Tennessee Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Waterthrush 8 years 11 months 8/21/1978 Ontario Hatching Year Unknown 5/11/1987 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden-winged Warbler 9 years 00 months 5/10/2005 Ontario After Second Year Male 06/99/2012 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden-winged Warbler 7 years 00 months 7/1/1987 Minnesota After Hatching Year Male 6/28/1993 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden-winged Warbler 7 years 00 months 6/28/1991 Minnesota After Hatching Year Male 6/6/1997 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue-winged Warbler 9 years 00 months 6/3/1990 New Jersey After Hatching Year Male 6/6/1998 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue-winged Warbler 7 years 11 months 8/11/1960 New York After Hatching Year Unknown 5/21/1967 New York Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Removed Black-and-white Warbler 11 years 03 months 9/1/1957 North Carolina Unknown Female 9/21/1968 Pennsylvania Found dead. Dead/Removed Prothonotary Warbler 8 years 01 months 6/29/1999 Ontario After Second Year Male 7/6/2005 Ontario Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Prothonotary Warbler 4 years 11 months 6/16/1940 Michigan Juvenile Male 5/10/1945 Michigan Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Warbler 9 years 11 months 5/13/1999 South Carolina After Hatching Year Male 5/23/2008 South Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Warbler 8 years 00 months 6/3/1997 Louisiana After Hatching Year Male 6/3/2004 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swainson's Warbler 5 years 11 months 5/14/1960 Maryland After Hatching Year Unknown 5/8/1965 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Tennessee Warbler 4 years 07 months 5/16/1976 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Unknown 4/10/2008 Jamaica and Cayman Islands Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orange-crowned Warbler 8 years 07 months 10/24/1995 California Hatching Year Male 1/3/2004 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orange-crowned Warbler 8 years 06 months 11/2/1999 California Hatching Year Unknown 12/21/2007 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orange-crowned Warbler 8 years 05 months 10/24/1995 California Hatching Year Male 11/25/2003 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orange-crowned Warbler 8 years 03 months 8/19/1994 California Hatching Year Unknown 9/22/2002 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orange-crowned Warbler 6 years 00 months 9/28/1976 California Hatching Year Unknown 6/4/1982 Alaska Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Left On Bird Lucy's Warbler 5 years 10 months 4/10/1980 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 4/4/1985 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Nashville Warbler 10 years 02 months 8/28/1993 Ontario Hatching Year Male 8/1/2003 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Nashville Warbler 7 years 04 months 9/25/1988 Oklahoma After Hatching Year Unknown 10/24/1994 Illinois Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Nashville Warbler 7 years 03 months 9/8/1968 Maryland Hatching Year Female 09/99/1975 Ontario Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Virginia's Warbler 06 years 03 months 8/26/2002 Colorado Hatching Year Male 9/14/2008 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Virginia's Warbler 6 years 01 months 8/14/1995 Utah Hatching Year Unknown 7/28/2001 Utah Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Virginia's Warbler 5 years 01 months 8/1/1977 New Mexico Unknown Male, sexed upon recapture 7/29/1981 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Virginia's Warbler 3 years 03 months 9/5/1966 Colorado After Hatching Year Unknown 9/6/1968 Colorado Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Left On Bird Connecticut Warbler 4 years 03 months 9/11/1960 New Jersey Unknown Unknown 9/17/1964 Pennsylvania Found dead. Dead/Unknown MacGillivray's Warbler 10 years 11 months 7/9/2004 California After Second Year Male 5/10/2013 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird MacGillivray's Warbler 9 years 00 months 6/3/1996 Wyoming After Hatching Year Male 6/1/2004 Wyoming Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed MacGillivray's Warbler 7 years 02 months 6/29/1996 Utah Second Year Male 8/1/2002 Utah Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird MacGillivray's Warbler 6 years 00 months 7/3/1997 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 6/24/2002 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird MacGillivray's Warbler 5 years 11 months 5/24/1991 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 5/31/1996 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird MacGillivray's Warbler 4 years 01 months 7/5/1976 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 7/3/1979 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Mourning Warbler 5 years 11 months 5/22/1986 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Male 5/14/1991 Wisconsin Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Left On Bird Kentucky Warbler 6 years 11 months 5/9/1979 Maryland After Hatching Year Female 5/6/1985 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Yellowthroat 11 years 00 months 7/3/2004 Massachusetts Hatching Year Unknown 6/25/2015 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Yellowthroat 10 years 11 months 5/10/1985 New Jersey Second Year Male 5/20/1995 New Jersey Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Yellowthroat 8 years 11 months 8/21/1968 Rhode Island Hatching Year Male 5/18/1977 Rhode Island Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Yellowthroat 8 years 00 months 6/9/1972 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 6/6/1979 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Yellowthroat 6 years 11 months 10/3/1964 New Jersey Hatching Year Male 5/24/1971 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hooded Warbler 8 years 01 months 6/1/1997 Louisiana After Hatching Year Male 7/3/2004 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Redstart 10 years 01 months 5/26/1995 Ontario Second Year Male 7/6/2004 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Redstart 10 years 00 months 9/7/1964 Maryland Hatching Year Male 06/99/1974 Maine Caught by or due to: dog Unknown/Removed Kirtland's Warbler 9 years 00 months 6/17/1941 Michigan After Hatching Year Male 6/11/1949 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Cape May Warbler 4 years 03 months 5/15/1975 Ohio After Hatching Year Female 9/27/1978 Quebec Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Northern Parula 5 years 11 months 5/5/2010 Maryland After Second Year Female 5/5/2014 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Parula 5 years 10 months 1/20/2003 Jamaica and Cayman Islands After Hatching Year Unknown 4/10/2008 Jamaica and Cayman Islands Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Parula 4 years 11 months 5/21/1975 Maryland After Second Year Female 5/9/1978 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Magnolia Warbler 8 years 11 months 5/21/2005 Ontario Second Year Male 5/17/2013 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Magnolia Warbler 8 years 00 months 7/13/1993 Ontario Second Year Female 6/11/2000 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Magnolia Warbler 2 years 06 months 12/27/1971 Mexico Unknown Male 12/29/1973 Mexico Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Left On Bird Bay-breasted Warbler 4 years 11 months 9/18/1987 Maryland Hatching Year Unknown 5/14/1992 Ontario Found dead. Dead/Removed Bay-breasted Warbler 3 years 05 months 9/13/1982 Iowa After Hatching Year Female 11/4/1984 Panama Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed Blackburnian Warbler 8 years 02 months 9/11/1976 Minnesota Hatching Year Male, sexed upon recapture 8/3/1984 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blackburnian Warbler 3 years 01 months 6/3/1979 Minnesota After Hatching Year Male 7/3/1981 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow Warbler 11 years 00 months 6/11/2001 New York After Hatching Year Female 6/15/2011 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow Warbler 10 years 11 months 5/15/1970 New York After Hatching Year Male 5/16/1980 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow Warbler 9 years 11 months 8/15/1993 Colorado After Hatching Year Female 5/20/2002 Nebraska Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed Yellow Warbler 9 years 11 months 5/26/1988 Ontario Second Year Female 5/25/1997 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow Warbler 9 years 00 months 7/3/1984 Iowa After Hatching Year Male 6/30/1992 Iowa Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow Warbler 8 years 11 months 5/14/1966 Ontario After Hatching Year Male 5/4/1974 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow Warbler 7 years 02 months 5/23/1971 New York After Hatching Year Male 93/99/1977 New York Found dead. Dead/Removed Chestnut-sided Warbler 6 years 11 months 8/31/1973 Rhode Island Hatching Year Unknown 5/20/1980 Rhode Island Found dead. Dead/Unknown Blackpoll Warbler 8 years 01 months 8/2/1999 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 7/18/2006 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blackpoll Warbler 5 years 01 months 6/19/1994 Alaska After Hatching Year Male 7/8/1998 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blackpoll Warbler 4 years 03 months 9/20/1978 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Unknown 9/29/1981 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blackpoll Warbler 3 years 05 months 9/18/1963 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Female 11/4/1965 Rhode Island Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-throated Blue Warbler 9 years 08 months 8/24/1975 New Jersey Unknown Female 02/99/1985 Panama Shot. Dead/Unknown Black-throated Blue Warbler 8 years 00 months 9/19/1968 Maryland Hatching Year Female 06/99/1976 Cuba Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Unknown/Unknown Pine Warbler 7 years 10 months 4/14/2006 Florida After Hatching Year Female 4/5/2013 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pine Warbler 6 years 00 months 4/16/1926 Massachusetts Unknown Unknown 4/9/1932 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Myrtle Warbler 8 years 09 months 12/5/1982 Florida After Hatching Year Male 3/4/1990 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Myrtle Warbler 6 years 11 months 11/11/1965 Virginia Unknown Unknown 5/23/1972 West Virginia Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Audubon's Warbler 10 years 00 months 7/15/1998 Wyoming After Second Year Female 6/7/2006 Wyoming Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Yellow-throated Warbler 5 years 01 months 9/14/1981 Oklahoma Unknown Unknown 7/3/1986 Oklahoma Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Prairie Warbler 7 years 09 months 7/19/2006 Connecticut Second Year Male 9/12/2013 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Adelaide's Warbler 10 years 07 months 1/11/1992 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/6/2002 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Townsend's Warbler 10 years 08 months 3/27/1993 California After Second Year Male 2/2/2002 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Townsend's Warbler 3 years 07 months 10/20/1974 California Hatching Year Female 1/17/1978 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hermit Warbler 9 years 01 months 7/2/1998 California Second Year Female 7/17/2006 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden-cheeked Warbler 8 years 11 months 4/18/2006 Texas After Second Year 5/14/2013 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Golden-cheeked Warbler 4 years 00 months 6/23/1993 Texas Hatching Year Unknown 6/5/1997 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-throated Green Warbler 4 years 11 months 5/17/2000 Nova Scotia Second Year Male 5/17/2004 Nova Scotia Found dead. Dead/Removed Canada Warbler 8 years 00 months 6/29/1975 Quebec After Hatching Year Male 6/14/1982 Quebec Caught due to striking: stationary object other than wires or towers. Dead/Removed Canada Warbler 7 years 11 months 6/28/1964 New York After Hatching Year Female 5/25/1971 Ohio Found dead. Dead/Removed Wilson's Warbler 8 years 11 months 5/28/2000 California After Hatching Year Male 5/8/2008 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wilson's Warbler 7 years 04 months 5/9/2000 Ohio Second Year Male 10/15/2006 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wilson's Warbler 7 years 00 months 5/16/1993 California After Hatching Year Male 6/4/1999 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Wilson's Warbler 6 years 10 months 5/11/1967 California After Hatching Year Male 4/16/1973 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Painted Redstart 6 years 07 months 1/30/1975 Arizona After Hatching Year Male, sexed upon recapture 1/3/1981 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-breasted Chat 11 years 00 months 7/2/2006 Arizona After Second Year Female 6/13/2015 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Yellow-breasted Chat 8 years 11 months 8/6/2006 Colorado Second Year Male 5/6/2014 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bananaquit 8 years 07 months 1/5/2001 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Unknown 1/11/2009 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bananaquit 6 years 11 months 8/28/1990 Puerto Rico Unknown Unknown 5/27/1997 Puerto Rico Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Puerto Rican Tanager 4 years 00 months 12/19/1989 Puerto Rico Unknown Unknown 6/16/1993 Puerto Rico Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-collared Seedeater 11 years 08 months 3/8/1965 Belize After Hatching Year Female 2/13/1976 Belize Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Unknown Black-faced Grassquit 4 years 01 months 11/15/2007 Puerto Rico After Hatching Year Female 7/5/2010 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Puerto Rican Bullfinch 15 years 07 months 1/6/1994 Puerto Rico Second Year Unknown 1/8/2009 Puerto Rico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Olive Sparrow 8 years 03 months 4/12/1992 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 9/28/1999 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Olive Sparrow 6 years 11 months 4/5/1999 Texas After Hatching Year Male 5/6/2005 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Green-tailed Towhee 7 years 08 months 9/16/1972 Arizona Unknown Unknown 2/17/1980 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Spotted Towhee 11 years 00 months 5/7/2001 California After Second Year Male 6/2/2010 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Spotted Towhee 10 years 00 months 7/18/2000 Oregon Hatching Year Unknown 6/5/2010 Oregon Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Spotted Towhee 8 years 08 months 12/6/1967 Washington After Hatching Year Male 2/4/1975 Washington Found dead. Dead/Unknown Eastern Towhee 9 years 00 months 3/21/1937 South Carolina Unknown Unknown 3/3/1946 South Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Rufous-crowned Sparrow 5 years 01 months 7/26/2005 New Mexico After Hatching Year Male 7/28/2009 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Rufous-crowned Sparrow 4 years 02 months 11/6/1939 New Mexico After Hatching Year Unknown 8/8/1942 New Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Canyon Towhee 7 years 02 months 8/15/1992 Texas After Hatching Year Male 8/21/1998 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Canyon Towhee 6 years 10 months 3/24/1985 Arizona After Second Year Male 4/13/1990 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Towhee 12 years 10 months 7/12/1973 California After Second Year Male, sexed upon recapture 4/25/1986 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird California Towhee 10 years 01 months 5/21/1972 California After Hatching Year Male 7/4/1981 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Abert's Towhee 8 years 07 months 8/7/1939 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 1/24/1947 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Bachman's Sparrow 3 years 11 months 7/25/2005 Texas After Hatching Year Male 5/30/2008 Texas Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Tree Sparrow 10 years 09 months 1/29/1973 Connecticut After Hatching Year Unknown 3/31/1983 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chipping Sparrow 10 years 11 months 9/10/1987 Ontario Hatching Year Unknown 5/13/1998 Ontario Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chipping Sparrow 9 years 10 months 5/8/1997 New York After Hatching Year Male 4/20/2006 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Chipping Sparrow 9 years 09 months 83/99/1929 Georgia After Hatching Year Unknown 3/8/1938 Georgia Shot. Dead/Unknown Clay-colored Sparrow 6 years 11 months 5/23/1989 Alberta After Hatching Year Unknown 5/17/1995 Alberta Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Clay-colored Sparrow 5 years 01 months 7/30/1946 North Dakota Juvenile Unknown 7/20/1951 North Dakota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Brewer's Sparrow 5 years 02 months 8/4/1981 Colorado After Hatching Year Unknown 8/28/1985 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Field Sparrow 10 years 04 months 4/5/1999 Maryland After Second Year Unknown 10/24/2007 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Field Sparrow 8 years 09 months 11/17/1979 South Carolina Hatching Year Unknown 3/4/1988 South Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Field Sparrow 7 years 09 months 12/20/1972 North Carolina Unknown Unknown 3/1/1980 North Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Vesper Sparrow 7 years 01 months 6/29/1980 Colorado After Hatching Year Male 7/24/1986 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lark Sparrow 5 years 10 months 4/16/1988 California After Hatching Year Female 4/17/1993 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-throated Sparrow 6 years 00 months 3/15/1979 Arizona After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/6/1984 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-throated Sparrow 4 years 07 months 2/21/1979 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 1/2/1983 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bell's Sparrow 9 years 03 months 4/21/2001 California Local Male, sexed upon recapture 7/7/2010 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - In Captivity/Unknown Lark Bunting 4 years 10 months 12/13/1969 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 4/10/1973 Arizona Found dead. Dead/Unknown Lark Bunting 4 years 00 months 6/23/1972 Colorado After Hatching Year Male 6/10/1975 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Savannah Sparrow 6 years 10 months 5/9/1939 Michigan After Hatching Year Unknown 4/18/1945 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Grasshopper Sparrow 9 years 01 months 6/21/2000 Maryland Local Unknown 7/6/2009 Maryland Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Grasshopper Sparrow 7 years 01 months 6/8/1999 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 7/6/2005 Maryland Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Grasshopper Sparrow 4 years 08 months 3/13/1999 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 2/7/2003 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Grasshopper Sparrow 3 years 01 months 9/16/1951 Nebraska Hatching Year Unknown 7/25/1954 Nebraska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Baird's Sparrow 4 years 07 months 1/27/1999 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 1/18/2003 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Henslow's Sparrow 6 years 06 months 12/10/1996 Louisiana After Hatching Year Unknown 12/12/2001 Louisiana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Le Conte's Sparrow 4 years 01 months 8/5/2003 Michigan Hatching Year Unknown 7/9/2007 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Nelson's Sparrow 7 years 01 months 7/12/2001 Maine After Hatching Year Male 7/2/2007 Maine Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Saltmarsh Sparrow 7 years 11 months 6/24/2004 Rhode Island After Hatching Year Male 5/26/2011 Rhode Island Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Saltmarsh Sparrow 5 years 02 months 7/16/2007 Rhode Island After Hatching Year Male 8/1/2011 Rhode Island Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Seaside Sparrow 10 years 00 months 3/24/2005 South Carolina After Hatching Year Male 6/20/2014 South Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Seaside Sparrow 8 years 11 months 5/21/1979 Florida After Hatching Year Unknown 5/30/1987 Florida Banding Mortality: due to trap, holding device, or handling. Dead/Left On Bird Seaside Sparrow 8 years 03 months 5/11/1972 Florida After Hatching Year Male 9/7/1979 Florida Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird Fox Sparrow 10 years 04 months 9/29/1993 California Hatching Year Unknown 10/23/2003 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Fox Sparrow 9 years 08 months 12/4/1966 California Hatching Year Unknown 2/18/1976 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Song Sparrow 11 years 04 months 10/7/1963 Colorado After Hatching Year Unknown 10/18/1973 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Lincoln's Sparrow 7 years 11 months 6/15/1995 Colorado After Hatching Year Male 5/17/2002 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lincoln's Sparrow 7 years 07 months 2/17/1977 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 1/5/1984 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swamp Sparrow 7 years 10 months 10/22/2003 Maryland Hatching Year Unknown 4/12/2011 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swamp Sparrow 7 years 09 months 10/22/2003 Maryland Hatching Year Unknown 3/2/2011 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swamp Sparrow 5 years 11 months 5/7/2001 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 5/17/2006 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swamp Sparrow 5 years 04 months 3/19/1994 Texas After Hatching Year Unknown 10/25/1998 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Swamp Sparrow 4 years 10 months 7/31/1925 Minnesota Hatching Year Unknown 4/23/1930 Minnesota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown White-throated Sparrow 14 years 11 months 9/11/1995 Alberta Hatching Year Unknown 5/17/2010 Alberta Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-throated Sparrow 9 years 11 months 7/16/1998 New York Hatching Year Unknown 05/99/2008 New York Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-throated Sparrow 9 years 08 months 3/23/1961 Virginia After Hatching Year Unknown 2/21/1970 Virginia Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Unknown White-throated Sparrow 8 years 04 months 11/7/1974 Virginia Unknown Unknown 10/10/1982 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Harris's Sparrow 11 years 08 months 4/24/1972 Kansas After Hatching Year Unknown 2/1/1983 Kansas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-crowned Sparrow 13 years 04 months 12/26/1929 California Hatching Year Unknown 10/21/1942 California Shot. Dead/Unknown Golden-crowned Sparrow 10 years 06 months 12/21/1961 California After Hatching Year Unknown 12/16/1970 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird White-winged Junco 7 years 06 months 12/8/1981 South Dakota Unknown Unknown 12/9/1988 South Dakota Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Unidentified Dark-eyed Junco 11 years 04 months 8/13/1991 West Virginia After Hatching Year Unknown 10/5/2001 West Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Unidentified Dark-eyed Junco 10 years 09 months 4/7/1931 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Male 3/5/1941 South Carolina Shot. Dead/Unknown Yellow-eyed Junco 6 years 07 months 3/27/1973 Arizona After Hatching Year Unknown 1/10/1979 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Summer Tanager 7 years 11 months 6/20/1979 Texas After Hatching Year Male 5/27/1986 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Summer Tanager 7 years 03 months 5/1/1982 Texas After Second Year Male 9/11/1987 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Summer Tanager 6 years 00 months 7/23/1979 Oklahoma After Hatching Year Male 6/10/1984 Oklahoma Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Scarlet Tanager 11 years 11 months 6/21/1990 Pennsylvania Second Year Male 5/22/2001 Texas Found dead. Dead/Removed Scarlet Tanager 10 years 01 months 5/9/1970 West Virginia After Second Year Male 7/12/1978 West Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Western Tanager 6 years 11 months 5/25/1965 Nevada After Hatching Year Male 5/19/1971 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Northern Cardinal 15 years 09 months 3/16/1956 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Female 3/17/1971 Pennsylvania Caught by hand. Dead/Unknown Northern Cardinal 15 years 08 months 7/26/1954 Virginia Hatching Year Female 2/23/1970 Virginia Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pyrrhuloxia 8 years 01 months 2/25/1982 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 7/13/1989 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pyrrhuloxia 5 years 09 months 9/28/1979 Arizona Unknown Male 3/7/1985 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Rose-breasted Grosbeak 12 years 11 months 5/11/1976 Maryland After Second Year Male 5/5/1987 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Rose-breasted Grosbeak 12 years 11 months 6/25/1972 Vermont After Hatching Year Male 5/13/1984 Vermont Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Rose-breasted Grosbeak 10 years 11 months 5/19/1956 New Jersey After Hatching Year Male 5/14/1966 New Jersey Found dead. Dead/Removed Black-headed Grosbeak 11 years 11 months 6/5/1994 Montana After Hatching Year Male 5/31/2005 Montana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black-headed Grosbeak 9 years 01 months 6/6/1934 California After Hatching Year Male 7/19/1942 California Miscellaneous. Method of recovery not covered by other codes. Unknown/Unknown Black-headed Grosbeak 8 years 01 months 7/19/1970 Colorado After Hatching Year Female 7/3/1977 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Blue Bunting 10 years 10 months 2/21/2002 Mexico Second Year Male 4/11/2012 Mexico Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Grosbeak 7 years 02 months 9/1/1996 Virginia After Hatching Year Male 8/24/2002 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Grosbeak 6 years 01 months 9/2/2004 Maryland Hatching Year Unknown 7/27/2010 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Blue Grosbeak 5 years 11 months 5/17/1952 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 5/7/1957 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Lazuli Bunting 9 years 11 months 5/26/1981 Idaho Second Year Male 5/14/1990 Idaho Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lazuli Bunting 8 years 11 months 5/14/1974 Utah After Hatching Year Male 5/21/1982 Utah Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lazuli Bunting 8 years 11 months 5/23/1975 Utah After Second Year Male 5/12/1982 Utah Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lazuli Bunting 5 years 11 months 5/10/1979 Utah After Hatching Year Male 5/25/1984 Utah Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Lazuli Bunting 5 years 02 months 6/8/1995 California After Hatching Year Female 8/8/1999 Idaho Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Lazuli Bunting 4 years 11 months 5/23/1975 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 5/18/1979 Utah Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Unknown Indigo Bunting 13 years 03 months 5/23/2001 Ohio Second Year Male 9/28/2013 Ohio Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Indigo Bunting 9 years 02 months 5/31/2000 Illinois After Second Year Female 8/26/2007 Illinois Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Indigo Bunting 8 years 03 months 8/28/2003 Michigan Second Year Male 9/29/2010 Michigan Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Indigo Bunting 8 years 01 months 6/26/2003 Maryland Second Year Male 7/21/2010 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Indigo Bunting 8 years 00 months 8/30/1962 West Virginia After Hatching Year Male 6/7/1969 West Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Painted Bunting 11 years 00 months 7/24/1999 Texas Hatching Year Male 6/18/2010 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Painted Bunting 10 years 10 months 7/29/2000 Texas After Hatching Year Male 4/25/2011 Texas Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Painted Bunting 10 years 06 months 1/30/1966 Florida Second Year Female 12/18/1975 Florida Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Painted Bunting 8 years 11 months 5/23/1993 Georgia After Second Year Male 5/30/2000 Georgia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Dickcissel 8 years 00 months 8/3/2005 Maryland Local Unknown 6/17/2013 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Dickcissel 4 years 10 months 8/3/2005 Maryland Local Unknown 6/28/2010 Maryland Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Dickcissel 4 years 00 months 6/5/1975 Kansas After Hatching Year Male 6/18/1978 Kansas Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Bobolink 8 years 01 months 6/16/1978 New York Local Unknown 7/10/1986 New York Sight record: band read by telescope or other means while bird was free. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bobolink 5 years 00 months 7/1/1967 Wisconsin Local Unknown 6/7/1972 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bobolink 5 years 00 months 6/19/1968 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Male 6/24/1972 Wisconsin Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-winged Blackbird 15 years 09 months 7/14/1967 New Jersey Local Unknown 3/8/1983 Michigan Caught due to: injury Alive - Released/Left On Bird Red-winged Blackbird 14 years 05 months 10/3/1935 New York Hatching Year Male 11/26/1949 North Carolina Shot. Dead/Unknown Tricolored Blackbird 13 years 03 months 9/23/1970 California Hatching Year Male 9/23/1983 California Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed Tricolored Blackbird 12 years 10 months 5/31/1949 California Local Unknown 3/19/1962 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Tricolored Blackbird 10 years 02 months 6/6/1968 California Local Unknown 8/1/1978 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Yellow-shouldered Blackbird 12 years 07 months 8/19/1991 Puerto Rico Local Unknown 1/26/2004 Puerto Rico Captured for Scientific Purposes (not collected). Status changed. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Eastern Meadowlark 8 years 08 months 6/14/1926 Pennsylvania Juvenile Unknown 2/16/1935 North Carolina Shot. Dead/Unknown Western Meadowlark 6 years 06 months 3/3/1960 Colorado After Hatching Year Unknown 12/3/1965 Colorado Found dead. Dead/Removed Yellow-headed Blackbird 11 years 08 months 6/20/1983 Saskatchewan Local Unknown 02/99/1995 Nebraska Found dead. Dead/Removed Yellow-headed Blackbird 10 years 11 months 8/19/1974 North Dakota After Hatching Year Male 5/1/1984 Mexico Shot. Dead/Removed Yellow-headed Blackbird 10 years 06 months 9/27/1965 California Hatching Year Male 12/22/1975 California Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird Rusty Blackbird 8 years 07 months 4/6/1931 Arkansas After Hatching Year Unknown 1/30/1939 Mississippi Shot. Dead/Unknown Brewer's Blackbird 12 years 06 months 5/7/1978 California After Hatching Year Male 12/15/1989 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Brewer's Blackbird 10 years 03 months 3/19/1942 California Unknown Male 6/20/1952 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown Common Grackle 23 years 01 months 10/1/1972 Minnesota After Hatching Year Male 7/7/1994 Minnesota Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Common Grackle 22 years 11 months 5/16/1983 Montana After Hatching Year Male 5/7/2005 Montana Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Common Grackle 20 years 01 months 4/23/1937 Illinois Unknown Male 5/5/1957 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Unknown Common Grackle 11 years 07 months 6/17/1967 North Dakota After Hatching Year Female 1/19/1978 Louisiana Found dead. Dead/Removed Boat-tailed Grackle 13 years 01 months 4/26/1990 South Carolina Local Female 5/5/2003 South Carolina Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Boat-tailed Grackle 11 years 11 months 6/10/1961 Maryland Local Unknown 5/14/1973 New Jersey Bird caught or found dead in building or enclosure. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Great-tailed Grackle 7 years 09 months 10/1/1974 Texas Hatching Year Male 3/4/1982 Texas Caught due to disease. Dead/Removed Bronzed Cowbird 8 years 00 months 6/1/2005 Texas After Hatching Year Male 6/24/2012 Texas Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Bronzed Cowbird 6 years 11 months 5/22/1960 Ontario After Hatching Year Male 5/12/1966 Ontario Shot. Dead/Removed Bronzed Cowbird 6 years 00 months 8/2/1987 Arizona After Hatching Year Female 6/20/1992 Arizona Found dead. Dead/Removed Bronzed Cowbird 4 years 01 months 5/11/1986 Arizona Second Year Male 7/22/1989 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bronzed Cowbird 3 years 07 months 7/25/1971 Texas After Hatching Year Male 1/15/1974 Mexico Caught due to: entanglement in anything other than fishing gear, e.g., in wire, string, vines, fence, shrubs, etc. Alive - In Captivity/Unknown Brown-headed Cowbird 16 years 11 months 5/30/1969 Wisconsin After Hatching Year Male 5/17/1985 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Brown-headed Cowbird 15 years 10 months 1/27/1964 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Male 4/20/1979 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Removed Orchard Oriole 11 years 00 months 5/4/2003 Maryland After Second Year Male 6/4/2012 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orchard Oriole 10 years 11 months 6/20/1994 Nebraska Second Year Male 5/21/2004 Nebraska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Orchard Oriole 8 years 04 months 5/21/1932 South Dakota Unknown Unknown 93/99/1940 South Dakota Found dead. Dead/Unknown Hooded Oriole 6 years 00 months 5/9/1967 California Second Year Male 6/28/1972 California Found dead. Dead/Removed Bullock's Oriole 8 years 11 months 5/20/2000 Colorado After Second Year Male 5/21/2007 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bullock's Oriole 7 years 00 months 6/26/1998 Utah Hatching Year Female 6/5/2005 Utah Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Left On Bird Bullock's Oriole 6 years 07 months 9/2/1979 New Mexico Hatching Year Male 1/22/1986 Mexico Caught by hand. Alive - Released/Left On Bird Bullock's Oriole 6 years 01 months 5/19/1971 Oregon After Hatching Year Male 7/1/1976 Oregon Found dead. Dead/Removed Jamaican Oriole 12 years 02 months 11/14/1966 Jamaica and Cayman Islands Unknown Unknown 08/99/1978 Jamaica and Cayman Islands Found dead. Dead/Removed Baltimore Oriole 12 years 00 months 7/28/1996 Minnesota After Hatching Year Unknown 82/99/2007 Minnesota Caught by or due to: hawks, owls, or other raptors. Dead/Removed Baltimore Oriole 11 years 07 months 12/31/1964 North Carolina Unknown Unknown 1/2/1976 North Carolina Found dead. Dead/Removed Scott's Oriole 6 years 05 months 11/16/1969 Arizona After Hatching Year Male 11/30/1974 Arizona Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch 6 years 07 months 12/6/1973 Alaska Unknown Female 1/17/1980 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Black Rosy-Finch 8 years 07 months 10/23/2000 Wyoming After Hatching Year Male 1/30/2008 Wyoming Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Black Rosy-Finch 5 years 08 months 12/31/1960 Utah Unknown Unknown 2/4/1966 Utah Collected as Scientific Specimen or captured for a Scientific Study. (NOT FOR BANDING) Dead/Left On Bird Brown-capped Rosy-Finch 5 years 11 months 11/9/2002 Colorado Hatching Year Male 5/10/2008 Colorado Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pine Grosbeak 9 years 09 months 12/14/1961 Connecticut After Hatching Year Male 3/15/1970 Quebec Found dead or injured on highway. Dead/Removed Laysan Finch 11 years 00 months 8/27/1991 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 6/26/2000 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Laysan Finch 9 years 08 months 3/30/1985 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Second Year Female, sexed upon recapture 2/11/1994 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Laysan Finch 7 years 00 months 3/20/1985 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 6/14/1990 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Laysan Finch 6 years 00 months 3/21/1967 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female 6/27/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Nihoa Finch 12 years 00 months 6/4/1969 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 6/13/1980 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaii Amakihi 9 years 09 months 7/2/2003 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Hatching Year Unknown 3/4/2013 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaii Amakihi 8 years 03 months 6/17/1981 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 9/28/1988 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaii Amakihi 7 years 08 months 12/29/1972 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Male 2/27/1979 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaii Amakihi 5 years 00 months 3/18/1974 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Female, sexed upon recapture 6/21/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hawaii Creeper 8 years 09 months 2/24/2005 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Second Year Unknown 3/14/2013 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Iiwi 8 years 09 months 4/23/1996 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 3/23/2003 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Apapane 6 years 05 months 12/17/1978 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Hatching Year Unknown 11/12/1983 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Poo-uli 9 years 03 months 1/15/1997 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines After Second Year Male 9/9/2004 Oceania (including Hawaii), Australia, New Zealand and Phillipines Sight record: identified by color band, marked plumage or marker other than standard, numbered metal band. Alive - Released/Left On Bird House Finch 11 years 07 months 1/9/1969 Maryland After Hatching Year Male 1/30/1980 Maryland Caught due to: injury Dead/Removed House Finch 11 years 07 months 12/8/1973 New York Unknown Female 1/20/1985 New York Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird House Finch 11 years 06 months 6/13/1980 Pennsylvania Hatching Year Unknown 12/22/1991 Pennsylvania Found dead. Dead/Removed House Finch 10 years 11 months 4/23/1972 California After Hatching Year Female 5/8/1982 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Purple Finch 10 years 09 months 4/25/1956 Pennsylvania After Hatching Year Male 3/23/1966 Virginia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cassin's Finch 7 years 00 months 6/13/1974 Oregon After Second Year Male 6/22/1979 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cassin's Finch 6 years 10 months 4/11/1986 Utah After Second Year Male 4/28/1991 Utah Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Cassin's Finch 6 years 01 months 5/14/1975 Oregon Second Year Male, sexed upon recapture 7/3/1980 Oregon Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Red Crossbill 6 years 01 months 6/29/1986 South Dakota After Hatching Year Female 7/21/1991 South Dakota Found dead. Dead/Removed Common Redpoll 7 years 10 months 1/22/1983 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 4/15/1990 Alaska Caught by or due to: cat Alive - In Captivity/Left On Bird Common Redpoll 5 years 09 months 3/30/1969 Manitoba After Hatching Year Unknown 3/18/1974 Wisconsin Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Hoary Redpoll 6 years 09 months 3/21/1991 Alaska After Hatching Year Unknown 3/5/1997 Alaska Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Pine Siskin 8 years 08 months 3/8/1958 Pennsylvania Unknown Unknown 11/13/1966 Michigan Found dead. Dead/Removed Lesser Goldfinch 7 years 00 months 7/17/2009 California After Hatching Year Male 6/27/2015 California Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Removed Lesser Goldfinch 5 years 08 months 8/28/1960 California After Hatching Year Female 2/13/1965 California Found dead. Dead/Unknown American Goldfinch 10 years 09 months 2/19/2004 Maryland After Second Year Male 5/12/2013 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Goldfinch 10 years 05 months 1/5/1985 Missouri After Hatching Year Female 11/30/1994 Wisconsin Found dead. Dead/Unknown American Goldfinch 9 years 03 months 4/8/1977 New York Second Year Male 9/15/1985 New York Caught by or due to: cat Dead/Removed American Goldfinch 9 years 02 months 4/29/1985 Maryland After Hatching Year Female 8/31/1993 Maryland Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Goldfinch 8 years 10 months 4/3/1958 Connecticut After Hatching Year Male 4/22/1966 Connecticut Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird American Goldfinch 8 years 10 months 3/8/1955 Massachusetts After Hatching Year Female 4/15/1963 Massachusetts Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Unknown/Unknown American Goldfinch 7 years 09 months 11/14/1971 New York Unknown Female 3/14/1979 Georgia Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird Evening Grosbeak 16 years 03 months 12/25/1959 Connecticut After Hatching Year Male 9/15/1974 New Brunswick Caught due to striking or being struck by: motor vehicle. Dead/Removed House Sparrow 15 years 09 months 7/11/1989 Texas After Hatching Year Female 3/15/2004 Texas Found dead. Dead/Left On Bird House Sparrow 13 years 04 months 6/24/1944 Ohio Hatching Year Unknown 10/99/1957 Ohio Caught by or due to: traps or snares OTHER THAN devices used to catch birds for banding. Dead/Unknown Eurasian Tree Sparrow 4 years 00 months 9/20/1968 Illinois Unknown Unknown 6/13/1972 Illinois Previously banded bird trapped and released during banding operations Alive - Released/Left On Bird

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BBL - Longevity Records of North American Birds

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What is Genetic Engineering?

Written by: Dr. Ricarda Steinbrecher WEN Trust, July 1998

Synthesis/Regeneration: A Magazine of Green Social Thought, Vol. 18 (Winter 1999), pp. 9-12 [Note: For technical reasons, the graphics accompanying the orginal article have not been reproduced here.]

We find it mixed in our food on the shelves in the supermarket--genetically engineered soybeans and maize. We find it growing in a plot down the lane, test field release sites with genetically engineered rape seed, sugar beet, wheat, potato, strawberries and more. There has been no warning and no consultation.

It is variously known as genetic engineering, genetic modification or genetic manipulation. All three terms mean the same thing, the reshuffling of genes usually from one species to another; existing examples include: from fish to tomato or from human to pig. Genetic engineering (GE) comes under the broad heading of biotechnology.

But how does it work? If you want to understand genetic engineering it is best to start with some basic biology.

What is a cell? A cell is the smallest living unit, the basic structural and functional unit of all living matter, whether that is a plant, an animal or a fungus.Some organisms such as amoebae, bacteria, some algae and fungi are single-celled - the entire organism is contained in just one cell. Humans are quite different and are made up of approximately 3 million cells -(3,000,000,000,000 cells). Cells can take many shapes depending on their function, but commonly they will look like a brick with rounded comers or an angular blob - a building block.Cells are stacked together to make up tissues, organs or structures (brain, liver, bones, skin, leaves, fruit etc.).

In an organism, cells depend on each other to perform various functions and tasks; some cells will produce enzymes, others will store sugars or fat; different cells again will build the skeleton or be in charge of communication like nerve cells; others are there for defence, such as white blood cells or stinging cells in jelly fish and plants. In order to be a fully functional part of the whole, most cells have got the same information and resources and the same basic equipment.

A cell belonging to higher organisms (e.g. plant or animal) is composed of: a cell MEMBRANE enclosing the whole cell. (Plant cells have an additional cell wall for structural reinforcement.) many ORGANELLES, which are functional components equivalent to the organs in the body of an animal e.g. for digestion, storage, excretion. a NUCLEUS, the command centre of the cell. It contains all the vital information needed by the cell or the whole organism to function, grow and reproduce. This information is stored in the form of a genetic code on the chromosomes, which are situated inside the nucleus.

Proteins are the basic building materials of a cell, made by the cell itself. Looking at them in close-up they consist of a chain of amino-acids, small specific building blocks that easily link up. Though the basic structure of proteins is linear, they are usually folded and folded again into complex structures. Different proteins have different functions. They can be transport molecules (e.g. oxygen binding haemoglobin of the red blood cells); they can be antibodies, messengers, enzymes (e.g. digestion enzymes) or hormones (e.g. growth hormones or insulin). Another group is the structural proteins that form boundaries and provide movement, elasticity and the ability to contract. Muscle fibres, for example, are mainly made of proteins. Proteins are thus crucial in the formation of cells and in giving cells the capacity to function properly.

Chromosomes means "coloured bodies" (they can be seen under the light microscope, using a particular stain). They look like bundled up knots and loops of a long thin thread. Chromosomes are the storage place for all genetic - that is hereditary - information. This information is written along the thin thread, called DNA. "DNA" is an abbreviation for deoxyribo nucleic acid, a specific acidic material that can be found in the nucleus. The genetic information is written in the form of a code, almost like a music tape. To ensure the thread and the information are stable and safe, a twisted double stranded thread is used - the famous double helix. When a cell multiplies it will also copy all the DNA and pass it on to the daughter cell.

The totality of the genetic information of an organism is called genome. Cells of humans, for example, possess two sets of 23 different chromosomes, one set from the mother and the other from -the father. The DNA of each human cell corresponds to 2 meters of DNA if it is stretched out and it is thus crucial to organise the DNA in chromosomes, so as to avoid knots, tangles and breakages. The length of DNA contained in the human body is approximately 60,000,000,000 kilometres. This is equivalent to the distance to the moon and back 8000 times!

The information contained on the chromo-somes in the DNA is written and coded in such a way that it can be understood by almost all living species on earth. It is thus termed the universal code of life. In this coding system, cells need only four symbols (called nucleotides) to spell out all the instructions of how to make any protein. Nucleotides are the units DNA is composed of and their individual names are commonly abbreviated to the letters A, C G and T These letters are arranged in 3-letter words which in turn code for a particular amino acid - as shown in the flow diagram 1. The information for how any cell is structured or how it functions is all encoded in single and distinct genes. A Gene is a certain segment (length) of DNA with specific instructions for the production of commonly one specific protein. The coding sequence of a gene is, on average about 1000 letters long. Genes code for example for insulin, digestive enzymes, blood clotting proteins, or pigments.

How does a cell know when to produce which protein and how much of it? In front of each gene there is a stretch of DNA that contains the regulatory elements for that specific gene, most of which is known as the promoter. It functions like a "control tower," constantly holding a "flag" up for the gene it controls. Take insulin production (which we produce to enable the burning of the blood sugar). When a message arrives in the form of a molecule that says, 'more insulin", the insulin control tower will signal the location of the insulin gene and say "over here". The message molecule will "dock in" and thus activate a "switch" to start the whole process of gene expression.

How does the information contained in the DNA get turned into a protein at the right time? As shown in picture 2, each gene consists of 3 main components: a "control tower" (promoter), an information block and a polyA signal element. If there is not enough of a specific protein present in the cell, a message will be sent into the nucleus to find the relevant gene. If the control tower recognises the message as valid it will open the "gate" to the information block. Immediately the information is copied - or transcribed - into a threadlike molecule, called RNA. RNA is very similar to DNA, except it is single stranded. After the copy is made, a string of up to 200 "A"-type nucleotides - a polyA tail - is added to its end (picture 2). This process is called poly-adenylation and is initiated by a polyA signal located towards the end of the gene. A polyA tail is thought to stabilise the RNA message against degradation for a limited time. Now the RNA copies of the gene leave the nucleus and get distributed within the cell to little work units that translate the information into proteins.

No cell will ever make use of all the information coded in its DNA. Cells divide the work up amongst one other - they specialise. Brain cells will not produce insulin, liver cells will not produce saliva, nor will skin cells start producing bone. If they did, our bodies could be chaos!

The same is true for plants: root cells will not produce the green chlorophyll, nor will the leaves produce pollen or nectar. Furthermore, expression is age dependent: young shoots will not express any genes to do with fruit ripening, while old people will not usually start developing another set of teeth (exceptions have been known).

All in all, gene regulation is very specific to the environment in which the cell finds itself and is also linked to the developmental stages of an organism. So f I want the leaves of poppy plants to produce the red colour of the flower petals I will not be able to do so by traditional breeding methods, despite the fact that leaf ells will have all the genetic information necessary. There is a block that prevents he leaves from going red. This block may be caused by two things: The "red" gene has been permanently shut down and bundled up thoroughly in all leaf cells. Thus the information cannot be accessed any more. The leaf cells do not need the colour red and thus do not request RNA copies of this information. Therefore no message molecule is docking at the "red" control tower to activate the gene.

Of course - you might have guessed - there is a trick to fool the plant and make it turn red against its own will. We can bring the red gene in like a Trojan horse, hidden behind the control tower of a different gene. But for this we need to cut the genes up and glue them together in a different form. This is where breeding ends and genetic engineering begins.

BREEDING is the natural process of sexual reproduction within the same species. The hereditary information of both parents is combined and passed on to the offspring. In this process the same sections of DNA can be exchanged between the same chromosomes, but genes will always remain at their very own and precise position and order on the chromosomes. A gene will thus always be surrounded by the same DNA unless mutations or accidents occur. Species that are closely related might be able to interbreed, like a donkey and a horse, but their offspring will usually be infertile (e.g. mule). This is a natural safety devise, preventing the mixing of genes that might not be compatible and to secure the survival of the species.

GENETIC ENGINEERING

Genetic engineering (GE) is used to take genes and segments of DNA from one species, e.g. fish, and put them into another species, e.g. tomato. To do so, GE provides a set of techniques to cut DNA either randomly or at a number of specific sites. Once isolated one can study the different segments of DNA, multiply them up and splice them (stick them) next to any other DNA of another cell or organism. GE makes it possible to break through the species barrier and to shuffle information between completely unrelated species; for example, to splice the anti-freeze gene from flounder into tomatoes or strawberries, an insect-killing toxin gene from bacteria into maize, cotton or rape seed, or genes from humans into pig.

Yet there is a problem - a fish gene will not work in tomato unless I give it a promoter with a "flag" the tomato cells will recognise. Such a control sequence should either be a tomato sequence or something similar. Most companies and scientists do a shortcut here and don't even bother to look for an appropriate tomato promoter as it would take years to understand how the cell's internal communication and regulation works. In order to avoid long testing and adjusting, most genetic engineering of plants is done with viral promoters. Viruses - as you will be aware - are very active. Nothing, or almost nothing, will stop them once they have found a new victim or rather host. They integrate their genetic information into the DNA of a host cell (such as one of your own), multiply, infect the next cells and multiply. This is possible because viruses have evolved very powerful promoters which command the host cell to constantly read the viral genes and produce viral proteins. Simply by taking a control element (promoter) from a plant virus and sticking it in front of the information block of the fish gene, you can get this combined virus/fish gene (known as a "construct') to work wherever and whenever you want in a plant.

This might sound great, the drawback though is that it can't be stopped either, it can't be switched off. The plant no longer has a say in the expression of the new gene, even when the constant involuntary production of the "new" product is weakening the plant's defences or growth.

And furthermore, the theory doesn't hold up with reality. Often, for no apparent reason, the new gene only works for a limited amount of time and then "falls silent". But there is no way to know in advance if this will happen.

Though often hailed as a precise method, the final stage of placing the new gene into a receiving higher organism is rather crude, seriously lacking both precision and predictability. The "new" gene can end up anywhere, next to any gene or even within another gene, disturbing its function or regulation. If the "new" gene gets into the "quiet" non-expressed areas of the cell's DNA, it is likely to interfere with the regulation of gene expression of the whole region. It could potentially cause genes in the "quiet" DNA to become active.

Often genetic engineering will not only use the information of one gene and put it behind the promoter of another gene, but will also take bits and pieces from other genes and other species. Although this is aimed to benefit the expression and function of the "new" gene it also causes more interference and enhances the risks of unpredictable effects.

How to get the gene into the other cell.

There are different ways to get a gene from A to B or to transform a plant with a "new" gene. A VECTOR is something that can carry the gene into the host, or rather into the nucleus of a host cell. Vectors are commonly bacterial plasmids (see below and next page) or viruses (a). Another method is the "SHOTGUN TECHNIQUE" also known as "bio-ballistics," which blindly shoots masses of tiny gold particles coated with the gene into a plate of plant cells, hoping to land a hit somewhere in the cell's DNA (b).

What is a plasmid?

PLASMIDS can be found in many bacteria and are small rings of DNA with a limited number of genes. Plasmids are not essential for the survival of bacteria but can make life a lot easier for them. Whilst all bacteria - no matter which species - will have their bacterial chromosome with all the crucial hereditary information of how to survive and multiply, they invented a tool to exchange information rapidly. If one likens the chromosome to a bookshelf with manuals and handbooks, and a single gene to a recipe or a specific building instruction, a plasmid,could be seen as a pamphlet. Plasmids self-replicate and are thus easily reproduced and passed around. Plasmids often contain genes for antibiotic resistance. This type of information which can easily be passed on, can be crucial to bacterial strains which are under attack by drugs and is indeed a major reason for the quick spread of antibiotic resistance.

Working with plasmids.

Plasmids are relatively small, replicate very quickly and are thus easy to study and to manipulate. It is easy to determine the sequence of its DNA, that is, to find out the sequence of the letters (A, C, G and 1) and number them. Certain letter combinations -such as CAATTG - are easy to cut with the help of specific enzymes (see proteins). Ilese cutting enzymes, called restriction enzymes, are part of the Genetic Engineering "tool-kit" of biochemists. So if I want to splice a gene from fish into a plasmid, I have to take the following steps: I place a large number of a known plasmid in a little test tube and add a specific enzyme that will cut the plasmid at only one site. After an hour I stop the digest, purify the cut plasmid DNA and mix it with copies of the fish gene; after some time the fish gene places itself into the cut ring of the plasmid. I quickly add some "glue" from my "tool-kit" - an enzyme called ligase - and place the mended plasmids back into bacteria, leaving them to grow and multiply. But how do I know which bacteria will have my precious plasmid? For this reason I need MARKER GENES, such as antibiotic resistance genes. So I make sure my plasmid has a marker gene before I splice my fish gene into it. If thA I plasmid is marked with a gene antibiotic resistance I can now add specific antibiotic to the food supply of the bacteria. All those which do not have the plasmid will die, and all those that do have the plasmid will multiply.

Unanswered Questions and Inherent Uncertainties

What's wrong with Genetic Engineering ?

Genetic Engineering is a test tube science and is prematurely applied in food production. A gene studied in a test tube can only tell what this gene does and how it behaves in that particular test tube. It cannot tell us what its role and behaviour are in the organism it came from or what it might do if we place it into a completely different species. Genes for the colour red placed into petunia flowers not only changed the colour of the petals but also decreased fertility and altered the growth of the roots and leaves. Salmon genetically engineered with a growth hormone gene not only grew too big too fast but also turned green. These are unpredictable side effects, scientifically termed pleiotropic effects.

We also know very little about what a gene (or for that matter any of its DNA sequence) might trigger or interrupt depending on where it got inserted into the new host (plant or animal). These are open questions around positional effects. And what about gene silencing and gene instability? How do we know that a genetically engineered food plant will not produce new toxins and allergenic substances or increase the level of dormant toxins and allergens? How about the nutritional value? And what are the effects on the environment and on wild life? All these questions are important questions yet they remain unanswered. Until we have an answer to all of these, genetic engineering should be kept to the test tubes. Biotechnology married to corporations tends to ignore the precautionary principle but it also igpores some basic scientific principles.

What you can do:

Avoid genetically engineered (GE) food, currently in products containing soya and maize.

Buy organic products - look for the Soil Association label.

Tell your MP and the Minister of the Environment you object to GE crops being released on test sites in your area -or any area you care about. Ask your MP or the Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) for details from the Public Register of GMOs (genetically modified organisms). DETR phone: 0171-890 5275.

Copy this briefing and give it to a neighbour /friend.

Contact your local paper; write a letter to the editor.

Demand clear choice and non-GE products from your supermarket (addresses of head offices and sample letter available from WEN).

Read up on the issue. Get WEN's Campaign Pack on Genetic Engineering (out in August, L2).

Join a local environmental group and campaign against GE crops and GE food.

Support WEN's Test Tube Harvest Campaign (cheques payable to: 'WEN- Test Tube Harvest').

Join the Women's Environmental Network.

Contact the Test Tube Harvest Campaign for further information.

Further contact: Genetic Engineering Network (GEN) -also runs email list. Phone: 0181 - 374 9516

----------------

The Women's Environmental Network Trust is a registered charity, educating, informing and empowering women who care about the environment. The WEN Trust Information Department answers enquiries and produces briefings, papers and other information related to women and the environment. For further details contact: Information Co-ordinator,WEN, 87 Worship Street, London EC2A 2BE, UK. Phone: (+44) 171-247 3327. Fax: (+44) 171-247 4740. Email: WENUK@gn.apc.org.

Prepared in co-operation with the Genetic Engineering Network, UK.

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What Is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic Engineering (GE) is a highly complicated and advanced branch of science which involves a wide range of techniques used in changing the genetic material in the DNA code in a living organism. 'Genetic Engineering' means the deliberate modification of the characters of an organism by the manipulation of its genetic material.Genetic engineering comes under the broad heading of Biotechnology. There is a great scope in this field as the demand for genetic engineers are growing in India as well as abroad.

A cell is the smallest living unit, the basic structural and functional unit of all living matter, whether a plant, an animal, humans or a fungus. While some organisms are single celled, others like plants, animals, humans etc are made up of a lot more cells. For eg humans have approximately 3 million cells. A cell is composed of a 'cell membrane' enclosing the whole cell, many 'organelles' equivalent to the organs in the body and a 'nucleus' which is the command centre of the cell. Inside the nucleus are the chromosomes which is the storage place for all genetic (hereditary) information which determines the nature and characteristics of an organism. This information is written along the thin thread, called DNA, a nucleic acid which constitutes the genes (units of heredity). The DNA governs cell growth and is responsible for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

Genetic engineering aims to re-arrange the sequence of DNA in gene using artificial methods. The work of a genetic engineer involves extracting the DNA out of one organism, changing it using chemicals or radiation and subsequently putting it back into the same or a different organism. For eg: genes and segments of DNA from one species is taken and put into another species. They also study how traits and characteristics are transmitted through the generations, and how genetic disorders are caused. Their research involves researching the causes and discovering potential cures if any.

Genetic engineering have specialisations related to plants, animals and human beings. Genetic engineering in plants and animals may be to improve certain natural characteristics of value, to increase resistance to disease or damage and to develop new characteristics etc. It is used to change the colour, size, texture etc of plants otherwise known as GM (Genetically Modified) foods.GE in humans can be to correct severe hereditary defects by introducing normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones.

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Genetic Engineering Careers in India : How to become a ...

Vocabulary: selective breeding, recombinant DNA, artificial selection, inbreeding, hybridization, genetic engineering, restriction enzyme, cloning, genetic mapping, Human Genome Project

Genetic Engineering Throughout recorded history, humans have used selective breeding and other methods to produce organisms with desirable traits. Our current understanding of genetics and heredity allows for the manipulation of genes and the development of new combinations of traits and new varieties of organisms. This includes various aspects of DNA technology, including recombinant DNA technology. Scientists have also developed many ways of determining the genetic makeup of different organisms, including humans.

Selective Breeding For thousands of years new varieties of cultivated plants and domestic animals have resulted from selective breeding for particular traits. Some selective breeding techniques include artificial selection, where individuals with desirable traits are mated to produce offspring with those traits. A variation of this process traditionally used in agriculture is inbreeding, where the offspring produced by artificial selection are mated with one another to reinforce those desirable traits. Hybridization is a special case of selective breeding. This involves crossing two individuals with different desirable traits to produce offspring with a combination of both desirable traits. An example of this are Santa Gertrudis cattle, which were developed by breeding English shorthorn cattle, which provided for good beef, but lacked heat resistance, with Brahman cattle from India which were highly resistant to heat and humidity. The Santa Gertrudis breed of cattle has excellent beef, and thrives in hot, humid environments.

An Example of Selective Breeding

Brahman cattle: Good resistance to heat but poor beef.

English shorthorn cattle: Good beef but poor heat resistance.

Santa Gertrudis cattle: Formed by crossing Brahman and English shorthorns; has good heat resistance and beef.

Genetic Engineering In recent years new varieties of farm plants and animals have been engineered bymanipulating their genetic instructions to produce new characteristics. This technology is known as genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology. Different enzymes can be used to cut, copy (clone), and move segments of DNA. An important category of enzyme used to cut a section of a gene and its DNA from an organism is known as a restriction enzyme. When this piece of DNA, which has been cut out of one organism, is placed in another organism, that section of gene will express the characteristics that were expressed by this gene in the organism it was taken from.

An Example of Genetic Engineering

Knowledge of genetics, including genetic engineering, is making possible new fields of health care. Genetic engineering is being used to engineer many new types of more efficient plants and animals, as well as provide chemicals needed for human health care. It may be possible to use aspect of genetic engineering to correct some human health defects. Some examples of chemicals being mass produced by human genes in bacteria include insulin, human growth hormone, and interferon. Substances from genetically engineered organisms have reduced the cost and side effects of replacing missing human body chemicals. While genetic engineering technology has many practical benefits, its use has also raised many legitimate ethical concerns.

Other Genetic Technologies Cloning involves producing a group of genetically identical offspring from the cells of an organism. This technique may greatly increase agricultural productivity. Plants and animals with desirable qualities can be rapidly produced from the cells of a single organism.

Genetic mapping, which is the location of specific genes inside the chromosomes of cells makes it possible to detect, and perhaps in the future correct defective genes that may lead to poor health. The human genome project has involved the mapping of the major genes influencing human traits, thus allowing humans to know the basic framework of their genetic code

Knowledge of genetics is making possible new fields of health care. Genetic mapping in combination with genetic engineering and other genetic technologies may make it possible to correct defective genes that may lead to poor health.

There are many ethical concerns to these advanced genetic technologies, including possible problems associated with the cloning of humans. Another down side to genetic mapping technologies it is possible that some organizations may use this genetic information against individuals.

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Genetic Engineering - regentsprep.org

The mutations we've been discussing occur in a seemingly random manner by various mutagens. Mutation can also be caused in a very systematic way by viruses. Viruses can enter a host cell and then alter the DNA of the host cell by clipping it open and inserting new segments that will code for the viral protein, and they can do that by using the host cell's replication, transcription and translation mechanisms to create that viral protein.

This scenario is also related to the field known popularly as genetic engineering. Basically, it involves altering the DNA in a simple organism such as a bacterium in order to get the bacteria to produce a protein that it ordinarily would not produce, and this is done by snipping open a section of the bacterial DNA and inserting a gene from another organism. The technique is called gene splicing and it is often accomplished by inserting the new gene in a virus and then infecting the bacteria with the virus.

Here is one mechanism by which this can occur. Certain enzymes can open up the DNA sequence by breaking or hydrolyzing the phosphor ester bond in the DNA backbone.

In the lesson on proteins, I mentioned a disorder called diabetes, in which the messenger protein, insulin, is defective. Early treatment for this disease involved injecting insulin into patients in order to enable their cells to take up glucose. One problem with this treatment was that the only insulin available at a reasonable cost was insulin from cows. This insulin was slightly different and therefore not as effective as human insulin; moreover, some diabetics had what amounted to an allergic reaction to the foreign protein. In timet, genetic engineers were able to insert the gene for human insulin into a common bacterium called E. coli. When this bacterium was then grown in cultures, it produced vast quantities of human insulin which could be isolated fairly easily in pure form, for use by diabetics. Moreover, the human insulin was much cheaper when produced in this way than was the insulin from cows.

Another protein produced in this way is the protein interferon. When it was originally discovered, it was thought to be a potent cure for cancer and highly effective at preventing viral infection, and perhaps it might even be the long sought cure for the common cold. Unfortunately, it was incredibly expensive to isolate and available only in minute quantities. Not only was it impractical to use on a wide scale, it was not possible to do meaningful research with it, because such small amounts were available. A great deal of effort was expended to genetically alter bacteria to produce interferon. Effort which was eventually successful. Unfortunately, when sufficient quantities of interferon were produced to adequately test its abilities as an anti-cancer drug, it was found to be not nearly as effective as had been hoped.

Although genetic engineering would seem to be a marvelous new technique and it surely is that, it also has certain dangers associated with it. One problem is that when the genetic makeup of an organism is altered, it is not possible to predict exactly what the nature of that organism might be. If there is something inherently harmful about the new organism and that organism is released to the environment, the results could be disastrous. This danger is usually dealt with by using, as the host organism, a bacterium which is, somehow deficient and cannot survive outside the laboratory.

Another problem is that a future step in genetic engineering might well involve the ability to alter the genetic makeup of higher organisms, including humans. There are difficult ethical questions involved in how far we should go in changing our own genes, much less those of domestic animals.

Few, perhaps, would argue against the altering of the bone marrow cells of a person with sickle cell anemia to enable him or her to produce normal hemoglobin, a technique by the way, which has not yet been developed. But suppose we were able to genetically slow down, or even halt the aging process, alter fetal cells to produce certain desired characteristics in babies, such as hair color or intelligence, or increase the strength in athletes, or alter our own physiology to enable us to breathe under water, or even clone individuals with certain unique talents. Who should decide what kinds of changes are acceptable and who should be allowed to have their genes or those of their children altered? And what if something goes wrong with the procedure and a defective human is produced? These questions are not easy and the techniques are not without hazard.

Regarding genetic engineering:

(These questions are also given in Exercise 18 in your workbook.)

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Clackamas Community College 2001, 2003 Clackamas Community College, Hal Bender

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Genetic Engineering - Clackamas Community College

We have a right to food that is good for our bodies and our environment. Numerous studies show that genetically engineered foods can pose serious risks to both. Yet the U.S. Department of Agriculture keeps approving genetically engineered crops that benefit a few biotech corporations. At the same time, the Food and Drug Administration is considering approving the first-ever genetically engineered animal for human consumption, a genetically engineered salmon created by AquaBounty Technologies that supposedly grows twice as fast as its natural counterpart.

Friends of the Earth is working to keep this "frankenfish" and other genetically engineered foods off of grocery store shelves, and to ensure that all genetically engineered foods are labeled so that consumers can choose whether to feed these risky products to their families.

Research shows that genetically engineered fish pose numerous risks to wild fish populations. Of particular concern is the survival of natural Atlantic salmon, which is already listed as endangered. Research published by the Canadian government has found that genetically engineered salmon, if released into the wild, could lead to a collapse of wild populations. Genetically engineered salmon may be able to mate with wild populations, weakening their gene pool, and could even out-compete wild salmon for food, leading to ecosystem-wide impacts.

Human health is threatened too. The approval of the frankenfish would likely lead to the use of even more antibiotics in aquaculture, increasing the risks of drug-resistant bacteria and viruses. Farmed salmon are given more antibiotics than any other livestock by weight, and the companys data shows the frankenfish may require even more antibiotics, as the engineered fish could be more susceptible to disease.

Despite concerns raised by scientists, the FDA has not yet conducted a thorough, independent analysis of the dangers frankenfish pose to people or the environment.

We are pushing the FDA to take a rigorous look at the risks, partnering with members of Congress on laws to prevent the spread of genetically engineered foods and mandate labels and mobilizing the public to take action to protect our health, biodiversity and our right to choose healthy food. Check out our issue brief on the risks posed by genetically engineered fish to learn more.

Genetic engineering is moving beyond our food and agricultural systems. Friends of the Earth is also working to prevent the release of genetically engineered mosquitoes and other insects in the U.S. until proper laws have been written and risk assessments conducted to ensure these genetically engineered bugs don't harm humans or our ecosystems. Check out our issue brief on genetically engineered mosquitoes to learn more.

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Genetic engineering - Friends of the Earth

Genetic engineering (GE), also called genetic modification, is a branch of applied biology. It is the changing of an organism's genome using biotechnology. These methods are recent discoveries. The techniques are advanced, and full details are not given here.

This is an overview of what can be done:

An organism that is altered by genetic engineering is a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973;[2] GM mice were made in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982. Genetically modified food has been sold since 1994, including crops.

Genetic engineering techniques have been used in research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Enzymes used in laundry detergent, and medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now manufactured in GM cells. GM animals such as mice or zebrafish are being used for research purposes.

Critics have objected to use of genetic engineering on several grounds, including ethical concerns, ecological concerns. Economic concerns are raised by the fact GM techniques and GM organisms are subject to intellectual property law. Ecological concerns are more subtle. There is a risk that some genetically modified (GM) organisms may be better adapted to some niche in nature, and will take away some the habitat of the regular species.

The ability to construct long base pair chains cheaply and accurately on a large scale allows researchers to do experiments on genomes that do not exist in nature. The field of 'synthetic genomics' is beginning to enter a productive stage.

The J. Craig Venter Institute has built a quasi-synthetic Mycoplasma genitalium yeast genome. They recombined 25 overlapping fragments in a single step. "The use of yeast recombination greatly simplifies the assembly of large DNA molecules from both synthetic and natural fragments".[3] Other companies, such as Synthetic Genomics, have already been formed to take advantage of the many commercial uses of custom designed genomes.

The team of about 20 researchers is led by Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith, DNA researcher Craig Venter and microbiologist Clyde A. Hutchison III. They plan to create Mycoplasma laboratorium a partially synthetic species of bacterium derived from the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium.

Geneticists have made the first synthetic chromosome for yeast.

As a eukaryote, yeast has cells with a nucleus. Often classified as a fungus, yeast is related to plants and animals and shares 2,000 genes with ourselves.

The creation of the first of yeast's 16 chromosomes has been hailed as "a massive deal" in the emerging science of synthetic biology.[4]

GMOs also are involved in controversies over GM food, as to whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether it should be labeled, and whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs. These controversies have led to litigation, international trade disputes, and protests, and to restrictive regulation of commercial products in most countries.

We can now produce and use GM and GE seeds. Some large countries like India and China have already decided that GM farming is what they need to feed their populations. Other countries are still debating the issue.[5] This debate involves scientists, farmers, politicians, companies and UN agencies. Even those involved in the production of GM seedlings are not in total agreement.[5]

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Genetic engineering - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...

A portrait of Khan Noonien Singh, a man who was a product of genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, or genetic manipulation was a process in which the DNA of an organism was selectively altered through artificial means. Genetic engineering was often used to produce "custom" organisms, such as for agricultural or medical purposes, as well as to produce biogenic weapons. The most common application of genetic engineering on intelligent beings in the Federation was corrective DNA resequencing for genetic disorders. A far more dubious application of genetic engineering was the genetic enhancement of individuals to produce improved senses, strength, intelligence, etc.

During Earth's 20th century, efforts to produce "superhumans" resulted in the Eugenics Wars. Genetically engineered individuals such as Khan Noonien Singh attempted to seize power. (TOS: "Space Seed")

This would lead to the banning of genetic engineering on Earth by the mid-22nd century, even research which could be used to cure critical illnesses. This ban was implemented because of the general fear of creating more tyrants such as Khan. It was also felt that parents would feel compelled to have their children genetically engineered, especially if "enhanced" individuals were allowed to compete in normal society.

Some, including geneticist Arik Soong, argued that it was simply convenient for humanity to denounce the attempts at genetic "improvement" of humanity, that it was inherently evil because of the Eugenics Wars. He argued that the source of the problem, in fact, wasn't the technology, but humanity's own inability to use it wisely. Imprisoned for, among other crimes, stealing the embryos of a number of Augment children, Soong wrote long treatises on the subject of genetic augmentations and improvements. His works were routinely taken and placed into storage (although his jailers often told him that his work was vaporized). Captain Jonathan Archer expressed his hope to Soong that research into genetic engineering that could cure life-threatening diseases would someday be resumed. (ENT: "Borderland", "The Augments")

Others, however, chose to establish isolated colonies, as became the case with the Genome colony on Moab IV, which was established in 2168. It became a notable and successful example of Human genetic engineering in which every individual was genetically tailored from birth to perform a specific role in society. However, after a five-day visit by the USS Enterprise-D when the ship came to the colony in an effort to save it from an approaching neutron star which, eventually, the craft was able to effectively redirect twenty-three colonists left the colony aboard the craft, possibly causing significant damage to the structure of their society. The reason for the societal split was that those who left the colony had realized their organized, pre-planned world had certain limitations, lacking opportunities to grow that were offered by the Enterprise. (TNG: "The Masterpiece Society")

By the 24th century, the United Federation of Planets allowed limited use of genetic engineering to correct existing genetically related medical conditions. Persons known to be genetically enhanced, however, were not allowed to serve in Starfleet, and were especially banned from practicing medicine. (TNG: "Genesis", DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume")

Nevertheless, some parents attempted to secretly have their children genetically modified. (DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume") Unfortunately, most of these operations were performed by unqualified physicians, resulting in severe psychological problems in the children due to their enhancements being only partially successful, such as a patient's senses being enhanced while their ability to process the resulting data remained at a Human norm. (DS9: "Statistical Probabilities")

In some cases, genetic engineering can be permitted to be performed in utero when dealing with a developing fetus to correct any potential genetic defects that could handicap the child as they grew up. Chakotay's family history included a defective gene that made those who possessed it prone to hallucinations, the gene afflicting his grandfather in Chakotay's youth, although the gene was suppressed in Chakotay himself. (VOY: "The Fight") In 2377, The Doctor performed prenatal genetic modification on Miral Paris to correct a spinal deviation, a congenital defect that tends to run in Klingon families; Miral's mother had undergone surgery to correct the defect in herself at a young age. (VOY: "Lineage")

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Genetic engineering - Memory Alpha - Wikia

Although not completely related to genetic disorders, genetic engineering has its applications in genetic diseases area. In the world around us today, thanks to the progress of science and technology, man has to a large extent taken the responsibility of shaping as well as the mutating the natural world around us in a way that can prove to be more profitable to all of us. Genetic Engineering is, in, such a scenario, a tool that is gradually coming in more and more focus as a means of shaping the world to map to our needs and requirements.

Where can we see genetic engineering around us today?

While going out for grocery shopping, we often come across fruits, vegetables, as well as cereals, all of which have been genetically engineered or modified to mutate their nature structure in order to make them more hygienic, more palatable as well as more nutritious. In some cases, the use of genetic engineering is also conducted to remove the harmful ingredients of a substance in order to make it more accessible for people who have certain maladies. An example of this could be genetically engineered potatoes in which the sugar content has been removed to allow them to be consumed by diabetics.

However, the use of genetic engineering can have certain pitfalls and negative aspects as well, which has led to a huge debate world wide amongst scientists and technologists.

What is genetic engineering?

The DNA can be said to be the main point of origin of the living body which is in actuality a sort of blue print which allows the shaping and growth of every aspect of a living organism. Through the process of genetic engineering, the DNA of the living body is transformed and mutated by scientists, who can, through this process engineer the growth as well as the different qualities and characteristics which make up the living being.

How is genetic engineering different from the process of traditional breeding?

The science of genetic engineering has often been compared to other and older versions of the process such as traditional breeding of cells. However, the most important difference between the two processes of genetic engineering as well as the traditional breeding process is the fact that in the case of the process of traditional breeding, the mutation of the genes of the living organism is carried out as an external process.

However, in the case of the more recent processes of genetic engineering, the cells of the living organisms are mutated, modified, created or destroyed while they are within the organism itself. These processes are in turn dependent on the twin processes of molecular cloning as well as transformation, through which the qualities of the genes of the organism are transformed to add or destroy the natural characteristics of the organism.

Can genetic engineering be used in the cases of human beings?

Though the field of the studies associated with human genetic engineering is an extremely vibrant one and studies are still on to discover more facets to it, the field today has shown immense potential in displaying an ability to cure several diseases which are associated with or formed due to an abnormality or deficiency in the structure of the human genes.

Genetic engineering can be seen to have the potential to cure several diseases and also act as a medium in order to change an individuals appearance, voice, intelligence, behavior as well as his or her characteristics.

How is genetic engineering carried out in the case of human beings?

The science of human genetic engineering works by using various scientific processes to modify or transform the genotype of the individual by selecting and opting for a specific phenotype of the human being in the case of infants as well as new born babies. On the other hand, in the cases of matured adults, the science aims to change the natural phenotype of the individual with a phenotype that has been customized.

Advantages of using genetic engineering

Though there are several debates which are raging all around the world both for and against the science of human genetic engineering, the advantages of using human genetic engineering in the process of curing several presently incurable diseases which stem from the human genetic structure cannot be ruled out. If used properly, the science of human genetic engineering can help in curing diseases such as:

Besides this, the science can also be used to ensure that all babies are born healthy as any form of genetic disorder observed in the fetus can be cured before the baby is born.

Disadvantages of using genetic engineering

There are also several disadvantages which are associated with the science of genetic engineering. Notable among this is the fact that while using this, man will again be a product of mechanics and science. Out individuality will be lost. Besides this, the process can be quite expensive and many third world countries may not be bale to use this even for treating critically ill patients.

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Genetic Engineering - Genetic Diseases

NATIONAL

October 30, 2013 | By Maria L. La Ganga

SEATTLE - A year after Proposition 37 narrowly failed in California, the labeling of genetically engineered foods is back on the ballot in Washington state, complete with a lawsuit by the state attorney general, a barrage of ads and a stark example of money's effect on politics. I-522, as it is called, officially became the most expensive initiative battle in Washington history this week, with a not-so-Washington twist. Out-of-state money is driving the debate. Of the $33 million raised to fight the labeling effort, about $10,000 came from donors within the state - making up just 0.03% of the "no" campaign war chest.

OPINION

August 30, 2013 | By Henry I. Miller

Americans might soon need to get used to apple or grape juice as their breakfast drink of choice - unless, that is, they're willing to pay exorbitant prices for orange juice. Or maybe scientists, plant breeders and farmers will manage to save the day, using two critical but often-disparaged technologies: chemical pesticides in the short run and genetic engineering in the longer term. The pestilence that is devastating Florida citrus is a disease called citrus greening. It is caused by a bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus , which is spread by small insects called psyllids.

NEWS

June 17, 2013 | By Karin Klein

There's a dearth of evidence that genetically engineered food is dangerous to human health - but that doesn't mean consumers are wrong to have concerns about its effect on the environment and on non-bioengineered crops. U.S. agribusiness has rushed to embrace the GMO (for genetically modified organism, though genetically engineered is a more accurate term) possibilities, with almost all of our corn, soy and canola now featuring genes that have been tinkered with, usually to make them resistant to certain herbicides.

OPINION

May 24, 2013 | By The Times editorial board

The movement to force the labeling of genetically engineered food is gaining momentum. In November 2012, an initiative to require the labels in California was on the ballot; it was defeated. Now, federal legislation carried by Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) would mandate labeling most bioengineered food nationwide. Yet the movement's argument is weakened by the lack of evidence that inserting fragments of DNA into crops harms our health. Pro-labeling activists - who also tend to be anti-Monsanto activists - point to polls finding that most Americans want the information labeled.

SCIENCE

March 23, 2013 | By Rosie Mestel, Los Angeles Times

When is a fish not a fish but a drug? When government regulators take old laws and twist themselves into knots trying to apply them to new technology. In the emotionally charged battle over the safety and appropriateness of genetically modified foods, people on both sides agree that the way the government oversees genetically modified plants and animals is patchy, inconsistent and at times just plain bizarre. Soon, analysts say, the system may be stretched to the breaking point.

NEWS

March 20, 2013 | By Monte Morin

Researchers at UCLA have genetically engineered tomatoes that, when fed to mice, mimic the beneficial qualities of good cholesterol, according to a new study. In a paper published Tuesday in the Journal of Lipid Research, authors used bacteria to insert genes into the cells of tomato plants, so that they would produce a peptide that mimics the actions of HDL, or "good" cholesterol. Later generations of those genetically engineered tomatoes were frozen, ground up and then fed to female mice who were themselves bred to be highly susceptible to LDL, or "bad" cholesterol.

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Articles about Genetic Engineering - latimes

Recent advances in biotechnology are helping us prepare for and meet societys most pressing challenges.

At its simplest, biotechnology is technology based on biology - biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for more than 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products.

Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, use less and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes.

Currently, there are more than 250 biotechnology health care products and vaccines available to patients, many for previously untreatable diseases. More than 18 million farmers around the world use agricultural biotechnology to increase yields, prevent damage from insects and pests and reduce farming's impact on the environment. And more than 50 biorefineries are being built across North America to test and refine technologies to produce biofuels and chemicals from renewable biomass, which can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Recent advances in biotechnology are helping us prepare for and meet societys most pressing challenges. Here's how:

Biotech is helping toheal the worldby harnessing nature's own toolbox and using our own genetic makeup to heal and guide lines of research by:

Biotech uses biological processes such as fermentation and harnesses biocatalysts such as enzymes, yeast, and other microbes to become microscopic manufacturing plants. Biotech is helping tofuel the worldby:

Biotech improves crop insect resistance, enhances crop herbicide tolerance and facilitates the use of more environmentally sustainable farming practices. Biotech is helping tofeed the worldby:

Source: Healing, Fueling, Feeding: How Biotechnology is Enriching Your Life

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biotechnology - BIO | Healing, Fueling and Feeding the World

Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, and gums and teeth.

You have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes if you are older, obese, have a family history of diabetes, or do not exercise. Having prediabetes also increases your risk. Prediabetes means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes.

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes appear slowly. Some people do not notice symptoms at all. The symptoms can include

Blood tests can show if you have diabetes. One type of test, the A1C, can also check on how you are managing your diabetes. Many people can manage their diabetes through healthy eating, physical activity, and blood glucose testing. Some people also need to take diabetes medicines.

NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

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Diabetes Type 2: MedlinePlus - National Library of Medicine

Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body cannot properly convert food into energy. It is associated with long-term complications that affect almost every part of the body. The condition often leads to problems such as:

Uncontrolled diabetes can complicate pregnancy, and birth defects are more common in babies born to women who have it.

Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body.

When we eat, the pancreas automatically produces the right amount of insulin to move glucose from the blood into our cells. People with diabetes do not make insulin, do not use insulin properly, or both. This causes glucose to build up in the blood instead of moving into the cells. As a result, people with the condition often feel:

They may also lose weight, urinate often, or have trouble with their eyes.

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Diabetes eMedTV: Health Information Brought To Life

The pancreas is located behind the liver and stomach.

Updated June 11, 2014.

The Balance of Glucose and Insulin:

Diabetes is a disorder that affects the way your body uses food for energy. Normally, the sugar you take in is digested and broken down to a simple sugar, known as glucose. The glucose then circulates in your blood where it waits to enter cells to be used as fuel. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps move the glucose into cells. A healthy pancreas adjusts the amount of insulin based on the level of glucose.

But, if you have diabetes, this process breaks down, and blood sugar levels become too high.

There are two main types of full-blown diabetes. People with Type 1 diabetes are completely unable to produce insulin. People with Type 2 diabetes can produce insulin, but their cells don't respond to it. In either case, the glucose can't move into the cells and blood glucose levels can become high.

Over time, these high glucose levels can cause serious complications.

Pre-Diabetes:

Pre-diabetes means that the cells in your body are becoming resistant to insulin or your pancreas is not producing as much insulin as required. Your blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be called diabetes. This is also known as "impaired fasting glucose" or "impaired glucose tolerance". A diagnosis of pre-diabetes is a warning sign that diabetes will develop later. The good news: You can prevent the development of Type 2 diabetes by losing weight, making changes in your diet and exercising.

Type 1 Diabetes:

A person with Type 1 diabetes can't make any insulin. Type 1 most often occurs before age 30, but may strike at any age.

Type 1 can be caused by a genetic disorder. The origins of Type 1 are not fully understood, and there are several theories. But all of the possible causes still have the same end result: The pancreas produces very little or no insulin anymore. Frequent insulin injections are needed for Type 1.

Type 2 Diabetes:

A person with Type 2 diabetes has adequate insulin, but the cells have become resistant to it. Type 2 usually occurs in adults over 35 years old, but can affect anyone, including children. The National Institutes of Health state that 95 percent of all diabetes cases are Type 2. Why? It's a lifestyle disease, triggered by obesity, a lack of exercise, increased age and to some degree, genetic predisposition.

Gestational Diabetes:

Gestational diabetes (GD) affects about 4 percent of all pregnant women. It usually appears during the second trimester and disappears after the birth of the baby.

Like Type 1 and Type 2, your body can't use glucose effectively and blood glucose levels get too high. When GD is not controlled, complications can affect both you and your baby. Your doctor will help you work out a diet and exercise plan, and possibly medication. Having GD increases your risk for developing it again during future pregnancies and also raises your risk of Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Sources

"Discovery of a critical role for sensory nerves in diabetes opens door to new treatment strategies." SickKids News. 14 Dec 2006. The Hospital for Sick Children. 28 Dec 2006.

"How to Prevent Pre-Diabetes." American Diabetes Association. ADA. 16 Jan 2007.

"An Overview of Diabetes." Learn About Diabetes. Joslin Diabetes Center. 16 Jan 2007.

"CDC Statements on Diabetes Issues." Diabetes Public Health Resource. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 16 Jan 2007.

"Gestational Diabetes: What it Means for Me and My Baby." Familydoctor.org. 03/06. American Academy of Family Physicians. 24 Jan 2007.

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What Is Diabetes? Understand Pre-Diabetes & Types 1 & 2

Key facts

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar (5). Hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.

In 2014, 9% of adults 18 years and older had diabetes. In 2012 diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths. More than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

Type 1 diabetes (previously known as insulin-dependent, juvenile or childhood-onset) is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. The cause of type 1 diabetes is not known and it is not preventable with current knowledge.

Symptoms include excessive excretion of urine (polyuria), thirst (polydipsia), constant hunger, weight loss, vision changes and fatigue. These symptoms may occur suddenly.

Type 2 diabetes (formerly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset) results from the bodys ineffective use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90% of people with diabetes around the world (5), and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity.

Symptoms may be similar to those of Type 1 diabetes, but are often less marked. As a result, the disease may be diagnosed several years after onset, once complications have already arisen.

Until recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults but it is now also occurring in children.

Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia with blood glucose values above normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes, occurring during pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and at delivery. They are also at increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the future.

Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than reported symptoms.

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) are intermediate conditions in the transition between normality and diabetes. People with IGT or IFG are at high risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes, although this is not inevitable.

Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

Simple lifestyle measures have been shown to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes. To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications, people should:

Early diagnosis can be accomplished through relatively inexpensive blood testing.

Treatment of diabetes involves lowering blood glucose and the levels of other known risk factors that damage blood vessels. Tobacco use cessation is also important to avoid complications.

Interventions that are both cost saving and feasible in developing countries include:

Other cost saving interventions include:

These measures should be supported by a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use.

WHO aims to stimulate and support the adoption of effective measures for the surveillance, prevention and control of diabetes and its complications, particularly in low and middle-income countries. To this end, WHO:

The WHO Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health complements WHO's diabetes work by focusing on population-wide approaches to promote healthy diet and regular physical activity, thereby reducing the growing global problem of overweight and obesity.

* Defined as fasting blood glucose >= 7 mmol/l or on medication for raised blood glucose or with a history of diagnosis of diabetes.

(1) Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012. (2) World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex and Country, 2000-2012. Geneva, WHO, 2014. (3) Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med, 2006, 3(11):e442. (4) Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011. (5) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999 (WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2). (6) Morrish NJ, Wang SL, Stevens LK, Fuller JH, Keen H. Mortality and causes of death in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 2001, 44 Suppl 2:S14S21. (7) Global data on visual impairments 2010. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012. (8) Roglic G, Unwin N, Bennett PH, Mathers C, Tuomilehto J, Nag S et al. The burden of mortality attributable to diabetes: realistic estimates for the year 2000. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(9):21302135.

WHO Media centre Telephone: +41 22 791 2222 E-mail: mediainquiries@who.int

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WHO | Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). Blood glucose levels are controlled by the hormone insulin produced by the pancreas. When production of insulin is insufficient it affects blood glucose levels. The two most common types of diabetes mellitus are due to either an insufficient production of insulin (in type 1 diabetes), or insufficient response by the body to insulin (in type 2 diabetes and gestational). Read on for information on diabetes symptoms and treatments.

How Does Diabetes Affect the Body

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Diabetes has long been thought of as a precursor to male infertility. But is it really so? This Buzzle article expounds the topic...

How Diabetes Can Cause Hair Loss

Diabetes comes with a bunch of disappointments, and hair loss is one of them. But how exactly does diabetes lead to hair loss? Know how, in this Buzzle article...

Diabetes Symptoms in Women

Diabetes can play hard on a woman's psyche. Besides, it has the potential to affect her unborn baby. For women who currently do not suffer from diabetes, pregnancy carries with it the risk of what is termed gestational diabetes. ...

Treating Slow Healing Wounds in Diabetics

Is diabetes making your wounds take a longer time to heal completely? Don't fret, because this Buzzle article offers information about the treatment for delayed would-healing in diabetics.

Best Apps for Tracking Diabetes

Diabetes can be a dreaded disease, if it is not kept in check. This Buzzle article lists some of the best apps for your smartphone, which can help keep track of your blood sugar levels.

15 Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Diabetes

So you have been recently diagnosed with diabetes and are preparing for an appointment with your primary health care provider. This Buzzle article enlists a few questions that you should ask the doctor about diabetes and how can...

Chart for Blood Sugar Levels

Making healthy lifestyle choices can certainly lower the risk of hyperglycemia, as well as hypoglycemia. The following Buzzle write-up provides a chart for blood sugar levels that will help you monitor the blood sugar levels, so...

How to Cope with Diagnosis of Diabetes

For many, learning about the diagnosis of diabetes in their life is a serious blow. Does this life-changing disease really make life difficult? No. Not really. If one knows the right ways to cope with the diagnosis of diabetes,...

Top 10 Diabetes Myths Busted

Diabetics often find themselves entangled in so many misconceptions, that it's difficult for them to figure out what to believe, and what not to. However, did you know that a lot of what you hear and believe are actually myths....

Is Diabetes Hereditary?

Diabetes is a condition that develops when the body is not able to produce or use the stored glucose in the body. The following article will cover some facts related to its possible hereditary nature...

Early Signs of Diabetes

Diabetes is a commonly reported chronic disease that can be treated, but cannot be cured. Its early signs are usually mild; however, it progresses to a life-threatening condition (if left untreated).

Normal Range Blood Sugar Levels

Diabetic or not, you would definitely want to keep a tab on your sugar level. But do you know what is your normal blood sugar range? Read on to find out..

Diabetic Coma

Diabetic coma is a complication of diabetes that is characterized by loss of consciousness. If left untreated, it could even lead to death. The following write-up provides information on the causes and symptoms of this condition,...

Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Insulin therapy supplemented with an appropriate diet and exercise can go a long way in controlling diabetes.

Uncontrolled Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition wherein your body is unable to produce enough insulin or is unable to utilize it properly. The following article provides information on uncontrolled diabetes signs and symptoms. Read on, to know how...

Diabetic Foot Pain Symptoms

Diabetes can result in excruciating foot pain caused by the damage to the nerves and problems in circulation. Read on to know more about the causes and diabetic foot pain symptoms.

Ayurvedic Medicine for Diabetes

Can diabetes be cured by natural herbal remedies? Well, the variety of Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes mentioned in the following article definitely suggest that it is possible!

Diabetes and Skin Problems

More often than not, diabetes is accompanied by a lot of afflictions affecting various parts of the body. Here's an insight into diabetes and skin problems that accompany it.

Diabetes Symptoms in Men

Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a condition, where the body fails to manage the level of blood sugar. It can give rise to a number of symptoms in men and women. The following write-up provides information on diabetes symptoms in...

Dry Mouth and Diabetes

Dry mouth is among the many symptoms of diabetes and it is common among diabetics for a variety of reasons. Here's a look into some of its causes, the symptoms associated with this condition, as well as some simple treatment...

How to Control Diabetes Naturally

Though most physicians simply state there is no cure for diabetes, there are many ways by which you can control diabetes naturally and continue to live a healthy lifestyle. Get a load of some tips that will help you in preventing...

Nursing Care Plans for Diabetes

Nursing care plans for diabetes need to be meticulous given the nature of the medical condition. This article will help you understand the basics of this healthcare plan.

Diabetic Coma Causes

A state of unconsciousness that can lead a person to a risk prone condition of brain damage or death, due to severe constant fluctuations in the sugar levels, is termed as diabetic coma. There are many diabetic coma causes,...

How to Prevent Diabetic Neuropathy

People suffering from diabetes for a long time are prone to develop diabetic neuropathy in various parts of the body. This article suggests a few measures which can be helpful in preventing this disorder in diabetic individuals.

A1c Test for Diabetes Diagnosis

Diabetes is a group of diseases in which the glucose level of the blood increases. It is a serious concern today. In earlier times, the cases of diabetes were less. But lifestyle changes in today's times have led to increased...

Does Diabetes Cause Memory Loss?

Memory loss has long been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but can the body's inability to process insulin lead to memory loss? This article explains the relation between memory loss and diabetes.

Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Studies conducted on the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus suggested that abnormal metabolism of insulin hormone is the primary cause for the development of this complex syndrome. Even though the etiologies and triggering...

American Ginseng for Diabetes

According to statistics, diabetes affects about 8.3 % of the U.S population, and till now there is no known medicine that cures it completely. The least you can do is control it and safeguard your health. Recent studies have...

Leg Rash and Diabetes

Among the many causes of leg rash, diabetes is also considered to be a major possibility. Learn how to read the signs, along with the symptoms of this condition...

Does Nicotine Increase the Risk of Diabetes?

Apart from an incorrect diet there are numerous factors that affect diabetes. Smoking is one of them, and we will discuss the effects of nicotine on diabetes, which will help us conclude whether or not nicotine increases the risk...

Warning Signs of Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is referred to the nerve damage that occurs in a person due to diabetes. It is one of the most serious complications that can result from diabetes. This article will help you identify the warning signs of the...

What are the Different Types of Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is a health complication occurring in diabetes patients that typically causes nerve damage. To know more about neuropathy, read on...

How Does Yoga Help in Diabetes Prevention

Diabetes can be tackled well with a good diet and exercise and most of the experts recommend a natural and globally accepted workout, that is yoga. So how does yoga help in diabetes prevention? Know all about these facts in the...

Ayurvedic Treatment for Diabetes

If you are looking for an Ayurvedic treatment for diabetes, then you are on the right page. Indian Ayurveda, the traditional Indian life science, encourages people to use naturally available medicines which come with minimum or...

Complications of Uncontrolled Diabetes

Diabetes is counted among the most common as well as increasing chronic conditions all across the globe. It is very important for a diabetic patient to keep the blood sugar levels under control, as the complications of uncontrolled...

Dizziness and Diabetes

This article tries to explore the relationship between dizziness and diabetes. People diagnosed with diabetes and their family members, need to know that dizziness is one of main symptoms of diabetes, which needs immediate...

Diabetes and Vision Loss

Diabetes is a cruel affliction whose baneful clutches often spread over a lot of other bodily organs and their functions. The following article tells you all about diabetes and vision loss and ways to manage this condition.

Low Vitamin D Levels and Diabetes

Low level of vitamin D has been linked to diabetes. The aim of this article is to provide information on the exact role of vitamin D deficiency in causing diabetes.

Magnesium Deficiency and Diabetes

According to recent studies, it is found that magnesium deficiency can cause diabetes. Here is detailed information about the relation between the two.

How to Test for Diabetes

This article presents to you with a quick data on how to test for diabetes. The article also lets you know about some basic facts on this common disorder of the endocrine gland called pancreas.

Early Symptoms of Diabetes in Women

This article gives you an in-depth study on the early symptoms of diabetes in women, and the symptoms that occur as the disorder progresses. Apart from the symptoms, a lot more about this condition has been provided as well.

Diabetic Coma Vs. Insulin Shock

Diabetic coma is a life-threatening diabetic complication, and an insulin shock is another name for hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. Both are basically complications of diabetes. Let's see the difference.

How to Diagnose Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes affects millions of people all across the globe, and the worse part is that there are a large number of people who still remain undiagnosed. This article on how to diagnose diabetes mellitus will help you understand the...

Is Bubbly Urine a Sign of Diabetes?

Do bubbles in ones urine mean that one could have diabetes? If not, then what causes bubbles in urine and is it something that one should be worried about? Continue reading for more information and answers on the same.

Long Term Complications of Diabetes

Long term complications of diabetes may result in life-threatening conditions. Find out detailed information about the complications in the following Buzzle article.

Early Signs of Diabetes in Men

If you diagnose some of the early signs of diabetes in men, you can stop the disease from advancing. So, what are the different diabetes symptoms that men show? Let's find out from the following transitions.

Chromium Picolinate for Diabetes

Chromium picolinate supplements are used to treat various conditions like diabetes, depression, and weight gain. Read on to know the benefits and side effects of these supplements.

What is Brittle Diabetes?

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