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New research links Crohn’s disease to arthritis – Bel Marra Health

February 13th, 2017 2:41 pm

Home Colon And Digestive New research links Crohns disease to arthritis

New research published in Science Translational Medicine has revealed a bacterial link between Crohns disease and arthritis. Crohns is a form of inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, that causes abdominal pain and diarrhea, and patients have also reported experiencing joint pain.

The immune system of patients with Crohns attacks the bowels and digestive system, but it can also target the musculoskeletal system and cause spondyloarthritis, resulting in spine and joint pain. This new research has found a link between the two conditions that may help explain why the immune system can turn its sights on the musculoskeletal system.

Researchers gathered fecal samples from patients with IBD and found that those with IBD and spondyloarthritis had a significant presence of E. coli bacteria in their samples. These samples, as well as mouse models, were used by the team to conclude that the E. coli bacteria was connected to the cells that help regulate inflammation in individuals with autoimmune disorders. Patients who had both Crohns disease and spondyloarthritis were found to have higher levels of these inflammation regulating cells, which are triggered by a protein known as IL-23.

These results have provided a target for potential treatments and medications, and with a better understanding of the inflammation caused by bacteria, scientists may be able to develop better treatment options to relieve the symptoms of Crohns and spondyloarthritis. They also open the door for the development of more personalized treatment regimens, as doctors may soon be able to address sources of inflammation specific to each patient.

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http://news.weill.cornell.edu/news/2017/02/research-uncovers-bacteria-linking-crohn%E2%80%99s-disease-to-arthritis

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Educational seminar on stem cell therapy to be featured at lunch meeting in Abilene – Salina Post

February 13th, 2017 2:40 pm

Kansas Regenerative Medicine Center (KRMC) staff will be the guest speakers at the next Healthwise 55 luncheon. Speakers Frank Lyons, MD; John Farley (Founder); and Kate Farley will define stem cells and explain their many therapeutic uses. The KRMC staff will also share how stem cell therapy is a potential alternative to joint replacements or other medical therapies.

The event will be on Thursday, February 23, from noon to 1 p.m. in the Conklin Conference Center at Memorial Hospital, located at 511 N.E. 10th, Abilene. The cost is $5.00 to cover the price of the meal. Please call Michelle McClanahan, MHS Director of Volunteer Services, at (785) 263-6692 by Monday, February 20, to make a reservation.

Healthwise 55 is a luncheon and health information program hosted by the MHS Volunteer Corps. It is open to the public for individuals ages 55 and older. It includes a meal followed by a health care professional(s) speaking on a health-related topic.

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Diabetes and children: A balancing act – Jackson Clarion Ledger

February 12th, 2017 4:51 am

John Webb, Special to The Clarion-Ledger 6:17 p.m. CT Feb. 11, 2017

Nikki Nichols of Richland, left, is quite familiar with diabetes. Her daughter, Bella, was diagnosed four years ago at age 5.(Photo: Special to The Clarion-Ledger)

Madison Avenue could have us believing that once people with diabetes lower that all-important A1c number an indicator of how well blood sugar has been controlled over the past few months theyll be skipping, dancing and otherwise frolicking through life with a song or balloon for every passerby.

But experts in both the physical and psychological care of people with diabetes is more than a number, and its management far more complex than the regulation of glucose through insulin, diet and exercise.

Sometimes we focus too much on the numbers and the A1c and lose sight of the humanity, said Dr. Elaine Apperson, a pediatric endocrinologist from the University of South Carolina School of Medicine who will be addressing these issues at the Diabetes Foundation of Mississippis 2017 Super Conference on Feb. 18 at the Marriott Hotel downtown.

This can be especially true when it comes to children. Often the child becomes a math equation dehumanized to the point where the first thing asked when they come home from school is what their blood sugar is, and what did they eat to cause a problem, Apperson said. But their blood sugar may have nothing to do with what they did or didnt do sometimes blood sugars are beyond their control.

And this can lead the child later in life to dismiss the very real importance of balancing blood sugar to avoid dangerous complications. The tighter the fist when the child is younger, the less likely the child will take care of himself or herself down the line, Apperson said. The child sometimes has no way of putting things in context.

The worst situation is when a child is prevented from living fully because of diabetes, Apperson said. Say she was prohibited from going to a paintball birthday party, she said. The more that child experiences upheaval because of an overbearing parent the less likely she is to fall into line.

Parents have genuine reasons to be anxious, but it is important to look at the big picture, and they should ask themselves, what would I do if my child didnt have diabetes, would I let them go to that party or play that sport? Its incumbent on the parent to make that happen.

Its also important to expect some rebellion, a normal part of adolescent development. One of the things that I think is most effective is for parents to remember that teens will rebel, diabetes or not, and trying to prevent that will not likely be successful, said Dr. Marisa Hilliard, a clinical psychologist at Texas Childrens Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine. Instead, find ways to support them and stay involved in diabetes care throughout the teen years.

Parents should do their best to pay attention to what teens are doing right with their diabetes management. If they can get their schoolwork done, maintain friendships and outside interests, and learn to manage their diabetes at the same time, theyre doing many things right. Recognizing and reinforcing all of the hard work teens put into life with diabetes will be more successful than focusing on the problems.

That life should be sacrificed on the altar of diabetes is a misconception, these experts say.

Parents should understand that there is a lot they cannot control, Apperson said. It is not worthwhile for them to expend significant energy on a daily basis making everything secondary to diabetes, with other relationships suffering in terms of spouses, friends and other children in the family.

Nikki Nichols of Richland, whose daughter, Bella, was diagnosed four years ago at age 5, and whose husband also has had type 1 all his life, knows all too well. As much as I may manage her diabetes care and a lot goes into that I am simply the responsible person teaching my child how to properly care for herself, she said. Bella is the one who experiences the effects of a high or low blood sugar episode, who must wear her insulin pump or subject herself to constant needle pokes, who gets stares from other children because they see her checking her blood sugar.

Diabetes burnout is real, Hilliard said, especially in adolescence, and parents should be supportive. With so many demands of life with diabetes, teens get burnt out, so anything the parent can do to help lighten their load, for instance during finals helping them with blood sugar checks or insulin dosing for the week, can make all the difference, she said.

Its important for health care providers to remember that as well, Hilliard said. When you expect teens to be autonomous you will always be disappointed, she said. Diabetes is too much for any one person to manage alone. Give them resources and assistance rather than expecting them to win at a team sport as a single player.

Nichols says her daughter has been champion at this sport.

I do feel like Bella has grown up faster than her peers, and I know that she has days when diabetes pushes its way to the forefront and ruins her day, she said. We all struggle at times, but our overall attitude is that diabetes is just a part of our lives and we arent going to let it drag us down. Bella has been a role model to other kids whove been diagnosed with diabetes, and her tenacity is inspiring.

She is just a normal kid, who happens to be kicking diabetes butt when nobody is looking.

What: The Diabetes Foundation of Mississippis 2017 Super Conference

When: Feb. 18 (registration is at 8 a.m., and sessions will run from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m.)

Where: Marriott Hotel in downtown Jackson

Details: 601-957-7878 or visit msdiabetes.org

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Air Pollution May Raise Risk of Type 2 Diabetes – WebMD

February 12th, 2017 4:50 am

By Robert Preidt

HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, Feb. 10, 2017 (HealthDay News) -- High levels of air pollution may increase some Hispanic children's risk of type 2 diabetes, a new study suggests.

"Exposure to heightened air pollution during childhood increases the risk for Hispanic children to become obese and, independent of that, to also develop type 2 diabetes," said study corresponding author Michael Goran. He is co-director of the University of Southern California's Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute.

"Poor air quality appears to be a catalyst for obesity and diabetes in children, but the conditions probably are forged via different pathways," Goran said in a university news release.

For the study, researchers followed 314 overweight or obese Hispanic children in Los Angeles County. The children were between 8 and 15 years old when the study started. None had diabetes.

By the time children who lived in areas with high levels of air pollution turned 18, their insulin-producing pancreatic cells -- called beta cells -- were 13 percent less efficient than normal. Insulin is a hormone that helps maintain appropriate blood sugar levels.

When beta cells stop working as they should, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes rises, the study authors noted in the news release.

Although this study found a link between air pollution and type 2 diabetes risk, it wasn't designed to prove cause and effect. And none of the youngsters developed type 2 diabetes during the study period.

Study senior author Dr. Frank Gilliland is a professor of preventive medicine at USC. "Diabetes is occurring in epidemic proportion in the U.S. and the developed world," he said.

"It has been the conventional wisdom that this increase in diabetes is the result of an uptick in obesity due to sedentary lifespans and calorie-dense diets. Our study shows air pollution also contributes to type 2 diabetes risk," Gilliland said.

Diabetes has quadrupled in the United States in the past four decades, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If nothing changes, one-third of Americans could have diabetes by 2050, putting them at risk for complications such as blindness, kidney failure, limb amputation or early death, the researchers said.

So, what can parents living in cities do to counteract this potential risk?

Tanya Alderete is the lead author of the study and a post-doctoral research scholar at USC. She acknowledged that it's nearly impossible to avoid pollution.

"Air pollution is ubiquitous, especially in Los Angeles. It's important to consider the factors that you can control -- for example, being aware that morning and evening commute times might not be the best time to go for a run. Change up your schedule so that you're not engaging in strenuous activity near sources of pollutants or during peak hours," she suggested.

The study was published recently in the journal Diabetes.

WebMD News from HealthDay

SOURCE: University of Southern California, news release, Feb. 7, 2017

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Why does type 1 diabetes kill some cells but not others? – Medical … – Medical News Today

February 12th, 2017 4:50 am

Diabetes is a serious disease affecting millions of people in the United States, adults and children alike. While there is yet no cure for diabetes, researchers are gradually learning more about the mechanism behind the illness. New research identifies how insulin-producing cells can change to avoid the autoimmune attack present in type 1 diabetes.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that more than 29 million people (or over 9 percent of the population) currently have diabetes in the U.S.

Although type 1 diabetes is the least prevalent - accounting for only 5 percent of diabetes cases - it is not yet known how to prevent the illness.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The body does not recognize its own insulin-producing beta cells, so the immune system attacks and destroys them as if they were invaders. The body needs insulin to metabolize sugar and turn it into energy.

However, of these beta cells, some manage to survive. In fact, some of the cells persist and proliferate for years after the disease has started.

New research, led by professor of immunobiology Dr. Kevan Herold of Yale University in New Haven, CT, identifies the mechanism that explains how these beta cells survive the immune attack. The study was a collaboration with the Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard.

The findings were published in the journal Cell Metabolism.

The scientists investigated the adaptive changes in beta cells that take place during the immune attack in both mouse models and in human cell culture. They used cyclophosphamide to accelerate the diabetes onset.

Herold and colleagues identified a resistant subpopulation of beta cells in 9-week-old, non-obese diabetic mice. The new subpopulation seems to develop from normal beta cells when they detect infiltration into the islet.

These new cells have a lower granularity, and they develop during the progression of type 1 diabetes.

"During the development of diabetes, there are changes in beta cells so you end up with two populations of beta cells. One population is killed by the immune response. The other population seems to acquire features that render it less susceptible to killing."

Dr. Kevan Herold

The new subpopulation is also less differentiated and displays stem-like properties. Much like stem cells, they have the ability to revert to a previous stage of development that enables them to survive and continue to replicate despite the immune attack.

As the study's senior author explains, these cells "duck and cover" as they develop molecules that inhibit the immune response. Human beta cells were revealed to go through similar changes when the researchers cultured them together with immune cells.

Although the cells do eventually die, the authors explain, the mechanism they uncovered might account for the long-term development of type 1 diabetes.

"Eventually, in [non-obese diabetic] mice as in humans, the majority of - if not all - [beta] cells are destroyed by immune effectors and products. However, the process is protracted. We have identified mechanisms that [beta] cells use to survive. Future studies that can recover mature [beta] cells from the pool of modified cells may identify ways of restoring normal metabolic function together with immune therapy," the authors conclude.

As Herold notes: "The next question is, can we recover these cells so that there is insulin production in someone [with] type 1 diabetes?"

Herold and team intend to conduct clinical trials to test drugs that might have the potential to change this subpopulation of beta cells, and transform it into insulin-producing cells.

Learn how interspecies transplantation may be a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes.

Written by Ana Sandoiu

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Gleason YMCA class aims to prevent diabetes – Wareham Week

February 12th, 2017 4:50 am

By Andrea Ray | Feb 11, 2017

There are currently 680,771 people in Massachusetts with diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. Thats 12 percent of Massachusetts adult population - and roughy 162,000 of them havent been diagnosed.

Additionally, 1.7 million people in Massachusetts have been diagnosed with prediabetes - 35 percent of the state's adult population. The disease and its complications, including heart disease, stroke, non-traumatic lower-leg amputation, kidney disease and blindness, costs Massachusetts $8.1 billion every year according to the ADA.

The Diabetes Prevention Program is fighting to change these statistics. The class is a year-long, lifestyle change, according to Dara Midwood, YMCA Southcoast diabetes prevention coordinator. It was introduced to the Southcoast YMCA two years ago.

The goal of the classes, which are held at five of the six Southcoast locations (Swansea, New Bedford, Dartmouth, Wareham and Fall River) is to lower participants body weight by 5-7 percent in the first 16 weeks of the class, and to teach participants better lifestyle habits.

The first 16 weeks, the participants meet for one hour per week with a certified diabetes counselor, who will teach them how to read labels, make healthy choices, and increase their physical activity.

At the end, participants should be able to increase their physical activity to 150 minutes per week. Its not a diet program, Midwood said. We dont say that you cant have it. We explore your options to be able to eat in a healthy manner.

The classes are held in small-group format, where participants can exchange ideas and share problems and successes with others in the same boat. The success of the program is based on people being able to find out what works for them, Midwood explained.

Current program member Christine Schryver showed the group MyFitnessPal, a phone application which breaks down what is in the food you eat, and tracks exercise. She enjoys the supportive small-group atmosphere. Ive done Weight Watchers, Ive tried dieting on my own, she said. This works for me.

The local classes have smashed their goals. The last Wareham class lost an average of 6 percent of their bodyweight in the first 16 weeks. Wareham's program leader, certified lifestyle coach Lu Brito, said one participant in his class lost 46 pounds in that space of time.

"One hundred fifty minutes of walking every week, and developing a maintainable healthy lifestyle. She can still eat mostly what she wants, she just knows how to do it in a healthy manner. Thats all it took.

New classes will begin in March - for more information, inquire with Diabetes Prevention Coordinator Dara Midwood, at 508-996-9622 ext. 141, or ymcadpp@ymcasouthcoast.org.

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How my husband saw blindness as a ‘dark, paradoxical gift’ – The Guardian

February 12th, 2017 4:48 am

Marilyn Hull Like any bereavement, you get the anger and loss. The change in your life is so immense. Photograph: Dave Evitts/Guardian

Two wildly disparate films could be said to frame Marilyn Hulls life with her husband, John. Theres the extraordinary documentary Notes on Blindness, an intimate, highly inventive rendition of Johns experience of losing all vision in his 40s. And then there is the romantic epic Gone with the Wind, which they saw on their first date in 1975.

John Hull, a professor of theology, writer and campaigner, had been Marilyns university tutor when she was training to be a teacher in Birmingham. They lost touch but met again through his Amnesty branch and he asked her if shed like to see a movie. Recalling that trip to the cinema, Marilyn has to suppress rising tears. He had been a brilliant teacher, funny, warm, supportive, inspiring, she says. But he was married with a child, and I was not the type to fall for married men 17 years older than me. But I sensed an enormous vulnerability and a sadness in him. We got out of my car, he took my arm and I realised then that he fancied me. I was surprised at myself and my feelings. I dont know exactly what I felt, but I fell in love between the car park and the cinema door, and that never changed. Itwas cataclysmic.

Marilyn and John, who had a daughter from his first marriage, went on to have four children together. Both were passionately opposed to nuclear proliferation while John was also a key intellectual figure in theological education and the development of multi-faith thinking. He was a campaigner for social justice, right up until his death from pneumonia in July 2015.

For Marilyn, who had only recently retired as a headteacher, his death was devastating and she is still in mourning. She chokes up at odd moments in the supermarket realising that the cheese footballs he alone loved eating no longer need to go in the shopping-basket. She finds it almost impossible to watch Notes on Blindness, completed after his death, without crying.

The film, which has been nominated for three Baftas, draws on Johns audio diary from the first years of his total blindness. There were 16 hours of recordings, published as Touching the Rock in 1990. Oliver Sacks described it as The most extraordinary, precise, deep and beautiful account of blindness I have ever read. Its a book that not only gives a sighted reader vivid insights into the experience of becoming totally blind and learning how to navigate the world anew through sound, memory and touch, but also describes Johns psychological and spiritual struggle to accept what had happened to him.

The filmmakers lip-synched the recordings of Marilyn and Johns voices with two actors playing the couple during the years when John was struggling to come to terms with blindness. It has been exhilarating but emotionally exhausting for her to hear Johns voice throughout the film. I loved seeing the film in French. It was dubbed and it enabled me to get some distance on it.

When the couple met, John had already lost his sight in one eye because of a botched cataract treatment in his childhood in the Australian outback. He had never let his limited vision get in the way of his life and career but when his other eye failed and he became totally blind, it was devastating.

Like any bereavement, you get the anger and loss. The change in your life is so immense, says Marilyn.

In 1980, just days before the birth of their first child, Tom, the couple were told that Johns sight could not be saved. Marilyn remembers John being brought in his pyjamas from the eye hospital to visit her in the maternity ward. Friends and families didnt know whether to congratulate us or commiserate. We had a new baby, and had to work out brailling, white canes, all of that at the same time. That was seared for ever, that strange congruence in life.

Initially, John refused help simply because he was too busy with his work to go on courses. We lived at such a pace. And he couldnt have a dog because he had asthma. But he was so inventive and such a loving, attentive father he would tie a string around his foot and attach it to a crawling baby so he knew where they were. He was terribly independent. He would go out dragging the pushchair behind him to get somewhere and I would think, Oh my God, I hope they both come back safely!

She remembers terrible periods when he distanced himself completely. Not being able to see the children was very painful for him. I was so aware that anyone walking into our house could know our children in ways that John would never know them.

She would suggest that he go to his office and work in familiar and quiet surroundings, and come back when he had centred himself again. Life with John was mainly very joyful, but there were despairing, difficult times when I would wonder whether his blindness would fundamentally change our relationship.

During the early years of his blindness, John struggled to reconcile his dreams richly full of vivid images and his waking life in total darkness. In the book and the film, he describes how deeply troubling it was to accept that his visual memories were slipping away and how he felt it vital to live in a new reality rather than dwell in nostalgia. Eventually, he came to see blindness as a dark, paradoxical gift something people ask Marilyn to explain.

They say, Wouldnt you have loved him to have got his sight back? Of course, of course I would. But the gift is living with what is, rather than dwelling with some other imagined existence. He felt the miracle was renewed consciousness, the idea that you can live with integrity and clarity in what has become in many ways a very different world.

The film reconstructs the nightmarish time when they went to Australia with their young children to stay with Johns parents. Being in his childhood landscape with his mother and father but unable to see them was traumatising. It was the turning point when he was triggered into that new consciousness, when he decided, Right, I am not going to live in the world of images. I am going to live in a world where the whole category of appearance is meaningless to me. That photograph which I thought I would have forever in my heart, I have to forget. And if you love someone you have to say, Yes, of course I understand and respect that; you must go into that other world where I cannot follow. It was so hard not being able to alleviate the suffering, that he had to work through it all on his own.

The couple got back on the plane and just said to each other, We will never be able to go back. The time in Australia had not only tormented him psychologically but also worsened his chronic lung condition.

John was determined to be as independent as possible. He wrote: The moment I sink into passivity, I am done for. He had a relentless desire to get the most out of life but you cant multi-task and rush when you are blind and Marilyn, naturally impatient, realised that she too needed to adjust.

Sometimes with John youd think hed want you to back off; other times youd realise he was irritated because no one had told him the difference between the trifle and the cheese souffle. Not only was he a brilliant teacher at work, but he was also a brilliant teacher for sighted people, so people were comfortable in his presence.

She recalls her own anger though when strangers stared at him. At first Id be so irritated by them. I dont mind children staring, they dont know any better, but youd go into a restaurant and people would stare and stare. Id just stare back. Often people would talk to her in front of him as if he wasnt able to hear and she giggles remembering the time she waited silently beside him at a railway station ticket office until the seller finally asked John directly what he required.

When James Spinney and Peter Middleton first approached the couple in 2010 about making a film based on Johns audiotapes, they were intrigued. Its so counterintuitive, a film about blindness. John was not an attention-seeker but he was an extremely gifted public speaker. And James and Peter were so respectful and were the same age as our children and were so carefulto get it right emotionally. They kept checking with us. By the end youfelt they knew our lives better than we did.

Spinney recalls. Wed travel every few months to record interviews with them, revisiting the audio-cassette recordings that they kept in the years after John became blind. We were conscious that at times this was a painful undertaking. John likened it to reopening an old wound that had long since healed. They approached this with such honesty and generosity, which made the making of the film a very collaborative process. And over time it developed into a friendship, one that we feel very lucky to have had.

Marilyn feels that John would have been intrigued by the finished film and appreciated the innovative versions with enhanced audio descriptions for people with sight loss and the virtual reality companion piece.

But would he want Notes on Blindness to be his sole legacy? No, he was always interested in influencing the churchs political attitude, in his students development and protesting about Trident. Never was there a person who so fitted Dylan Thomas valediction: Do not go gentle into that good night. He was tweeting so ferociously in his final months, it seemed that the political pressures of the world were coming at him like fireworks, he was somebody who with their last breath was saying, What more can we do in this world?

It is less than two years since Johns death, and Marilyn still instinctively reaches her hand across the bed when she wakes. When she took his ashes to Australia, she found a photograph from their early days as a couple. Id never seen it before. I thought, this is the most important photograph of my life and I didnt know it existed. Its rare to get photos of people looking at each other intensely, staring into each others eyes, deeply in love. Its an intimate moment and theres usually nobody there to take it. Its just a tiny snap and I cannot publish it anywhere. Its that moment of beholding that we both lost.

Notes on Blindness will be on BBC4 on 16 February, 9pm. Notes on Blindness: A journey through the dark is published by Profile, 8.99. The VR companion film is free to get

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80% of the world’s blindness is preventable. This hardware is fighting it in 26 countries – The Express Tribune

February 12th, 2017 4:48 am

KC never set out to build a healthcare startup. An avid reader and cricket fan, K. Chandrasekhar known to colleagues as KC was working in the semiconductor industry years ago when he visited a hospital and discovered how big a problem preventable blindness was: around the world, 80 percent of blindness is preventable.

Blindness takes a toll on families too, he explains. The affected individuals responsibilities may include earning for the household, taking care of elderly parents, and looking after children.

This Pakistani startup is helping increase worker incomes by 400%

KC, an IIM-Calcutta alum, says the number of eye doctors in India now is closer to 20,000, but they still cant cater to everyone who needs eye care. Thats where he thinks technology can help, especially when a majority of blindness cases in the country 75 percent, or over 11 million in 2007 are preventable if causes like cataracts or glaucoma are caught early.

A Solution

In 2009, KC and Shyam Vasudev began work on healthtech hardware startup Forus Health. The Bangalore-based company has four products that range from US$4,000 to US$50,000. The 3Nethra classic is a small, portable digital imaging device. Itll take, store, and transmit pictures of the front and back of the human eye that help carry out a routine eye exam. It can detect problems like cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinas, problems with the cornea, and refractive errors all contributors to blindness that can be treated if caught early. Unlike other eye exams, the 3Nethra classic does not require pupil dilatation.

PHOTO: FORUS HEALTH

The 3Nethra Flora is a non-contact eye scanner that works with pupil dilation. It takes more in-depth pictures, including the layout of blood and lymph vessels in the eye.

Detection of eye issues in children, especially younger children who cant always communicate whether a lens prescription is correct, can be difficult. For younger or non-cooperative patients, Forus Health has the 3Nethra Kiddo, which helps detect refractive errors in eye patients. Refractive errors like nearsightedness or farsightedness occur when the eye is misshapen, causing light to bend differently around the eye. The 3Nethra Neo takes pictures of infant retinas to help diagnose and monitor diseases and disorders.

Forus Healths devices have been installed in nearly 1,400 places in 26 countries, including the US and countries in Europe and Asia. In April 2012, the startup raised US$5 million in series A funding from Accel Partners and IDG Ventures. Two years later, it bagged US$8.2 million in series B funding from Asian Health Fund, Accel Partners, and IDG Ventures.

Tackling Prevention

KC and his team now 125 people faced several of the problems other medical hardware makers come across. The product needs to be effective and cost-efficient enough to convince doctors, but also must appeal to the average patient, who doesnt have enough time to take off work unless theres something already wrong. Convincing those patients of the value-add of preventative care like eye screenings can be difficult..

PHOTO: FORUS HEALTH

The hardest thing is actually making people have a behavioral change, he tells Tech in Asia.

This Pakistani startup is revolutionising the way people travel

The argument for preventative care is simple spend a little time and money examining and monitoring your health now, and youre likely to catch problems early. Treatment for problems caught early will cost much less. Thats why Forus Healths flagship product the 3Nethra Classic doesnt require pupil dilation. The test can be done in five minutes, and the person can go straight back to work instead of waiting hours for his or her pupils to return to normal size.

It also needs to be user-friendly a lot of medical equipment is bulky and made for use in a hospital, but for the technology to work outside of cities, it has to be small, portable, and cost-efficient.

It took the company around 18 months to develop its first products; it would be three years before the team reached a satisfactory model.

Other startups working with low-cost healthcare hardware include Stasis Labs, Medaino, andTen3T.

Now, the startups focus is on expansion into other countries, something that KC mentions has always been their goal: if preventable blindness is a worldwide problem, the same goes for the companys focus.

This article originally appeared on Tech in Asia.

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The dangers of snow blindness | WWLP.com – wwlp.com

February 12th, 2017 4:48 am

SPRINGFIELD, Mass. (WWLP) After the snowstorm Thursday it was a nice winters day, with the sun shining down on the new white snow, but the reflection of the sunshine off the fresh snow could lead to problems with your vision.

One thing is snow blindness which is ultraviolet damage from reflections off the bright snow. Were relatively closer to sea level so its not as common here as if youre at altitude people who are mountaineering will get this a lot more, said Dr. James Rosenthal an ophthalmologist in Springfield.

Snow blindness occurs as a result of a burn to the clear front surface of the eye known as the cornea. Symptoms can include pain, redness, hazy vision and even a temporary loss of vision.

You can treat it with lubrication and in a mild case you can just go to the drug store get artificial tear preparation in a more severe case a patient may need to be patched with topical ointments.

The term used to describe the amount of sunlight reflected by snow is known as albedo. The albedo will be higher for new fresh white snow and it will be lower for older dirty snow.

The albedo of snow drops quickly after a storm due to sand and salt from the roads and pollutants in the air.

To protect yourself from snow blindness you should wear sunglasses or a hat with a brim.

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Denzel Washington baffled by BAFTA blindness – RTE.ie

February 12th, 2017 4:48 am

Updated / Saturday, 11 Feb 2017 14:25

Denzel Washington said he has "no idea"why he has never been nominated for a BAFTAAward. The Hollywood star has won two acting Oscars during his decades-long career and is nominated this year for another two: best actor and best picture for Fences, which he both directed and stars in. On his lack of a nod from the British Academy of the Film and Television Arts, he told the Press Association: "I've never been nominated for a Bafta. "You'll have to ask them why, I have no idea. I've been nominated for eight Oscars, won two." He added: "Morgan Freeman and I have never been nominated for a BAFTA." Washington's Fences co-star Viola Davis has received a nod in the best supporting actress category at this year's BAFTAs, which take place on Sunday February 12 at London's Royal Albert Hall. The actor, 62, also discussed the current trend for stars using their acceptance speeches at awards ceremonies to air their views about politics. He said: "It's America. People have the right to do and say what they want. There's a feeling in the air."

Harry Styles' solo album almost ready for release

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Amarantus Announces Passing of Biotechnology Legend Dr. Joseph Rubinfeld – Yahoo Finance

February 12th, 2017 4:47 am

SAN FRANCISCO, February 10, 2017 /PRNewswire/ --

Amarantus BioScience Holdings, Inc. (AMBS), a biotechnology company focused on developing products for Regenerative Medicine, Neurology and Orphan Diseases, today, with great sadness, announced the death of biotechnology legend Dr. Joseph Rubinfeld, who was an independent director of the Company. Dr. Rubinfeld is survived by his wife, Loretta, and children Bonnie, Randee, Susan and Steven and their respective families.

"Dr. Rubinfeld, a co-founder of Amgen Inc., represented the best of the biotechnology industry. He was pragmatic, brilliant, honest and caring and always focused on the needs of patients" said Dr. John Commissiong, Chief Scientific Officer at Amarantus. "Immediately prior to his passing, Dr. Joe was selflessly working very hard to help turn Amarantus around. We will honor his memory by accelerating that effort to the best of our abilities."

Obituary of Dr. Joe Rubinfeld: http://www.oakmontmortuary.com/book-of-memories/2807770/Rubinfeld-Joseph/obituary.php

Joseph Rubinfeld

Resident of Danville, CA

October 24, 1932 - December 26, 2016

Joseph "Dr. Joe" Rubinfeld, a resident of Danville, passed away unexpectedly on December 26, 2016, at his home at the age of 84. Joe was born on October 24, 1932 in Brooklyn, New York to Mechel and Mary Rubinfeld. He married his wife and soul mate Loretta Rubinfeld on March 1, 1958.

Joe attended City College of New York before attending Columbia University for graduate school where he earned a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry. Over a career that spanned more than 60 years, Joe was instrumental in discoveries that truly changed the world.

Some of his achievements include invention of 10-second Polaroid film and the biodegradable detergent formula used in dishwashing detergents. For saving the Great Lakes with his biodegradable detergent formula, Joe was awarded the Commonwealth Award for Invention in 1985.

Joe was also active in the biotechnology and medical fields. His inventions, including the development of the antibiotics Amoxicillin and Cefadroxil, were directly responsible for saving millions of lives.

While his passion was science and invention, he also had a passion for business. In 1980, he co-founded Amgen, which would become the world's largest biotechnology company. Later in his career, he founded SuperGen, Inc. and then JJ Pharma, Inc. He was active on the corporate and scientific advisory boards of multiple other pharmaceutical companies. He loved working and inventing. He retired once but did not like it because as he said, "there's only so many times you can go to Hawaii or Europe."

Joe is survived by his loving wife of 58 years, Loretta; his son Steven and his wife Kathleen of Danville, his daughter Susan and her husband Joseph Iovino of Danville, his daughter Randee and her husband Kevin Rolens of Danville, and his daughter Bonnee. He is also survived by 10 grandchildren, 2 great grandchildren, his brother Julius Rubinfeld and his wife Leslie, sister Rosalyn Axelrod, and a large and loving extended family.

About Amarantus BioScience Holdings, Inc.

Amarantus BioScience Holdings (AMBS) is a biotechnology company developing treatments and diagnostics for diseases in the areas of neurology, regenerative medicine and orphan diseases. AMBS acquired the rights to the Engineered Skin Substitute program (ESS), a regenerative medicine-based approach for treating severe burns with full-thickness autologous skin grown in tissue culture. ESS is entering Phase 2 clinical studies under a CRADA agreement with the US Army. AMBS has development rights to eltoprazine, a Phase 2b-ready small molecule indicated for Parkinson's disease levodopa-induced dyskinesia, adult ADHD and Alzheimer's aggression, and owns the intellectual property rights to a therapeutic protein known as mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and is developing MANF-based products as treatments for brain and ophthalmic disorders. MANF was discovered from the Company's proprietary discovery engine PhenoGuard. AMBS also received 80 million shares of Avant Diagnostics, Inc. via the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary Amarantus Diagnostics, Inc.

For further information please visit http://www.Amarantus.com, or connect with the Company on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and Google+.

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Certain statements, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words "believes," "project," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "strategy," "plan," "may," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects on a consolidated basis include, but are not limited to: changes in economic conditions, legislative/regulatory changes, availability of capital, interest rates, competition, and generally accepted accounting principles. These risks and uncertainties should also be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements.

Investor and Media Contact: Ascendant Partners, LLC Fred Sommer +1-732-410-9810 fred@ascendantpartnersllc.com

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Palmerston North Hospital calls on neighbour to treat arthritis patients – Manawatu Standard

February 12th, 2017 4:47 am

NICHOLAS MCBRIDE

Last updated17:58, February 12 2017

Palmerston North Hospital will have to call on a neighbouring region to help treat its arthritis patients.

A new rheumatologistwas expected to start in February, after its two specialists retired and resigned,respectively, last year.

However, the new doctor will now not start until May, meaning the hospital will have to call on Hawke's Bay for support.

READ MORE: * Concerns raised over shortage of arthritis specialists and delays in replacements * Arthritis sufferer told hospital department will close - DHB denies this

That has prompted Arthritis New Zealand to say the condition is not prioritised in the health system.

Arthritis NZ chief executive Sandra Kirby said the specialist shortage was a "pretty well documented reality".

"We have been concerned for many years about a shortage of rheumatologists in New Zealand.

"It has been an issue for more than a decade. It is not a new phenomenon."

Kirby said arthritis was not viewed as a priority in the New Zealand health system, despite 620,000 people living with the condition.

"Manawatu has been well served [in the past], so this is disappointing."

She expected patients would still get a good service from the Hawke's Bay staff.

MidCentral DHB clinical services and transformation general manager Mike Grant said the new rheumatologist was relocating to New Zealand from the United Kingdom.

"Originally, the doctor was scheduled to begin earlier in 2017, however, the relocation process has taken longer than envisaged."

"In the interim, a rheumatologist based in the Hawke's Bay will provide follow-up clinics at MidCentral Health, as well as seeing urgent patients referred to the service.

"Support for inpatient management will also be available to senior medical officers, ensuring continuity of the rheumatology service for all patients requiring this care."

In a MidCentral committee agenda, Grant said rheumatology patients tended to have a higher proportion of chronic, long-term conditions, rather than acute cases that require urgent attention.

"These arrangements will ensure there is capacity to see any urgent patients referred while we await the arrival of our new specialist."

-Stuff

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Palmerston North Hospital calls on neighbour to treat arthritis patients - Manawatu Standard

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Fit & Proper: How to prevent the onset of arthritis – Business Standard

February 12th, 2017 4:47 am

Statistically there are more than 10 million cases of arthritis reported in India every year, and innumerable others that arent. Clinically speaking arthritis is more commonly seen in women, since they have a tendency to gain weight, especially Indian women, which in turn stresses the joints leading to the condition. Erratic intake of calcium is another precipitating factor. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, which causes pain, inflammation and reduced motion in the joints. It typically affects the hands, knees, hips and the spine. The condition withers the cartilage, the slippery tissue that covers the ends of bone in a joint. When a person loses cartilage, the bones rub together, this can permanently damage the joint. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand is an autoimmune disease, which affects the entire body since there is an abnormal response of the immune system. In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system attacks its own tissues, including joints and internal organs in some cases. Rheumatoid Arthritis is more incapacitating than osteoarthritis. The pain associated with arthritis depends on the stage, the symptoms are directly proportional to the stage. The early arthritis patients respond better as opposed to patients with an advanced condition, who have constant pain in joints throughout the day. The most commonplace joint to be affected is the knee, though there are also arthritis cases of shoulder, hip and other smaller joints. Early signs shall help more so with inflammatory arthritis, for instance Rheumatoid arthritis. Patients may complain of early morning stiffness, and if someone has this disorder the stiffness should last 30 to 40 minutes. It is suggested that if a patient goes through morning stiffness, and swelling in small joints, they should consult an Orthopedic Surgeon or a Rheumatologist at the earliest, since this condition if unchecked can be extremely detrimental for the joints. People in India normally resort to self-medication for alleviating pains. They allow the condition to go undiagnosed for years, and consult a clinician only when hands and feet get deformed and the pain becomes unbearable.

There is very little awareness concerning arthritis; therefore, it is imperative that people know more about it and how dreadful it can be. If left unattended, its most devastating side effect being that it can leave people incapacitated for life.

Ways to prevent and treat arthritis

Next week: How to spot early signs of thyroid-related diseases and treat them

Aashish Chaudhry

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OCASCR scientists make progress in TSET-funded adult stem cell research – NewsOK.com

February 11th, 2017 2:44 pm

OCASCR scientist Lin Liu at work. Photo provided.

Working together, scientists from Oklahoma State University, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation are advancing adult stem cell research to treat some of todays most devastating diseases.

Under the umbrella of the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research (OCASCR), created with funding from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust, these scientists have amassed groundbreaking findings in one of the fastest growing areas of medical research.

We have made exciting progress, said OCASCR scientist Lin Liu, director of the Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases and director of the Interdisciplinary Program in Regenerative Medicine at Oklahoma State University.

We can convert adult stem cells into lung cells using our engineering process in petri dishes, which offers the possibility to repair damaged lung tissues in lung diseases, said Liu, whose research primarily focuses on lung and respiratory biology and diseases.

Using our engineered cells, we can also reverse some pathological features. These studies give us hope for an eventual application of these cells in humans.

Adult stem cells in the body are capable of renewing themselves and becoming various types of cells.

Until recently, stem cell treatments were largely restricted to blood diseases. However, new studies suggest many other types of adult stem cells can be used for medical treatment, and the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research was created to promote this branch of research.

OCASCR scientist Lin Liu and his team discussing their work. Photo provided.

Liu said the discipline provides hope for many ailments.

What most fascinated me in stem cell research is the hope that we may be able to use stem cells from our own body; for example, bone marrow or fat tissues to cure lung diseases, Liu said.

It is impossible to know exactly which diseases will respond to treatments.However, results of early experiments suggest many diseases should benefit from this type of research, including lung, heart, Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases, as well as cancer, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. The field is often referred to as regenerative medicine, because of the potential to create good cells in place of bad ones.

While the application of stem cells can be broad, Liu hopes that his TSET-funded work will help develop treatments for diseases caused by tobacco use.

The goal of my research team is to find cures for lung diseases, Liu said. One such disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

COPD is the third leading cause of death in the country and cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.

Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for another fatal lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which has a mean life expectancy of 3 to 5 years after diagnosis, he added.

There is no cure for COPD or IPF. The current treatments of COPD and IPF only reduce symptoms or slow the disease progression.

Using OCASCR/TSET funding, my team is researching the possibility to engineer adult stem cells using small RNA molecules existing in the body to cure COPD, IPF and other lung diseases such as pneumonia caused by flu, Liu said.

This is vital research, considering that more than11 million peoplehave been diagnosed with COPD, but millions more may have the disease without even knowing it, according to the American Lung Association.

Despite declining smoking rates and increased smokefree environments, tobacco use continues to cause widespread health challenges and scientists will continue working to develop treatments to deal with the consequences of smoking.

We need to educate the public more regarding the harms of cigarette smoking, Liu said. My research may offer future medicines for lung diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

Under the umbrella of the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research (OCASCR), created with funding from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust, these scientists have amassed groundbreaking findings in one of the fastest growing areas of medical research. Photo provided.

Liu has been conducting research in the field of lung biology and diseases for more than two decades.

However, his interests in adult stem cell therapy began in 2010 when OCASCR was established through a grant with TSET, which provided funding to Oklahoma researchers for stem cell research.

I probably would have never gotten my feet into stem cell research without OCASCR funding support, he said. OCASCR funding also facilitated the establishment of the Interdisciplinary Program in Regenerative Medicine at OSU.

These days, Liu finds himself fully immersed in the exciting world of adult stem cell research and collaborating with some of Oklahomas best scientific minds.

Dr. Liu and his colleagues are really thriving. It was clear seven years ago that regenerative medicine was a hot topic and we already had excellent scientists in the Oklahoma, said Dr. Paul Kincade, founding scientific director of OCASCR. All they needed was some resources to re-direct and support their efforts. OSU investigators are using instruments and research grants supplied by OCASCR to compete with groups worldwide. TSET can point to their achievements with pride.

The Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research represents collaboration between scientists all across the state, aiming to promote studies by Oklahoma scientists who are working with stem cells present in adult tissues.

The center opened in 2010 and has enhanced adult stem cell research by providing grant funding for researchers, encouraging recruitment of scientists and providing education to the people of Oklahoma.

We are fortunate that the collaboration at the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research is yielding such positive results, said John Woods, TSET executive director. This research is leading to ground breaking discoveries and attracting new researchers to the field. TSET is proud to fund that investments for Oklahomans.

Funding research is a major focus for TSET and it comes with benefits reaching beyond the lab. For every $1 TSET has invested at OCASCR, scientists have been able to attract an additional $4 for research at Oklahoma institutions, TSET officials said.

TSET also supports medical research conducted by the Stephenson Cancer Center and the Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center.

For more information, visit http://www.ocascr.org.

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OCASCR scientists make progress in TSET-funded adult stem cell research - NewsOK.com

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OCASCR scientists make progress in TSET-funded adult stem cell … – NewsOK.com

February 11th, 2017 2:44 pm

OCASCR scientist Lin Liu at work. Photo provided.

Working together, scientists from Oklahoma State University, the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation are advancing adult stem cell research to treat some of todays most devastating diseases.

Under the umbrella of the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research (OCASCR), created with funding from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust, these scientists have amassed groundbreaking findings in one of the fastest growing areas of medical research.

We have made exciting progress, said OCASCR scientist Lin Liu, director of the Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases and director of the Interdisciplinary Program in Regenerative Medicine at Oklahoma State University.

We can convert adult stem cells into lung cells using our engineering process in petri dishes, which offers the possibility to repair damaged lung tissues in lung diseases, said Liu, whose research primarily focuses on lung and respiratory biology and diseases.

Using our engineered cells, we can also reverse some pathological features. These studies give us hope for an eventual application of these cells in humans.

Adult stem cells in the body are capable of renewing themselves and becoming various types of cells.

Until recently, stem cell treatments were largely restricted to blood diseases. However, new studies suggest many other types of adult stem cells can be used for medical treatment, and the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research was created to promote this branch of research.

OCASCR scientist Lin Liu and his team discussing their work. Photo provided.

Liu said the discipline provides hope for many ailments.

What most fascinated me in stem cell research is the hope that we may be able to use stem cells from our own body; for example, bone marrow or fat tissues to cure lung diseases, Liu said.

It is impossible to know exactly which diseases will respond to treatments.However, results of early experiments suggest many diseases should benefit from this type of research, including lung, heart, Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases, as well as cancer, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. The field is often referred to as regenerative medicine, because of the potential to create good cells in place of bad ones.

While the application of stem cells can be broad, Liu hopes that his TSET-funded work will help develop treatments for diseases caused by tobacco use.

The goal of my research team is to find cures for lung diseases, Liu said. One such disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

COPD is the third leading cause of death in the country and cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.

Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for another fatal lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which has a mean life expectancy of 3 to 5 years after diagnosis, he added.

There is no cure for COPD or IPF. The current treatments of COPD and IPF only reduce symptoms or slow the disease progression.

Using OCASCR/TSET funding, my team is researching the possibility to engineer adult stem cells using small RNA molecules existing in the body to cure COPD, IPF and other lung diseases such as pneumonia caused by flu, Liu said.

This is vital research, considering that more than11 million peoplehave been diagnosed with COPD, but millions more may have the disease without even knowing it, according to the American Lung Association.

Despite declining smoking rates and increased smokefree environments, tobacco use continues to cause widespread health challenges and scientists will continue working to develop treatments to deal with the consequences of smoking.

We need to educate the public more regarding the harms of cigarette smoking, Liu said. My research may offer future medicines for lung diseases caused by cigarette smoking.

Under the umbrella of the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research (OCASCR), created with funding from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust, these scientists have amassed groundbreaking findings in one of the fastest growing areas of medical research. Photo provided.

Liu has been conducting research in the field of lung biology and diseases for more than two decades.

However, his interests in adult stem cell therapy began in 2010 when OCASCR was established through a grant with TSET, which provided funding to Oklahoma researchers for stem cell research.

I probably would have never gotten my feet into stem cell research without OCASCR funding support, he said. OCASCR funding also facilitated the establishment of the Interdisciplinary Program in Regenerative Medicine at OSU.

These days, Liu finds himself fully immersed in the exciting world of adult stem cell research and collaborating with some of Oklahomas best scientific minds.

Dr. Liu and his colleagues are really thriving. It was clear seven years ago that regenerative medicine was a hot topic and we already had excellent scientists in the Oklahoma, said Dr. Paul Kincade, founding scientific director of OCASCR. All they needed was some resources to re-direct and support their efforts. OSU investigators are using instruments and research grants supplied by OCASCR to compete with groups worldwide. TSET can point to their achievements with pride.

The Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research represents collaboration between scientists all across the state, aiming to promote studies by Oklahoma scientists who are working with stem cells present in adult tissues.

The center opened in 2010 and has enhanced adult stem cell research by providing grant funding for researchers, encouraging recruitment of scientists and providing education to the people of Oklahoma.

We are fortunate that the collaboration at the Oklahoma Center for Adult Stem Cell Research is yielding such positive results, said John Woods, TSET executive director. This research is leading to ground breaking discoveries and attracting new researchers to the field. TSET is proud to fund that investments for Oklahomans.

Funding research is a major focus for TSET and it comes with benefits reaching beyond the lab. For every $1 TSET has invested at OCASCR, scientists have been able to attract an additional $4 for research at Oklahoma institutions, TSET officials said.

TSET also supports medical research conducted by the Stephenson Cancer Center and the Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center.

For more information, visit http://www.ocascr.org.

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OCASCR scientists make progress in TSET-funded adult stem cell ... - NewsOK.com

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Revolutionizing Biotechnology with Artificial Restriction Enzymes … – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (press release)

February 11th, 2017 2:42 pm

Scientists at the University of Illinois say they have developed a new technique of genetic engineering for basic and applied biological research and medicine. Their work ("Programmable DNA-Guided Artificial Restriction Enzymes"), reported inACS Synthetic Biology,could open new doors in genomic research by improving the precision and adherence of sliced DNA, according to the investigators.

"Using our technology, we can create highly active artificial restriction enzymes with virtually any sequence specificity and defined sticky ends of varying length," said Huimin Zhao, Ph.,D., professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering, who leads a synthetic biology research group at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at Illinois. "This is a rare example in biotechnology where a desired biological function or reagent can be readily and precisely designed in a rational manner."

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at a specific site and create a space wherein foreign DNA can be introduced for gene-editing purposes. This process is not achieved only by naturally occurring restriction enzymes; artificial restriction enzymes, or AREs, have risen to prominence in recent years. CRISPR/Cas9, a bacterial immune system used for "cut-and-paste" gene editing, and TALENs, or transcription activator-like effector nucleases, which are modified restriction enzymes, are two popular examples of such techniques.

Though useful in genetic engineering, no AREs generate defined "sticky ends"an uneven break in the DNA ladder structure that leaves complementary overhangs, improving adhesion when introducing new DNA. "If you can cleave two different DNA samples with the same restriction enzyme, the sticky ends that are generated are complementary," explained graduate student Behnam Enghiad. "They will hybridize with each other, and if you use a ligase, you can stick them together."

However, restriction enzymes themselves have a critical drawback: the recognition sequence that prompts them to cut is very short, usually only four to eight base pairs. Because the enzymes will cut anywhere that sequence appears, researchers rely on finding a restriction enzyme whose cut site appears only once in the genome of their organism or plasmid, an often difficult proposition when the DNA at hand might be thousands of base pairs long.

This problem has been partially solved simply by the sheer number of restriction enzymes discovered: more than 3600 have been characterized, and over 250 are commercially available. "Just in our freezer, for our other research, we have probably over 100 different restriction enzymes," said Enghiad. "We look through them all whenever we want to assemble something. The chance of finding the unique restriction site is so low."

"Our new technology unifies all of those restriction enzymes into a single system consisting of one protein and two DNA guides. Not only have you replaced them, but you can now target sites that no available restriction enzymes can."

The new method creates AREs through the use of an Argonaute protein (PfAgo) taken fromPyrococcus furiosus, an archeal species. Led by a DNA guide, PfAgo is able to recognize much longer sequences when finding its cut site, increasing specificity and removing much of the obstacles posed by restriction enzymes. Furthermore, PfAgo can create longer sticky ends than even restriction enzymes, a substantial benefit as compared to other AREs.

"When we started, I was inspired by a paper about a related proteinTtAgo. It could use a DNA guide to cleave DNA, but only up to 70 degrees," continued Enghiad. "DNA strands start to separate over 75 degrees, which could allow a protein to create sticky ends. If there were a protein that was active at higher temperatures, I reasoned, that protein could be used as an artificial restriction enzyme. SoI started looking for that, and what I found was PfAgo."

In addition to replacing restriction enzymes in genetic engineering processes, Enghiad and Dr. Zhao believe their technology will have broad applications in the biological research. By creating arbitrary sticky ends, PfAgo could make assembly of large DNA molecules easier and would enable cloning of large DNA molecules, such as biochemical pathways and large genes.

The application of these techniques is broad-reaching, they say, ranging from discovery of new small-molecule drugs to engineering of microbial cell factories for synthesis of fuels and chemicals to molecular diagnostics of genetic diseases and pathogens, which are the areas Dr. Zhao and Enghiad are currently exploring.

"Due to its unprecedented simplicity and programmability (a single protein plus DNA guides for targeting), as well as accessibility...we expect PfAgo-based AREs will become a powerful and indispensable tool in all restriction enzyme or nuclease-enabled biotechnological applications and fundamental biological research," predicts Dr. Zhao. "It is to molecular biology as the CRISPR technology is to cell biology."

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Revolutionizing Biotechnology with Artificial Restriction Enzymes ... - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (press release)

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Why Bioethics Matters in Biotechnology – Azusa Pacific University

February 11th, 2017 2:42 pm

The last five years have witnessed amazing acceleration of innovation in biotechnology. CRISPR will lead to precision gene editing that could vastly improve food crop yields and provide cures to cancer. Lightning-fast gene sequencing will enable early detection of cancer from a simple blood test. High-speed bulk data transfer allows the entire genomes of millions of people to be compared online in the search for cures to both common and rare diseases. Neuromorphic chips will accelerate the dawn of artificial intelligence, and smart prostheses will allow para- and quadriplegic patients to move, the deaf to hear, and the blind to see.

Discovery of synergies in applications that blur the boundaries of traditional science, technology, engineering, and mathematics will continue to fuel this exponential growth of innovation. In spite of this exuberant trend, it is important to remember that innovation and discovery often outpace the regulatory structures that ensure their best and most ethical use in society.

The bioethics field traditionally is interpreted as pertaining mainly to the medical interests of humans. It has dealt with five key issues: beneficence, non-maleficence, patient autonomy, social justice, and patient confidentiality. However, with the advent of nanotechnology and other technologies that allow inter-kingdom transfer of genetic material, a need exists to establish a broader interpretation. Theologian Brian Edgar1 notes that a more robust definition should comprise six key considerations: respect for the intrinsic value of all life, valuing human uniqueness, preserving organismal integrity, recognizing ecologic holism, minimizing future liability, and producing social benefit. These considerations, while not expected to provide all of the answers to ethical dilemmas faced by technological advancement, create a framework for productive discussion of the most important aspects of biotechnology.

As Christians, we must also acknowledge that we are made in the image of God2, and have the unique ability, of all created things, to have a relationship with our Creator. In thoughtfully considering the implications of having been thus created, we have the responsibility of honoring Him by not only valuing human life, but by valuing and caring for His creation as well. If we actively and consistently apply this principle to guide us in making decisions about the application of biotechnology, the benefits to ourselves and to our world will be tremendous.

Posted: February 10, 2017

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Beat Arthritis by checking your teeth – The Nation Newspaper

February 11th, 2017 2:41 pm

Gum/tooth disease is a common complaint that comes with aging, which is the reason many elderly people lose their natural teeth with age. One thing many physicians and their patients are yet to realize is that tooth/gum trouble is a symptom of a much more serious health challenge. Pain in the joints is a well known symptom of Rheumatoid Arthritis, but a much less known fact is the relationship between arthritis and gum/tooth troubles. Physician/researcher Al Sears points this out when he says, But one problem with modern medicine is that specialists often miss the bigger picture. Every part of your body is biologically connected. And whats going on in your mouth can reveal a lot about your health.

New research studies published in the Nature Reviews Rheumatology journal provide evidence to corroborate Sears theory. Sears states, In a study published just a few weeks ago in the journal Nature Reviews Rheumatology, researchers followed 6,616 people for more than 10 years. They found that those who had moderate to severe gum disease had more than twice the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

Sears continues, Other research suggests that clearing up gum disease could help prevent or treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine found that people who were treated for gum disease had significantly more improvement in their Rheumatoid Arthritis symptoms than those who were only treated for their Rheumatoid Arthritis.

There are a lot of bacteria in your mouth, something like 100 billion bacteria. The bacteria form a sticky film called plaque that hardens into tartar. Plaque and tartar cause inflammation in your gums. If you have plaque and tartar buildup, your gums may bleed when you brush your teeth. But those bacteria can also travel around your body. And left unchecked, they can cause inflammation in other parts of your body, like in your joints.

The good news is that treating gum troubles could treat or prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis. The Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine study found that people who were treated for gum disease had significantly more improvement in their RA symptoms than those who were only treated for their Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sears continues, Scientists found that one of the bacteria involved in Periodontitis may trigger a process called citrullination. Researchers who study this process believe its what sparks the immune system and drives the cascade of events that lead to Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The secret of Healthy Teeth is therefore Healthy Joints. To prevent and treat your RA, simply take care of your teeth. Besides just brushing and flossing, do the following for healthy teeth AND joints:

To do this, in the morning before eating or drinking anything, gently swish one tablespoon of coconut oil in your mouth and between your teeth for 10 to 20 minutes. Dont swallow. Spit the used oil into the trash or a jar, not the sink. It will clog your plumbing. Rinse your mouth and brush your teeth as normal.

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Anti-cell death agent a potential treatment for vision loss associated with MS – Science Daily

February 10th, 2017 6:44 am

Science Daily
Anti-cell death agent a potential treatment for vision loss associated with MS
Science Daily
A new therapeutic agent tested in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) produced anti-inflammatory activity and prevented loss of cells in the optic nerve, according to a new study by researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University ...

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The psychological impact of blindness – AOP

February 10th, 2017 6:43 am

Losing sight can make a patient feel broken and no longer whole, Rosemary Robinson explains

10 Feb 2017 by Selina Powell

Optometrists were cautioned against letting their own attitudes towards blindness get in the way of patient care during a 100% Optical presentation on vision loss and psychology.

Consultant ophthalmologist, Rosemary Robinson, emphasised that optometrists and ophthalmologists often viewed blindness as the ultimate professional failure.

Optical professionals react to loss of vision as other health professionals do to loss of life, Ms Robinson highlighted at the show (4-6 February, London ExCeL).

This sense of guilt was strongest in relation to vision loss from potentially curable conditions, she added.

However, optical professionals should not lose sight of the individual while treating a disease, Ms Robinson emphasised.

You are not responsible for vision loss but you are responsible for a patients overall care and treatmentEven if you cant make someone see better you can help make their quality of life better.

During her presentation, The Psychosocial Impact of Vision Loss, Ms Robinson detailed the different ways that blindness could affect a patient.

Some people who experienced vision loss felt broken and no longer whole, she explained.

Many people have a negative stereotype of a blind person and they self-impose that idea. They see themselves as an outsider and different from the rest of the community, she highlighted.

This effect on a persons self-esteem resulted in a patient reassessing their identity.

When blindness occurs its like theyve lost the previous person they were and they have to come to terms with who the new person with the sight loss is going to become, Ms Robinson explained.

Patients were often wary about how their vision would change in the future following a diagnosis.

When losing vision there is often the fear that they will go in to total darkness when, in fact, rarely this is the case, Ms Robinson added.

Losing the ability to see familiar faces and sights that bring people pleasure was a significant loss, she told delegates at the show.

Although a scene or object could be described to someone with sight loss, it was not the same, Ms Robinson explained.

It can be very different seeing it in your minds eye and it can be a source of frustration, she highlighted.

Ms Robinson detailed the different phases of coming to terms with sight loss, including trauma, shock and denial, mourning and withdrawal, and succumbing and depression.

The final stage was reassessment and reaffirmation, she added.

In this stage a patient began to view themselves as essentially the same as before their sight loss.

They just have to deal with life a little differently, Ms Robinson concluded.

Read more from the original source:
The psychological impact of blindness - AOP

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