StemCell Therapy

Adipose tissue is an inexhaustible source of adult fat stem cells.

Have been identified stem cells capable of producing fat tissue. These fat stem cells from adipose tissue may help to understand how it develops fat tissue and which drugs or develop treatments against obesity. There are two types of adipose tissue: the white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), the first one lipid rich while the second one lipids burning and warm producing. BAT founds in adult humans and it is very important to research on obesity because it represents a potential pathway by which the body controls the metabolism burning excess fat to produce heat. Adipose stem cells have many therapeutic Aplications: repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. Can be recovered in large quantities through liposuction or fragments of subcutaneous adipose tissue and can be easily expanded in vitro.

Stem cells have the unique characteristic of being able to choose, with each cell division, whether to produce copies of themselves or specialized cell. Thanks to this characteristic, the stem cells are critical for the maintenance of tissues such as blood, skin and intestines.

The regeneration represents a real alternative: expect the body to repair the damage inflicted by disease, accidents or aging through its stem cells.

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Fat Stem Cells Doc. Alberto Rossi Todde

As part of a facial fat transfer procedure, physicians are now able incorporate stem cells to help patients achieve the best possible results. Traditional facial fat transfer procedures involve using the patients own body fat to plump up sunken or emaciated areas of the face but the results dont usually last very long. Adult stem cells can be introduced to the process to improve long-term results. Stem cell facial fat transfer procedures are used to treat chronic skin conditions like wrinkles, sun damage and redness.

Stem cells are being used in facial fat transfer procedures because they help stimulate fat cells, which die as we age. When fat cells die, they often cause areas of the face to look sunken, which can cause wrinkles and sagging skin. Stem cells are also believed to encourage cell regeneration, which repairs cells damaged by the sun and aging. Stem cells also stimulate skin cells to produce more collagen and elastin, which thicken and firm skin. Stem cell facial fat transfer procedures are a noninvasive way for patients to reduce natural signs of aging in a natural way.

Adult stem cells are used during fat transfer procedures. These stem cells are different from embryonic stem cells because they are autologous meaning they are extracted from fat in the patients abdomen or thigh. During facial fat transfer procedures, the fat removal and stem cell removal is accomplished at the same time.

Adult stem cells are naturally occurring and regenerative, so the patient is not affected by the removal. Stem cells can be found in various tissues throughout the body and are often referred to as undifferentiated cells meaning they are essentially a biological blank slate. Because of this, stem cells are capable of becoming another differentiated type of cell such as a skin cell, a fat cell or a muscle cell. Stem cells are added to facial fat transfer procedures to improve the quality, health and appearance of the skin over the long term.

A stem cell fat transfer procedure is accomplished in less than an hour, and the patient is given a local anesthetic no general or intravenous anesthesia is necessary. The physician will start by removing the subcutaneous fat from the abdomen or thigh area using a small syringe. Once its harvested, the physician will separate the fat cells, stem cells and growth factor from the fat. This mixture will later be re-injected into the treatment area.

What makes stem cell facial fat transfer procedures different from other fat transfer procedures is that the fat cells and stem cells are mixed with specific combination of growth factors that help them survive. Autologous growth factors such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are embedded in micro-hydraulic acid beads to allow for the release of these growth factors over longer periods of time. By constantly stimulating the fat cells and stem cells, growth factors help the damaged tissues develop into healthy tissue.

This anti-aging process ultimately restores lost fat, enhances the volume of the face, and improves the quality and texture of the skin. The procedure usually involves up to three injections of this mixture so that each layer of the skin receives even treatment.

Each patients recovery from a stem cell facial fat transfer procedure will be different depending on the condition being treated. Its important to note that it is not just the face that needs to heal, but the donor site as well. Following the procedure, patients may experience some swelling and bruising around the treatment area during the first seven to 10 days. During this time, patients want to avoid movement in the treatment area to avoid damage to the graft. Minor soreness is expected within the first couple days at the donor site, but it is usually manageable with over-the-counter pain medications.

The effects of this procedure typically last for five to six years. However, with regular care and follow-up appointments to reintroduce growth factors as a way to increase tissue survival, results can last up to eight to 10 years. Results develop over time and are seen during the course of three to four months. Patients have been thrilled with their results because their skin looks and feels better.

Request more information about stem cell facial fat transfer today. Call (317) 900-4440 or contact Dr. Michele Zormeier online.

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Stem Cell Facial Fat Transfer in Zionsville, IN

Adult Stem Cell Therapy

Adult stem cells circulate throughout our bodies and act as natural healers. These cells have vast potential and limitless capabilities. For more than 40 years, adult stem cells have been used to treat cancer patients. Recent advancements in adult stem cell therapy have been astounding. Cells from an ill patient are being used as part of the treatment. There is no possibility of the body rejecting the new tissue formed, making stem cell treatment safe and effective in achieving positive medical outcomes. It is important to note that adult stem cell therapy is not controversial because it involves the use of a patients own tissues and NOT derived from embryos.

Clinical results from cardiac, pulmonary, neurological and vascular procedures have shown that the adult stem cell procedures are as safe as traditional procedures and are complimentary to current medical practice.

Visit our Facebook Page and read more about our real life patients and how adult stem cell therapy has changed their lives.

Adult stem cells are extracted from the patients bone marrow and fat (adipose). At Intercellular Sciences, the naturally occurring stem cells in the blood are cultivated into millions of Regenocyte Adult Stem Cells. The Regenocyte Stem Cells are produced in our international treatment center and are administered into the area of need for the patient. Once injected, they stimulate tissue re-growth and greater blood flow to the affected areas. The goal of the treatment is to replace damaged cells and to promote the growth of new blood vessels and tissues in order to help the target organ function at a greater capacity. There is no risk of rejection since the Adult Stem Cells received are directly from the patient.

Regenocyte Adult Stem Cell Therapy is safe, highly effective and presents minimal risk.

Cardiac:

Pulmonary:

Vascular:

Neurologic:

If you think that adult stem cell therapy treatment may be out of reach for your health issues,it is not. Treatment is available today. Regenocyte Adult Stem Cell Therapy results have exceeded expectations. For more information on Intercellular Sciences treatments, results and updates on advances in adult stem cell therapy, please register for our newsletter today.

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Adult Stem Cell Therapy is safe, effective, with minimal risk.

Evidence-Based Gerontology

One of the most important things about the Okinawa Centenarian Study is the fact that it is based on solid evidence. The most important evidence needed for any centenarian study is reliable age-verification data. Throughout Japan (including Okinawa prefecture), every city, town, and village records birth, marriage and death data (among other data) in a koseki (family register). This system was instituted throughout Japan in the 1870's. The koseki is supplemented by a regular census undertaken every five years. Life tables calculated from this database show one of the world's longest life expectancies and prevalence data show the world's highest known concentration of centenarians for any country or state.

After examining over 900 Okinawan centenarians and numerous other elderly in their seventies, eighties, and nineties, some fascinating findings have emerged. One, genetic factors appear important to human longevity, including Okinawan longevity. Two, it has also become clear that the Okinawan lifestyle provides many reasons why older Okinawans are so remarkably healthy so far into their senior years. Discovering the reasons for the apparent genetic and environmental advantages could have an important impact on our health and well-being in the West. Below appear some of the key findings and what they mean in terms of healthy aging -- for the Okinawans, and the rest of us.

Identifying factors that help us remain healthy, vigorous and disability-free at older ages is one of our major research priorities. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project and the HapMap Project (a project to identify common variations in human genes), a promising novel strategy by some human longevity researchers is to try to identify genes (and variations of those genes) that impact human aging and longevity. If such genes and their genetic pathways can be identified then novel therapies might be created that affect the biology of these pathways. This may help prevent or treat age-associated diseases and perhaps even slow aging itself. Such therapies might include interventions as simple as diet and focused exercise, specific food compounds, neutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals.

How much of human longevity is due to genes? Estimates of the heritability of human lifespan vary from 10-50% with the most common finding being that about a third of human lifespan may be heritable. Phenotypes that suggest slower aging, such as survival to 90+ years, may have an even stronger genetic basis, which explains why centenarians and near-centenarians tend to cluster in families. But until the discovery of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, there was little evidence for a single gene effect large enough to impact human longevity. This discovery has been replicated in many populations, suggests that associations with some genes are large.

Studies of long-lived humans, such as American centenarians, have helped identify other promising genetic loci for longevity and healthy aging. However, these studies are often limited in scope due to small sample sizes, genetic admixture, and inappropriate selection of controls. Some success has been achieved through use of genetically homogeneous populations with smaller gene pools.

Our research group was the first to identify so called "human longevity genes" using centenarians as a study model when we published a study showing that Okinawan centenarians have HLA (human leukocyte antigen) genetic polymorphisms that place them at lower risk for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (see figure below: Takata et al., Lancet 1987).

We also studied the mortality patterns of centenarian siblings. Past family studies in other populations have shown that there are familial (genetic) components to longevity. That is, longevity tends to run in families. In support of this, we found that a mortality advantage exists for centenarian siblings versus their age-matched birth cohorts. This advantage appears sustained over the course of the siblings' lives. At each 5-year age interval until age 90 years, siblings of Okinawan centenarians maintained approximately a 50% lower mortality risk. This resulted in an average of 11.8 years extra lifespan compared to their age-matched birth cohort. The sustained mortality advantage over the life course provides further evidence that human longevity has an important genetic component since most environmental mortality advantages, such as education, diminish or disappear completely in older age groups (see figure below from Willcox BJ et al. Siblings of Okinawan centenarians exhibit lifelong mortality advantages. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:345-54).

In order to quantify the genetic contribution to Okinawan longevity, we studied the sibling recurrence risk ratio or "lambda of sib (ls)" in siblings of Okinawan centenarians. This is a calculation that has been shown to give a rough idea of how important genes might be to a given phenotype, such as a disease, or even to something more complex like human longevity.

We analyzed a population-based sample of 348 Okinawan centenarians (born between 1874 and 1902) and 969 of their siblings (507 females and 462 males) to explore the feasibility of a genome-wide study of Okinawan longevity. The ls for Okinawan centenarians was 6.5 (95% confidence interval: 3.9-10.7) for females and 5.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.8-14.2) for males, respectively. The weighted sex-combined ls was 6.3. These estimates in Okinawans appear to be higher than those obtained in past work on U.S. Caucasians. For example, a study of the familial component of longevity in Utah families estimated the ls to be 2.3. This suggests an important genetic component to Okinawan longevity and supports further work on the genetics of healthy aging and longevity in this population (see Willcox BJ et al., Substantial advantage for longevity in siblings of Okinawan centenarians. Genetic Epidemiology). 2005;29:286.

Does this mean that Okinawan longevity is all genetic? Not at all. We believe the Okinawans have both genetic and non-genetic longevity advantages -- the best combination. In fact, we have written extensively that the Okinawan traditional way of life -- the dietary habits, the physical activity, the psychological and social aspects, all play an important role in Okinawan longevity.

While most studies of humans have suggested that about a third of human longevity is due to genetics, this depends on the age, sex, ethnicity and environment of the study population. For example, studies of "model organisms" of aging, such as rodents, who share many of the same genes as humans, have shown that single genes can influence lifespan by 50% or more. On the other hand, studies of lifestyle interventions, such as eating fewer calories (a.k.a. "caloric restriction") have shown that this dietary intervention can also yield increases in lifespan of a similar magnitude (see Willcox DC et al., Caloric restriction and human longevity: what can we learn from the Okinawans? Biogerontology. 2006;7:173-77). The key is to study both genetic and non-genetic (environmental) factors and ultimately "gene-environment" interactions that lead to healthy longevity.

One of the most durable theories of aging is the free radical theory. This theory postulates that damage from free radicals (unstable molecules), generated mainly from metabolizing food into energy, ultimately damages vital body molecules (tissue, DNA, etc.). This damage accumulates with time until, like an old car, we fall apart. In support of this theory, one of the most important findings in free-radical research has been that eating fewer calories increases life span (Sohal RS, et al. Science 1996;273:59-63; Heilbronn LK, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:361-9). The initial evidence that this may work in humans has been indirect and based on observation of the low caloric intake of the Okinawans and their long life expectancy (Willcox DC, et al. Biogerontology 2006). More direct evidence suggests that Okinawans following the traditional ways have low blood levels of free radicals. The elders had significantly lower levels of lipid peroxide-compelling evidence that they suffer less free-radical-induced damage. This may indicate healthier lifestyles but may also be due to gene variants that result in lower blood levels of free radicals. This is currently under investigation.

Levels of Lipid Peroxides in Okinawan Centenarians and Septuagenarians

Elderly Okinawans were found to have impressively young, clean arteries, low cholesterol, and low homocysteine levels when compared to Westerners. These factors help reduce their risk for coronary heart disease by up to 80% and keep stroke levels low.

Their healthy arteries appear to be in large part due to their lifestyle: diet, regular exercise, moderate alcohol use, avoidance of smoking, blood pressure control, and a stress-minimizing psychospiritual outlook. However, there are also potential genetic aspects such as lower fibrinogen levels possibly due to differences in fibrinogen-related genes. A recent autopsy study that we conducted on a centenarian demonstrated that her coronary arteries were virtually free of atherosclerotic plague (Bernstein, Willcox et al. JGMS 2004).

The chart to the right indicates that the higher the plasma homocysteine (a new risk factor) level is, the more people suffer from cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine is an amino acid that causes damage to arterial walls. It is higher in people who don't get enough folate (e.g. green leafy vegetables) and vitamins B6, B12 but low in Okinawans.

Okinawans are at extremely low risk for hormone-dependent cancers including cancers of the breast, prostate, ovaries, and colon. Compared to North Americans, they have 80% less breast cancer and prostate cancer, and less than half the ovarian and colon cancers. Some of the most important factors that may protect against those cancers include low caloric intake, high vegetables/fruits consumption, higher intake of good fats (omega-3, mono-unsaturated fat), high fiber diet, high flavonoid intake, low body fat level, and high level of physical activity.

Hormone-Dependent Cancer Risk

Yearly Cancer Deaths (per 100,000 people)

Adapted from World Health Organization 1996; Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare 1996

NK, a typical healthy centenarian was reported to be in particularly good health, completely independent, and still farming. He is shown here getting his bone density tested by heel bone ultrasound.

Okinawans have about 20% fewer hip fractures than do mainland Japanese, and Japanese have about 40% fewer hip fractures than Americans (Ross PD, et al. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:801-9). Our research on Okinawan elders showed that their bone density, when adjusted for body size, is similar to Americans, and like the rest of us they continue to lose bone mass as they get older, but possibly at a slower rate. We compared bone mineral density in a group of Okinawans to two groups from mainland Japan and found that by age forty for women and age fifty for men the groups began to diverge. The Japanese began to lose significantly more calcium from their bones than the Okinawans, suggesting the Okinawans preserve their bone density at healthy levels for longer periods of time than other Japanese (Suzuki M, et al. Japanese J Bone Res 1995;63:166-72). Protective lifestyle factors that may play a role here include high calcium intake by Okinawans in both food and their natural drinking water, high vitamin D levels from exposure to sunlight, increased physical activity, especially at older ages, and high intake of dietary flavonoids (estrogenic compounds from plant foods).

Prevalence surveys suggest that the dementia rate is fairly low among the Okinawan elderly, compared to other elderly populations. Even into their late 90s Okinawans suffered lower dementia rates than reported for comparable populations in the United States and elsewhere.

Photo: 97 year old karate master Seikichi Uehara

Okinawan centenarians have been lean throughout their extraordinarily long lives, with an average body mass index (BMI) that ranged from 18 to 22 (lean is less than 23). The Okinawans have traditionally kept eating a low-calorie, low glycemic load diet, practicing calorie control in a cultural habit known as hara hachi bu (only eating until they are 80% full), and keeping physically active the natural way. Particular exercise interventions are under study for their role in healthy aging.

Women's health and aging is one of our research interests. For example, women in Okinawa tend to experience menopause naturally and nonpharmacologically with fewer complications such as hot flashes, hip fractures, or coronary heart disease. Lifestyle determinants include diet, avoidance of smoking and exercise in the form of dance, soft martial arts, walking and gardening. Okinawan women also have a very high intake of natural estrogens through their diet, mainly from the large quantities of soy they consume. Soy contains phytoestrogens, or plant estrogens called flavonoids. The other important major phytoestrogens are lignans, which are derived from flax and other grains. All plants, especially legumes (beans, peas), onions, and broccoli, contain these natural estrogens, but not nearly in the same quantity as soy and flax. Recent double-blind placebo controlled studies support the ability of soy isoflavones to slow the bone loss (Alekel D, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;72:844-52) and hot flashes (Albertazzi P, et al. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:6-11) that occur with menopause.

Okinawan elders may have higher levels of sex hormones, including natural DHEA, estrogen, and testosterone than similarly aged Americans, suggesting that the Okinawans are physiologically younger. DHEA is a steroid produced in the human adrenal gland, and some studies suggest that it may help ameliorate the ravages of aging. However, taking DHEA supplements could increase risk for breast and other cancers so we do not recommend taking DHEA supplements. More supported by the scientific literature is that DHEA levels decline in direct ratio with age, so it may be a good marker of biological age. Okinawans appear to have higher DHEA levels than similarly aged Americans suggesting that Okinawans may age slower than Americans. As Okinawans age, both sexes maintain remarkably higher levels of estrogen which may help protect against heart disease and osteoporosis. Testosterone is the male equivalent of estrogen. Higher endogenous levels increase our muscle mass and our body hair, deepen our voices, and control our libidos, among other functions. This hormone also appears higher in older Okinawan men. Cross-national population studies are needed to confirm these differences and their biological significance.

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The Okinawa Centenarian Study : Evidence based gerontology

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Patient from Portugal, Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis, One month after treatment he could walk again Read More...

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NEW modern technology - activating autologous stem cells and replacing damaged cells

Patient from Portugal, 44 years old. Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis.

In December 2012 his condition exacerbated. He started using wheelchairs. His disease progressed. He was not able to walk. He was not able to see. Nine months of usual treatments for MS accompanied by chemotherapy did not help. Then he found Swiss Medica Stem Cell Clinic. Stem celltreatment started immediately. One month later he was able to walk again.

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Holistic medicine considers a person to be a functional unit. The disease symptoms are signs of disruption in the system of the body. By activating the bodys ability of self-regulation we can eliminate this disruption. In Swiss Medica XXI Century S.A. we seek the cause of the disease, and provide a setting: to allow the body to use its own powers of self-healing to overcome the disease.

Our primary task is to make your own cells treat your own body. We use advanced technology to activate dormant cells (adipose mesenchymal stem cells) to differentiate into the cells we need, and then to replace the damaged cells. Symptoms become less prominent and disappear.

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Stem cells treatment clinic

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Updated December 10, 2014.

Certain arthritic conditions can affect parts of the body other than the joints. For example, tendons, muscles, and skin can become inflamed and painful.

Some rheumatic conditions can affect internal organs and result in debilitating or even life-threatening complications.

The two most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. While they are both classified as arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are very different and must be distinguished.

Many people believe arthritis is a disease that only affects old people. In fact, arthritis can affect anyone at any age, including children. The incidence of arthritis increases with age, but nearly 3 out of 5 people with arthritis are under age 65.

If left undiagnosed and untreated, many types of arthritis can cause irreversible damage to the joints, bones, organs, and skin. It is essential to be diagnosed early in the course of the disease and treated appropriately. Knowing your type of arthritis is essential.

Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, results from wear and tear on the joint. Cartilage damage develops which can lead to decreased joint function. The first signs of osteoarthritis are:

Usually, osteoarthritis onset is subtle and gradual, involving one or only a few joints. The joints most often affected are the:

The risk of developing osteoarthritis increases with age. Other risk factors include: joint injury, obesity, and repetitive use of the joint.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which occurs when the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (cell lining inside the joint). Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory type of arthritis, chronic and potentially disabling. The first signs of the disease are:

While the cause remains elusive, doctors suspect that genetic factors play some role in predisposition to the disease. But there is more than genetic predisposition. It is thought that there are also environmental triggers for rheumatoid arthritis.

Juvenile arthritis is a general term for all types of arthritis that occur in children, 16 years old or younger. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis in children. There are three major types of JRA:

Signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis vary from child to child. No single test can conclusively establish a diagnosis. Juvenile arthritis must be present consistently for six or more consecutive weeks before a correct diagnosis can be made.

Psoriatic arthritis is similar to rheumatoid arthritis. About 5% of people with psoriasis (a chronic skin disease) also develop psoriatic arthritis. In psoriatic arthritis, there is inflammation of the joints and sometimes the spine.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a painful condition characterized by:

Fibromyalgia is characterized by pain in the muscles, ligaments and tendons. Fibromyalgia is a type of soft tissue or muscular rheumatism and does not cause joint deformities.

Gout is a painful type of arthritis that causes sudden, severe attacks of pain, tenderness, redness, warmth, and swelling in the joints, especially the big toe. The pain and swelling associated with gout are caused by uric acid crystals that precipitate out of the blood and are deposited in the joint.

Pseudogout, which is also known as Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPD), is caused by deposits of calcium phosphate crystals (not uric acid) in the joints. CPPD is often mistaken for gouty arthritis. Since CPPD is a different disease than gout, treatment is not the same.

Scleroderma is a disease of the body's connective tissue that causes thickening and hardening of the skin. It can also affect the:

There are two types of scleroderma: localized and generalized (systemic).

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can involve the:

Symptoms vary, but may include skin rash, arthritis, fever, anemia, fatigue, hair loss, mouth ulcers, and kidney problems. Symptoms usually first appear in women of childbearing age, but, can occur in children or older people. About 90% of people affected are women.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve at the wrist which causes tingling and numbness in the fingers. It can begin suddenly or gradually and can be associated with other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis -- or it may be unrelated to other disorders.

Ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine, can cause the vertebrae to fuse, producing a rigid spine. Other joints, besides the spine, may become involved.

Spondylitis is a result of inflammation which usually starts in tissue outside the joint. Common, early symptoms of spondylitis involve low back pain and stiffness which may continue for months.

The exact cause is still unknown, but, most people with spondylitis have a genetic marker known as HLA-B27. Having this genetic marker does not mean a person will develop spondylitis, but people with the marker are more likely to develop the disease. Ankylosing spondylitis usually affects men between the ages of 16 and 35, but it can also affect women.

Bursitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the bursa sacs. Bursae are the fluid-filled sacs located in the areas where muscles and tendons glide over the bones. Tendinitis, also spelled tendonitis, is characterized by inflammation of a tendon. Tendons connect muscles to bones.

Infectious arthritis is a form of joint inflammation caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Diagnosis is made by culturing the organism from the joint.

Reactive arthritis, also called Reiter's syndrome, involves inflammation in the joints, and sometimes where ligaments and tendons attach to bones.

Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by dysfunction of the moisture-producing glands causing dryness of the mouth and eyes. Other parts of the body may also be affected, resulting in a wide range of symptoms.

Osteoporosis results in loss of bone tissue, leaving bones less dense and prone to fracture. Osteoporosis is a silent disease that can often be prevented.

Sources:

Arthritis: Timely Treatments for An Ageless Disease, FDA Consumer, May-June 2000

Do I Have Arthritis? NIAMS. March 2010.

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An Overview of Arthritis

Arthritis is the of one or more . Classic symptoms of arthritis include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness. However, there are over 100 types of arthritis with varying manifestations.

Arthritis may be due to gradual wear and tear on the joints or result from an autoimmune disorder. It may be triggered by injury (such as a fracture) or infection (, , or ). A person may have more than one type of arthritis.

Arthritis affects both sexes and all ethnicities. Most types are more common in adults, but arthritis can occur at any age and can affect joints in many different parts of the body. Some specific types of arthritis include:

Some organizations classify fibromyalgia, Sjogren syndrome, scleroderma, and lupus (SLE) as types of arthritis as well.

Laboratory tests can be useful in diagnosing these forms of arthritis and/or ruling out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. For more detailed information on these, click on the linked condition name to go to that article.

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Arthritis - Lab Tests Online

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Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints. A joint is the area where two bones meet. There are over 100 different types of arthritis.

Joint inflammation; Joint degeneration

Arthritis involves the breakdown of cartilage. Normal cartilage protects a joint and allows it to move smoothly. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk. Without the normal amount of cartilage, the bones rub together. This causes, swelling (inflammation), and stiffness.

Joint inflammation may result from:

In most cases, the joint inflammation goes away after the cause goes away or is treated. Sometimes it does not. When this happens, you have chronic arthritis. Arthritis may occur in men or women. Osteoarthritis is the most common type.

Other, more common types of arthritis include:

Arthritis causes joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Symptoms can include:

The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history.

The physical exam may show:

Some types of arthritis may cause joint deformity. This may be a sign of severe, untreated rheumatoid arthritis.

Blood tests and joint x-rays are often done to check for infection and other causes of arthritis.

Your doctor may also remove a sample of joint fluid with a needle and send it to a lab to be checked.

The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve function, and prevent further joint damage. The underlying cause often cannot be cured.

LIFESTYLE CHANGES

Lifestyle changes are the preferred treatment for osteoarthritis and other types of joint swelling. Exercise can help relieve stiffness, reduce pain and fatigue, and improve muscle and bone strength. Your health care team can help you design an exercise program that is best for you.

Exercise programs may include:

Your health care provider may suggest physical therapy. This might include:

Other things you can do include:

Apply capsaicin cream over your painful joints. You may feel improvement after applying the cream for 3 to 7 days.

Lose weight, if you are overweight. Weight loss can greatly improve joint pain in the legs and feet.

MEDICINES

Medicines may be prescribed along with lifestyle changes. All medicines have some risks. You should be closely followed by a doctor when taking arthritis medicines.

Over-the-counter medicines:

Prescription medicines:

It is very important to take your medicines as directed by your doctor. If you are having problems doing so (for example, because of side effects), you should talk to your doctor. Also make sure your doctor knows about all the medicines you are taking, including vitamins and supplements bought without a prescription.

SURGERY AND OTHER TREATMENTS

In some cases, surgery may be done if other treatments have not worked. This may include:

A few arthritis-related disorders can be completely cured with proper treatment.

Most forms of arthritis however are long-term (chronic) conditions.

Complications of arthritis include:

Call your doctor if:

Your joint pain persists beyond 3 days.

You have severe unexplained joint pain.

The affected joint is significantly swollen.

You have a hard time moving the joint.

Your skin around the joint is red or hot to the touch.

You have a fever or have lost weight unintentionally.

Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent joint damage. If you have a family history of arthritis, tell your doctor, even if you do not have joint pain.

Avoiding excessive, repeated motions may help protect you against osteoarthritis.

Hunter DJ, Lo GH. The management of osteoarthritis: an overview and call to appropriate conservative treatment. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93:127-43, xi.

Huizinga TW, Pincus T. In the clinic. Rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 6;153(1):ITC1-1-ITC1-15.

Neustadt DH. Osteoarthritis. In: Bope ET, Kellerman RD, eds. Conn's Current Therapy 2013. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2012:chap 9.

ODell JR. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, et al, eds. Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2012:chap 71.

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Arthritis | University of Maryland Medical Center

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Characteristics

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes individuals with a range of symptoms, abilities, and levels of impairment. Some children with autism are very high-functioning, communicating with others and performing well at school, while others experience significant impairment and remain highly dependent on caregivers.

Symptoms

Exact traits may vary by child, but autism is characterized by the following symptoms:

Social impairment. Kids with autism tend to make less eye contact, fail to respond to people in their environment, avoid sharing enthusiasm about activities by pointing or showing toys to others, and have atypical responses to others emotions. They often fail to reciprocate others emotions and avoid interacting socially with peers or adults.

Communication difficulties. For many children with autism, communication abilities remain a challenge. Early signs of autism include failure to develop age-appropriate gestures (e.g., pointing or waving), slowness in responding to their name, and a sudden stop in babbling after age one. Children show general language delays, having difficulty using complete sentences, substituting special made-up words in conversation, or repeating the same phrase over and over.

Repetitive behaviors. One of the hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorder is repetitive behaviors. This might include hand flapping, rocking, or finger flicking. Some children with autism may develop highly focused interests that have an obsessive quality. For example, some kids feel driven to learn as much as possible about trains, dinosaurs, or Star Trek. Interrupting these preoccupations, such as moving a favorite toy train, can be extremely upsetting for a child with autism.

Neurological and Physiological Changes

Researchers continue to explore the neurobiological changes associated with ASD. MRI studies have found that children with autism have some brain areas that are larger than neurotypical children, while other brain areas are smaller. During development, abnormal neuronal growth and problems with pruning of growing neurons may contribute to these differences.

Specifically, many children with autism have changes in the temporal lobe. This lobe is important for language processing, attention, empathy, facial processing, and social abilities. Changes in the structure and function of the temporal lobe may underlie autistic kids difficulties connecting socially, showing appropriate emotions, and communicating with others.

A recent study has also found that brain chemicals differ between neurotypical children and those with ASD. In early childhood, kids with autism have lower levels of an important brain chemical called N-acetylaspartate (NAA). NAA is thought to help with efficient nerve impulse transmission and the creation of connections between neurons.

Two recurring conditions associated with autism spectrum disorder are decreased oxygenation to certain areas of the brain and gastrointestinal problems. Many researchers believe that immune system dysfunction may contribute to these issues, providing a potential treatment target addressed by stem cell therapy.

Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Understanding the causes of autism spectrum disorder is an ongoing effort by research scientists worldwide. Although the causes of autism remain poorly understood, some clues exist.

1) Genetic factors. While specific genes have not been characterized, genetic risk factors play a role in the development of autism. A child who has siblings with autism is more likely to be diagnosed with the disorder. Furthermore, autism rates are higher among people with certain genetic disorders, including untreated phenylketonuria (PKU) and Fragile X syndrome.

2) Prenatal environment. Environmental factors occurring before birth may increase autism risk. For example, viral infections during pregnancy, congenital rubella, gestational diabetes, obesity, and exposure to alcohol or drugs may increase the likelihood that a child develops autism.

3) Postnatal environment. After birth, several factors may increase the risk of autism. Exposure to heavy metals, gastrointestinal problems, metabolic imbalances, changes in detoxification pathways, and autoimmune diseases may contribute to autism risk. The popular media has reported about the connection between vaccines and autism, and there are twenty-two small studies supporting this link. However, controlled studies have provided no convincing scientific evidence to support the vaccine-autism connection.

How Can Stem Cell Treatment Help? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Purpose of Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy is a new advance in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder. At World Stem Cells Clinic in Cancun, experienced physicians perform a comprehensive assessment of your childs condition and recommend individualized treatment plans. In addition to performing the typical behavioral and biomedical treatment approaches for autism, stem cells are used to restore normal functioning. World Stem Cells Clinic uses the ATEC form, which has been used to evaluate ASD youngsters for both staging and statistically relevant changes. It has a history dating back to 2000, with continued relevance for anyone wishing to evaluate the level of symptom change following a therapy.

Clinical research studies suggest that using stem cells from bone marrow, adipose and other sources selected may address metabolic problems that contribute to ASD. Many children with autism have immunological problems, gastrointestinal issues, and increased inflammation. With stem cell therapy, these problems can be addressed to reduce autism symptoms, as we have seen in many of our patients.

Battling Autism With The Therapy

A person suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can undergo stem cell therapy for autism in USA. These persons have a number of symptoms including impairment disability and need constant supervision. Stem cell therapy has opened new avenues in treatment procedures of autism. It can not only rectify the behavioral or biomedical approaches but also help autistic patients to function normally. It has helped in decreasing digestive and inflammatory problems. Although further research is needed but studies have suggested stem cell therapy can address the problem of high metabolism among these patients that will reduce the autism symptoms.

Treatment Outcomes Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

After stem cell therapy at World Stem Cells Clinic, patients show improvements in perception, cognitive abilities, and fine motor skills. This may address several of the problems seen in children with autism, including social impairment and repetitive behaviors. World Stem Cells Clinic has seen the following improvements following stem cell therapy:

1. Improved digestion and a decrease in inflammatory problems.

2. Better tolerance to a variety of foods. Many children start trying new foods and liking them.

3. Improvements in behavior at home, school, and elsewhere.

4. Better quality and easier contact with the child (including improved eye contact and attention span). Children start looking at objects with interest.

5. Improved self-care skills, including ability to dress themselves and be potty trained.

6. Eating with utensils instead of the hands.

7. Diminished or no fear of loud noises, strangers, and bright colors

8. Children that are non-verbal begin making sounds, pronouncing syllables, and saying words. Non-verbal children develop larger vocabularies.

9. Development or improvement in writing skills.

10. Better sleeping habits

11. Improved attention span, concentration and interaction with other people.

12. A new life and hope for the family wanting their children to be self sufficient when they grow up.

HELP US HELP THEM!

Treatment Phases

Each patient undergoes a thorough assessment for stem cell therapy by trained medical staff, resulting in an individualized treatment plan that addresses any special needs. A typical course of treatment includes:

Day 1

Our physicians conduct a thorough physical, behavioral, and psychological assessment. We will collect a small blood sample and administer cell expansion medication. After we answer any questions and address relevant concerns, you will return to your hotel for a good nights sleep.

Day 2

Our physicians will review the laboratory results to determine whether your cell count is in the appropriate range. Depending on the results, you may undergo cell harvesting and processing. If your cell count is not adequate, we will provide additional medications or treatments to increase cell count.

Day 3

Board certified specialists physicians will harvest a bone marrow or adipose sample. In children and adolescents our protocol is carried out under inhalatory sedation, while adults only requirelocal anesthetics. Although you may feel some pain upon needle insertion, the entire procedure takes less than30 minutes and is generally pain-free. After the procedure, you may return to the hotel, with minimalrestrictions. The bone marrow or adipose sample is processed in our state-of-the-art laboratory by trained staff supervised by a lab physician.

Day 4

You will be treated by IV infusion and/or a lumbar puncture. These procedures inject the stem cells into the cerebrospinal fluid, allowing them to travel through the spinal canal directly into the brain. This eliminates restrictions imposed by the blood-brain barrier, increasing the efficacy of the stem cell therapy. You may be required to spend the day at the hospital or hotel, restricting your activities.

Day 5

Our physicians will conduct a thorough post-treatment examination and evaluate you prior to your release. We may employ additional ancillary treatments to maximize the effectiveness of the stem cell therapy.

What Makes Our Treatment Unique?

Unlike typical approaches to autism spectrum disorder treatment, which rely on psychological methods and medications that may be ineffective or cause side effects, our stem cell approach addresses what we think may be the root problems of autism. Prior to collection of the cells, we stimulate growth and assess the implantation potential of your sample. This ensures that you will receive the best possible outcomes, making a positive impact on your condition. Furthermore, our staff physicians are board-certified and have decades of experience in their specialties.

Your experience at World Stem Cells Clinic includes an open registry to monitor your treatment progress, information about the latest advances in stem cell research, and future assessments to evaluate your treatment gains. This is not just a one-stop treatment it is an ongoing relationship designed to help each patient experience improvement in his or her spectrum of dysfunction. Furthermore, we offer bilingual staff members, travel support, and excellent lodging options to make your stay as comfortable as possible. Our research-based treatment, world class physicians, and exceptional standards for patient care set World Stem Cells Clinic apart.

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Stem Cell Therapy For Autism In USA World Stem Cells

16.01.2015 - Press release

Circulation, metabolism, nutrition

On the 21 October 2014, Professor Philippe Menasch and his team from the cardiovascular surgery service of the Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, carried out a transplant of cardiac cells derived from human embryonic stem cells*, according to a method developed by the Department of Cell and Tissue Biotherapies of the Saint-Louis hospital, directed by Professor Jrme Larghero and through research led by this group within Inserm. The surgery, coupled with a coronary bypass*, was carried out on a woman of 68 years suffering from severe heart failure. Ten weeks after the intervention, the patient is feeling well, her condition has improved markedly, with no complications having been observed. This promising advance was presented this Friday, 16 January 2015 at the XXV European Days Conference of the French Society of Cardiology.

Human embryonic stem cells. Transplantation of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells into rat heart organotypic cultures. Presence of human cells, in the cardiac parenchyma of the rat two months after injection. The human cells are positive for human nuclear antigen marking (red). Cardiac rat tissue is positive for cardiac troponin 1 marking (green). I-Stem (Institiute for Stem Cell Therapy), Evry Genopole. Inserm/Habeler, Walter

The transplant was carried out as part of a clinical trial developed by the Public Hospitals of Paris (AP-HP) and through the work of the teams from AP-HP, Inserm and the universities of Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot. The cardiac cells were prepared according to a technique developed by the Department of Cell and Tissue Biotherapies of the Saint-Louis hospital. The cytogenetics laboratory of the Antoine Bclre Hospital and the French General Agency for Health Products and Equipment also contributed to the preparation of this phase I trial which will enable the verification of the safety and feasibility of the procedure

For 20 years Professor Menasch, currently co-director of an Inserm team within PARCC (Paris Centre for Cardiovascular Research), and his colleagues have been involved in stem cell* therapy for heart failure.

The team first tested the implant of skeletal muscle stem cells in necrosed areas of the heart in the laboratory. These cells were implanted into the heart of a patient with heart failure for the first time in the world on 15 June 2000. Following an initial series of these implants, always coupled with a coronary bypass, the team coordinated a European multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial whose results have still not been able to establish any significant benefit of these cells on the contractile function of patients hearts. One of the conclusions drawn from this trial was that to be fully efficient, transplanted cells should resemble the cells of the tissue to be repaired as much as possible, in this instance cardiac tissue. It was then decided to venture along the path of embryonic stem cells. Derived from embryos conceived in in vitro fertilisation, these cells do in fact possess pluripotent properties, that is, they are capable of developing into any type of cell of the body, including of course cardiac cells, as soon as they receive the appropriate signals during the culture cycle in the laboratory.

In 2007, the team then composed of, among others, Michel Pucat, Director of Research at Inserm, and Philippe Menasch showed that human embryonic stem cells could be differentiated into cardiac cells after being transplanted into the failing hearts of rats. Since then, many experiments have been carried out on different animal species in order to validate the efficacity of these cells and to optimise conditions which can guarantee maximum safety. At the end of this stage, a bank of pluripotent embryonic stem cells was formed in the conditions which satisfied all regulatory constraints applying to biological products for human use. Then, the Department of Cell and Tissue Biotherapies of the Saint-Louis hospital, still in liaison with the Inserm teams, developed and tested specialisation procedures for cells in order to produce young cardiac cells from them. The focus was then on the purification of the cells directed like so in order to ensure that the final product was expunged of any remaining pluripotent cells which could be potentially tumorigenic.

Besides, as initial experience with muscular stem cells showed the limitations of administering cells by multiple injections, their transfer is now performed using a patch that the cells are incorporated into. This patch is then placed on the area of the infarction. To that end, after the purification stage, the cardiac cells are incorporated into a circular fibrin gel which is applied, during the surgical procedure, to the necrosed area with just a few sutures ensuring that it is anchored to the cardiac tissue.

This type of surgery is aimed at serious heart failure which doesnt respond to the usual medicinal treatments but is not at the stage of a complete heart transplant. This is a promising advance, which we hope will enrich the therapeutic arsenal available to treat heart failure today explains Prof. Menasch. We are continuing the trial, which authorises us to carry out four other transplants. It would seem already that the benefits of the cells are linked mainly to the substances that they secrete. The direct administration of the substances, without going through a transplant of productive cells, is a path to explore.

This project has been entirely financed by funds from public intstitutions and societies and was authorised by the French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products (ANSM) after agreement with the Agency for Biomedicine for the importation and research on human embryonic cells.

Cell therapy: refers to cell transplants aiming to restore the function of tissue or an organ when it has been altered by an accident, illness or ageing. These therapies have benefited from recent scientific advances on stem cells and give millions of patients the hope of regenerative medicine.

Embryonic or pluripotent stem cells: they can renew indefinitely (self-renewal), multiply in a culture and be differentiated into more than 200 types of cell. In the course of development, they are destined to form all types of the bodys tissue.

Coronary bypass: a technique that enables the redirection of the bloodstream towards the cardiac muscle, by using a graft (coming from the saphenous vein or from a thoracic artery.) One end of the graft is connected to the aorta, the main artery supplying the coronary arteries; the other end is connected to the coronary artery, situated just behind the site of the obstruction. This creates a detour enabling the oxygenated blood to circulate towards the heart.

Circulation, metabolism, nutrition

30.07.2014 - Press release

By combining fundamental research and monitoring a single cohort of kidney-transplant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, the researchers have highlighted a beneficial effect of sirolimus, commonly used as an immunosuppressor in organ transplants, to prevent recurrence of vascular lesions on the transplanted kidney. ...

24.09.2015 - Press release

Des scientifiques provenant de 6 pays, runis au sein du projet ENS@T-HT mettent en commun leur expertise afin damliorer le diagnostic et la prise en charge thrapeutique de lhypertension artrielle primaire et secondaire par une approche axe sur les omiques . ...

07.10.2014 - Video press release

Eating disorders (ED) such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorder affect approximately 5-10% of the general population, but the biological mechanisms involved are unknown. Researchers at Inserm Unit 1073, Nutrition, inflammation and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis (Inserm/University of Rouen) ...

10.02.2014 - Press release

European cutting-edge research will be attended at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Chicago. ...

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Stem cell therapy for heart failure: first implant of ...

Jeffrey M. Friedman Professor; Investigator, HHMI

The application of modern methods in genetics has led to the identification of a new hormone, leptin, that regulates body weight. Leptin is an adipose tissue hormone that interacts with receptors in the brain to regulate food intake, energy expenditure and other neuroendocrine systems. The molecular mechanisms of leptin in the brain are under investigation. These studies are being conducted in parallel with efforts to identify obesity genes in the human.

1995 Amgen Inc.

Although the physiological regulation of body weight and appetite has been strongly suggested by experimental evidence, the elucidation of the relevant molecular mechanisms has proven difficult. The possible role of a brain-gut peptide, cholecystokinin (CCK), in these processes was the initial subject of investigation in this laboratory. CCK has been extensively evaluated as a possible satiety factor. CCK is secreted as a 33 amino acid peptide from endocrine cells in the jejeunum where it is released in response to nutrient in the intestinal lumen. The same CCK precursor is posttranslationally processed to an 8 amino acid peptide in brain. The single copy CCK gene is differentially regulated in brain and intestine during development and expressed ectopically in a class of primitive neuronal tumors3-6. The physiological role of CCK in controlling appetite is unclear. In 1973 Smith and Gibbs showed that injections of CCK reduce food intake in food deprived rodents. In addition, the levels of brain CCK were reported by Straus et al to be low in genetically obese (ob) mice8. However, nonpeptide CCK antagonists developed by Squibb and other pharmaceutical companies do not affect food intake and body weight in the long term9. Moreover, overexpression of CCK in transgenic mice did not affect food intake or body weight (unpublished data). Genetic mapping of the CCK gene to mouse chromosome 9 excluded it as being etiologic in any of the inherited rodent obesity syndromes10. These data raised the question as to the molecular basis of the phenotype in genetically obese (ob) and diabetic (db) mice.

Mutations in the mouse ob and db genes result in obesity and diabetes in a syndrome resembling morbid human obesity11, 12. Coleman, using the method of parabiosis, predicted that the ob gene encoded a novel hormone and that the db gene encoded its receptor11. Recent data from this laboratory are consistent with this hypothesis. The ob gene was identified by positional cloning and found to encode a 4.5 kB RNA expressed exclusively in adipocytes13-16. The ob gene product, known as LEPTIN, circulates as a 16 kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but is undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice17. Plasma levels of this protein are increased in diabetic (db ) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob17. The levels of protein are also increased in several other genetic and environmentally induced forms of rodent obesity including mice with lesions in the hypothalamus16. Daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant mouse leptin reduced body weight of ob/ob mice by 30% at 2 weeks and by 40 % after four weeks but had no effect on db/db mice17. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12% weight loss, decreased food intake and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7%. Recombinant human leptin reduced body weight with equivalent potency to mouse leptin when injected into ob mice17. In human, the plasma level of leptin correlated with body mass index (BMI) and % body fat18. However at a given BMI, there was significant variability in the leptin level. In all cases analyzed weight loss in human was associated with a decrease in plasma leptin concentration18. These data suggest that leptin serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores. In most instances, obesity is associated with an apparent decrease in sensitivity to endogenous leptin resulting in a compensatory increase in adipocyte mass. However, in a subset of cases human obesity appears to result from subnormal leptin secretion18-20.

The complete insensitivity of db mice to leptin and the identical phenotype of ob and db mice suggested that the db locus encodes the leptin receptor 11, 17. The db gene was localized to a 300 kB interval on mouse chromosome 419-21. Exon trapping and cDNA selection identified a candidate gene in this region. This candidate was found to be identical to a receptor (ob-R) which was functionally cloned from choroid plexus21, 22. However, because this receptor was normal in db mice, the possibility was raised that the db mutation affected an alternatively spliced form. The Ob-R gene was found to encode at least five alternatively spliced forms 21. One of the splice variants is expressed at a high level in the hypothalamus and at a lower level in other tissues. This transcript is mutant in C57BL/Ks db/db mice21. The mutation is the result of abnormal splicing leading to a 106 bp insertion into the 3' end of its RNA. The mutant protein is missing the cytoplasmic region and is likely to be defective in signal transduction. A nonsense mutation in facp rats, a rat equivalent of db, leads to premature termination NH2-terminal of the transmembrane domain (unpublished data). These data suggest that the weight reducing effects of leptin are mediated by signal transduction through a receptor in the hypothalamus and elsewhere.

Further studies have revealed that the Stat3 transcription factor is activated specifically in hypothalamus within 15 minutes of a single injection of leptin in ob and wild type but not in db mice23. In situ hybridization indicates that Ob-Rb is expressed in three different hypothalamic regions: the arcuate, ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic nuclei (in preparation). Lesions of each of these nuclei are known to affect body weight regulation. Further characterization of the neurons in these brain regions and their connections will have important implications for our understanding of leptin's actions and the molecular mechanisms regulating body weight.

Advances in genetics make it possible to identify human disease genes. The implementation of a genetic approach to the study of obesity will help establish whether the human ob or db genes account for genetic forms of obesity and also lead to the identification or validation of other candidate genes. Such studies require that large numbers of families be collected in which the trait of interest is inherited.

In order to implement this approach for the study of obesity, this laboratory has developed a collaboration with the Department of Health on the island of Kosrae in Micronesia. The citizens of this island have a high incidence of obesity, the basis of which is not understood. The Kosraen population is highly admixed between Micronesian and Caucasian ancestors, a fact that facilitates genetic analysis. A study has now been completed in which the entire adult population of Kosrae over twenty years of age, ~2500 individuals, has had a complete medical workup including measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and glucose levels. In addition, measurements of serum insulin, and eventually leptin, will be made. Measurements of serum cholesterol, and triglycerides have already been completed by Dr. Jan Breslows laboratory at Rockefeller University. In collaboration with the Stoffel laboratory, DNA has been isolated from each individual as well as information about the identity and medical status of other family members. To date, all 2500 DNA samples have been processed ad genetic analyses have begun. The availability of a complete clinical profile on an entire population, combined with modern methods in genetics should make it possible to establish the possible relationship of genetic variation at the human ob and db genes to human obesity. In addition, a highly admixed population provides an opportunity to identify additional loci that affect the control of body weight, as well as the medical problems that are often associated with obesity such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease.

Future studies will also focus on the physiologic effects of leptin. These include studies of leptin's effects on lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and insulin action. Available data suggest that neurons in the hypothalamus are a principle target of leptin actin. Studies to establish the neurotransmitter profile and projection of Ob-Rb positive neurons have begun. Analysis of the electrophysiologic effects of leptin on these cells will proceed simultaneously. Efforts to produce a higher activity version of leptin are also underway in studies of the structure function relationship of leptin and its receptors (collaborative with the Burley laboratory).

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The Rockefeller University Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Eyesight Ophthalmic Services is southern New Hampshire's leading provider of eye care for both adults and children.

Our skilled staff of ophthalmologists & optometrists can be seen at any of our three convenient locations in Portsmouth, Exeter, and Somersworth. For individual office information, click locations, hours, & directions.

For personal assistance or to schedule an appointment, call 1(888)222-EYES (3937).

Eyesight Ophthalmic Service wasfounded in 1983. We are southern New Hampshire's leading provider of eyecare for adults and children. Specializing in:

- Cataract Surgery & Premium Lens Implants - Macular Degeneration - BOTOX and Eyelid Surgery - Glaucoma - Routine Eyecare - Contact lenses - Designer frames and sunglasses - Low vision rehabilitation - Clinical Research - Diabetic Eye disease - Dry eye treatments - Laser Vision

Our skilled team of doctors will help you make the best decision on your cataract lens choices, whether they are monofocal or premium lenses. We offer a wide range of Premium Lenses including Crystalens, Trulign, Tecnis, and Acrysof Toric. Our doctors will help you determine which lens is best for your lifestyle. We are the only group offering premium intraocular lenses through seacoast area hospitals like Portsmouth Regional Hospital, Exeter Hospital, Frisbie Memorial Hospital and Wentworth Douglass Hospital.

Prepare for your visit and save time in the waiting room, with our downloadable patient forms. Take the time to download our patient forms and fill them out before your visit. Our friendly office staff will be glad to assist you if you have any questions.

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Eyesight NH - Cataract Surgery Portsmouth NH | LASIK Eye ...

Sports Medicine

An active lifestyle is important to millions of individuals, and the sports medical doctors at AOSMI are dedicated to keeping bodies in motion. From everyday athletes to weekend warriors to anyone wishing to live a healthy lifestyle, Sports Medicine is the best way to keep your body active on and off the playing field. AOSMI Sports Medicine Specialists are athletes and fitness fanatics themselves, and have firsthand experience, and a wealth of knowledge that help us customize treatment plans for individuals to live a pain free life, and lower the risk for injury.

Sports medicine is a specialty within orthopedic surgery devoted to the prevention and treatment of athletic injuries. Our sports injury doctors arent confined to any specific areas of the body, rather we focus on all of the joints, tendons, muscles, and bones involved in athletic activities. The structures most at risk from sporting injuries are the ligaments and tendons that stabilize and activate the joints. Certain sports are associated with specific types of injuries. For example runners often have foot and knee injuries, and pitchers often injure their shoulders and elbows.

Typical cause of sports related injuries includes:

Depending on the body part, some of the most common conditions related to sports injuries include:

As with any injury, its important to determine exactly what structures are involved and how severe your injury is.Our Sports Medicine Physiciansalways start with a detailed history and physical exam followed by an x-ray of the injured area.If no fractures are seen, further testing with MRI is often necessary to diagnose injuries to ligaments and tendons.

Conservative

The specialists at our orthopedic and sports institute have many non-invasive treatments to treat mild athletic injuries using a combination of the following:

Surgical

Sports medicine specialists have made great advances in treating the vast majority of injuries in a minimally invasive, arthroscopic fashion.

To learn more about the sports medical doctors at AOSMI, or the treatment and prevention of pain and injuries associated with physical activity, contact us today.

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NJ Sports Medicine | Sports Injury | AOSMI

Sports Medicinespecializes in orthopedic and sports-related rehabilitation for pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients. Our friendly and caring staff will work with your physician to create an individualized rehabilitation and physical therapy program that addresses your needs.

Our hand therapists will work with you to create a personalizedprogram with emphasis on but not limited to rehabilitation exercises, adaptive splinting/bracing, and ergonomic assessment. The techniques will allow you to regain independence in your everyday tasks and vocational activities. Visit Hand Therapy for more information.

Our physical therapists and sports medicine specialists understand the needs of pediatric and adolescent patients. They are adept at designing treatment programs to facilitate a safe and quick return to prior activities. Our highly trained staff also provides patient education and strength programs to help decrease the risk of reinjury.

Common pediatric and adolescent conditions treated in the Sports Medicine programinclude:

Our goal is to increase athletes' physical and mental development. We focus on increasing power, strength, speed, and endurance while lowering risk of injury. Our strength program is designed to work all muscle groups of the body. The conditioning program is designed to develop both metabolic energy systems, aerobic and anaerobic, while increasing agility, balance, coordination, speed, and power.

Work with our highly qualified strength and conditioning staff to:

Our programs are:

Our Sports Medicine program includes:

Individual and group strength and conditioning programs are available.

Although we expect our patients to work hard, our professional staff will make your experience enjoyable.

After rehabilitation, patients can work with our highly qualified strength and conditioning staff to prepare for competition by:

The program is sport specific in design and functionality.

The Silver Club is a program designed to increase strength, balance, flexibility, and coordination in older adults.

Our staff will explain all individualized programs and advance exercise programs appropriately. Our highly trained staff provides patient education to enhance awareness and decrease risk for injury. We understand the needs of older adults and have designed programs to facilitate safe and positive results.

Individual and group strength and conditioning programs are available.

Our hours are Monday through Friday 8 AM to 10 AM and 1 PM to 3:30 PM.

See how the Summit Medical Group Live Well Sports Festival promotes health and wellness!

Olympic Champions Shannon Miller and Tim Morehouse joined our practitioners in highlighting ways to:

Ready to get active more active? Call our Sports Medicine and Physical Therapy Specialists today at 908-277-8936.

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Sports Medicine | Summit Medical Group New Jersey

Houston Endocrinology Center is located in the Houstons area at 22485 State Highway 249. Our office has free parking and is conveniently situated on the first floor of the North Cypress Medical Center Building right at the back of the North Cypress Emergency Room at Willowbrook. We are a private practice that offers its patients an excellence and complete evaluation and treatment of diabetes disorders. Its caring and helpful team is here to serve all your needs providing high quality and cost effective patient care. We participate with many health insurance plans which often mean better coverage and less paperwork for you. We thank you for taking the time to consider Houston Endocrinology Center and hope you find our site informative. We look forward to hear from you and address your personal health care needs.

At Houston Endocrinology Center, we specialize in the evaluation and treatment of major problems surrounding diabetes. The three main types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes,type 2 diabetesand gestational diabetes. At Houston Endocrinology Center, we strive to offer excellent medical care while ensuring that our patients understand the basis of their illness and all complexities of the treatment plan. Patient satisfaction is our number one goal.

Houston Endocrinology Center offers both Nutrition and Diabetes Education. For those who want to lose weight or learn how to eat and look healthier, we provide the following assessments upon initial visit: review of 3-day food diary, review of medical history, review of physical fitness level, nutrition assessment, individualized goal setting, and basic nutrition education based on needs. We also will review goals and progress upon follow-up visits, providing continuous motivation and accountability. Upon request, we will provide grocery store tours and group classes allowing better comprehension through peer development. For those who need diabetes education, we provide not only diet and physical activity education and assessment, but instruct on acute/chronic complications derived from uncontrolled diabetes, meter testing, and medication application. We are certified to train and minister Medtronic, Omnipod, and Animas pumps as well as continuous glucose monitors. Furthermore, we are recognized by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for Diabetes and Self-Management Education along with a Diabetes Recognition from the National Committee for Quality Assurance best known as NCQA.

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Houston Endocrinology Center | Spring, Texas

Illinois Sports Medicine & Orthopedic Surgery Center(ISMOSC) is a state-of-the-art ambulatory surgery center licensed by the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) and accredited by the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care (AAAHC).

ISMOSC also received its Medicare certification from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and possesses both federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (IDFPR) controlled substance licenses. Our radiological devices are registered with the Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) and our small on-site laboratory is Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified.

Built with the patient in mind, ISMOSC has large private individual pre-op areas, state-of-the-art operating rooms, an expansive two-phase recovery area and a warm, comfortable family waiting room. As an added bonus, indoor parking is available for our patients and their families.

ISMOSC provides outpatient surgical / procedural services in the following clinical specialties:

We are dedicated to making your stay as pleasant as possible, and welcome any comments or suggestions you may have. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us at 847-213-5444. A copy of our Patients Rights and Responsibilities is available on this site as well as your surgeons office and at the surgery center.

We appreciate the trust you have placed in our staff, and will make every attempt to honor that trust by providing the highest quality medical care that you expect and deserve.

Nurses: thank you so much for making me feel so comfortable after surgery! You were all so nice and considerate and made me laugh. It was a fantastic environment to wake up in.

The staff were very friendly and made it easy on my 3 year old who was going in for a tonsilectomy/adenoidectomy. They went above and beyond to distract her and make her calm.

The staff spent time with you, thoroughly explained the situation, made sure you were comfortable at all times. They all worked as a team to make the patient at ease. The facility was clean and tidy.

Everyone was efficient, caring and made me feel totally secure. The whole process was so organized that I know it would have taken much longer and been far longer waiting time anywhere else. They made it a remarkable experience!

The center is well organized, the waiting time is minimal, staff are very courteous and professional making a great experience for me.

Very well run facility. I felt like I was in and out very quickly because the staff knew exactly what they were doing.

Everyone I interacted with was very friendly and helpful. Especially compassionate was the recovery staff.

I am amazed at how quickly I recovered and experienced much less pain than expected. Of the 15 shoulder surgeries I have had, this was by far the best experience from the time I checked it until I was dischargedeverything was top notch!

I cannot say enough on how impressed I was with how nice, sincere and attentive the nurses were.

I was highly satisfied with the treatment I received from ISMOSC. My surgeon was the best and I couldnt be happier with the results. I will definitely recommend to others.

My post op nurse was the best nurse I have ever encountered. Attentive, compassionate, informative and very helpful to both my husband and I.

I was comfortable and felt well cared for. The facility was very clean and quiet, and the people there were helpful and kind. The nurses and the surgeon were professional and made me less fearful of the surgery experience. I really appreciated that.

It seemed like they cared for me as a person not a number.

Thank you for the excellent care given to our son who has special needs. Your wonderful professional care was filled with respect, care, concern and warm smiles.

Thank you all for the T.L.C., couldnt have made it without that tender touch Youre all the GREATEST!!!

Thank you all for your kindness and making a difficult problem into an easy and pleasurable experience. All your caring is greatly appreciated!

Thank you to everyone for taking good care of me during my surgery. You were all little angles watching over me and I cant thank you enough, especially for your kindness, which will long be remembered.

Let me strongly compliment your stafffrom reception to final discharge, everyone was as nice and as helpful as I could possibly want. The nurses who attended me in the recovery room are exceptional. In short, everyone was wonderful at a time that obviously is one of high anxiety.

Thank you for the excellent care given to our son who has special needs. Your wonderful professional care was filled with respect, care, concern and warm smiles.

I couldnt have been more pleased with my experience and this staff should be recognized and be very proud of their professionalism.

Everyone is so nice and so very good in taking care of my every need-you all are examples of excellence, for which I am most greatful. I love coming here :).

Thank you all for your kindness and making a difficult problem into an easy and pleasurable experience. All you caring is greatly appreciated!

Thank you for all of your smiles, concern and help during my time at your facility. Your help and concern was so genuine. Thank you for the Get Well Card.

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Home - Illinois Sports Medicine & Orthopedic Surgery ...

This program is based out of the University of Illinois - College of Medicine in the Department of Family Medicine. The Program Director is a specialist in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. UIC Sports Medicine Center is the primary site for one of the leading centers for running, triathlon injuries, as well a diverse population of other recreational and elite athlete injuries.

This program is academically supported by the Department of Family Medicine and funded by the Department of Orthopedic Surgery here at UICMC. We are closely affiliated with Rush and Schwab Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation residency training programs.

Clinical experiences include: diagnosis and management of arthritis, work and spine injury, osteoporosis, fatigue, female triad, and various musculoskeletal traumas as they pertain to family medicine or physical medicine and rehabilitation.

The fellow participates in our role as the team physicians for division 1 collegiate athlete at the University of Illinois Chicago. Large event coverage includes The Chicago Marathon, Lakefront and Soldier Field 10 Mile races, and the Hustle Up the Hancock.

Significant skills training include:dedicated time for diagnostic radiology and ultrasound, including ultrasound guided injections and prolotherapy, casting & splinting, and suturing. Electrodiagnostic studies are included for fellows with specialization in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

There are two didactic sessions a week, one a multidisciplinary sports medicine lecture, the other to prepare for the requirements of the sports medicine subspecialty examination. Excel Occupational Health Clinic is our affiliated program for diagnosis and management of occupational and sports injuries, Joseph Laluya, DO Director. High school football medical event coverage is included through the Excel program.The fellowship includes funding and support toward presentation at a major conference. Publication is mentored and encouraged.

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Sports Medicine Fellowship - University of Illinois College...

The Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, in the Department of Internal Medicine is actively engaged in a wide range of clinical, research and educational endeavors.

Clinical Care

The Utah Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic (UDEC) provides premier Diabetes and Endocrinology consultation, treatment, and diagnostic services to patients not only in Utah but throughout the intermountain western United States

Diabetes care programs at UDEC were established to improve the quality of life for people with diabetes, by streamlining care and preventing diabetic complications that cause suffering for patients and their families. The UDEC hosts ten highly skilled Endocrinologists and six diabetes-expert nurse practitioners who provide exceptional care for patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Out ultimate goal is for each patient with diabetes to live a long and healthy life. Toward that end, our unique collaboration between University of Utah Health Care and Primary Children's Medical Center improves the transition of care for patients with Type 1 diabetes. For all types of diabetes, the UDEC providers employ rigorous methods for managing glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure to achieve results that consistently meet or exceed national standards for quality of care. We recognize that each patient living with diabetes has a distinct situation and different needs, and so UDEC is pioneering new Personalized Medicine strategies to develop care plans that better meet patients' individual needs.

The UDEC provides expert diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care for a variety of other endocrine and metabolic disorders, including thyroid disease, parathyroid disease, disorders of lipid metabolism, pituitary dysfunction, adrenal disorders, gonadal disorders, hirsuitism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, osteoporosis, and bone/calcium disorders.

Special services we provide include insulin pump education and management, continuous glucose monitoring, endocrine testing, thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy of thyroid nodules, and bone mineral densitometry evaluation and interpretation. In addition, we have established an interdisciplinary clinic with Neurosurgery to optimize outcomes for our patients with pituitary diseases.

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Endocrinology - University of Utah - School of Medicine ...

Endocrinology is the study of medicine that relates to the endocrine system, which is the system that controls hormones. An endocrinologist will deal with diseases that are caused by problems with hormones.

Understanding what an endocrinologist does begins with understanding what the endocrine system is. The endocrine system is a series of glands that produce and secrete hormones that the body uses for a wide range of functions. These control many different bodily functions, including:

Hormones are produced by glands and sent into the bloodstream to the various tissues in the body. They send signals to those tissues to tell them what they are supposed to do. When the glands do not produce the right amount of hormones, diseases develop that can affect many aspects of life.

Endocrinology is focused on the care and treatment of endocrine diseases. These fall into three categories, which are:

In each of these situations, the result is a disease that impacts the body and its overall function and well-being

An endocrinologist is a doctor who has studied the endocrine system and its diseases. These doctors know how to diagnose the diseases of the endocrine glands, and also how to treat them. Because these doctors specialize in these conditions, which can be complex and have hard-to-spot symptoms, an endocrinologist is your best advocate when dealing with hormonal issues.

Most patients begin their journey to the endocrinologist with a trip to their primary care provider or family doctor. This doctor will run a series of tests to see what could be the potential problem the patient is facing. If a problem with the hormones is suspected, the primary care doctor will provide a referral. The endocrinologist's goal is to restore hormonal balance in the body.

Becoming an endocrinologist requires a minimum of 10 years of training. These specialists are highly sought-after for their understanding of these unique chemical messengers. If you are struggling with your hormones, this type of specialist is the doctor you want on your side.

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What is Endocrinology? Visit Hormone.org for Endocrinology ...

Quick Links Sports Medicine Department Staff Sports Medicine Facilities Visiting Team Information Graduate Assistant Positions Emergency Action Plan Weight Room Emerg. Action Plan

Welcome to The Pennsylvania State University Department of Sports Medicine website. Our department's mission is to provide the finest health care possible for every Penn State student-athlete. Our first priority is always the student-athlete's overall safety and medical needs. Through the efforts of the sports medicine staff we can provide the student-athletes with a competitive edge for maximizing athletic performance. The Athletic Training staff utilizes a diverse treatment approach that has its foundations in manual medicine techniques. Integration of traditional athletic training techniques with exercise and use of modalities is coupled with an osteopathic model of treatment. This unique integration provides a very efficient and effective model to provide injury prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries for the Penn State student -athletes we serve. The current Penn State Sports Medicine staff consists of dedicated Team Physicians with various specialties, 18 full time Athletic Trainers, and nine Graduate Assistant Athletic Trainers.

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Sports Medicine - Penn State University Official Athletic Site