StemCell Therapy

MS brain lesion as seen on an MRI.

By obliterating the broken immune systems of patients with severe forms of multiple sclerosis, then sowing fresh, defect-free systems with transplanted stem cells, researchers can thwart the degenerative autoimmune diseasebut it comes at a price.

In a small phase II trial of 24 MS patients, the treatment halted or reversed the disease in 70 percent of patients for three years after the transplant. Eight patients saw that improvement last for seven and a half years, researchers report in the Lancet. This means that some of those patients went from being wheelchair-bound to walking and being active again. But to reach that success, many suffered through severe side effects, such as life threatening infections and organ damage from toxicity brought on by the aggressive chemotherapy required to annihilate the bodys immune system. One patient died from complications of the treatment, which represents a four percent fatality rate.

Moreover, while the risks may be worthwhile to some patients with rapidly progressing forms of MSa small percentage of MS patientsthe researchers also caution that the trial was small and did not include a control group.

Larger clinical trials will be important to confirm these results, study coauthor Mark Freedman of University of Ottawa said in a statement. Since this is an aggressive treatment, the potential benefits should be weighed against the risks of serious complications associated with [this stem cell transplant], and this treatment should only be offered in specialist centres experienced both in multiple sclerosis treatment and stem cell therapy, or as part of a clinical trial, he added.

Similar treatments have been used before in other trials, which also showed positivethough not as dramaticresults. Generally, researchers start by harvesting a patients haematopoietic stem cells, which give rise to the bodys immune system. Then researchers use chemotherapy to knock back the patients misbehaving immune system. In MS patients, defective immune responses rip off the insulation from nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation, lesions, and nerve damage that eventually lead to physical and mental disabilities. The disease can progress in bouts over decades or continuously over months.

With that defective immune system weakened, researchers can replace the patient's stem cells, which are distant enough predecessors that they don't carry the glitches that trigger MS. Thus, they can potentially spawn a flaw-free immune system.

Freedman and colleagues took this general treatment strategy a step further by not just knocking back the patients defective immune system, but byannihilating it completely with a cocktail of powerful drugs.

It's important to stress that this is a very early study, Stephen Minger, a stem cell biologist not involved with the study, told the BBC. Nevertheless, the clinical results are truly impressive, in some cases close to being curative.

Freedman added that future research will be geared not only to replicating the results in larger trials, but to figuring out how to make it safer for patients.

Lancet, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30169-6 (About DOIs).

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Risky stem cell treatment reverses MS in 70% of patients ...

Stem cells are unquestionably some of the most amazing cells in the human body. These are undifferentiated cells that do not have a direct blueprint or specific destiny. The can become differentiated into specialized cells anywhere throughout the body. They are classified as 2 different types of cells, those that are from embryonic origin and those called adult stem cells.

In the developing embryo, these cells differentiate into ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These give rise to our spine, nerves, and all our organs. Adult stem cells are primarily used to repair, replenish, and regenerate tissues.

Historically, stem cells can come from a variety of tissues. These include umbilical cord, fetal tissue, bone marrow, or the best source as adipose or fat cells.

Adipose derived stem cells have the highest numbers of cells when collected and tested compared to all others . This is by far the preferred method of stem cell therapy because of sheer numbers and the fact that they are coming from your own body. This is called autologous therapy.

Stem cell research in this country has been in existence for over 60 years. There are a wide range of studies and articles describing its dramatic benefit for chronic diseases. Many of these publications are available for you to read on my website.

In performing stem cell therapy, extremely strict guidelines mus be followed in coordination with a specialized clinical trial review board. This ensures accuracy, sterility, and quality control of the procedure. This information gathered from the procedure, including various forms of documentation can be used for medical publication at a later date. Physician notes and procedure as well as a questionnaire filled out by patients periodically are part of this process. This enables the highest level of procedure and documentation possible.

The procedure takes approximately one and a half hours to complete. Initially, patients are examined, appropriate blood or other testing is done and reviewed and schedule is made to begin procedure.

Typically, stem cell therapy is done within 2 weeks of initial consultation.

On the day of procedure, stem cells are extracted from abdominal belly fat, love handles, or around the buttocks, this takes 5-10 minutes then patients sit and relax while the processing is done. It is then washed and centrifuged 3 times to allow separation of cells and harvest stem cells. At the end of the procedure, microscopic analysis can estimate the number of stem cells available of injection. Injection can be done either into joint, connective tissue, muscle or for all other organs or systemic diseases, intravenously. Intranasal technique is also used for MS, Parkinsons and Alzheimers disease.

Diseases that are currently available for treatment with stem cells include:

Arthritis Alzheimers disease

COPD Critical Limb Ischemia

Diabetes Erectile Dysfunction

Frailty Syndrome Liver Failure

Localized Ischemia Lupus

Multiple Sclerosis Parkinsons Disease

Pulmonary Fibrosis Renal Failure

Rheumatoid Arthritis Stroke

Vascular Insufficiency Heart Failure

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Stem Cell Therapy / drcalapai.net

Source: http://www.abc57.com By: Vahid Sadrzadeh

Video Link Here: ABC57 News See the Difference Michiana

An unprecedented stem cell procedure was performed today at a veterinary clinic in Michiana. [Click link above to watch video].

The surgery was for5-year-old German Shepherd, Nike, and set anexample of how stem cell therapy is changing modern medicine.

Although it took merely 30 minutes, it was toughfor Jayne Stommel to watch,Nikes owner and trainer.

Stommel traveled from Indianapolis to South Bend hoping the operation would relieve her 5-year-old super dog of arthritic pain and ensure Nike could continue working for many more years.

Stommelslove for training rescue dogs began long before Guinness and Nike came along.

After seeing the devastation of 9/11 firsthand, Stommel says shediscovered her calling.

With a little bit of research and the right dog,that dream became a reality.

Nike, is one of only 150 certified FEMA trained rescue dogs in the nation that actively works to find survivors of fires, building collapses and natural disasters.

While training at only a year old, Nike was in an accident which ultimately led to arthritis in her hips.

Nike is mid-career, she just turned five. If she doesnt have to stop because the pain in her hips, she should be able to go another four or five years, saidStommel.

Stommel knew in order to prolong Nikes career as long as possible, the stem cell procedure, which was affordable and minimally invasive, was necessary.

It takes a lot of work and training and thats after you find the right dog. They are very unique dogs. Being able to keep her working longer, is very important, saidStommel.

Noticing that Nike was favoring her hip during recent training, Stommelwas recommended to and then sought the help of Dr. Chris Persing and the team at Western Veterinary Clinic on the edge of South Bend.

The treatment was divided into two operations, the first was this morning.

We opened up her abdomen; we found a good healthy layer of fat that we pulled out. I handed that over to a staff so that she could prepare that tissue. To extrude the stem cells, to incubate them, to excite them, to get them ready for a job to do. Later on in the day, we went ahead and used those stem cells to inject in to Nikes hips, says Persing, Associate Veterinarian.

The injection went well and hopes are high for a full recovery.

After a two or three week period, she should be pretty much back to her normal activity and doing the things that she needs to for training again, saidPersing.

And in just two monthsStommels other German Shepherd, Guinness, will be joining that exclusive list of certified FEMA trained rescue K9s.

Until then the two train together, waiting for Nike to join the pack again.

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Stem Cell Worx News

Stem Cell Therapy Plus is also called Live Cell Therapy or Regenerative Medicine.

Anecdotal evidence shows that through the usage of Stem Cell Therapy Plus, improvements can be seen in the following cases of degenerative diseases:

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Stem cells are cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. In addition, in many tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells.

When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a nerve cell, or a brain cell.

Stem Cell Supplements are developed based on the merits of stem cells and they are applied for degenerative diseases treatments and to stimulate the formation of all the different tissues of the body: muscle, cartilage, tendon, ligament, bone, blood, nerve, organs, etc.

Stem Cell Supplements bring essential anti-ageing, health & beauty benefits by providing necessary elements to the body to improve cellular regeneration, organ rejuvenation and tissue healing.

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Stem Cell Therapy in Switzerland Life Cell Injections ...

On this blog I have been writing about stem cells, hyperbaric oxygen (HBOT), and some incredible new observations related to reversing brain inflammation. All of the diseases I listed above and a whole bunch more are tied to persistent inflammation. Inflammation itself is very important to the body. In a healthy person it doesnt persist. It comes in response injury or infection cleans that up then stem cells communicate the need to stop the inflammation and heal. To that extent, these chronic persistent inflammatory conditions are the result of a failure of stem cells to do their job to counter inflammation. I will explain what is keeping them out of the process below and in future posts.

As this following picture demonstrates, the balance of inflammation regulation in the brain is complicated, intricate and precarious. But science has reached a point where we understand a large portion of the regulatory pathways.

[Frontiers in Bioscience 14, 5291-5338, June 1, 2009]

Caption: Microglia are the primary recipients of peripheral inflammatory signals as they reach the brain. Activated microglia initiate an inflammatory cascade by releasing cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS, respectively). Bi-directional exchanges between microglia and astroglia amplify inflammatory signals within the central nervous system (CNS). Cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma induce indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), the enzyme responsible for degrading tryptophan, the primary precursor of serotonin (5-HT), into kynurenine, which is eventually metabolized into quinolinic acid (QUIN), a potent NMDA agonist and stimulator of glutamate (Glu) release. Multiple astrocytic functions are compromised due to the excessive exposure to cytokines, prostaglandins, QUIN and RNS/ROS, ultimately leading to downregulation of glutamate transporters, impaired glutamate reuptake, excessive glutamate release and compromised synthesis and release of neurotrophic factors. Oligodendroglia suffer damage due to toxic overexposure to cytokines such as TNF-alpha, and diminished neurotrophic support, both of which promote apoptosis and demyelination. Copious amounts of glutamate are released from astrocytes in the vicinity of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors, whose activation leads to inhibition of BDNF synthesis. Excessive NMDA activation, caused by QUIN and D-serine, is compounded by diminished glutamate reuptake by astrocytes and oligodendroglia. NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, combined with a consequent decline in neurotrophic support, and an increase in oxidative stress, synergistically disrupts neural plasticity and induces apoptosis (cell death).

So it doesnt matter if we are talking about autism, post-stroke inflammation, Alzheimers, HIV dementia; the central mechanism is largely the same.

Now this is important to understand: if we have persistent inflammation in the brain, what is driving that signal? The immune system has lots of regulatory steps designed to keep it in balance, but despite all the intrinsic safeguards in the system it has lost control. Why?

Some perspective: About 5 years ago I was sitting on a bus with Professor Thayne Sweeten. We were on our way to dinner to relax after a full day of brainstorming as a group of researchers interested in autism. Thayne is a bright guy. His PhD dissertation was Immune Activation and Autoimmunity in Autism. He explained from everything he had seen regarding the immune system of autism; the CSF observations, the increase in neopterin, etc,, that at least a significant subgroup of children had the immunological footprint of a persistent viral pathogen.

I agreed and I still do agree especially after 5 years of discoveries. And it doesnt have to be a virus: many other pathogenic bacteria and fungi could cause the same response. But for simplicity lets just say virus.

We dont have to agree about which virus is persistent in autism, it actually doesnt matter that much. I am surprised to hear myself say that, but after what I have learned in the last few months, I dont think the actual virus is that important. That is because most do not have a specific anti-viral drug (apart from HIV and some Herpes viruses). Even in those cases the drugs are inadequate and something else is needed.

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS BLINDED

The picture depicts the blind miraculously being given sight. I would love to see a miracle of immune unblinding in autism, or any of these other disorders. Absent that we need to give it sight medically.

If you read my blog about this last night I spoke about the problem. We have a raging immune response just like we would expect with a viral infection, except it doesnt go away. Why? The immune cells (particularly macrophages) seem to be blind and cannot find the enemy they are looking for. So while they stumble around, unable to find the viral enemies, the entire system stays turned on. And it will stay turned on until either stem cells say enough its time to heal, or until the virus is eliminated.

The evidence is we dont generate enough stem cell response to regulate this type of immune response presumably because the viruses are still present. Therefore, extra stem cells may help cool the immune fires. BUT, and it is an important but, do we want to down-regulate the immune system if a virus is still present? My belief is no.

What we want is to make the virus go away and with that have the immune response naturally calm down.

To do that we have to give sight to the blind and help the macrophages find their targets.

To do this we are working with some of the finest biotech labs in Europe and we believe we have the solution. More on that to come.

A brief but helpful discussion about TNF alpha is on wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha

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Stem Cell Therapy | Dr Jeff Bradstreet, MD, MD(H), FAAFP

Regenexx Knee Stem Cell Therapy for Injuries and ArthritisChris Centeno2015-08-07T15:30:40+00:00

The Regenexx family ofnon-surgical stem cell and blood platelet procedures offer next-generation injection treatments for those who are suffering from knee pain or may be facing knee surgery or knee replacement due to common tendon, ligament and bone injuries, arthritis and other degenerative conditions.

As an alternative to knee surgery or knee replacement, Regenexx procedures may help alleviate knee pain and the conditions that cause it with a same-day office injection procedure. Unlike traditional surgery, Regenexx patients are typically encouraged to walk the same day, and most patients experience very little down time from the procedure.

Knee Patient Results | Regenexx SD Procedure Overview | ACL Injuries | Meniscus Tears

This is not a complete list of conditions treated, but the most common knee conditions we have treated throughout the years. If you are experiencing knee pain, injury, or arthritis, please contact us or complete the candidacy form below to learn more about whether the Regenexx Procedures are right for you.

This Regenexx-SD (same-day) bone marrow derived stem cell treatment outcome data analysis is part of the Regenexx data download of patients who were tracked in the Regenexx advanced patient registry.

This Regenexx-SD (same-day) bone marrow derived stem cell treatment outcome data analysis is part of the Regenexx data download of patients who were tracked in the Regenexx advanced patient registry following treatment for Meniscus Tears.

This data utilizes LEFS (Lower Extremity Functional Scale) data from our knee arthritis patients treated with stem cell injections. Functional questionnaires ask the patients questions such as how well they can walk, run, climb stairs, etc. The improvements following the Regenexx-SD procedure are highly statistically significant.

If you are considering a knee replacement, watch the video in the sidebar of this page and read about how stem cells stack up against knee replacements.

BioMed Research International;Volume 2014, Article ID 370621,.Centeno CJ.

Introduction. We investigated the use of autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) with and without an adipose graft, fortreatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. Treatment registry data for patients who underwent BMC procedures with andwithout an adipose graft were analyzed. Pre- and posttreatment outcomes of interest included the lower extremity functional scale(LEFS), the numerical pain scale (NPS), and a subjective percentage improvement rating. Multivariate analyses were performedto examine the effects of treatment type adjusting for potential confounding factors. The frequency and type of adverse events(AE) were also examined. Results. 840 procedures were performed, 616 without and 224 with adipose graft. The mean LEFS scoreincreased by 7.9 and 9.8 in the two groups (out of 80), respectively, and the mean NPS score decreased from 4 to 2.6 and from 4.3to 3 in the two groups, respectively. AE rates were 6% and 8.9% in the two groups, respectively. Although pre- and posttreatmentimprovements were statistically significant, the differences between the groups were not. Conclusion. BMC injections for knee OAshowed encouraging outcomes and a low rate of AEs. Addition of an adipose graft to the BMC did not provide a detectible benefitover BMC alone.

Two time Super Bowl Champ Jarvis Greens story. From a young boy struggling to get through a football practice, to a 2X Super Bowl Champion, Jarvis tells his story of pain and struggle following knee surgeries, and his return to form following a Regenexx Stem Cell Procedure.

If you are interested in learning whether you are a good candidate for the Regenexx Procedure, please complete the Regenexx Procedure Candidate Form below or call us at 888-525-3005.

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Knee Stem Cell Therapy - Surgery & Replacement Alternative

With the onset of Alzheimers disease, information transfer at the synapses (the connection between the nerve cells and extensions) starts to break down, and the number of synapses decreases significantly.

Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the patients immune system generates cellular and antibody responses to substances and tissues normally present in the body.

In each condition there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airways and out of the lungs, and the obstruction generally is permanent and may be progressive over time.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks the bodys own tissues, specifically the synovium, a thin membrane lining the joints. As a result, joint fluid builds up, causing pain in the joints and inflammation thats systemic.

Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive neurological disease that affects nerve cells (neurons) in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra.

Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, is the most common type of arthritis. It is caused by the degradation of a joints cartilage.

Multiple sclerosis (or MS) is a degenerative disease involving the deterioration of nerve cells. MS attacks the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.

Diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process food for use as energy. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it should.

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Stem Cell Therapy, Stem Cell Treatments, Stem Cell Clinics ...

Mr. Deven Patel President, CEO and Co-founder

Mr. Deven Patel is the President, CEO and Cofounder of GIOSTAR. He has also served as the CEO, President and Board of Directors in highly comprehensive environment of Healthcare Management, Architectural, General Construction, Alternative Energy and multifaceted Internet industries. Apart from serving as CEO and President, Mr. Patel has also served in a key positions of several public and private organizations such as Asian & Pacific American Coalition, Asian Outreach Committee Children Memorial Hospital San Diego, Federation of India Associations, National Federation of Indian American Association, CRY America, Global Organization of People of Indian Origin, Kelly Dean Citizens Awareness Circle, Phillip Redmond Foundation, Lockport Planning Commission.

During his early career, Mr. Patel was involved with the design and construction of several healthcare projects as an architect and a builder. He has also served as a partner for an assisted living and wellness center fostering care for senior citizens suffering from special conditions.

Dr. Anand Srivastava, M.S., Ph.D. Chairman, Cofounder and Chief Scientific Officer

Dr. Anand Srivastava has been associated with leading universities and research institutions of USA. In affiliation with University of California San Diego Medical College (UCSD), University of California Irvine Medical College (UCI), Salk Research Institute, San Diego, Burnham Institute For Medical Research, San Diego, University of California Los Angeles Medical College (UCLA), USA has developed several research collaborations and has an extensive research experience in the field of Embryonic Stem cell which is documented by several publications in revered scientific journals.

Dr. Anand Srivastava's success has its root in his unique background of expertise in Stem cell biology, protein biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, in utero transplantation of stem cell, tissue targeting, gene therapy and clinical research. There are many scientists who can work in a narrowly defined field but few have broad and multidisciplinary experience to carry out clinical research in a field as challenging as Stem cell biology, cancer and gene therapy field. Dr. Anand Srivastava's wide-spectrum expertise is rare in clinical research and perfectly crafted to fit ideally with the GIOSTAR projects for Stem cell transplant, cancer and gene therapy research.

Dr. Anand Srivastava's research work has been presented in various national and international scientific meetings and conferences in India, Japan, Germany and USA. His research articles have been published in peer reviewed medical scientific journals and he has been cited extensively by other scientists. Dr. Anand Srivastava's expertise and scientific achievements were recognized by many scientific fellowships and by two consecutive award of highly prestigious and internationally recognized, JISTEC award from Science and Technology Agency, Government of Japan. Also, his research presentation was awarded with the excellent presentation award in the "Meeting of Clinical Chemistry and Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. He has also expertise in genetic engineering research, developmental biology, immunology, making the transgenic animals and his extraordinary expertise of searching and characterizing the new genes are ideal for our ongoing projects of developing the effective treatments for many degenerative diseases, genetic diseases and cancer. Based on his extraordinary scientific achievements his biography has been included in "WHO IS WHO IN AMERICA" data bank two times, first in 2005 and second in 2010.

Dr. Anand Srivastava's Long Profile

Dr. Anand Srivastava has been associated with leading universities and research institutions of USA. In affiliation with University of California San Diego Medical College (UCSD), University of California Irvine Medical College (UCI), Salk Research Institute, San Diego, Burnham Institute For Medical Research, San Diego, University of California Los Angeles Medical College (UCLA), USA has developed several research collaborations and has an extensive research experience in the field of Embryonic Stem cell which is documented by several publications in revered scientific journals.

Dr. Srivastava is a Chairman and Cofounder of California based Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research (GIOSTAR) headquartered in San Diego, California, (U.S.A.). The company was formed with the vision to provide stem cell based therapy to aid those suffering from degenerative or genetic diseases around the world such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Autism, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Stroke, Spinal Cord Injuries, Paralysis, Blood Related Diseases, Cancer and Burns. GIOSTAR is a leader in developing most advance stem cell based technology, supported by leading scientists with the pioneering publications in the area of stem cell biology. Companys primary focus is to discover and develop a cure for human diseases with the state of the art unique stem cell based therapies and products. The Regenerative Medicine provides promise for treatments of diseases previously regarded as incurable.

Giostar is worlds leading Stem cell research company involved with stem cell research work for over a decade. It is headed by Dr Anand Srivastava, who is a world-renowned authority in the field of Stem cell biology, Cancer, Gene therapy. Several governments including USA, India, China, Turkey, Kuwait, Thailand and many others seek his advice and guidance on drafting their strategic & national policy formulations and program directions in the area of stem cell research, development and its regulations. Under his creative leadership a group of esteemed scientists and clinicians have developed and established Stem cell therapy for various types of Autoimmune diseases and blood disorders which are being offered to patients in USA and soon it will be offered on a regular clinical basis to the people around the globe. Giostar is already the official collaborator of Government of Gujarat, India by setting up a state of art stem cell treatment hospital in Surat civil hospital for the less fortunate tribal populace of the southern belt of Gujarat suffering from Sickle Cell Anemia. Several state Governments in India is looking for a collaborative efforts of GIOSTAR and Dr. Anand to develop stem cell transplant program in their respective states.

SUMMARY OF DR. SRIVASTAVAS WORK:

Dr. Anand Srivastavas success has its root in his unique background of expertise in Stem cell biology, protein biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, in utero transplantation of stem cell, tissue targeting, gene therapy and clinical research. There are many scientists who can work in a narrowly defined field but few have broad and multidisciplinary experience to carry out clinical research in a field as challenging as Stem cell biology, cancer and gene therapy field. Dr. Anand Srivastavas wide-spectrum expertise is rare in clinical research and perfectly crafted to fit ideally with the GIOSTAR projects for Stem cell transplant, cancer and gene therapy research.

Dr. Anand Srivastavas research work has been presented in various national and international scientific meetings and conferences in India, Japan, Germany and USA. His research articles have been published in peer reviewed medical scientific journals and he has been cited extensively by other scientists. Dr. Anand Srivastavas expertise and scientific achievements were recognized by many scientific fellowships and by two consecutive award of highly prestigious and internationally recognized, JISTEC award from Science and Technology Agency, Government of Japan. Also, his research presentation was awarded with the excellent presentation award in the Meeting of Clinical Chemistry and Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. He has also expertise in genetic engineering research, developmental biology, immunology, making the transgenic animals and his extraordinary expertise of searching and characterizing the new genes are ideal for our ongoing projects of developing the effective treatments for many degenerative diseases, genetic diseases and cancer. Based on his extraordinary scientific achievements his biography has been included in WHO IS WHO IN AMERICA data bank two times, first in 2005 and second in 2010.

POSITIONS HELD BY DR. SRIVASTAVA (1997 to Date):

1. Chairman & Cofounder (2008-till date): Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research, San Diego, CA. USA. 2. Associate Professor: Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA. 3. Visiting Senior Scientist: Department of Stem Cell Biology, Burnham Research Institute for Medical Science, San Diego, CA, USA. 4. Senior Scientist: Stem Cell Core Facility, The Salk Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. 5. Associate Professor: Department of Stem Cells and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA. 6. Assistant Professor: Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA 7. Honorary Visiting Professor: National Research Institute, Nansei, Mie, JAPAN.

SPECIAL STEM ISSUES OF JOURNALS DEVOTED TO DR. SRIVASTAVA

1. Current Topics of Medicinal Chemistry among top five medicinal chemistry journal devoted its special issue of stem cell to Dr. Srivastava in 2010. 2. Stem Cell International devoted its special issue on stem cells to Dr. Srivastava in 2012.

EXPERT SCIENTIFIC REVIEWER FOR LEADING JOURNALS OF MEDICINE:

Dr. Srivastava is the member of the several scientific review committees and reviewing the research grants. He has written several review articles and scientific manuscripts. He is also the reviewer and editor of several scientific journals.

1. Advances in Stem Cells 2. Current pharmaceutical Design 3. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 4. Stem Cells 5. Stem Cell International 6. Current in Cell Medicine 7. Journal of Stem Cell Research and Therapy 8. Conference Papers in Molecular Biology 9. Journal of Pharmaceutics 10. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 11. Open Journal of Organ Transplant Surgery 12. Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 13. Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications 14. Blood and Lymphatic Cancer: Targets and Therapy 15. Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease 16. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 17. Immuno Targets and Therapy 18. Current Vascular Pharmacology 19. Gastrointestinal Cancer: Targets and Therapy 20. Journal of Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences 21. The Application of Clinical Genetics 22. Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering 23. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 24. Current Tissue Engineering 25. Hepatic Medicine: Evidence and Research 26. Current Drug Discovery Technologies 27. Current Bioactive Compounds 28. Transplant Research and Risk Management 29. Biosimilars 30. Current Drug Delivery 31. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 32. Open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 33. Current Diabetes Reviews 34. Journal of Fertilization: In Vitro 35. Clinical and Translational Medicine

FELLOWSHIPS/ AWARDS:

2003 Awarded with NIMA (National Integrated Medical Association) Outstanding Scientist award from NIMA, India. 2003 Awarded with Excellent Scientist Award from Bharat Vikas Parisad, India for continuous excellent performance in the life science research. The 18th International Congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Kyoto Excellent Poster Award, Kyoto, Japan. 2002 Best Scientist Award for excellent contribution in the field of life science research from Kayastha Maha Sabha, Varanasi, India. 1998-2000: Long-term STA/JISTEC Award (Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center, JAPAN)- Fellowship award for two year from government of Japan. 1997-1998: Short-term STA/JISTEC Award (Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center, JAPAN)- Fellowship Award for three months from government of Japan (October 1997- January 1998). 1997-1998: Awarded with Research Associate-ship award from CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Government of India. 1990-1995: CAS (Center of Advanced Study) Award in Zoology. A doctoral research fellowship award from Government of India.

THE FOLLOWING SUMMARIZES DR. SRIVASTAVAS MAJOR SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS:

1. Dr. Srivastava developed the animal material free and serum free Human embryonic Stem cell culture condition to use the Human ES cells to treat the human diseases. 2. Dr. Srivastava for the first time showed that if the ES cell injected into developing fetuses in utero takes participation in development of all body of a living organism. 3. For the first time he showed that ES cell is better accepted by the transplanted animals in comparison to adult stem cells. 4. For the first time he showed the way to generate the high number of pre-erythrocytes using glucocorticoid hormone. Which may be use to treat several blood diseases. 5. For the first time Using ES cells he generated the high number of CD34+ expressing a kind of hematopoietic stem cell which can be used to treat several autoimmune diseases, immune reconstitution and blood diseases. 6. For the first time he showed the molecular mechanism behind the regulation of ES cell differentiation into hematopoietic cells. 7. For the first time he showed that ES cells automatically recognize the damage portion of the brain and can be used to repair the damage brain. 8. For the first time he showed that ES cell can be used to treat the Crohns disease a kind of colon cancer. 9. For the first time, he demonstrated that the mammalian fetuses can be programmed inside the mother uterus to face the challenges of the future possible infection. This finding is very important to develop the advanced therapy for any fatal disease such as cancer and AIDS. Utilizing these techniques, fetuses can be given information about all possible infections and the capability to counter those infections and disease. 10. He has demonstrated for the first time that it is easy to correct the genetic diseases in developing fetus in utero in comparison to adult animals. 11. He has shown for the first time that the lung cancer cells can be treated with the help of plant product curcumin and can be used as effective cancer therapeutic agent. He also demonstrated that how curcumin regulated the genes related to programmed death of cancerous cell. Finding help in development of non-toxic, less expensive, easily available drug for cancer. 12. The biggest problem in the treatment of cancer and other diseases is the non-specific distribution of medicine and toxic chemotherapeutic agents to healthy tissues. Dr. Srivastava for the first time developed a technique that can help in targeting the diseased tissues using the tissue receptor binding peptide ligands. These techniques can be used for targeted delivery of drugs and genes (in case of genetic disease) to the specific fetal tissues inside the mother uterus without harming the normal tissues of mother and fetus. 13. For the first time, He demonstrated the insertion of foreign pancreas enzyme specific gene promoter into the developing animals embryo and successfully shown the incorporation and regulation of pancreatic enzyme in the control of inserted gene. This is very important finding and proves that the defective genes can be replaced easily and effectively by the normal functional genes during the development of animals. This finding will help in the change of defective genes of insulin hormone, which is present in the pancreas of diabetic patients and many other genetic diseases also. 14. For the first time, He reported the gene sequence of all important pancreatic enzymes (three isoform of trypsinogen, two isoforms of chymotrypsinogen, four types of elastases, three forms of carboxypeptidases and lipase) and its evolutionary relationship with human. Also,he reported first time the regulation of digestion by these enzymes in the alimentary canal during digestion of proteins in the developing animals. 15. For the first time, He cloned and sequenced two types of human homologue of Vitamin D receptor gene from Japanese flounder, which is most important receptor, which help in the development of bone. Before my report, characters of this gene were not known in Japanese flounder. This finding helped in the understanding of the genetic evolution of mammals. 16. For the first time, he cloned and sequenced the homologue of human placental protein, PP11, and mouse T cell specific, Tcl-30, in pancreas of Japanese flounder, this study suggest that these genes evolved from the fish pancreas and in fish it helps in synthesizing the digestive enzymes but during the evolution its function got changed and work differently in the mammalian placenta. This was very important finding related to this rare gene. 17. For the first time, He has shown that the Hox and sonic hedgehog genes regulate the development of bones and respiratory organs. He also demonstrated that how these genes could be regulated artificially. This was very important finding because it gives the idea that how genes regulate the development of organs. 18. For the first time, He has purified and characterized the human homolog of AAT and ASPT enzymes, which is the basic clinical marker in all the infection and major marker of liver function test. 19. For the first time, he demonstrated the co-ordination of AAT and ASPT enzymes in the production of energy through the amino acids after aerobic respiration. 20. For the first time, he has shown that according to metabolic demand of the body AAT and ASPT genes synthesized additional forms of its isoform to cope up with the extra energy demand and work as an on and off switch.

DR. SRIVASTAVAS EXCELLENCE IN SEVERAL ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES:

Techniques related to Human Embryonic Stem Cell Human Embryonic Stem cell culture, Serum free and feeder free hES cell culture, in vitro differentiation of hES cells into neural cells, in vitro differentiation of hES into hematopoietic cells and red blood cells under the control of cytokines. Gene regulation studies using RT-PCR, Real time PCR, Northern blot, Southern blot and in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry during the differentiation, Cell cycle regulation studies during differentiation of hES cells into hematopoietic and neural cells. Use of siRNA for blocking a specific cell cycle. FACS analysis of differentiated cells and cell shorting. ES cell transfection.

In vivo studies with ES cells Created a mouse model for study the effect of ES cells on damaged brain. Injection of ES cells into mouse brain, tail vein injection, in vivo tracking of ES cell migration. Used the ES cells for repair of damaged brain. Gene and protein regulation during neural cell differentiation. Studies on transcription factors. Histochemical analysis of transplanted ES cells using fluorescent, confocal microscopy and deconvolution microscopy. Created a mouse model for Crohns disease. In vivo migration of ES cells into diseased portion of intestine. Studies on inflammatory cytokines during the repair of Crohns disease with ES cell. Gene regulation studies during this process. Elisa assays for the cytokines. Stem cell niche interaction.

Created in utero mouse model for ES cells transplantation. Used this model to make chimeric animals. Distribution and differentiation of ES cells into developing mouse embryo. FACS and magnetic shorting of ES cells derived CD31+, CD34+, CD45+ cells from the transplanted animal tissues. Gene and protein regulation of in vivo differentiating cells.

Created immunocompromised mouse model to study the effect of in vivo immune component on T7 phage virus. In vivo selection of tissue specific receptor binding peptide using in vivo biopanning method. Tissue targeted gene delivery to correct the blood related genetic diseases. Gene cloning, gene sequencing, synthesis of RNA probes. Protein and enzyme biochemistry Protein assay, peptide structure and amino acid sequencing, Enzyme assay, Ultra centrifugation, Ion exchange chromatography, column chromatography, HPLC, Protein and gene regulation during the development. Enzyme kinetics, Enzyme inhibition, SDS gel electrophoresis, Protein characterization.

Selection of cell receptor binding peptide and Phage display technology

- Selection of tissue receptor binding peptides using T7 phage display system. - In vivo and in vitro biopanning for selection of receptor binding peptides sequences. - Characterization of targeted cells and tissues using histochemistry and gene expression analyses. - In vivo delivery of drugs and genes to targeted tissues using microinjection.

Cancer Research

- Studying the role of pharmaceutical agent curcumin as an anti-lung cancer drug and develop it as a non-toxic cancer drug. - Role of apoptotic genes on the lung cancer cell lines. - Development of tissue targeted delivery protocol of pharmaceuticals agents for cancer and genetic diseases

Fluorescence techniques for nucleic acid sequence detection: Clinical and diagnostic applications

- Fluorescent labeling of DNA and RNA probes. - Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) protocols for DNA and RNA sequence. detection in real time (Sequence Detection System 7700, ABI, Perkin Elmer) - FRET protocols for monitoring ribozyme reactions and kinetics in real time (TaqMan, SDS 7700, ABI, Perkin Elmer). - Accessibility studies for DNA and RNA target sequences using FRET. - Fluorescence polarization protocols for monitoring ribozyme reactions (POLARstar, BMG, GmbH) and for DNA and RNA sequence detection. - Sequence detection with Syber green dye in real time quantitative PCR by Light Cycler (Roche Diagnostics, USA). - Single nucleotide polymorphism detection in real time with LightCycler hybridization probes (Roche Diagnostics, USA).

Gene detection technology: Research and Clinical applications

- Preparation of radio labeled & fluorescent labeled RNAs (ribozymes and target substrates). - In vitro transcription of RNA. - Expression of ribozymes in yeast. - Isolation and purification of cellular RNA. - RNase Protection Assay. - Kinetic characterization of ribozymes & binding kinetics using fluorescence methods. - Designing, synthesis and characterization of allosteric ribozymes induced by small drug ligands (such as theophylline & caffeine).

In utero transplantation: Clinical Research to cure the fetal genetic diseases

- Developed in utero microinjection techniques to transplant the bone marrow and stem cells to cure blood related genetic disease. - Harvest the fetal liver, bone marrow and mouse embryonic stem cells for transplantation. - Culture mouse embryonic stem cell and in vitro differentiation into the blood cells. - Fractionation of cells using flow cytometry techniques.

Standard Molecular biology techniques - Standard and site directed mutagenesis polymerase chain reaction (PCR). - Preparation and purification of plasmids. - Transformations and Transfection of DNA. - Cloning of DNA. - Solid phase synthesis of DNA (Gene Assembler, Pharmacia). - DNA sequencing & fragment analyses (ABI 310 Gene Sequencer, Perkin Elmer). - Quantitation of DNA, RNA and proteins. - Mammalian cell culture and yeast culture. - Gel electrophoresis (polyacrylamide and agarose). - Capillary gel electrophoresis (ABI 310 Gene Sequencer, Perkin Elmer). - Column/ gel/ thin layer chromatography. - Autoradiography by phosphorimager (Storm, Molecular Dynamics, USA). - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). - Preparation and purification of chemical reagents & solvents. - Enzyme/ Protein/ purification and characterization. - Isolation of Genomic DNA, Genomic library Construction. - Radioimmunoassay.

General molecular and biochemical techniques

mRNA preparation and purification, Primer designing, Real-time PCR, RT-PCR, DNA cloning, DNA sequencing, Isolation of Genomic DNA, Genomic library Construction, Transformation, Transfection, Cell culture, Plasmid purification, RNA probe making, Different kinds of microscopy, In situ hybridization, Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Western blotting, Spectrophotometery, In utero-microinjection, Column chromatography, HPLC, PAGE, Agarose gel-electrophoresis, Enzyme assay, Protein assay, Enzyme/ Protein/ DNA purification, Histology, Phage display for tissue targeting, Radio-immunoassay,

INVITED SPEAKER AND PRESENTATIONS OF DR. SRIVASTAVAS SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES:

1. Srivastava A.S. Invited Speaker, STEM 2013, 9 Th Annual Conference on Biotechnology - Focusing On Latest Trend in Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Mumbai, India, January 2013.

2. Srivastava A.S. "International Conference on Regenerative and Functional Medicine" (Regenerative Medicine-2012), San Antonio, USA. November 2012.

3. Sriavstava A.S. 2nd International Congress on Neurology & Epidemiology; "Impact of drugs on the natural history of neurological diseases". Nice, France. November 2012.

4. Srivastava A.S. Invited Speaker, International Expo and Conference on Analytrix & HPLC, Chicago, USA. October 2012.

5. Srivastava A.S. Invited Speaker at "International Conference on Emerging Cell Therapies" (Cell Therapy-2012) Chicago, USA. October 2012.

6. Srivastava A.S. Invited Speaker, 6th Neurodegenerative Conditions Research and Development Conference San Francisco, CA, USA. September 2012.

7. Srivastava A.S. 8th International Congress on Mental Dysfunction & Other Non-Motor Features In Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Berlin, Germany. May 2012.

8. Srivastava A.S. International Conference and Exhibition on Neurology & Therapeutics Las Vegas, USA. May 2012.

9. Srivastava A.S. Montreal International Biotechnology Forum, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. May 2012.

10. Srivastava A.S. Invited Speaker, International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) V and 9th Global College Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration (GCNN) conference with the 4th International Spinal Cord Injury Treatment & Trial Symposium (ISCITT) Xian City, China. May 2012.

11. Srivastava A.S. International Forum on the Mediterranean Diet, Ravello - Amalfi Coast, Italy. March 2012

12. Srivastava A.S. Hong Kong international Stem Cell Forum 2012, Hong Kong. February 2012.

13. Srivastava A.S. 4th International Conference on Drug Discovery and Therapy" (4th ICDDT 2012) Dubai, UAE, February 2012.

14. Srivastava A.S. Evolving Strategies in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation- San Diego, USA. February 2012.

15. Srivastava A.S. Hebei International Biotechnology Forum; Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China. November 2011

16. Srivastava A.S. 3rd International Conference on Drug Discovery and Therapy. Regenerative Medicine. Dubai, UAE. February 2011.

17. Srivastava A.S. 3rd Annual Congress of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell-2010, Shanghai, China. December 2010.

18. Srivastava A.S. 1st Annual Tetra-Congress of MolMed-Personal Medicine Congress 2010, Shanghai, China. November 2010.

19. Srivastava A.S. International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR), American Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Beijing, China. October 2010.

20. Srivastava A.S. EPS Global International Neuroscience Forum. Nha Trang, Vietnam. October 2010.

21. Srivastava A.S. EPS Global International Neuroscience Forum, Guangzhou, China. September 2010.

22. Srivastava A.S. 4th Academic Congress of International Chinese Neurosurgical Sciences. Chengdu, China. June 2010.

23. Srivastava A.S. 1st Annual World Congress of Immunodiseases and Therapy (WCIT 2010). Beijing, China. May 2010.

24. Srivastava A.S. 3rd PepCon-2010 - Protein Misfolding and Neurodegeneration. Beijing, China. March 2010

25. Srivastava A.S. Potential use of ES cells in hematopoietic and neural diseases. City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA. January, 2009.

26. Srivastava A.S. Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem cell into erythrocyte and neural precursor cells: Its potential application. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, December, 2008.

27. Srivastava A.S. Potential of ES cell in repair of Hematopoietic and neural diseases. International Conference in Stem cell, Kerala, India, August, 2008.

28. Srivastava A. S., Singh U. and Carrier E. Embryonic stem cell improve colitis and decrease IL- 12 levels in the colitis mice. BMRP Fourth Annual Investigator Meeting, Los Angeles, USA. 2006

29. Carrier E., Shermila Kausal and Srivastava A. S. Gene Regulation During the Erythrocytic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Blood (ASH Meeting), 2005.

30. Carrier E., Shermila Kausal and Srivastava A. S. Differentiation of Human ES cell into the Hemangioblast. Blood (AHS Meeting), 2005.

31. Srivastava A.S., Zhongling F., Victor A., Kim H.S. and Carrier E. Repair of Crohns disease with embryonic stem cells. Broad Medical Research Program, Third Annual Investigator Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2005.

32. Srivastava A.S., Shenouda S. and Carrier E. Damaged murine brain induces ES cells into migration and proliferation. Blood:104, 779a, 2004.

33. Srivastava A.S., Shenouda S. and Carrier E. Increased expression of OCT4,SOX2 and FGF4 genes following injection of embryonic stem cell into damaged murine brain. American Society of Gene Therapy, 2004.

34. Srivastava A.S. and Carrier E.; Distribution and stability of T7 phage in mouse blood and tissues. Molecular Therapy:7, 230, 2003.

35. Moustafa M., Srivastava A.S., Nedelcu E., Minev B., Carrier E.; Chimerism and tolerance post in utero transplantation with ontogenically different sources of stem cells. 32nd annual meeting of the international society for Experimental Hematology, 31, 274, 2003 (Paris, France).

36. Steve S., Srivastava A.S. Carrier E.; In vivo survival of hematopoietic stem cell in mouse brain.11th international symposium on recent advances in Stem cell transplantation, 89-90, 2003 (San Diego, USA).

37. Srivastava A.S., Carrier E.; Distribution and stability of T7 phage in mouse. 11th international symposium on recent advances in Stem cell transplantation, 93, 2003 (San Diego, USA).

38. Elena N., Srivastava A.S., Varki N.M., Assatourian G. and E. Carrier; Embryonic stem cells survive and proliferate after intraperitoneal In utero transplantation and produce teratocarcinomas. Blood:160b, 2002.

39. Srivastava A.S and E. Carrier; In utero targeting the fetal liver by using T7 phage display system. Blood:489b, 2002.

40. Srivastava A.S. and E. Carrier; Factor responsible for in vivo neutralization of T7 phage display vector in the blood of mice. Blood:489b, 2002.

41. Srivastava A.S. and E. Carrier; Distribution and stability of T7 phage in the mouse after intravenous administration. ICCC, Kyoto, Japan. (October 2002).

42. Srivastava A.S., T. Kaido and E. Carrier; Immunological factors that affect the in vivo fate of T7 phage in the mouse. Molecular Therapy:5, 713, 2002.

43. Srivastava A.S., E. Nedelcu and E. Carrier; Engraftment of murine embryonic stem cells after in utero transplantation. Molecular Therapy:5, 1132, 2003.

44. M. Rizzi, T. Kaido, M.Gerloni, K.Schuler, A. S. Srivastava, E.Carrier and M. Zanetti; Neonatal T cell immunity by in utero immunization. AAI 2002 annual meeting, April 20 - 24, New Orleans, Experimental Biology 2002 sponsored by 7 FASEB societies.

45. Srivastava A.S., T. Kaido and E. Carrier; Kinetics of T7 phage neutralization in the blood of normal and immunodeficient mice. Blood:407, 2001.

46. Hassan S., Jody D., Srivastava A.S., T.H. Lee, M.P. Busch, Carrier E.; Immunity without microchimerism after in utero transplantation of Hematopoietic stem cell. Blood:320, 2001.

47. Srivastava A.S., Felix Tinkov, T. Friedmann and E. Carrier; Detection of T7 phage in the fetus after Systemic administration to pregnant mice. Molecular Therapy:4, 760, 2001.

48. Pillai G.R., Srivastava A.S., Hassan S., Carrier E. Differential sensitivity of human lung cancer cell lines to curcumin. 9th Annual International Symposium on Recent Advances in Hematopoietic Stem cell Transplantation. USA. 2001.

49. Hassan S., Jody D., Srivastava A.S., Carrier E.; The role of I-E molecule on survival rate and tolerance after in utero transplantation. The 42 ASH meeting, San Francisco, USA. 2000.

50. Suzuki T., Srivastava A.S., Kurokawa T.; Identification of cDNA encoding two subtypes of vitamin D receptor in flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Meeting of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, April 2 - 4, 2000, Tokyo, JAPAN.

51. Srivastava A.S., Suzuki T., Kurokawa T., Kamimoto M., Nakatsuji T.; GFP expression in pancreas of developing fish embryo under control of Carboxypeptidase A promoter. Plant and Animal Genome-VIII (PAG-VIII), Conference, San Diego, California, USA. January 9th to 12th, 2000.

52. Srivastava A.S., Suzuki T., Kurokawa T.; Molecular cloning of serine protease cDNAs from pancreas of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Meeting of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, Tokyo, JAPAN. 1999.

53. Suzuki T., Srivastava A.S., Kurokawa T.; Cloning of FGFRs from Flounder embryos, and their expression during axial skeletal development. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Developmental Biologists. JAPAN. 1999.

54. Suzuki T., Srivastava A.S., Kurokawa T.; Expression of Signal molecules during axial skeleton development in Japanese flounder. Meeting of the Japanese Society of Zoological Science. JAPAN. 1999.

55. Suzuki N., Suzuki T., Srivastava A.S., Kurokawa T.; cDNA cloning and expression analysis of receptor for calcitonin and calcitonin related peptide from Japanese flounder. Meeting of the Japanese Society of Zoological Science. JAPAN. 1999.

56. Srivastava A.S., Trigun S.K., Singh S.N.; Purification and kinetics of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase from liver of air-breathing and non air-breathing fish. National Symposium on Comparative Physiology & Endocrinology, Raipur, INDIA. 1997.

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Stem Cell Treatment & Cure in India | GIOSTAR

Australia - New Zealand - Asia & Pacific Rim - China - Italy

The Foundation is a privately funded philanthropic (non profit) organization advising un-well people about how to gain access to Adult Stem Cell Therapy (ASCT). The Foundation is also promoting a plan to its members on how to prevent or limit the progression of degenerative diseases and other conditions. Degenerative disease is an escalating world problem that, if not controlled, could bankrupt our health systems.

A major objective of the Foundation is to highlight that people suffering from degenerative conditions now have the option of considering Adult Stem Cell Therapy. This therapy may improve quality of life for sufferers of Arthritis, MS, Parkinsons, Diabetes, Stroke, Alzheimers, Spinal Cord injuries, Cancer or Chronic Pain to name a few. A stem cell transplant, instead of a joint replacement, is fast becoming the preferred first option for orthopedic surgeons.

The Foundation intends to educate parents/carers of children suffering from a debilitating or degenerative condition like Cerebral Palsy, Muscular Dystrophy, Autism, Spinal injuries, Cystic fibrosis, ADHD etc. Stem cell treatments have progressed in leaps and bounds for these conditions. There are now state of the art clinics that specialize in treating the afore-mentioned conditions. Children can usually benefit substantially from an early intervention by stem cell therapies and other protocols because they are still growing. As an example: spending time in a mild hyperbaric chamber (HBO) can also be beneficial. Just fill out the Application Form for an experimental transplant and we will be only too happy to advise.

The ASCF has become a global Information Centre for stem cell therapy. The centre will only support clinics that have demonstrated they abide by the highest medical standards and have a proven track record of administering these types of therapies, in Australia and overseas. We can now advise locally which gives peace of mind to our members who are contemplating a procedure of this nature.

Creating awareness of the availability of stem cell therapy and that it has become viable for consideration.

To raise money from benefactors, including private and commercial sponsorships.

To provide medical and research reports on degenerative disease to doctors and health professionals.

To run awareness programs on Lifestyle Medicine promoting healthy foods that may prevent the onset of degenerative diseases. This includes stem cell stimulating natural products that are backed by science.

To provide information to schools on healthy diet and lifestyle plans. To provide scholarships and fellowships for the study of degenerative diseases and their treatment.

To support Adult Stem Cell research by leading Universities and Not For Profit organizations.

To open representative offices in other countries. Such offices are already established in Thailand, NZ, South Africa, India, UK and France

It is a free service giving doctors in full security and full control the ability to record and share patient stem cell data with other doctors. The following is an overview of the Registrys main features:

Australasian Stem Cell Registry Overview - Read more >>>

The ASCF has also introduced a new funding model for stem cell transplants - this new financing model is funded by the patients and their supporters.

The Foundation receives no government funding so we exist on the generosity of our members, the public and corporations. We hope if we can help improve your health outcomes that you may see your way clear at some future time to consider assisting with either your time or money to this worthwhile cause.

We would also like to point out that there are medical conditions today that are still beyond the scope of this new and exciting branch of medical science, which unfortunately means not everybody can be treated with stem cells at this stage. If you are in this category, it is even more important you follow the ASCF Prevention Plan (see below) and keep your health in the best possible state while science catches up. Science is moving very fast in the area of Regenerative Medicine.

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Stem cell - ADULT STEM CELL THERAPY IS AVAILABLE NOW!

Home Stem Cell Therapy | Cellular Prolotherapy

Ross Hauser, MD

Ross Hauser, MD: the use of Stem Cell Therapy in the treatment of joint and spine degeneration.

Stem cell therapy is exploding in the medical field, and for good reason. Stem cells have the potential to regenerate into any type of body tissue. The amazing thing about stem cells is that when you inject them into the body, they know what kinds of cells your body needs for example, meniscus cells or cartilage cells. It is a very exciting time for medicine, especially in the field of regenerative medicine. In our office we often refer to this as Cellular Prolotherapy.

In Stem Cell Therapy we use a persons own healing cells from bone marrow, fat, and blood (alone or in various combinations) and inject them straight to the area which has a cellular deficiency.

The goal is the same: to stimulate the repair of injured tissues. Stem cells aid in fibroblastic proliferation where cell growth, proteosynthesis, reparation, the remodeling of tissues, and chondrocyte proliferation occurs. Our bone marrow contains stem cells,also termed mesenchymal stem cells and progenitor cells, among other names. These immature cells have the ability to become tissues like cartilage, bone, and ligaments.

Consequently, researchers and clinicians are focusing on alternative methods for cartilage preservation and repair. Recently,cell-basedtherapyhas become a key focus of tissue engineering research to achieve functional replacement of articular cartilage.1

Not all injuries require stem cells to heal. For many patients the success rate with traditionalProlotherapyin this office is in the 90%+ range for all patients. However, for those cases of advanced arthritis, meniscus tears, labral tears, bone-on-bone, or aggressive injuries, our Prolotherapy practitioners may choose to use stem cell injections to enhance the healing, in combination with dextrose Prolotherapy to strengthen and stabilize the surrounding support structures formeniscus repair.

In our research published inThe Open Stem Cell Journal,Rationale for Using Direct Bone Marrow Aspirate as a Proliferant for Regenerative Injection Therapy(Prolotherapy). We not only showed the benefit of bone marrow derived stem cells as a Prolotherapy proliferant solution, but also that this exciting field of medicine needs doctors and scientisists working together to expand research and technique guidelines.

Typically the tissue that we are trying to stimulate to repair with Stem Cell Therapy or Cellular Prolotherapy is articular cartilage, but we can also proliferate soft tissues structures such as ligament and tendons. This is new technology so we are studying it as we use it to treat patients.

We chose to review this study to support our research and to inform people about the human studies usingbone marrow stem cellsfor articular cartilage lesions. Articular cartilage is a type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces and is most susceptible to injury compared to other types of cartilage.

Researchers at Cairo University School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine reported on the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and aplatelet-richfibrin scaffold to heal full-thickness cartilage defects in five patients. The researchers studied the treatment results from the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells which were used in a platelet rich fibrin glue, placed on the tear and covered with a flap of the patients cartilage.

Platelets were used as a scaffold because platelets contain various growth factors that stimulate cartilage regeneration. The researchers expected that the biological effect of multiplegrowth factorson tissue regeneration is greater that of a single growth factor.

Results

The patients showed significant functional improvement. Two of the patients underwent arthroscopy after the transplantation and showed near normal articular cartilage. Three postoperative MRIs revealed complete healing and congruent cartilage tissue, whereas two patient MRIs showed incomplete congruity in the cartilage tissue.

Conclusion

Osteoarthritis is a cartilage degenerative processNo treatment is still available to improve or reverse the process. Stem cell therapy opened new horizons for treatment of many incurable diseasesIn this research four patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected for the study. They were aged 55, 57, 65 and 54 years, and had moderate to severe knee Osteoarthritis. After their signed written consent, 30 mL of bone marrow were taken and cultured for MSC growth. After having enough MSCs in culture (4-5 weeks) and taking in consideration all safety measures, cells were injected in one knee of each patient.

The walking time for the pain to appear improved for three patients and remained unchanged for one. On physical examination, the improvement was mainly for crepitus. It was minor for the improvement of the range of motion.

Results were encouraging, but not excellent. Improvement of the technique may improve the results.4

Platelet Rich Plasma contains a myriad of substances that stimulate healing:

Numerous studies have shown that PRP enhances the effects of Stem Cell Therapy5,6As the study above notes Results were encouraging, but not excellent. Improvement of the technique may improve the results. Platelet Rich Plasma therapy improves the technique and improves the results.

Our ultimate goal withallforms of Prolotherapy is to get the patients back to doing the things that they want to do without pain. It is our hope that the Stem Cell Therapy (Cellular Prolotherapy) treatments will form functionally, structurally, and mechanically equal to, if not better than, living tissue which has been designed to replace (or work alongside of) damaged tissue. It is hard to prove the above statement because we cannot sacrifice human beingsafterProlotherapy to see if the tissue looks and acts normally. Wecan, however, report that the majority of our patients who receive Stem Cell Therapy along with traditional Hackett-Hemwall Prolotherapy get back to activities and have dramatically decreased pain levels using this comprehensive approach.

Links to our other articles for your specific conditions

A page with more information on stem cell injection treatments combined with Prolotherapy and PRP Treatments for back pain.

In this article wediscusses research that showsthatstem cell injection therapywill aid in the repair ofarticular cartilageandmeniscus tears. The treatment relieves symptoms of stiffness,pain, disability, and inability to walk as commonly reported by our patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis.

Many patients have many questions about stem cell tretament for knee osteoarthritis, lets hear yours.

References for this article

1.Mazor M, Lespessailles E, Coursier R, et al.Mesenchymal stem-cell potential in cartilage repair: an update. J Cell Mol Med. 2014 Oct 29. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12378. 2. Diekman BO, Guilak F.Stem cell-based therapies for osteoarthritis: challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2013 Jan;25(1):119-26. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835aa28d. 3. Hauser RA, Orlofsky A.Regenerative injection therapy with whole bone marrow aspirate for degenerative joint disease: a case series.Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Sep 4;6:65-72. doi: 10.4137/CMAMD.S10951. eCollection 2013. 4. Davatchi F, Abdollahi BS, Mohyeddin M, Shahram F, Nikbin B. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for knee osteoarthritis. Preliminary report of four patients. Int J Rheum Dis. 2011 May;14(2):211-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2011.01599.x. Epub 2011 5. Mishra A, Tummala P, King A, Lee B, Kraus M, Tse V, Jacobs CR. Buffered platelet-rich plasma enhances mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. 2009 Sep;15(3):431-5. 6. Kasten P, Vogel J, Beyen I, Weiss S, Niemeyer P, Leo A, Lginbuhl R. Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on distinct calcium phosphate scaffolds: the specific surface area makes a difference. J Biomater Appl. 2008 Sep;23(2):169-88. Epub 2008 Jul 16.

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Stem Cell Therapy | Cellular Prolotherapy | Caring Medical

Regenerative medicine is an emerging branch of medicine with the goal of restoring organ and/or tissue function for patients with serious injuries or chronic disease in which the bodies own responses are not sufficient enough to restore functional tissue. A growing crisis in organ transplantation and an aging population have driven a search for new and alternative therapies. There are approximately 90,000 patients in the US transplant-waiting list. In addition there are a wide array of major unmet medical needs which might be addressed by regenerative technologies.

New and current Regenerative Medicines can use stem cells to create living and functional tissues to regenerate and repair tissue and organs in the body that are damaged due to age, disease and congenital defects. Stem cells have the power to go to these damaged areas and regenerate new cells and tissues by performing a repair and a renewal process, restoring functionality. Regenerative medicine has the potential to provide a cure to failing or impaired tissues.

While some believe the therapeutic potential of stem cells has been overstated, an analysis of the potential benefits of stem cells based therapies indicates that 128 million people in the United States alone may benefit with the largest impact on patients with Cardiovascular disorders (5.5 million), autoimmune disorders (35 million) and diabetes (16 million US patients and more than 217 million worldwide): US patients with other disorders likely to benefit include osteoporosis (10 million), severe burns (0.3 million),spinal cord injuries (0.25 million).

Source: M.E. Furph, Principles of Regenerative Medicine (2008)

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What is Stem Cell Therapy? - American Academy of Anti ...

Updated December 29, 2014.

Written or reviewed by a board-certified physician. See About.com's Medical Review Board.

Stem cells are cells found in bone marrow and other organs.

They can develop into any type of tissue that exists in the fully developed body, including any kind of blood cell: red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

Because of their unique, regenerative properties, stem cells offer new hope for a variety of diseases, including diabetes mellitis, stroke, osteoporosis, heart disease and, more recently, COPD. Scientists are interested in using stem cells to repair damaged cells and tissues in the body because they are far less likely than to be rejected than foreign cells that originated from another source.

There are two types of stem cells that doctors work with most in both humans and animals: Embryonic stem cells are derived from a blastocyst, a type of cell found in mammalian embryos and adults stem cells which are derived from the umbilical cord, placenta or from blood, bone marrow, skin, and other tissues.

Embryonic stem cells have the capacity to develop into every type of tissue found in an adult. Embryonic stem cells used for research develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro (in a laboratory).

After they are extracted from the embryo, the cells are grown in cell culture, an artificial medium used for medical research. It is atop this medium where they then divide and multiply.

Adult stem cells have been found in many organs and tissues of the body, but, once removed from the body, they have a difficult time dividing, which makes generating large quantities of them quite challenging. Currently, scientists are trying to find better ways to grow adult stem cells in cell culture and to manipulate them into specific types of cells that have the ability to treat injury and disease.

There is much controversy going on in the world of stem cell therapy and COPD. Why? While autologous stem cell treatment without manipulation is legal in the United States, without manipulation, treatments are not likely to be clinically relevant. For stem cell treatments to be clinically relevant, millions of stem cells need to be implanted into a designated recipient. Because generating millions of stem cells is difficult once they are removed from the body, scientists must manipulate them somehow to produce larger quantities. The FDA says that manipulation turns them into prescription drugs, and that this practice must therefore be tightly regulated. Stem cell advocates don't agree with the FDA's stand on this, and are currently fighting to get this changed.

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The Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Therapy for COPD

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Phoenix Stem Cell Treatment Center uses adipose derived stem cells for deployment & clinical research. Early stem cell research has traditionally been associated with the controversial use of embryonic stem cells. The new focus is on non-embryonic adult mesenchymal stem cells which are found in a persons own blood, bone marrow, and fat. Most stem cell treatment centers in the world are currently using stem cells derived from bone marrow.

A recent technological breakthrough enables us to now use adipose (fat) derived stem cells. Autologous stem cells from a persons own fat are easy to harvest safely under local anesthesia and are abundant in quantities up to 2500 times those seen in bone marrow.

Clinical success and favorable outcomes appear to be related directly to the quantity of stem cells deployed. Once these adipose derived stem cells are administered back in to the patient, they have the potential to repair human tissue by forming new cells of mesenchymal origin, such as cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, nerve, fat, muscle, blood vessels, and certain internal organs. Stem cells ability to form cartilage and bone makes them potentially highly effective in the treatment of degenerative orthopedic conditions. Their ability to form new blood vessels and smooth muscle makes them potentially very useful in the treatment of peyronies disease and impotence. Stem cells are used extensively in Europe and Asia to treat these conditions.

We have anecdotal and experimental evidence that stem cell therapy is effective in healing and regeneration. Stem cells seek out damaged tissues in order to repair the body naturally. The literature and internet is full of successful testimonials but we are still awaiting definitive studies demonstrating efficacy of stem cell therapy. Such data may take five or ten years to accumulate. At the Phoenix Stem Cell Treatment Center we are committed to gathering those data by conducting sound and effective clinical research. In an effort to provide relief for patients suffering from certain degenerative diseases that have been resistant to common modalities of treatment, we are initiating pilot studies as experimental tests of treatment effectiveness with very high numbers of adipose derived stem cells obtained from fat. Adipose fat is an abundant and reliable source of stem cells.

Phoenix Stem Cell Treatment Centers cell harvesting and isolation techniques are based on technology from Korea. This new technological breakthrough allows patients to safely receive their own autologous stem cells in extremely large quantities. Our treatments and research are patient funded and we have endeavored successfully to make it affordable. All of our sterile procedures are non-invasive and done under local anesthesia. Patients who are looking for non-surgical alternatives to their degenerative disorders can participate in our trials by filling out our treatment application to determine if they are candidates. Phoenix Stem Cell Treatment Center is proud to be state of the art in the new field of Regenerative Medicine.RETURN TO TOP

We are currently in the process of setting up FDA approved protocols for stem cell banking in collaboration with a reputable cryo-technology company. This enables a person to receive autologous stem cells at any time in the future without having to undergo liposuction which may be inconvenient or contraindicated. Having your own stem cells available for medical immediate use is a valuable medical asset.

Provisions are nearly in place for this option and storage of your own stem cells obtained by liposuction at PSCTC or from fat obtained from cosmetic procedures performed elsewhere should be possible in the near future.RETURN TO TOP

Adult (NonEmbryonic) Mesenchymal Stem Cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to replace dying cells and regenerate damaged tissue. These special cells seek out areas of injury, disease and destruction where they are capable of regenerating healthy cells and enabling a persons natural healing processes to be accelerated. As we gain a deeper understanding of their medical function and apply this knowledge, we are realizing their enormous therapeutic potential to help the body heal itself. Adult stem cells have been used for a variety of medical treatments to repair and regenerate acute and chronicially damaged tissues in humans and animals. The use of stem cells is not FDA approved for the treatment of any specific disease in the United States at this time and their use is therefore investigational. Many reputable international centers have been using stem cell therapy to treat various chronic degenerative conditions as diverse as severe neurologic diseases, renal failure, erectile dysfunction, degenerative orthopedic problems, and even cardiac and pulmonary diseases to name a few. Adult stem cells appear to be particularly effective at repairing cartilage in degenerated joints.RETURN TO TOP

Regenerative Medicine is the process of creating living, functional tissues to repair or replace tissue or organ function lost due to damage, or congenital defects. This field holds the promise of regenerating damaged tissues and organs in the body by stimulating previously irreparable organs to heal themselves. (Wikipedia)RETURN TO TOP

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What Is A Stem Cell, Stem Cell Questions, How Do Stem ...

Our Cell Therapy Center offers advanced patented methods of stem cell treatment for different diseases and conditions. The fetal stem cells we use are pluripotent non-specialized cells able to differentiate (turn) into other cell types. Fetal stem cells have the highest potential for differentiation and proliferation and are not rejected by the recipients body more...

Stem cell therapy has proven to be effective for tissue restoration, and integrated care for the incurable and obstinate diseases. We treat patients with various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, joint and autoimmune diseases, etc. We also offer innovative anti-aging programs. Stem cell treatment allows for achieving effects that are far beyond the capacity of any other modern method more...

For over 21 years, we have performed more than 8,500 transplantations of fetal stem cells to people from many countries, such as the USA, China, Italy, Germany, Denmark, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, etc. Our stem cell treatments helped to prolong life and improve life quality to thousands of patients including those suffering from the incurable diseases who lost any hope for recovery.

With Cell Therapy Center EmCell located in Kiev, Ukraine, we have numerous partners in various countries devoted to provide medical advice on EmCell stem cell treatment locally.

We are always open for medical, businessandscientificcooperation.

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Stem Cell Therapy & Stem Cell Treatment - Cell Therapy ...

Our Clinic Our clinic has been certified by the COFEPRIS, which is Mexico's regulatory health organization and performs the same functions as the FDA in the United States.

We have received countless testimonials from very satisfied patients, and if you're traveling to Mexico from the U.S. to receive treatments, we will provide you with a personal assistant who will translate from Spanish to English, give you medical passes that you can use to cross the border swiftly, transport you to and from the airport and help you find our office and your hotel in Tijuana.

http://progencell.com. ProgenCell offers an alternative stem cell treatment that is safe and effective. ProgenCell is able to use adult stem cells obtained from your own bone marrow and transfer the stem cells to a different part of your body through an IV (similar to blood transfusion). This stem cell therapy treatment can help relieve pain and even cure diseases. Learn how stem cells can help you today.

Get Started

If you would like to schedule an appointment, you can fill out the form on our website, and our representatives will contact you within 24 hours.

Additionally, if you have any questions or need immediate assistance, call our office at 1-888-443-6235. At ProgenCell we specialize in the treatment of different conditions including the following:

Stem Cell Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis This autoimmune disease causes inflammation in the body's tissues and organs. The condition can be present for more than five years before the patient recognizes any symptoms, and usually, rheumatoid arthritis affects the joints first. Stem cell therapy may help this condition. Over time, this type of arthritis can disfigure the joints and prevent them from functioning properly.

By injecting stem cells into areas of the body that have been damaged by the condition, the healthy cells will regenerate the old, weakened tissues, and as the new cells divide, their positive effects will increase.

Stem Cell Therapy for Systemic Lupus The immune system of an individual with systemic lupus will attack the person's own cells, and usually, the disease primarily affects the heart, the lungs and the kidneys.

Physicians treat the condition by prescribing medications that suppress the activity of the immune system, such as corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Stem cell therapy may help this condition.

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Source: Research by Tim Friend and Dan Vergano, USA TODAY By Frank Pompa and Julie Snider, USA TODAY

Although the general public considers stem cell therapy an innovative, cutting-edge treatment, the fact is that this kind of therapy already has a lengthy history. In the past, however, stem cells were difficult and very expensive to obtain. Luckily, the advent of improved equipment and techniques has meant that stem cells can now be acquired through a simple procedure.

Stem cells can be characterized as the bodys repairmen. The most common type is the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC-CD 34+). The old thinking was that the hematopoietic stem cells were not that important. We now know that these are the cells that are the true drivers of tissue regeneration. The good news about these cells is that their numbers do not diminish with age. The other type of stem cell associated with tissue healing is the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), which usually travels to injured areas of the body via the bloodstream. The mesenchymal stem cell is still a very important stem cell but not as important as it once was. It prepares the area for the other stem cells to do their work.

If the area in question has an insufficient blood supply, this is termed an area of hypoxia, otherwise known as low oxygen content. Hypoxia areas can include the rotator cuff, the joints, meniscus tissue, and other spots with tendon injuries. Typically, these areas are unable to heal properly without help, as the body does not send enough repair cells to the afflicted areas. The inadequate supply of blood in these areas means that the body fails to sense the injury. Fortunately, we are generally able to treat the area, if the injury isnt severe, with platelet-rich plasma. This works by effectively mimicking a blood supply, allowing the platelets to sense the injury and release growth factors, which then prompt the body to send various stem cells to the area.

Stem cells are gathered by aspirating (removing through suction) bone marrow from the back of a patients pelvis. This bloody substance is removed from the patients pelvis with a tiny needle. Since the patient is given a local anesthetic, only minimal discomfort results from the procedure.

In most cases, 2 oz. (60 cc) of bone marrow aspirate is required. The aspirate includes platelets, mesenchymal stem cells, and other kinds of stem cells used in adult stem cell therapy. After aspiration, the bone marrow is placed inside a special container, which in turn is placed into a machine known as a centrifuge. The centrifuge spins the material at a high rate of speed, and this process separates the platelets and stem cells from the remainder of the blood products. It is this concentration of bone marrowcalled BMAC, or bone marrow aspiration concentratethat is reintroduced to the injured area during stem cell therapy.

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Stem Cell Therapy | South Florida Orthopedic Surgery

Stem cell facts Stem cells are primitive cells that have the potential to differentiate, or develop into, a variety of specific cell types. There are different types of stem cells based upon their origin and ability to differentiate. Bone marrow transplantation is an example of a stem cell therapy that is in widespread use. Research is underway to determine whether stem cell therapy may be useful in treating a wide variety of conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. What are stem cells?

Stem cells are cells that have the potential to develop into many different or specialized cell types. Stem cells can be thought of as primitive, "unspecialized" cells that are able to divide and become specialized cells of the body such as liver cells, muscle cells, blood cells, and other cells with specific functions. Stem cells are referred to as "undifferentiated" cells because they have not yet committed to a developmental path that will form a specific tissue or organ. The process of changing into a specific cell type is known as differentiation. In some areas of the body, stem cells divide regularly to renew and repair the existing tissue. The bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract are examples areas in which stem cells function to renew and repair tissue.

The best and most readily understood example of a stem cell in humans is that of the fertilized egg, or zygote. A zygote is a single cell that is formed by the union of a sperm and ovum. The sperm and the ovum each carry half of the genetic material required to form a new individual. Once that single cell or zygote starts dividing, it is known as an embryo. One cell becomes two, two become four, four become eight, eight to sixteen, and so on; doubling rapidly until it ultimately creates the entire sophisticated organism. That organism, a person, is an immensely complicated structure consisting of many, many, billions of cells with functions as diverse as those of your eyes, your heart, your immune system, the color of your skin, your brain, etc. All of the specialized cells that make up these body systems are descendants of the original zygote, a stem cell with the potential to ultimately develop into all kinds of body cells. The cells of a zygote are totipotent, meaning that they have the capacity to develop into any type of cell in the body.

The process by which stem cells commit to become differentiated, or specialized, cells is complex and involves the regulation of gene expression. Research is ongoing to further understand the molecular events and controls necessary for stem cells to become specialized cell types.

Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 1/23/2014

Stem Cells - Experience Question: Please describe your experience with stem cells.

Stem Cells - Umbilical Cord Question: Have you had your child's umbilical cord blood banked? Please share your experience.

Stem Cells - Available Therapies Question: Did you or someone you know have stem cell therapy? Please discuss your experience.

Medical Author:

Melissa Conrad Stppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.

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Stem Cells: Get Facts on Uses, Types, and Therapies

1. Introduction

Neuromuscular disease is a very broad term that encompasses many diseases and aliments that either directly, via intrinsic muscle pathology, or indirectly, via nerve pathology, impair the functioning of the muscles. Neuromuscular diseases affect the muscles and/or their nervous control and lead to problems with movement. Many are genetic; sometimes, an immune system disorder can cause them. As they have no cure, the aim of clinical treatment is to improve symptoms, increase mobility and lengthen life. Some of them affect the anterior horn cell, and are classified as acquired (e.g. poliomyelitis) and hereditary (e.g. spinal muscular atrophy) diseases. SMA is a genetic disease that attacks nerve cells, called motor neurons, in the spinal cord. As a consequence of the lost of the neurons, muscles weakness becomes to be evident, affecting walking, crawling, breathing, swallowing and head and neck control. Neuropathies affect the peripheral nerve and are divided into demyelinating (e.g. leucodystrophies) and axonal (e.g. porphyria) diseases. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most frequent hereditary form among the neuropathies and its characterized by a wide range of symptoms so that CMT-1a is classified as demyelinating and CMT-2 as axonal (Marchesi & Pareyson, 2010). Defects in neuromuscular junctions cause infantile and non-infantile Botulism and Myasthenia Gravis (MG). MG is a antibody-mediated autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) (Drachman, 1994; Meriggioli & Sanders, 2009). In most cases, it is caused by pathogenic autoantibodies directed towards the skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (Patrick & Lindstrom, 1973) while in others, non-AChR components of the postsynaptic muscle endplate, such as the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MUSK), might serve as targets for the autoimmune attack (Hoch et al., 2001). Although the precise origin of the autoimmune response in MG is not known, genetic predisposition and abnormalities of the thymus gland such as hyperplasia and neoplasia could have an important role in the onset of the disease (Berrih et al., 1984; Roxanis et al., 2001).

Several diseases affect muscles: they are classified as acquired (e.g. dermatomyositis and polymyositis) and hereditary (e.g. myotonic disorders and myopaties) forms. Among the myopaties, muscular dystrophies are characterized by the primary wasting of skeletal muscle, caused by mutations in the proteins that form the link between the cytoskeleton and the basal lamina (Cossu & Sampaolesi, 2007). Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause severe form of hereditary muscular diseases; the most common are Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD). DMD patients suffer for complete lack of dystrophin that causes progressive degeneration, muscle wasting and death into the second/third decade of life. Beside, BMD patients show a very mild phenotype, often asymptomatic primarily due to the expression of shorter dystrophin mRNA transcripts that maintain the coding reading frame. DMD patients muscles show absence of dystrophin and presence of endomysial fibrosis, small fibers rounded and muscle fiber degeneration/regeneration. Untreated, boys with DMD become progressively weak during their childhood and stop ambulation at a mean age of 9 years, later with corticosteroid treatment (12/13 yrs). Proximal weakness affects symmetrically the lower (such as quadriceps and gluteus) before the upper extremities, with progression to the point of wheelchair dependence. Eventually distal lower and then upper limb weakness occurs. Weakness of neck flexors is often present at the beginning, and most patients with DMD have never been able to jump. Wrist and hand muscles are involved later, allowing the patients to keep their autonomy in transfers using a joystick to guide their wheelchair. Musculoskeletal contractures (ankle, knees and hips) and learning difficulties can complicate the clinical expression of the disease. Besides this weakness distribution in the same patient, a deep variability among patients does exist. They could express a mild phenotype, between Becker and Duchenne dystrophy, or a really severe form, with the loss of deambulation at 7-8 years. Confinement to a wheelchair is followed by the development of scoliosis, respiratory failure and cardiomyopathy. In 90% of people death is directly related to chronic respiratory insufficiency (Rideau et al., 1983). The identification and characterization of dystrophin gene led to the development of potential treatments for this disorder (Bertoni, 2008). Even if only corticosteroids were proven to be effective on DMD patient (Hyser and Mendell, 1988), different therapeutic approaches were attempted, as described in detail below (see section 7).

The identification and characterization of the genes whose mutations caused the most common neuromuscular diseases led to the development of potential treatments for those disorders. Gene therapy for neuromuscular disorders embraced several concepts, including replacing and repairing a defective gene or modifying or enhancing cellular performance, using gene that is not directly related to the underlying defect (Shavlakadze et al., 2004). As an example, the finding that DMD pathology was caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene allowed the rising of different therapeutic approaches including growth-modulating agents that increase muscle regeneration and delay muscle fibrosis (Tinsley et al., 1998), powerful antisense oligonucleotides with exon-skipping capacity (Mc Clorey et al., 2006), anti-inflammatory or second-messenger signal-modulating agents that affect immune responses (Biggar et al., 2006), agents designed to suppress stop codon mutations (Hamed, 2006). Viral and non-viral vectors were used to deliver the full-length - or restricted versions - of the dystrophin gene into stem cells; alternatively, specific antisense oligonucleotides were designed to mask the putative splicing sites of exons in the mutated region of the primary RNA transcript whose removal would re-establish a correct reading frame. In parallel, the biology of stem cells and their role in regeneration were the subject of intensive and extensive research in many laboratories around the world because of the promise of stem cells as therapeutic agents to regenerate tissues damaged by disease or injury (Fuchs and Segre, 2000; Weissman, 2000). This research constituted a significant part of the rapidly developing field of regenerative biology and medicine, and the combination of gene and cell therapy arose as one of the most suitable possibility to treat degenerative disorders. Several works were published in which stem cell were genetically modified by ex vivo introduction of corrective genes and then transplanted in donor dystrophic animal models.

Stem cells received much attention because of their potential use in cell-based therapies for human disease such as leukaemia (Owonikoko et al., 2007), Parkinsons disease (Singh et al., 2007), and neuromuscular disorders (Endo, 2007; Nowak and Davies, 2004). The main advantage of stem cells rather than the other cells of the body is that they can replenish their numbers for long periods through cell division and, they can produce a progeny that can differentiate into multiple cell lineages with specific functions (Bertoni, 2008). The candidate stem cell had to be easy to extract, maintaining the capacity of myogenic conversion when transplanted into the host muscle and also the survival and the subsequent migration from the site of injection to the compromise muscles of the body (Price et al., 2007). With the advent of more sensitive markers, stem cell populations suitable for clinical experiments were found to derive from multiple region of the body at various stage of development. Numerous studies showed that the regenerative capacity of stem cells resided in the environmental microniche and its regulation. This way, it could be important to better elucidate the molecular composition cytokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix molecules - and interactions of the different microniches that regulate stem cell development (Stocum, 2001).

Several groups published different works concerning adult stem cells such as muscle-derived stem cells (Qu-Petersen et al., 2002), mesoangioblasts (Cossu and Bianco, 2003), blood- (Gavina et al., 2006) and muscle (Benchaouir et al., 2007)-derived CD133+ stem cells. Although some of them are able to migrate through the vasculature (Benchaouir et al., 2007; Galvez et al., 2006; Gavina et al., 2006) and efforts were done to increase their migratory ability (Lafreniere et al., 2006; Torrente et al., 2003a), poor results were obtained.

Embryonic and adult stem cells differ significantly in regard to their differentiation potential and in vitro expansion capability. While adult stem cells constitute a reservoir for tissue regeneration throughout the adult life, they are tissue-specific and possess limited capacity to be expanded ex vivo. Embryonic Stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst embryos and, by definition, are capable of unlimited in vitro self-renewal and have the ability to differentiate into any cell type of the body (Darabi et al., 2008b). ES cells, together with recently identified iPS cells, are now broadly and extensively studied for their applications in clinical studies.

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells derived from the early embryo that are characterized by the ability to proliferate over prolonged periods of culture remaining undifferentiated and maintaining a stable karyotype (Amit and Itskovitz-Eldor, 2002; Carpenter et al., 2003; Hoffman and Carpenter, 2005). They are capable of differentiating into cells present in all 3 embryonic germ layers, namely ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, and are characterized by self-renewal, immortality, and pluripotency (Strulovici et al., 2007).

hESCs are derived by microsurgical removal of cells from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst stage embryo (Fig. 1). The ES cells can be also obtained from single blastomeres. This technique creates ES cells from a single blastomere directly removed from the embryo bypassing the ethical issue of embryo destruction (Klimanskaya et al., 2006). Although maintaining the viability of the embryo, it has to be determined whether embryonic stem cell lines derived from a single blastomere that does not compromise the embryo can be considered for clinical studies. Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT): Nuclear transfer, also referred to as nuclear cloning, denotes the introduction of a nucleus from an adult donor cell into an enucleated oocyte to generate a cloned embryo (Wilmut et al., 2002).

ESCs differentiation. Differentiation potentiality of human embryonic stem cell lines. Human embryonic stem cell pluripotency is evaluated by the ability of the cells to differentiate into different cell types.

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Stem Cell Therapy for Neuromuscular Diseases | InTechOpen

Stem cell research is on the rise, giving hope to patients and providing treatment for many diseases and disorders. While stem cell treatments are a fairly new science, they can have life-saving effects.

Stem cell treatments consist of removing healthy regenerative cells from the patient and transplanting them into the affected area. This treatment helps repair and reverse a variety of conditions and diseases.

Regenerative cells can be harvested from the patient's bone marrow, fat or peripheral blood. This is done to eliminate the risk of cell rejection in the patient.

Typically, four to six treatments are administered depending on how the condition reacts to the stem cell treatment. Treatments are given over a period of seven to 12 days.

Stem cell treatments are effective at treating autoimmune diseases, cerebral palsy, degenerative joint disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal injuries and type 2 diabetes. It is thought that in the future, stem cell treatment can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease.

Stem cell therapy can reduce pain and discomfort; it can help patients suffering from arthritis regain mobility. In serious cases, such as cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis, stem cell treatments can be life-saving.

Because stem cell treatment is a new science, little is known about its long term effects. According to Cell Medicine, no side effects have been reported by patients other than pain at the injection site.

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Heat and cold treatment such as ice and heating pads can be alternated for reducing inflammation and pain ... Regenerative Stem Cell...

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What Is Stem Cell Treatment? | eHow

This article is about the medical therapy. For the cell type, see Stem cell.

Stem cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.

Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells, and to apply stem cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions, diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions.

With the ability of scientists to isolate and culture embryonic stem cells, and with scientists' growing ability to create stem cells using somatic cell nuclear transfer and techniques to create induced pluripotent stem cells, controversy has crept in, both related to abortion politics and to human cloning. Additionally, efforts to market treatments based on transplant of stored umbilical cord blood have proven controversial.

For over 30 years, bone-marrow have been used to treat cancer patients with conditions such as leukaemia and lymphoma; this is the only form of stem cell therapy that is widely practiced.[1][2][3] During chemotherapy, most growing cells are killed by the cytotoxic agents. These agents, however, cannot discriminate between the leukaemia or neoplastic cells, and the hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow. It is this side effect of conventional chemotherapy strategies that the stem cell transplant attempts to reverse; a donor's healthy bone marrow reintroduces functional stem cells to replace the cells lost in the host's body during treatment. The transplanted cells also generate an immune response that helps to kill off the cancer cells; this process can go too far, however, leading to graft vs host disease, the most serious side effect of this treatment.[4]

Another stem cell therapy called Prochymal, was conditionally approved in Canada in 2012 for the management of acute graft-vs-host disease in children who are unresponsive to steroids.[5] It is an allogenic stem therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of adult donors. MSCs are purified from the marrow, cultured and packaged, with up to 10,000 doses derived from a single donor. The doses are stored frozen until needed.[6]

The FDA has approved five hematopoietic stem cell products derived from umbilical cord blood, for the treatment of blood and immunological diseases.[7]

In 2014, the European Medicines Agency recommended approval of Holoclar, a treatment involving stem cells, for use in the European Union. Holoclar is used for people with severe limbal stem cell deficiency due to burns in the eye.[8]

Research has been conducted to learn whether stem cells may be used to treat brain degeneration, such as in Parkinson's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.[9][10][11]

Healthy adult brains contain neural stem cells which divide to maintain general stem cell numbers, or become progenitor cells. In healthy adult animals, progenitor cells migrate within the brain and function primarily to maintain neuron populations for olfaction (the sense of smell). Pharmacological activation of endogenous neural stem cells has been reported to induce neuroprotection and behavioral recovery in adult rat models of neurological disorder.[12][13][14]

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Stem cell therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia