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Archive for the ‘Veterinary Medicine’ Category

Veterinarians are dying of suicide at high rates, and the U of M is addressing it – West Central Tribune

Saturday, November 2nd, 2019

Kristen Capen, who graduated from the University of Minnesotas College of Veterinary Medicine in the spring, has seen the rough side of the profession. Euthanizing a beloved family pet is hard, she said, even if the animal is elderly or sick.

I feel bad for the family, especially if it's an older dog, if there are kids, if the dad is there, said Capen, who now works at an emergency animal hospital in Arizona. If everyone in the room is crying, sometimes I also cry, out of basically empathy for what they're going through.

Capen said the worst part of her job is when she has to euthanize an animal because the owner can't afford the care or isn't willing to take it on.

It's awful. There's no real way to describe it, she said. It's not murder. But it feels bad, and sometimes it feels wrong, even though it's the only option.

Experts say those stresses help explain why veterinarians have disproportionately high suicide rates. Female vets are three-and-a-half times as likely to die of suicide than the general population, and men are more than twice as likely, according to a study published this year by Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. The study also noted the total number of suicides among female veterinarians has been going up.

There are other complicating factors about the job. Being a veterinarian is one of those careers people dream of their whole lives; it can be disappointing to reach the goal and have it not look the way you imagined. Tuition at vet school is expensive, which means that people often graduate with loads of student debt. And vet salaries often dont keep pace with it.

Besides the headache of dealing with distraught or angry clients, the business model can be difficult to handle, too. While a physician in private practice usually has somebody to handle billing, scheduling, and other tasks, vet practices are often so small that the doctor is managing all of it. And while even general practitioners can refer their patients to specialists, veterinarians are often left doing the job of radiologist, orthopedist, dentist, and every other specialist for their patients.

Acutely aware of these challenges and the increased risk of suicide vet schools are trying to help.

Athena Diesch-Chham has been a clinical veterinary social worker at the vet school at the University of Minnesota for the last seven years. She works with students on both the daily stresses of being in veterinary school and in preparing coping skills for the job. (Diesch-Chham worked with Kristen Capen until Capen graduated last year.)

Some students are really struggling with I hate to say small but smaller stuff of I'm having a really hard day and I just need to get my emotions out, get re-regulated and then get back into class, Diesch-Chham said.

But especially by their fourth year, vet school students are starting to get a real taste of the stresses of the job. That can mean dealing with things like a euthanasia procedure the vet doesnt think needs to be done.

What I have really started to tell our students is, If you don't agree with it, don't do it, because what that does to your psyche and what that does to you emotionally, we're talking years of therapy, she said.

Veterinarian Suzanne Tomasi, an epidemiologist for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, did one of the recent studies that looks at veterinarian suicides. She's also looked at ways to prevent suicide. Some of it is pretty obvious work-life balance stuff, she said, like trying to schedule shorter work shifts.

Other suggestions are more industry-specific ways of making it harder for people with suicidal thoughts to actually hurt themselves. Because of their jobs, veterinarians have access to the chemicals used to put animals down, and studies have found they often use the drugs on themselves.

The other recommendation we've made is looking at checks and balances to help manage euthanasia solutions, Tomasi said.

Other people are working on this, too. There's an organization of veterinarians that runs a support group on Facebook. It just announced a partnership with a company to provide veterinarians with online counseling.

This reporting is part of Call to Mind, our MPR initiative to foster new conversations about mental health.

If you are having thoughts of suicide, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 or go to SpeakingofSuicide.com for more resources.

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Board of Veterinary Medicine

Monday, October 7th, 2019

This process is used for the Boards that are administered in the Business Standards Division.The various Programs administered in the Division use a similar process.

Frequently Asked Questions about Complaint Process

IMPORTANT

When filing or responding to a complaint, be as thorough as possible. You may attach additional documents to the complaint form to ensure that all pertinent information has been included. The Screening Panel meeting is NOT a hearing, but is a time for the panel to consider the complaint and response. Attendance is your choice. If you attend the panel may ask additional questions. Please notify this office prior to the meeting if you plan to attend.

After acomplainthas been filed against a licensed individual...

The Compliance Office will send a letter of acknowledgment to the person who filed the complaint (Complainant), and a letter requesting a response (with a copy of the complaint) to the licensee against whom the complaint was filed.

The Licensee may submit a written response addressing the complaint to the Compliance Office. The process continues whether or not a response is submitted. The Complainant is not entitled to a copy of the response.

The Compliance Office will notify the Licensee and Complainant regarding the date and time of any meeting during which the case will be discussed.

Complaints remain confidential unless aNotice of Proposed Board Actionis issued, which is a public document along with all subsequent legal filings.

MEETINGSClosed Meeting-During a Closed Meeting only the Licensee, the Complainant, and/or attorneys for either can be in attendance. Minutes of Closed Meetings are not public documents.

Open Meeting-A public meeting which anyone can attend. The minutes of Open meetings are public documents and made available online via the specific Boards webpage.(Adjudication Panel meetings are usuallyopen.)

Individuals may attend a meeting in person or by telephone. Please notify this office prior to the meeting if you plan to attend the meeting.

Screening Panel:A committee comprised of members of the Board. The Screening Panels function is to determine the preliminary action(s) to take on a complaint. Possible preliminary actions include dismissal, investigation, or a finding of Reasonable Cause.

The complaint and response (if any) are submitted to the Screening Panel members.The Screening Panel meeting isnota hearing, but rather a committee meeting to review and discuss the complaint and response to determine if disciplinary action is warranted.

DISMISSAL

If the Screening Panel dismisses a complaint, the complaint can be dismissedwithorwithout prejudice(see definitions below).

Dismissal With Prejudice-The complaint is dismissed and cannot be considered by the Screening Panel in the future.

Dismissal Without Prejudice-The complaint is dismissed but may be considered by the Screening Panel in the future if there are ever allegations of a similar nature.

INVESTIGATION

Only a member of the Screening Panel can request an investigation of a complaint. If an investigation is requested by the Screening Panel, the case is assigned to an investigator who may request an interview with the Licensee, the Complainant, and/or other individuals. Upon completion of the investigation, a written report is submitted to the Screening Panel, which will then determine if there isReasonable Causeto proceed with disciplinary action.

Reasonable Cause-A finding by the Screening Panel that evidence exists that a violation of statutes and rules has occurred which warrants proceeding with disciplinary action.

IfReasonable Causeis found, the Department Counsel issues aNotice of Proposed Board Action(Notice) to the Licensee. Once a Notice is issued, it is public information. A proposedStipulationmay be included with the Notice.

Notice-A legal document from the Departments Legal Counsel which sets forth the Departments factual assertions, the statutes or rules relied upon, and advising the licensee of the right to a hearing.

Stipulation- A tentative agreement for settlement of the case. A Stipulation is not finalized until approved by the Adjudication Panel.

The Licensee may either sign theStipulationor contest the proposed action by requesting an administrativeHearing(a legal process before a Hearing Examiner). If the Licensee wishes to request a hearing, written request must be received within twenty (20) days from receipt of the Notice. Failure to either sign a Stipulation or request a hearing within twenty (20) days may result in the issuing of a Final Order of Default against the licensee.

Default- the licensees acceptance of the disciplinary action demonstrated by failing to participate in the process

ADJUDICATION PANEL

Adjudication Panel-A committee comprised of members of the Board who areNOTon the Screening Panel. The Adjudication Panel determines the final outcome of a case.

The Adjudication Panel reviews the record to determine appropriate sanctions. A Final Order is issued by the Adjudication Panel, completing the complaint process.

COMPLAINT PROCESS FLOW

Current license status and information regarding disciplinary action(s) againsta licensee can be accessed online at:https://ebiz.mt.gov/pol/

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A Quick History of Veterinary Medicine | CANIDAE

Thursday, October 3rd, 2019

By Linda Cole

Modern day veterinarians have an essential role in the health and welfare of our pets, as well as livestock and wildlife. Vets are well-versed in the science of animal health, and they promote public health by identifying and combating infectious zoonotic diseases that can be passed from animals to humans. Advances in medical science have provided veterinary professionals with sophisticated equipment, tests, procedures and medicines to treat our pets. However, the history of veterinary science dates back much further than you may realize.

The first known people to dabble in the field of veterinary medicine began around 9000 BC in Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Turkey and Iraq. Sheepherders had a crude understanding of medical skills which were used to treat their dogs and other animals. From 4000 to 3000 BC, Egyptians took earlier medical skills and made further advancements. Historical records and Egyptian hieroglyphs record how they used herbs to treat and promote good health in domesticated animals.

Vedic literature, which was written around 1500 BC, refers to four sacred texts from India written in the Sanskrit language that forms the basis of the Hindu religion. The Kahun Papyrus from Egypt dates back to 1900 BC. Both texts are likely the first written accounts of veterinary medicine. One of the sacred texts documents Indias first Buddhist king, Asoka, who ensured there were two kinds of medicine: one for humans and one for animals. If he discovered there was no medicine available for one or the other, he ordered healing herbs to be bought and planted where they were needed.

The Kahun Papyrus is the oldest known papyrus medical text. Its divided into 34 sections that deal with specific topics. One of the topics is animal gynecology. Tomb drawings predating the Kahun Papyrus by a couple thousand years document early Egyptian understanding of gynecology. Trained specialists were skilled obstetricians and given the name of overseer of cattle. They were charged with examining cattle, attending to pregnancies, and the birthing of calves to ensure their health and survival.

Archaeologists found fragments of a papyrus that was a medical textbook from somewhere around 1850 BC, indicating that Egyptians were familiar with the anatomy of animals, could recognize early warning signs of certain diseases in dogs, birds, fish and cattle, and used specific treatments to deal with them. The Romans, Greeks, Babylonians, Hindus, Arabs and Hebrews also practiced animal medicine. A man named Urlugaledinna, who lived in Mesopotamia in 3000 BC, was considered an expert in his ability to heal animals. Around 500 BC, a Greek scientist named Alcmaeon dissected animals to study them.

Early attempts to regulate and organize the treatment of animals were mainly focused on horses because of their economic importance to society. During the Middle Ages, farriers combined their trade of horseshoeing with general horse doctoring. When the Lord Mayor of London, which is different from the Mayor of London, learned about the poor care horses in London were receiving in 1356, he persuaded all farriers within a seven mile radius of the city to form a fellowship to improve and regulate how they treated horses. The fellowship led to the creation in 1674 of the Worshipful Company of Farriers.

The first veterinary school was founded in Lyon, France in 1761 by Claude Bourgelat, and thats when the profession of veterinary medicine officially began. The school focused on studying the anatomy and diseases of sheep, horses and cattle in an effort to combat cattle deaths from a plague in France. Cattle plagues were common throughout history, but attempts to learn how to fight microorganisms had to wait until the invention of the microscope sometime in the 1590s. The first vaccinations for cattle were developed in 1712 and used to eradicate a plague in Europe.

Over the next ten years, veterinary schools were established in Germany, Sweden and Denmark. In 1791, the London Veterinary College was established and developed veterinary science at a professional level dedicated to animal medicine. The wellbeing and health of horses was their initial focus for years, because of the use of horses in the Army. Eventually they turned their attention to cattle and other livestock, and finally added dogs and other animals.

The first veterinary school established in the United States was the Veterinary College of Philadelphia in 1852, which operated until 1866. In 1883, the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania was established and is the oldest accredited veterinary school still in operation. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) was established in 1863, and the Bureau of Animal Industry under the USDA was set up in 1884 and in operation until 1900. Its purpose was to protect the public from infectious diseases through contaminated meat, eradicate diseases in animals and improve the quality of livestock.

Top photo by Bainbridge Bethesda/FlickrBottom photo by Anne Worner/Flickr

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College of Veterinary Medicine | Washington State University

Wednesday, October 2nd, 2019

Where have all the frogs gone? It happened again that morning. During their rounds, zookeepers found another tank of dead blue poison dart frogs.Read More

A Neuroscientists Quest to Prevent Hearing Loss Nearly 30 million people in the United States have some type of hearing loss, mostly due to aging.Read More

Working together so Kenyans can help Kenyans When Paul Allen visited East Africa, he saw how peoples daily lives could be improved and the desire for local institutions to better serve people in need.Read More

Impact Report 2017-18 119: The age of the college. The WSU College of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1899. It is the 5th oldest veterinary college in the United States.Read More

A painted horse helps students learn anatomy A life-sized painted fiberglass horse will now help WSU undergraduate and veterinary students learn anatomy thanks to a generous donor.Read More

Teaching science students visual literacy life skills Students who study molecular biosciences cant actually see what they are learning.Read More

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Adirondack Veterinary Service

Wednesday, June 5th, 2019

From the moment you walk through our covered porch entrance we do everything to make sure you and your pet feel at ease. Your pet gives you wholehearted and unconditional love so when they need medical care we want you to know you came to the right place. We only see one patient at a time so our doctors and staff can give you and your pet their undivided attention. We strive to make personalized care our forte!

Our practice was established in 1992 as a large animal service to local dairies and horse stables in Oneida County, New York. In the year 2000, after an extensive remodel to the building we are in, we moved to our current facility and expanded our care to include dogs and cats.

Enjoy browsing through our site. In it you will find useful information about our staff and the services we provide. In addition, there are articles about equine and pet care you can peruse. We have also provided several links to other sites that promote optimum pet and horse health. Feel free to contact us with any questions you might have about the services we offer or pet health information you might need.

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Animal Hospital Serving Mesa, AZ – 1st Pet Veterinary Centers

Thursday, May 2nd, 2019

.col > .col-inner { padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; } Entrust Your Pet to a Skilled Veterinarian in Mesa, AZ.

Your pet is part of your family. Whether you own a dog or a cat you want your pet to live free of disease and injury. When your pet needs preventative care or emergency services, you need to bring your beloved companion somewhere it can receive the treatment it needs.

Whether your pet needs preventative veterinary medicine or an after-hours exam by an emergency vet in Mesa, AZ, contact 1st Pet Veterinary Centers.

In 1989, 1st Pet began with the desire to bring first-class veterinary care to the Mesa area. As we grew, so did our ability to serve your pets. Like us, animals can receive a variety of primary care services, including vaccines, dental care, and cleaning. Other primary care services we offer include these:

In addition to these general pet care services, 1st Pet offers emergency aid for your injured or sick animals. Available 24-hours a day, 365 days a year, our team can handle all your pets veterinary needs. We work around the clock because emergencies do not usually happen at convenient times.Our veterinary specialists have training in critical care, internal medicine, and veterinary surgery. Our staff will also give your pets the same care they would give to their own pets.

When you need an animal hospital in Mesa, AZ, call us at (480) 924-1123 or visit us at 5404 E. Southern Ave. We offer compassionate veterinary services to help your pet return to full health.

5404 E. Southern Ave.Mesa, AZ 85206tel:(480) 924-1123

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Houston Lake Animal Hospital, Warner Robins, GA

Monday, March 4th, 2019

Houston Lake Animal Hospital, Warner Robins, GA

We invite you to contact us today to discuss your pets care. Call us at 478-971-4700.

Exercise has many advantages for our pets. Click here to learn about some of them!

Click here for helpful information about preventing parasites in your pet.

Houston Lake Animal Hospital is proud to serve Warner Robins, GA and the surrounding areas. We are dedicated to providing the highest level of veterinary medicine along with friendly, compassionate service.

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We welcome all new clients to our veterinary facility. We invite you to contact us today. If you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to call us at 478-971-4700.

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We value our patients and clients, and we appreciate the role we get to play in your pet's health care. Check this page for different specials that will help you save on services and products.

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Careers in Veterinary Medicine – aavmc.org

Thursday, February 28th, 2019

You can view a list of potential veterinary career paths here.

Whether they're pets, livestock or working animals, animals matter to individuals and society. Every community needs veterinary professionals to provide animal health care, but veterinarians also do many other kinds of jobs. They make sure the nation's food supply is safe. They work to control the spread of diseases. They conduct research that helps both animals and humans. Veterinarians are at the forefront of protecting the public's health and welfare.

Besides medical skills, veterinarians often take a holistic approach to human well-being and animal welfare that, combined with communications and problem-solving skills, makes veterinarians uniquely qualified to fulfill a variety of roles. Many veterinarians, of course, provide care for companion animals through private medical practices, but veterinarians are also involved in promoting the health and welfare of farm animals, exotic animals, working animals (like those in the equine industry), and those that need a healthy environment in which to thrive, whether that environment is a rain forest, a desert or even the ocean.

Outside of companion animal practice, the largest employer of veterinarians in the United States is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, but veterinarians are found throughout government in roles where they contribute to public health, the environment, and even homeland security, as well as working in research and public policy.

Many veterinarians are engaged in work at the intersection of both human and animal health. For example, veterinarians play an important role in food safety, where epidemiological research is crucial to forecasting the threat of food-borne diseases and outbreaks. They work to keep cattle and other food animals healthy by developing and testing various farm control methods that help to detect, limit, and prevent the spread of food that might be contaminated by salmonella, E coli or other pathogens. And theyre often on the front lines of surveillance where their extensive medical training can help them to detect and treat the outbreak of diseases that have the potential to make the jump from animals to humans.

Unmet needs for veterinary expertise exist in some sectors of veterinary medicine, such as public health, biomedical research, and food safety. To help address the lack of veterinarians in biomedical research, the AAVMC is a co-sponsor of the Merial Veterinary Scholars Program. The program's mission is to expose veterinary medical students in their first or second year of veterinary school to biomedical research and career opportunities in research. The program culminates in the Merial NIH National Veterinary Scholars Symposium, where veterinary students participating in the program gather from all over the United States and Canada to present their research findings and share experiences from their various programs.

Learn more about how to embark on a path that will lead to a veterinary medical career on our Students, Applicants and Advisors portal.

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Cornell Career Services: Veterinary Medicine FAQ

Monday, February 18th, 2019

Which college should I enroll in?

A student in any undergraduate college at Cornell may enroll in the courses required for entry into veterinary college. Cornell undergraduate applicants to veterinary school are enrolled primarily in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences with a few in the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Engineering, and the College of Human Ecology. The appropriate choice depends largely on your other academic and career interests. Students should consult the University's publications for information about the seven colleges at Cornell, reviewing their requirements, majors, and course descriptions.

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What should I major in?

Veterinary schools do not require or recommend any particular undergraduate major course of study or designated preveterinary program. Cornell does not have a preveterinary major and there is no evidence that admissions committees of veterinary colleges give special consideration to any particular undergraduate education beyond satisfactory completion of the required undergraduate courses; for this reason you are encouraged to pursue your own intellectual interest in an academic major.

For example, a student might major in animal science, biological sciences, natural resources or development sociology in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Or you might major in biological sciences, English, anthropology in the College of Arts and Sciences or nutrition in the College of Human Ecology. You complete the preprofessional core of courses while at the same time receiving a broad education, and exploring other interests and careers. In this way, you leave open the option of pursuing an alternative career. You are also more likely to succeed at and benefit from subjects that interest and stimulate you, and you leave open the option of pursuing an alternative career.

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What courses should I take?

Veterinary schools, while not requiring or recommending any particular major course of study, do require that particular undergraduate courses be completed. Listed below are the minimum course requirements for admission to the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University. Veterinary Medical School Admission Requirements (VMSAR) contains details for other schools.

English Composition

6 semester credit hours

Biology or Zoology (with laboratory)

6 semester credit hours

Introductory Chemistry (with laboratory)

6 semester credit hours

Organic Chemistry (with laboratory)

6 semester credit hours

Biochemistry

4 semester credit hours

Physics (with laboratory)

6 semester credit hours

General Microbiology (with laboratory)

3 semester credit hours

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Education for becoming a veterinarian: a wider view

In discussing science courses required for entry to veterinary school, it is important to realize that these are only a part of the total educational picture that veterinary schools consider. It is generally agreed that an applicant must be able to perform well in science, to think like a scientist, and even to enjoy science in order to be a competent veterinarian. Being an educated person with an understanding of human nature and human achievement is equally important to veterinarians, both professionally and personally.

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What kinds of animal care related experience do I need?

Veterinary medicine is an animal oriented profession. Therefore, your experiences working with different kinds of animals in different settings and your understanding of the veterinary profession are important consideration in the selection process. Such experience could involve breeding, rearing, feeding and showing various kinds of animals including companion animals, livestock, laboratory animals, zoo animals or wildlife. You should be prepared to present evidence of hands-on experience with animals and sufficient contact with the veterinary profession so that the admissions committee can determine that you have some understanding of the duties and responsibilities of a practitioner and the scope of veterinary medicine.

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What are the acceptance statistics for veterinary schools?

For the classes entering the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University (CVMCU) for the past five years, generally over 20 members of the class were from Cornell. Approximately 100 Cornellians apply to CVMCU each year. No figures are currently available for Cornell students accepted at veterinary schools other than Cornell. Nationally, in 2008 there were over 6,000 applicants to U.S. vet school and over to 2,700 enrolled.

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What is the current employment outlook for vets?

Seventy-five percent of all veterinarians are in private practice, however, veterinarians are employed by government, business, universities, and the military in a wide variety of research, regulatory, and clinical roles. In 2006 the average starting salary for recent graduates was around $56,000 for small animal to $61,000 for large animal practice. The median annual earnings of veterinarians was $72,000 in 2006. Federally employed veterinarians averaged $84,335 in 2007.

Most enrolled need to borrow to cover veterinary college expenses. In order to be able to get loans, be sure to maintain a good credit rating throughout your college years. In 2006 the mean national indebtedness of veterinary graduates was $90,654.

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What is Cornell Accelerated BS/DVM Program?

The double registration program between Cornell University and the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University is approved for students in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. It enables a qualified student to save one year in pursuit of the Bachelor and D.V.M. degrees. The program is intended for students who have been admitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine after completing three years of undergraduate work and who have made sufficient progress on the Bachelor's Degree requirements. Certain courses taken in the College of Veterinary Medicine can be used to complete those requirements. Questions about the program may be directed to Jennifer Mailey, Director of Admissions, College of Veterinary Medicine at Vet_admissions@cornell.edu

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What help does Cornell provide for health careers students?

What other resources are available?

A sample of books available in the Career Library, 103 Barnes Hall.

American Animal Hospital Association Accredited Practice Directory American Zoo and Aquarium Membership Directory Career Choices for Veterinarians: Beyond Private Practice, Carin Smith, DVM Careers with Animals, Ellen Shenk Extraordinary Jobs with Animals, Alecia Devantier & Carol Turkington Get Into Veterinary School - Insights by an Admission Expert, Joseph Piekunka Opportunites in Zoo Careers, Sydney J. Butter

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Veterinarian in Manassas, Virginia | The Veterinary …

Wednesday, February 6th, 2019

The Veterinary Referral Center of Northern Virginia has provided unmatched, compassionate emergency, internal medicine, and surgery care for dogs and cats and their owners throughout Northern Virginia for more than 30 years. We understand and appreciate the needs of our clientsboth owners and referring veterinariansand do our very best to meet these needs.

We provide exceptional emergency services 24/7 365 days a year, including holidays, and unsurpassed referred internal medicine, surgery, behavior medicine, and ophthalmology services at fees that are often significantly less than other regional referral centers. Our veterinarians are award-winning experts in their fields. Providing our patients and clients with an unparalleled care experience is our top priority.

Our Behavior Medicine Division, added in 2016, is led by Dr. Amy Pike, one of fewer than 70 board-certified veterinary behaviorists in North America. Dr. Amy Butler and Dr. Jocelyn Patterson, two highly regarded critical care specialists, are now members of our team. On July 23, 2018 we added an Ophthalmology Division led by Dr. Michelle Samuel, leading board-certified ophthalmologist.

We are locally owned and operated and give back to our community. Trust our highly trained veterinarians and staff members to care for your beloved four-legged family members.

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Veterinary medicine in the United States – Wikipedia

Monday, January 28th, 2019

Veterinary medicine in the United States is the performance of veterinary medicine in the United States, normally performed by licensed professionals, and subject to provisions of statute law which vary by state. Veterinary medicine is normally led by veterinary physicians, normally termed veterinarians or vets.

Veterinarians are often assisted by paraveterinary workers including veterinary technicians and veterinary assistants, and in some cases, these para-professionals may perform work on their own.

Dependent on the jurisdiction, other professionals may be permitted to perform some animal treatment, through either specific exemptions in the law or through a lack of prohibitive legislation. This can include manipulation techniques such as physiotherapy, chiropractic and osteopathy, or animal-specific professions such as horse and cattle hoof trimmers, equine dental technicians, and technicians who specialize in cattle artificial insemination.

The Veterinarian's Oath was adopted by the American Veterinary Medical Association's House of Delegates July 1969, and amended by the AVMA Executive Board, November 1999 and December 2010.

Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health and welfare, the prevention and relief of animal suffering, the conservation of animal resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge.

I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics. I accept as a lifelong obligation the continual improvement of my professional knowledge and competence.

In order to practice, veterinarians must obtain a degree in veterinary medicine, followed by gaining a license to practice. Previously, veterinary degrees were available as a bachelor's degree, but now all courses result in the award of a doctorate and are therefore awarded a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) if the degree is awarded in English, or a Veterinariae Medicinae Doctoris ("Doctor of Veterinary Medicine") (VMD) if the degree is awarded in Latin.

There is a high level of competition for admission to veterinary schools; there are currently only twenty eight veterinary schools in the United States which meet the accreditation standards set by the Council on Education of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), and five in Canada. Entrance requirements vary among veterinary schools, and various pre-professional degree programs have been developed to assist undergraduates in meeting these requirements. Such pre-vet programs are thus similar in concept to pre-med programs, and are often housed in Agricultural Biology,[1] Animal Science,[2] or Biological Science[3] programs.

Following qualification from the doctoral degree, the prospective veterinarian must receive a passing grade on the North America Veterinary Licensing Exam.[4] This exam is completed over the course of eight hours, and consists of 360 multiple-choice questions. This exam covers all aspects of veterinary medicine, as well as visual material designed to test diagnostic skills.

The median salary for starting veterinarians in 2016 was $74,690 in the United States according to U.S. Money News, while the lowest paid graduates earned approximately $53,000 annually. Montana had the lowest state average, while Michigan, Illinois and Hawaii had the highest.

The average income for a private practice associate in the United States was $158,000 in 2016. According to DVM360 most practice owner's paid themselves based on production, including a 3-4% management fee plus a 4.5% "return on investment" fee dependent on the value of their business. We know from industry standards that the average owner of a veterinary practice earns approximately $282,000 per year base salary. These increased values exceed those of public practice including uniformed services and government. In Australia, the profession wide average income was $67,000 in 2011 and this has declined compared to other professions for the past 30 years whilst graduate unemployment has doubled between 2006 and 2011.[5]

As opposed to human medicine, general practice veterinarians greatly outnumber veterinary specialists. Most veterinary specialists work at the veterinary schools, or at a referral center in large cities. As opposed to human medicine, where each organ system has its own medical and surgical specialties, veterinarians often combine both the surgical and medical aspect of an organ system into one field. The specialties in veterinary medicine often encompass several medical and surgical specialties that are found in human medicine.

Veterinary specialties are accredited in North America by the AVMA through the American Board of Veterinary Specialties.[6] While some veterinarians may have areas of interest outside of recognized specialties, they are not legally specialists.

According to a veterinary survey top paying specialties include veterinary anesthesiology ($389,105 median salary in 2008), veterinary ophthalmology ($215,120 median salary in 2009), veterinary nutrition ($202,368 average salary in 2008), and veterinary general surgery ($183,902 average salary in 2008).[7]

Veterinary technicians are the primary paraveterinary workers in the US and assist the veterinarian in the role of a nurse (and in most other anglophone countries, the equivalent role is called a veterinary nurse), providing trained support. The requirements for technicians vary by state, but in most cases, technicians are graduates of two or four year college-level programs and are legally qualified to assist veterinarians in many medical procedures.

Some states choose to license technicians, so that only people with appropriate qualifications are able to fulfill the role, but this is not the case in all jurisdictions.

Veterinary technology as an organized and credentialed career option is relatively young, only existing since the mid 20th century, although it began in 1908 when the Canine Nurses Institute was established in England, and as such is still struggling for recognition in many parts of the world. The first training program for technicians in the United States was established by the Air Force in 1951. The first civilian program was established ten years later in 1961 at the State University of New York (SUNY) Agricultural and Technical College at Delhi. In 1965 Walter Collins, a veterinarian, received federal funding to develop model curricula for training technicians. He produced several guides over the next seven years, and for this work he is considered the "father of veterinary technology" in the United States.[8]

Technical skills include: venipuncture; collecting urine; performing skin scrapings; taking and processing radiographs; and performing routine lab procedures and tests in: hematology, blood chemistry, microbiology, urinalysis, and microscopy. They assist the veterinarian with physical examinations that help determine the nature of the illness or injury. Veterinary technicians also induce and maintain anesthesia, and administer medications, fluids and blood products as prescribed by the veterinarian. Tasks in patient care include: recording temperature, pulse and respiration, dressing wounds, applying splints and other protective devices, and dental procedures. They perform catheterizations urinary, arterial, and venous; ear flushes; intravenous feedings and tube feedings. Equipment use includes operating various types of patient monitors and imaging devices to include electrocardiographic, radiographic and ultrasonographic equipment. Larger referral practices and teaching hospitals may also find veterinary technicians operating computed tomography equipment, magnetic resonance imagers, gamma cameras and other advanced medical devices. Veterinary technicians commonly assist veterinarians in surgery by providing correct equipment and instruments and by assuring that monitoring and support equipment are in good working condition. They may also maintain treatment records and inventory of all pharmaceuticals, equipment and supplies, and help with other administrative tasks within a veterinary practice such as client education. Unlike their more specialized counterparts among medical paraprofessionals, the veterinary technician is usually the only paraprofessional found in a veterinary practice and is thus often called upon to be a jack-of-all-trades.

To become a credentialed veterinary technician, one must complete a two-year or three-year AVMA credentialled degree, most of which result in the awarding of an associate of applied science degree in veterinary technology (those completing a four-year AVMA accredited school gain a bachelor's degree are considered veterinary technologists though the distinction is rarely made with the term technician being used generally.[9]

The education a credentialed technician receives is in-depth and crucial for medical understanding and to give proper health care. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) is responsible for accrediting schools with either Associate's degrees or Bachelor's degrees, though in some states or provinces this is not necessary. The AVMA also accredits schools that offer distance education. As a requirement of AVMA-accreditation, all distance learning programs require a significant amount of practical clinical experience before the student will be allowed to graduate.

Beyond credentialing as a veterinary technician specialty certification is also available to technicians with advanced skills. To date there are specialty recognitions in: emergency & critical care, anesthesiology, dentistry, small animal internal medicine, large animal internal medicine, cardiology, oncology, neurology, zoological medicine, equine veterinary nursing, surgery, behavior, nutrition, clinical practice (canine/feline, exotic companion animal, and production animal sub-specialties), and clinical pathology. Veterinary Technician Specialists carry the additional post-nominal letters "VTS" with their particular specialties indicated in parentheses. As veterinary technology evolves, more specialty academy recognitions are anticipated.

Non-credentialed personnel who perform similar tasks to veterinary technicians are usually referred to as veterinary assistants though the term technician is often applied generously. In many states, a veterinary assistant cannot legally perform as many procedures as a technician. Veterinary assistants often have no formal education related to veterinary medicine or veterinary technology, however, NAVTA recently approved the designation of Approved Veterinary Assistant (AVA) for those successfully completing approved educational programs. In larger facilities with tiered hierarchies veterinary assistants typically assist veterinary technicians in their duties.

Most states in the US allow for malpractice lawsuit in case of death or injury to an animal from professional negligence. Usually the penalty is not greater than the value of the animal. For that reason, malpractice insurance for veterinarians usually is well under $500 a year, compared to an average of over $15000 a year for a human doctor.[10] Some states allow for punitive penalty, loss of companionship, and suffering into the award, likely increasing the cost of veterinary malpractice insurance and the cost of veterinary care. Most veterinarian carry much higher cost business insurance, worker's compensation, and facility insurance to protect their clients and workers from injuries inflicted by animals.

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Holly Hansen, DVM – secaucusvet.com

Wednesday, January 9th, 2019

Dr. Holly Hansen is a born and raised Jersey girl. She completed her undergraduate studies at Felician College in Lodi, NJ graduating with a Bachelors degree in Biology. She earned her DVM degree in 2005 from Tufts University-School of Veterinary Medicine in North Grafton, MA. Soon after graduating from Tufts, she went on to further develop her veterinary skills by completing a one year small animal medicine and surgery internship at Arboretum View Animal Hospital right outside of Chicago.

Prior to becoming a veterinarian though, she worked at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiners Office in Newark, NJ covering multiple counties as a medical crime scene investigator for quite a few years.

Her interests in veterinary medicine include feline medicine, geriatric medicine, and internal medicine. She shares her home with a clowder of felines. She speaks cat, but absolutely loves all kinds of animals.

In her spare time, she enjoys the beach, going to the movies, concerts, music, anything Barry Manilow, and horror conventions.

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What You Need to Know About Being a Veterinarian

Sunday, November 25th, 2018

LWA/Stone/Getty Images

Veterinarians tend to the healthcare needs of animals, including pets, livestock, and zoo and laboratory animals. Commonly called vets, most work in private clinics, treating companion animals, such as dogs and cats. They diagnose illnesses and perform medical procedures.

A small number of people who work in this field are equine veterinarians who treat horses, and food animal vets who work with farm animals who are raised to become food sources.

Some vets specialize in food safety and inspection. They check livestock for illnesses that animals can transmit to humans. Others are research veterinarians who study human and animal health conditions.

To learn about typical job duties in this field, we perused job listings onIndeed.com.

They listed the following tasks:

To become a veterinarianyou will have to earn a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M. or V.M.D.) degree from an accredited college of veterinary medicine. Although many schools admit applicants who don't have a bachelor's degree, earning one will increase your odds of gaining admission. There is keen competition for entry into this four-year program.

You will need a state-issued professionallicenseto practice. Every state requires candidates for licensure to pass the North American Veterinary Licensing Exam (NAVLE) administered by the International Council for Veterinary Assessment.

Many states also give their own exams.

Although it is not mandatory, many veterinarians choose to become certified in a specialty, for example, surgery or internal medicine. Requirements vary for eachbut may include getting experience in that area, passing an examination, spending additional time in school, or completing a three- to four-year residency program.

In addition to formal training, to be successful as a veterinarian, you need specific qualities you won't learn in school. Number one on this list is compassion, both toward the animals you will be treating and their owners. You will also need outstandingcritical thinking skills to aid in choosing appropriate treatment methods. Excellent interpersonal skills are also a mustsince you will spend time communicating with animal owners, staff members, and colleagues.

Manual dexterity and strong problem-solving skills are essential as well.

We again took a look at Indeed.com to find out what qualities employers are looking for in job candidates. This is what we learned:

Yourinterests,personality type, andwork-related valuesmust be a good match for any career you are considering. If you have the following traits, you could excel as a veterinarian:

Varies by specialty:

$208,560(general practitioners); $251,890+(surgeons)

Nurse Practitioner

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,Occupational Outlook Handbook; Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor,O*NETOnline(visited October 12, 2018).

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Steps to Becoming a Veterinarian Veterinary and Biomedical …

Sunday, November 25th, 2018

There are 30 veterinary schools accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in the U.S. There were nearly 6,800 applicants competing for approximately 2,700 openings in 2013. In other words, it is very competitive to gain admission to a veterinary school.

Admission requirements for veterinary schools have many things in common; however the specific requirements may vary among schools. It is therefore advisable to become familiar with the entrance requirements (PDF) early in your career as this may affect course selection especially after your first year of college.

Most U.S. veterinary schools utilize the centralized application service operated by the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (Veterinary Medical College Application Service-VMCAS). This application service accepts your application and your letters of evaluation and distributes them to each school you indicate. Applicants should make sure to submit their transcripts to VMCAS. Many schools have a supplemental application as well and require that this information be sent directly to the school.

Take all the mathematics, chemistry, biology, and physics courses which are available to you in middle and high school; they will open up many career opportunities in college including veterinary medicine.

Choose a degree program which will provide you a strong grounding in the biological and physical sciences. Make a list of degree programs at various universities and colleges and visit them individually. Find a program that will suit your needs the best. There are various undergraduate pathways to study prior to be admitted to vet schools.

All the required courses for you to get admitted to most vet schools are required in the Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Program at Penn State.

Criteria that you should accomplish during your undergraduate degree before your application to Veterinary Colleges

Make sure to have a back-up plan!

Most U.S. veterinary schools require the following college courses (specific Penn State courses are listed in parentheses):

Most college students traditionally apply to vet schools in the fall of their senior year to meet the deadline of September 15 (generally speaking). Hopefully you will have the entire junior year to prepare to take GRE test and decide on which vet schools and how many vet schools to apply.

There are many factors to consider when choosing which schools to apply. While all 30 veterinary schools are good quality schools, there are different strength(s) that each school has to offer. You just need to match your strengths and desire with theirs when making a decision. We recommend you apply to 5 to 7 schools.

Take time to evaluate schools to determine the best schools for you and save on application costs. Start your VMCAS online application as soon as it becomes available. Ask your recommendation letters on a timely fashion. Utilize VMCASs check-list to send a complete package to them.

After receiving interview offers from the vet schools, you start preparing for the each interview. Consult with your academic adviser, pre-vet club advisers, and career counseling advisers on your campus to prepare for your interviews. Usually Pre-Vet club holds sessions on previous years applicants about general dos and donts on veterinary school applications/interviews. April 15 is a general deadline to "accept" or "decline" on admission.

Veterinary Medical Education in the U.S. is 4 years beyond undergraduate degree. After completing the D.V.M. (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) or V.M.D. (Veterinariae Medicinae Doctoris) degree, candidates have to take the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) in order to practice in the U.S. Each state has its own licensing procedures and requirements which are listed online.

There are currently 22 AVMA-recognized veterinary specialties. Applicants may pursue board certification in a particular specialty or two after obtaining a DVM/VMD degree. You may visit the website of any of the AVMA-recognized veterinary specialty organizations by visiting the AVMA American Board of Veterinary Specialties website.

Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health, the relief of animal suffering, the conservation of livestock resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge. I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics. I accept as a lifelong obligation the continual improvement of my professional knowledge and competence.

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Veterinary Medicine courses in the UK

Sunday, November 25th, 2018

A Veterinary Medicine degree in the UK will give students an excellent base to begin their veterinary career, equipping them with the knowledge and ability to help with the surgical treatment and care of animals. Transferrable skills will also see graduates move into sectors such as food safety, research and pharmaceuticals.

A typical Veterinary Medicine undergraduate degree lasts five years and modules generally cover anatomy and physiology, animal husbandry, microbiology, public health, parasitology and pathology. The first two years of the programme are classed as the foundation phase, with the third and fourth clinical and fifth professional.

Your Veterinary Medicine Application

SI-UK can help you apply to study Veterinary Medicine in the UK. Arrange your free consultationat our officesin London or Manchester or via Skype.

The number of placesavailable to study Veterinary Medicine each year is limited, and the application procedure is extremely competitive. In 2014, Edinburgh received approximately 2,150 applications for 190 Home/EUplaces and 500 overseas applications for 17 places, meaning there is about one place for every 14 Home/EUapplicants and one place for every 42 overseas applicants.

Veterinary Medicine graduates are in demand and will move into private animal welfare practices, as well as working at charities, laboratories, abattoirs and within the public health sector. If a student chooses to continue study at postgraduate level, careers can be forged in more specialist areas of the profession.

IELTS Preparation Classes

If you need to improve your IELTS score ahead of beginning a Veterinary Medicine degree,learn more about low cost andflexible part-time IELTS classes in Londonor Manchestertoday.

Please note that entry requirements vary for each UK university.

To learn more aboutthe best Veterinary Medicinecourses in the UK, find details on the top ranking Veterinary Science universities in theGuardian University Guide 2019below:

Do you need assistance in applying to Cambridge? TheOxbridge Servicewill fully prepare you in your application to some of the best universities in the world with intense interview practice and expert personal statement advice.

If you are interested in studyingVeterinary Medicine in the UK, arrange yourfree consultationtoday.Don't forget thePremium Servicewillguarantee you at least one offer from a UK university!

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Companion Animal Hospital – Veterinarian in Blythewood, SC

Saturday, November 10th, 2018

If you live in Blythewood or the surrounding area and need a trusted veterinarian to care for your pets look no further. Dr. Brian Gallery and Dr. Cara McKinnon are licensed SC veterinarian, treating small animals. Your pets health and well being are very important to us, and we take every possible measure to give your animals the care they deserve.

Dr. Gallery is a native of Columbia. He graduated from Heathwood Hall Episcopal High School,Lewis and Clark College, and The University of Georgia College ofVeterinary Medicine. Dr. Gallery enjoys meeting both first time andexperienced pet owners, and has a special interest in both canine andfeline medicine.

Dr. McKinnon is originally from Douglas, Ga. She graduatedfrom Coffee County High School, Valdosta State University, and TheUniversity of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. Dr. McKinnon enjoysall surgical cases and is especially interested in dental surgery, lasersurgery and soft tissue surgery.

Companion Animal Hospital is a fullservice veterinary hospital offering vaccines and annual check ups as wellas emergency and surgical care. We always gladly accept new clients, andlove to talk to new owners about their pets! In addition to veterinaryservices Companion Animal Hospital also offers daily grooming, bathing, andboarding in a fully climate controlled kennel with multiple oversized runs.

At Companion Animal Hospital, we treat your pets like the valued family members they are.

Dr. Brian Gallery and Dr. Cara McKinnonBlythewood Veterinarian | Companion Animal Hospital | (803) 786-2412

120 Blythewood Rd.Blythewood, SC 29016

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Vets in Blythewood, SC – Local Vets and Veterinary Clinics …

Saturday, November 10th, 2018

Our specialists are available on an appointment basis Monday through Friday to see pets as a referral from your primary veterinarian. We have an excellent team of specialists who are board-certified in Orthopedic Surgery, Soft Tissue Surgery, and Neurology!

While our doors may not be open 24/7, our hospital is always staffed with veterinary personnel capable of handling any emergency situation, as well as specialists who are available on call after hours for the most critical of patients.

VCA Animal Specialty Center of South Carolina serves the local community of Columbia, South Carolina, as well as reaching out across the state, and even into the state of Georgia. Although many of our doctors have been practicing much longer, VCA has been serving this area for over five years!

Everyone on our staff believes that the better we get to know your pets, the better we can provide the best possible care for them. In fact, when you come in, you'll see exactly why our veterinarians are praised for their kind and thorough care. We'll give you and your pet all the time you need, and never rush through a consultation.

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Limehouse Veterinary Clinic Of Holistic Medicine …

Wednesday, October 17th, 2018

Welcome toLimehouse Veterinary Clinic of Holistic Medicine

If you live in Glendale or the surrounding area in CA, then you have picked the perfect site to find a holistic veterinarian.Your pet's health and well being is very important to us and we will take every step to give your pet the best possible care.

At Limehouse Veterinary Clinic of Holistic Medicine,we offer acupuncture by veterinarians that are certified in veterinary acupuncture by the International Veterinary Acupuncture Society (IVAS), homeopathy, Chinese and Western herbal therapy, musculoskeletal manipulation (our doctors have been trained by the American Veterinary Chiropractic Association),nutritional counseling, as well as conventional veterinary care.

Because our doctors and staff are trained in both holistic and Western allopathic medicine, we are able to integrate these treatment methods as dictated by the needs of each pet; therefore,providing truly individualized treatment for each of our patients.

If you are like us, then you consider your pet to be a member of your family. We havegatheredseveral resourcesto help youlearn about how to take better care of your furry family members. Feel free to browsethrough our website which includeseducational articles and videos. We believe the best veterinary care for pets includes proper nutrition, wellness,and problem prevention. Call today with any questions you may have or to schedule an appointment818-761-0787. For your convenience,you may also contact uselectronically by filling out our on-line contact form. Our Glendale clinic is very easyto locate.Click onour Contact Us page forspecific directions.You can also subscribe to our newsletter which is created especially for Glendale pet owners. In between your veterinary visits, your pet will benefit from you reading these free informative articles.

At Limehouse Veterinary Clinic of Holistic Medicine, we treat your pets like the valued family members they are.

Glendale Veterinarian | Limehouse Veterinary Clinic of Holistic Medicine | 818-761-0787

1733 Victory Blvd.Glendale, CA 91201staff@limehousevetclinic.com

The Limehouse Clinic provides all customers with full and equal access to our services. Please identify the need for any disability accommodation or wheelchair access upon making your appointment.

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veterinary medicine | Definition, Training, History, & Facts …

Sunday, September 30th, 2018

Veterinary medicine, also called veterinary science, medical specialty concerned with the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the health of domestic and wild animals and with the prevention of transmission of animal diseases to people. Veterinarians ensure a safe food supply for people by monitoring and maintaining the health of food-producing animals.

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animal disease

The branch of medicine called veterinary medicine deals with the study, prevention, and treatment of diseases not only in domesticated animals but also in wild animals and in animals used in scientific research. The prevention, control, and eradication of diseases of economically important animals are agricultural concerns. Programs for the

Persons serving as doctors to animals have existed since the earliest recorded times, and veterinary practice was already established as a specialty as early as 2000 bce in Babylonia and Egypt. The ancient Greeks had a class of physicians who were called horse-doctors, and the Latin term for the specialty, veterinarius (pertaining to beast of burden), came to denote the field in modern times. Today veterinarians serve worldwide in private and corporate clinical practice, academic programs, private industry, government service, public health, and military services. They often are supported in their work by other veterinary medicine professionals, such as veterinary nurses and veterinary technicians.

Veterinary medicine has made many important contributions to animal and human health. Included are dramatic reductions in animal sources of human exposure to tuberculosis and brucellosis. Safe and effective vaccines have been developed for prevention of many companion (pet) animal diseasese.g., canine distemper and feline distemper (panleukopenia). The vaccine developed for control of Mareks disease in chickens was the first anticancer vaccine. Veterinarians developed surgical techniques, such as hip-joint replacement and organ transplants, that were later applied successfully to people.

A major challenge to veterinary medicine is adequately attending to the diversity of animal species. Veterinarians address the health needs of domestic animals, including cats, dogs, chickens, horses, cows, sheep, pigs, and goats; wildlife; zoo animals; pet birds; and ornamental fish. The sizes of animals that are treated vary from newborn hamsters to adult elephants, as do their economic values, which range from the undefinable value of pet animal companionship to the high monetary value of a winning racehorse. Medicating this variety of tame and wild animals requires special knowledge and skills.

On the basis of recognition by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the government of a country, there are about 450 veterinary degree programs worldwide. The level of veterinary training varies greatly among the various countries, and only about one-third of these programs designate the degree awarded as a doctors degree. Professional training of veterinarians is commonly divided into two phases. The first, or basic science, phase consists of classroom study and laboratory work in the preclinical sciences, including the fields of anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, toxicology, nutrition, microbiology, and public health. The second phase focuses on the clinical sciences and includes classroom study of infectious and noninfectious diseases, diagnostic and clinical pathology, obstetrics, radiology, anesthesiology, surgery, and practice management and hands-on clinical experience in the colleges veterinary teaching hospital. The clinical experience gives students the opportunity to treat sick animals, perform surgery, and communicate with animal owners. Student activities in the clinical setting are conducted under the supervision of graduate veterinarians on the faculty. Several important opportunities for additional training are available to graduate veterinarians. Internship (one-year) and residency (two-to-five-year) programs enable veterinarians to gain clinical proficiency in one or two medical specialties. Graduate veterinarians can also pursue advanced degree programs. Usually the field of advanced study is medically oriented, but some seek advanced degrees in areas such as business.

Most clinical-practice veterinarians treat only companion animals and usually within the practices clinic, or animal hospital. A small proportion treat only food-producing animals or horses, most often by traveling to the location of the animal in a vehicle equipped for veterinary services in the field. Most of the remainder in clinical practice are in mixed practices, which deal with both small animals and large domestic animals such as cattle or horses. Some small-animal practices offer services for special species such as ornamental fish, caged birds, and reptiles. Some practices may limit work to a specific medical area such as surgery, dentistry, dermatology, or ophthalmology. Corporate-owned animal hospitals have increased in number and are often combined with a retail outlet for pet supplies.

Veterinarians in academia administer the basic and clinical science programs of veterinary colleges. In addition, they conduct basic and clinical research, the latter of which may involve application of new instrumentation technologies for diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases. Included are echocardiography, laser lithotripsy, endoscopy, nuclear scintigraphy, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; see nuclear magnetic resonance).

Veterinary medicine intersects with private industry in such areas as marketing of animal-health products, monitoring of animal health in large commercial animal-production programs, and biomedical research. Veterinary specialists in industry work in the fields of toxicology, laboratory animal medicine, pathology, molecular biology, and genetic engineering. Pharmaceutical companies employ veterinarians in the development, safety testing, and clinical evaluation of drugs, chemicals, and biological products such as antibiotics and vaccines for animals and people.

National and local governments employ veterinarians in those agencies charged with public health, protection of the environment, agricultural research, food and drug safety, food-animal inspection, the health of imported animals, and the humane treatment of animals. Veterinarians working in public-health programs, for example, evaluate the safety of food-processing plants, restaurants, and water supplies. They also monitor and help control animal and human disease outbreaks. The increased threat of bioterrorism has given veterinarians vital roles in the protection of the food supply for animals and people and in early detection of use of zoonotic organisms as weapons. Veterinarians also work in aerospace; e.g., they have been scientific advisers on animal use in the U.S. space program and have been members of U.S. space shuttle crews. Veterinarians in military service perform biomedical research, care for military dogs, and protect troops through food-inspection and communicable-disease monitoring-and-control programs.

See also animal disease.

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Board of Veterinary Medicine / The Minnesota Board of …

Sunday, August 19th, 2018

Minnesota law and Board policy now require that all applicants for initial licensure or license reinstatement must complete a fingerprint-based criminal background check (Minn. Stat. 214.075). Veterinarians with existing licenses may be required to have a one-time criminal background check (CBC) in the future in conjunction with license renewal.

The Minnesota Health Licensing Boards have cooperatively established the Criminal Background Check Program to help you efficiently complete this mandatory background check. Fingerprints are crosschecked with databases of the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension and Federal Bureau of Investigation.

When you apply for licensure, the criminal background check fee ($32) must be bundled into your other licensing fees and paid at the same time. After you have paid all required licensing fees and the criminal background check fee, you will be sent a packet containing additional information and directions from the Criminal Background Check Program. You are responsible for having your fingerprints taken promptly and for completing all required paperwork so as to not delay finalizing your license application. Previously taken fingerprints cannot be used. Some agencies charge a fee for fingerprinting services. Fingerprinting can be done without a fee at the Criminal Background Check Program office at the address below. Please contact that office to make an appointment after you receive the information packet.

See the Criminal Background Check information page on our website for more details.

REVISED: Urgent and Emergency Veterinary Compounding Guidance office supply limit extended to 7 days.

Minnesota Opioid Overdose Deaths Continue to Rise. Minnesotas Department of Health has released preliminary numbers for 2017 which show a 74% increase in deaths due to synthetic opioidsfrom 2016. Much of this increase is attributed to more fentanyl-related deaths. The final report is expected in 2017. Veterinarians are encouraged to be vigilant to avoid diversion from veterinary sources.

Source: MN Department of Health, May 15, 2018

Minnesota Department of Human Services has provided opioid prescribing guidelines for health care providers. Information in the guidelines may be useful to veterinarians in clinical practice as well. You may view the guidelineshere.

The Secretary of State has an updated website featuring details and contact information for members of the Board of Veterinary Medicine. You may view the site here.

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