StemCell Therapy

Durham, NC A new study appearing in the current issue of STEM CELLS Translational Medicine indicates that stem cells harvested from fat (adipose) are more potent than those collected from bone marrow in helping to modulate the bodys immune system.

The finding could have significant implications in developing new stem-cell-based therapies, as adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AT-SCs) are far more plentiful in the body than those found in bone marrow and can be collected from waste material from liposuction procedures. Stem cells are considered potential therapies for a range of conditions, from enhancing skin graft survival to treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Researchers at the Leiden University Medical Centers Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion in Leiden, The Netherlands, led by Helene Roelofs, Ph.D., conducted the study. They were seeking an alternative to bone marrow for stem cell therapies because of the low number of stem cells available in marrow and also because harvesting them involves an invasive procedure.

Adipose tissue is an interesting alternative since it contains approximately a 500-fold higher frequency of stem cells and tissue collection is simple, Dr. Roelofs said.

Moreover, Dr. Sara M. Melief added, 400,000 liposuctions a year are performed in the U.S. alone, where the aspirated adipose tissue is regarded as waste and could be collected without any additional burden or risk for the donor.

For the study, the team used stem cells collected from the bone marrow and fat tissue of age-matched donors. They compared the cells ability to regulate the immune system in vitro and found that the two performed similarly, although it took a smaller dose for the AT-SCs to achieve the same effect on the immune cells.

When it came to secreting cytokines the cell signaling molecules that regulate the immune system the AT-SCs also outperformed the bone marrow-derived cells.

This all adds up to make AT-SC a good alternative to bone marrow stem cells for developing new therapies, Dr. Roelofs concluded.

Cells from bone marrow and from fat were equivalent in terms of their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types, said Anthony Atala, M.D., editor of STEM CELLS Translational Medicine and director of Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine. The fact that the cells from fat tissue seem to be more potent at suppressing the immune system suggest their promise in clinical therapies.

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Stem cells from fat outperform those from bone marrow in ...

Adult stem cellsee somatic stem cell.

Astrocytea type of supporting (glial) cell found in the nervous system.

BlastocoelThe fluid-filled cavity inside the blastocyst, an early, preimplantation stage of the developing embryo.

BlastocystA preimplantation embryo of about 150 cells produced by cell division following fertilization. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells (the trophoblast), a fluid-filled cavity (the blastocoel), and a cluster of cells on the interior (the inner cell mass).

Bone marrow stromal cellsA population of cells found in bone marrow that are different from blood cells, a subset of which are multipotent stem cells, able to give rise to bone, cartilage, marrow fat cells, and able to support formation of blood cells.

Bone marrow stromal cellsA population of cells found in bone marrow that are different from blood cells, a subset of which are multipotent stem cells, able to give rise to bone, cartilage, marrow fat cells, and able to support formation of blood cells.

Bone marrow stromal stem cells (skeletal stem cells)A multipotent subset of bone marrow stromal cells able to form bone, cartilage, stromal cells that support blood formation, fat, and fibrous tissue.

Cell-based therapiesTreatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or destroyed cells or tissues.

Cell cultureGrowth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for research or medical treatment.

Cell divisionMethod by which a single cell divides to create two cells. There are two main types of cell division depending on what happens to the chromosomes: mitosis and meiosis.

Chromosomea structure consisting of DNA and regulatory proteins found in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA in the nucleus is usually divided up among several chromosomes.The number of chromosomes in the nucleus varies depending on the species of the organism. Humans have 46 chromosomes.

Clone (v) To generate identical copies of a region of a DNA molecule or to generate genetically identical copies of a cell, or organism; (n) The identical molecule, cell, or organism that results from the cloning process.

CloningSee Clone.

Cord blood stem cellsSee Umbilical cord blood stem cells.

Culture mediumThe liquid that covers cells in a culture dish and contains nutrients to nourish and support the cells. Culture medium may also include growth factors added to produce desired changes in the cells.

DifferentiationThe process whereby an unspecialized embryonic cell acquires the features of a specialized cell such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. Differentiation is controlled by the interaction of a cell's genes with the physical and chemical conditions outside the cell, usually through signaling pathways involving proteins embedded in the cell surface.

Directed differentiationThe manipulation of stem cell culture conditions to induce differentiation into a particular cell type.

DNADeoxyribonucleic acid, a chemical found primarily in the nucleus of cells. DNA carries the instructions or blueprint for making all the structures and materials the body needs to function. DNA consists of both genes and non-gene DNA in between the genes.

EctodermThe outermost germ layer of cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst; gives rise to the nervous system, sensory organs, skin, and related structures.

EmbryoIn humans, the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation, when it is called a fetus.

Embryoid bodiesRounded collections of cells that arise when embryonic stem cells are cultured in suspension. Embryoid bodies contain cell types derived from all 3 germ layers.

Embryonic germ cellsPluripotent stem cells that are derived from early germ cells (those that would become sperm and eggs). Embryonic germ cells (EG cells) are thought to have properties similar to embryonic stem cells.

Embryonic stem cellsPrimitive (undifferentiated) cells derived from a 5-day preimplantation embryo that are capable of dividing without differentiating for a prolonged period in culture, and are known to develop into cells and tissues of the three primary germ layers.

Embryonic stem cell lineEmbryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years.

EndodermThe innermost layer of the cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst; it gives rise to lungs, other respiratory structures, and digestive organs, or generally "the gut."

Enucleatedhaving had its nucleus removed.

Epigenetichaving to do with the process by which regulatory proteins can turn genes on or off in a way that can be passed on during cell division.

Feeder layerCells used in co-culture to maintain pluripotent stem cells. For human embryonic stem cell culture, typical feeder layers include mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or human embryonic fibroblasts that have been treated to prevent them from dividing.

FertilizationThe joining of the male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg).

FetusIn humans, the developing human from approximately eight weeks after conception until the time of its birth.

GameteAn egg (in the female) or sperm (in the male) cell. See also Somatic cell.

Gastrulationthe process in which cells proliferate and migrate within the embryo to transform the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage into an embryo containing all three primary germ layers.

GeneA functional unit of heredity that is a segment of DNA found on chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. Genes direct the formation of an enzyme or other protein.

Germ layersAfter the blastocyst stage of embryonic development, the inner cell mass of the blastocyst goes through gastrulation, a period when the inner cell mass becomes organized into three distinct cell layers, called germ layers. The three layers are the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm.

Hematopoietic stem cellA stem cell that gives rise to all red and white blood cells and platelets.

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)A type of pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst.

Induced pluripotent stem cellsSomatic (adult) cells reprogrammed to enter an embryonic stem celllike state by being forced to express factors important for maintaining the "stemness" of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mouse iPSCs were first reported in 2006 (Takahashi and Yamanaka), and human iPSCs were first reported in late 2007 (Takahashi et al. and Yu et al.). Mouse iPSCs demonstrate important characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, including the expression of stem cell markers, the formation of tumors containing cells from all three germ layers, and the ability to contribute to many different tissues when injected into mouse embryos at a very early stage in development. Human iPSCs also express stem cell markers and are capable of generating cells characteristic of all three germ layers. Scientists are actively comparing iPSCs and ESCs to identify important similarities and differences.

In vitroLatin for "in glass"; in a laboratory dish or test tube; an artificial environment.

In vitro fertilizationA technique that unites the egg and sperm in a laboratory instead of inside the female body.

Inner cell mass (ICM)The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst. These cells give rise to the embryo and ultimately the fetus. The ICM cells are used to generate embryonic stem cells.

Long-term self-renewalThe ability of stem cells to replicate themselves by dividing into the same non-specialized cell type over long periods (many months to years) depending on the specific type of stem cell.

Mesenchymal stem cellsCells from the immature embryonic connective tissue. A number of cell types come from mesenchymal stem cells, including chondrocytes, which produce cartilage.

MeiosisThe type of cell division a diploid germ cell undergoes to produce gametes (sperm or eggs) that will carry half the normal chromosome number. This is to ensure that when fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg will carry the normal number of chromosomes rather than causing aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes).

MesodermMiddle layer of a group of cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst; it gives rise to bone, muscle, connective tissue, kidneys, and related structures.

MicroenvironmentThe molecules and compounds such as nutrients and growth factors in the fluid surrounding a cell in an organism or in the laboratory, which play an important role in determining the characteristics of the cell.

MitosisThe type of cell division that allows a population of cells to increase its numbers or to maintain its numbers. The number of chromosomes remains the same in this type of cell division.

MultipotentHaving the ability to develop into more than one cell type of the body. See also pluripotent and totipotent.

Neural stem cellA stem cell found in adult neural tissue that can give rise to neurons and glial (supporting) cells. Examples of glial cells include astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

NeuronsNerve cells, the principal functional units of the nervous system. A neuron consists of a cell body and its processesan axon and one or more dendrites. Neurons transmit information to other neurons or cells by releasing neurotransmitters at synapses.

OligodendrocyteA supporting cell that provides insulation to nerve cells by forming a myelin sheath (a fatty layer) around axons.

ParthenogenesisThe artificial activation of an egg in the absence of a sperm; the egg begins to divide as if it has been fertilized.

PassageIn cell culture, the process in which cells are disassociated, washed, and seeded into new culture vessels after a round of cell growth and proliferation. The number of passages a line of cultured cells has gone through is an indication of its age and expected stability.

PluripotentHaving the ability to give rise to all of the various cell types of the body. Pluripotent cells cannot make extra-embryonic tissues such as the amnion, chorion, and other components of the placenta. Scientists demonstrate pluripotency by providing evidence of stable developmental potential, even after prolonged culture, to form derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers from the progeny of a single cell and to generate a teratoma after injection into an immunosuppressed mouse.

Polar BodyA polar body is a structure produced when an early egg cell, or oogonium, undergoes meiosis. In the first meiosis, the oogonium divides its chromosomes evenly between the two cells but divides its cytoplasm unequally. One cell retains most of the cytoplasm, while the other gets almost none, leaving it very small. This smaller cell is called the first polar body. The first polar body usually degenerates. The ovum, or larger cell, then divides again, producing a second polar body with half the amount of chromosomes but almost no cytoplasm. The second polar body splits off and remains adjacent to the large cell, or oocyte, until it (the second polar body) degenerates. Only one large functional oocyte, or egg, is produced at the end of meiosis.

PreimplantationWith regard to an embryo, preimplantation means that the embryo has not yet implanted in the wall of the uterus. Human embryonic stem cells are derived from preimplantation-stage embryos fertilized outside a woman's body (in vitro).

ProliferationExpansion of the number of cells by the continuous division of single cells into two identical daughter cells.

Regenerative medicineA field of medicine devoted to treatments in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or destroyed cell populations or tissues. (See also cell-based therapies).

Reproductive cloningThe process of using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce a normal, full grown organism (e.g., animal) genetically identical to the organism (animal) that donated the somatic cell nucleus. In mammals, this would require implanting the resulting embryo in a uterus where it would undergo normal development to become a live independent being. The first animal to be created by reproductive cloning was Dolly the sheep, born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1996. See also Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).

SignalsInternal and external factors that control changes in cell structure and function. They can be chemical or physical in nature.

Somatic cellany body cell other than gametes (egg or sperm); sometimes referred to as "adult" cells. See also Gamete.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)A technique that combines an enucleated egg and the nucleus of a somatic cell to make an embryo. SCNT can be used for therapeutic or reproductive purposes, but the initial stage that combines an enucleated egg and a somatic cell nucleus is the same. See also therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning.

Somatic (adult) stem cellsA relatively rare undifferentiated cell found in many organs and differentiated tissues with a limited capacity for both self renewal (in the laboratory) and differentiation. Such cells vary in their differentiation capacity, but it is usually limited to cell types in the organ of origin. This is an active area of investigation.

Stem cellsCells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells.

Stromal cellsNon-blood cells derived from blood organs, such as bone marrow or fetal liver, which are capable of supporting growth of blood cells in vitro. Stromal cells that make the matrix within the bone marrow are also derived from mesenchymal stem cells.

SubculturingTransferring cultured cells, with or without dilution, from one culture vessel to another.

Surface markersProteins on the outside surface of a cell that are unique to certain cell types and that can be visualized using antibodies or other detection methods.

Teratoma A multi-layered benign tumor that grows from pluripotent cells injected into mice with a dysfunctional immune system. Scientists test whether they have established a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line by injecting putative stem cells into such mice and verifying that the resulting teratomas contain cells derived from all three embryonic germ layers.

Therapeutic cloningThe process of using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce cells that exactly match a patient. By combining a patient's somatic cell nucleus and an enucleated egg, a scientist may harvest embryonic stem cells from the resulting embryo that can be used to generate tissues that match a patient's body. This means the tissues created are unlikely to be rejected by the patient's immune system. See also Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).

TotipotentHaving the ability to give rise to all the cell types of the body plus all of the cell types that make up the extraembryonic tissues such as the placenta. (See also Pluripotent and Multipotent).

TransdifferentiationThe process by which stem cells from one tissue differentiate into cells of another tissue.

TrophectodermThe outer layer of the preimplantation embryo in mice. It contains trophoblast cells.

TrophoblastThe outer cell layer of the blastocyst. It is responsible for implantation and develops into the extraembryonic tissues, including the placenta, and controls the exchange of oxygen and metabolites between mother and embryo.

Umbilical cord blood stem cellsstem cells collected from the umbilical cord at birth that can produce all of the blood cells in the body (hematopoietic). Cord blood is currently used to treat patients who have undergone chemotherapy to destroy their bone marrow due to cancer or other blood-related disorders.

UndifferentiatedA cell that has not yet developed into a specialized cell type.

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Stem Cell Technology represents a major breakthrough in anti-aging and regenerative skin care, by protecting, strengthening, and replenishing our own human skin cells. Where Peptides stimulate different functions acting as messengers to skin cells, stem cell technology improves the life of the core of the cell. Working in synergy with peptides, they enhance the effectiveness of peptides and other active ingredients.

Antiaging effects - The stem cells in our skin have a limited life expectancy due to DNA damage, aging and oxidative stress. As our own skin stem cells age, they become more difficult to repair and replenish. Protection of our stem cells becomes more and more beneficial as our skin ages, and with the advent of stem cells, we are now able to delay the natural aging process even further than before.

Expected benefits of stem cells technology for regenerative skin care:

Stem Cell Replenishing Serum Featuring a potent concentration of apple and edelweiss plant stem cells, state-of-the-art peptides, and other cutting edge ingredients, the Stem Cell Replenishing Serum is thoroughly formulated to produce age defying results, restoring the youthful look and vitality to aging skin.

Stem Cell Moisturizing Cream Also featuring a healthy concentration of apple and edelweiss plant stem cells, peptides, and numerous botanical extracts, the Stem Cell Moisturizing Cream is formulated to produce age defying results while also helping to maintain healthy and youthful looking skin as a daily moisturizer.

Our Stem Cell Applications:

LPAR Stem Cell Products contain a wide variety of stem cells with healthy and potent concentrations in order to deliver the results skin care consumers strive for. The first stem cell ingredient discovered and produced is a liposomal preparation based on the stem cells of a rare Swiss apple. The revolutionary active ingredient, Malus Domestica by PhytoCellTec is based on a high tech plant cell culture technology. It has been proven to protect the longevity of skin stem cells and provide significant anti-wrinkle effects. Since the discovery and the worldwide success of Apple Stem Cells introduction to the cosmetic and skin care marketplace, other new and exciting stem cell ingredients have been discovered to provide extraordinary results for all skin types.

We were proud to be the first skin care line to offer the ground-breaking combination of Apple and Edelweiss stem cells, and are dedicated to formulating the best new and existing stem cell ingredients into our product line as the technology continues to develop.

To inquire about purchasing LPAR Stem Cell products. visit our Retail Locator page.

Featuring a luxurious and potent blend of three major botanical stem cells (Apple, Gardenia Jasminoides, Echinacea Angustifolia) two state-of-the-art peptides (Nutripeptides, Matrixyl synthe6), and numerous botanical extracts and minerals, the Stem Cell Nourishing Mask is thoroughly formulated to nourish, firm, and energize mature skin. Total Stem Cell Concentration: 5.5% - Total Peptide Concentration: 9.0%

Directions: Using fingertips, apply on clean, dry skin twice weekly. Avoid the eye area. The mask can be left on the skin for prolonged periods (during the day or overnight). Allow at least 10-15 minutes for the mask to penetrate the skin before rinsing with water or applying additional product For external use only.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Glycerin, Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein (Nutripeptides), Sodium Hyaluronate, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 (Matrixyl synthe6), Biosaccharide Gum-1, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Gardenia Jasminoides Meristem Cell Culture, Xanthan Gum, Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture, Lecithin, Porphyridium Polysaccharide, Echinacea Angustifolia Meristem Cell Culture, Carbomer, Triethanolamine, Mentha Pipertita (Peppermint) Extract, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Palmaria Palmata (Dulce) Extract, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, Copper PCA, Zinc PCA, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Fragrance (Parfum)

Featuring a plant and fruit stem cell enhanced blend of three major stem cells (Apple, Edelweiss, Alpine Rose), state-of-the-art peptides (Eyeseryl, Nutripeptides), the Stem Cell Eye Therapy is an advanced eye formula designed to nourish, firm, and increase skin elasticity and skin smoothness around the eye area. Total Stem Cell Concentration: 6.75% - Total Peptide Concentration: 11.0%

Directions: Using fingertips, apply product around both eyes on clean, dry skin once or twice daily before applying a moisturizer or night cream. For external use only.

Ingredients: Water, Acetyl Tetrapeptide-5 (Eyeseryl), Sodium Hyaluronate, Hydrolyzed Rice Protein (Nutripeptides), Glycerin, Leontopodium Alpinum Meristem Cell Culture (Edelweiss Stem Cells), Xanthan Gum, Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture (Apple Stem Cells), Lecithin, Porphyridium Polysaccharide, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, Carbomer, Triethanolamine, Rhododendron Ferrugineum Leaf Cell Culture Extract (Alpine Rose Stem Cells) Isomalt, Sodium Benzoate, Lactic Acid, Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate, Allantoin, Copper PCA, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder

Plant stem cells represent a major breakthrough in skin care, launching the beginning of a new system of treating the skin...by protecting and replenishing the building blocks of what makes up our own skin: Stem Cells. Rather than working around the natural aging process of our skin stem cells, we now have the technology available to improve the life of our skins most important and central component.

Featuring a potent combination of apple, edelweiss, and grape stem cells, state-of-the-art peptides, and other cutting edge ingredients, the Stem Cell Replenishing Serum is thoroughly formulated to produce age defying results, restoring the youthful look and vitality to aging skin.

Directions: Apply with fingertips on clean, dry skin once or twice daily. Avoid the eye area by approximately 1 cm. Suitable for mature skin types. For external use only.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Glycerin, Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate, Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture (Apple Stem Cells), Hydrolyzed Ceratonia Siliqua Seed Extract, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5, PEG-8 Dimethicone, Saccharide Isomerate, Imperata Cylindrica (Root) Extract, Polysorbate 20, Leontopodium Alpinum Meristem Cell Culture (Edelweiss Stem Cells), Leucojum Aestivum Bulb Extract, Triethanolamine, Carbomer, Xanthan Gum, Vitis Vinifera Fruit Cell Extract (Grape Stem Cells), Isomalt, Sodium Benzoate, Lecithin, Disodium EDTA, Allantoin, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, PEG-8-Carbomer, Fragrance (Parfum)

Plant stem cells represent a major breakthrough in skin care, launching the beginning of a new system of treating the skin...by protecting and replenishing the building blocks of what makes up our own skin: Stem Cells. Rather than working around the natural aging process of our skin stem cells, we now have the technology available to improve the life of our skins most important and central component.

Featuring a healthy concentration and a diverse group of stem cells (apple, edelweiss, grape), peptides, and numerous botanical extracts, the Stem Cell Moisturizing Cream is formulated to produce age-defying results, while also helping to maintain healthy and youthful looking skin as a daily moisturizer.

Directions: For mature skin and/or skin conditioning, apply onto clean, dry skin with fingertips once daily. Avoid the eye. For external use only.

Ingredient Highlights: Plant/Fruit Stem Cells 4% - Malus Domestica (Apple Stem Cells) - Leontopodium Alpinum Cell Culture Extract (Edelweiss Stem Cells) - Vitis Vinifera Fruit Cell Extract (Grape Stem Cells)

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Glycerin, Isopropyl Myristate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetearyl Olivate, Sorbitan Olivate, Sorbitol, Saccharide Isomerate, Sodium Hyaluronate, Leucojum Aestivum Bulb Extract, Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Extract (Apple Stem Cells), Leontopodium Alpinum Meristem Cell Culture (Edelweiss Stem Cells), Vitis Vinifera Fruit Cell Extract (Grape Stem Cells), Crambe Abyssinica Seed Oil, Dimethicone, Cetyl Alcohol, Imperata Cylindrica (Root) Extract, Acetyl Octapeptide-3 (SNAP-8), Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate(SYN-AKE), Palmitoyl Tripeptide-3 (SYN-COL), Hydrolyzed Ceratonia Siliqua Seed Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract, Glyceryl Stearate, Xantham Gum, Cetyl Palmitate, Sorbitan Palmitate, Bisabolol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Fragrance, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexyglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, PEG-8, Carbomer, Lecithin, Isomalt, Sodium Benzoate, Disodium EDTA

[ pH: 5.00 ]

Featuring high concentrations of Vitamin C (Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate), Orange Stem Cells, and Peptides, this is a multi-beneficial cream with state-of-the-art actives formulated to deliver significant and lasting results.

Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate is a stable, oil soluble form of Vitamin C that penetrates deeper into the skin than traditional ascorbic acid based Vitamin C. It's a proven skin lightener, a powerful Anti-Oxidant, DNA protector, and increases collagen synthesis more effectively than ascorbic acid. Orange Stem Cells work to increase elasticity and skin resistance to the dermis, which increase firmness and diminish wrinkles while also working synergistically with peptides to further increase skin elasticity and collagen support.

How to Use: Smooth a pearl sized drop onto the face once daily (morning or evening). Avoid the eye area while applying. Follow with Solar Protection if used during the day.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester), Glycerin, Hexyl Laurate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Butylene Glycol, Sorbitol, Stearic Acid, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Sorbitan Stearate, Polysorbate 60, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Sodium Hyaluronate, Squalane, Dimethicone, PPG-12/SMDI Copolymer, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Callus Culture Extract (Orange Stem Cells), Tocopheryl Acetate, Cetearyl Ethylhexanoate, Linoleic Acid, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Sterols, Phospholipids, Di-PPG-2 Myreth-10 Adipate, Retinol, Polysorbate 20, Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans, Alcohol, Ectoin, Lecithin, Cyclotetrapeptide-24 Aminocyclohexane Carboxylate, Glucosamine HCl, Algae Extract, Yeast Extract, Urea, Micrococcus Lysate, Plankton Extract, Arabidopsis Thaliana Extract, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Xanthan Gum, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, Disodium EDTA, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil

[ pH: 4.7 ]

The Vitamin C Stem Cell Mask combines a potent blend of Vitamin C Ester (Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate), highly concentrated plant and fruit stem cells (Argan, Sea Fennel), and Aldenine, a unique peptide that acts as a cellular detoxifier and a collagen III booster.

Directions: Apply on clean, dry skin. Avoid the eye area. The mask may be left on the skin (i.e. during the day or overnight), or it may be rinsed off with lukewarm water after 10 - 15 minutes. Suitable for mature skin types.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Kaolin, Glycerin, Glyceryl Stearate, Sorbitan Olivate, Cetearyl Olivate, Cetyl Palmitate, Sorbitol, Sorbitan Palmitate, Stearic Acid, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclhexasiloxane, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil, Punica Granatum Extract, Butylene Glycol, Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit Extract, Carica Papaya Fruit Extract, Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Tripeptide-1, Argania Spinosa (Argan Stem Cells) Sprout Cell Extract, Crithmum Maritimum (Sea Fennel Stem Cells) Callus Culture Filtrate, Oligopeptide-68, Sodium Oleate, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hexylene Glycol, Polyacrylamide, C13-14 Isoparaffin, Laureth-7, Isomalt, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Lecithin, Sodium Benzoate, Allantoin, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Xanthan Gum, Disodium EDTA

[ pH: 6.00 ]

Originally designed to prepare and increase the skins receptiveness to our Professional Peptide Peel, the Premier Peptide Serum has gone on to become our most powerful anti-wrinkle product for year-round home care due to its high concentration and diversity of peptides. Composed of a total concentration of 65% peptides, the Premier Peptide Serum is a state of the art facial serum expertly formulated to reduce the signs of aging, energizing mature skin.

The Intensive Clarifying Peptide Cream is a unique and high potency moisturizing cream formulated with an abundance of natural skin lighteners, peptides, and botanical extracts that combine to clarify and firm mature skin, while effectively minimizing fine lines and wrinkles.

The Collagen Peptide Complex builds off of our original Collagen Copper Activating Complex, and includes an advanced formulation of peptides, including Syn-Coll, a small but powerful peptide that stimulates collagen synthesis at a cellular level, helping to compensate for any collagen deficit in the skin.

Boasting a remarkable collection of natural and innovative ingredients from exotic plants and enhanced peptides, the neck firming cream has been designed & tested to firm and energize mature skin, while providing increased smoothness and elasticity to the often neglected neck area.

Providing sufficient hydration is the most essential way to keep our skin healthy and youthful. While many of our products assist in hydrating the skin, hydration is the main focus of the Nano-Peptide B5 Complex, acting as the foundation for your home care regimen. Fortified with Sodium Hyaluronate (30%) and Pantothenic acid, it provides an especially deep and complete hydration. Because of the presence of peptides, it also assists in tightening and firming the skin while allowing for maximum absorption and effectiveness.

Designed for mature skin, this sophisticated moisturizer promotes cell renewal, stimulating the dermis layer of the skin with a high potency blend of peptides (Argireline, Matrixyl, & Biopeptide-CLTM) and botanical extracts that make it a particularly refined and effective moisturizing cream for age management.

The A&M Eye Recovery Therapy is an advanced age management treatment, applying the most tried and true peptides and delivery systems; Argireline & Matrixyl, to the highly wrinkle prone and fragile eye area, providing diminished wrinkle depth, and increased firmness and elasticity. The peptide Eyeliss is added to further enhance this treatment by counteracting skin slackening, puffiness, and decreasing irritation.

The A&M Facial Recovery Therapy is an advanced age-management treatment that blends the most tried and true peptides and delivery systems; Argireline & Matrixyl. Stimulating the deeper layers of the skin, the A&M Facial Recovery Therapy provides diminished wrinkle depth, as well as an increase in skin elasticity and firmness.

Originally designed to prepare and increase the skins receptiveness to our Professional Peptide Peel, the Premier Peptide Serum has gone on to become our most powerful anti-wrinkle product for year-round home care due to its high concentration and diversity of peptides. Composed of a total concentration of 65% peptides, the Premier Peptide Serum is a state of the art facial serum expertly formulated to reduce the signs of aging, energizing mature skin.

Directions: For mature skin types; apply at least three weeks before beginning the Lucrece Professional Peptide Peel treatment, and use twice a day leading up to the Peel. For year round application, apply once per day after the Collagen Peptide Complex. Avoid the eye area by at least 1 cm during application.

Peptides: SYN-AKE: A small peptide (Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate) that mimics the activity of Waglerin 1, a polypeptide that is found in the venom of the Temple Viper, Tropidolaemus wagleri. Clinical trials have shown SYN-AKE is capable of reducing wrinkle depth by inhibiting muscle contractions. SNAP-8: An anti-wrinkle (Acetyl Octapeptide-3) elongation of the famous Hexapeptide Argireline. The study of the basic biochemical mechanisms of anti-wrinkle activity led to the revolutionary Hexapeptide which has taken the cosmetic world by storm. ARGIRELINE: (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8) MATRIXYL: (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4) REGU-AGE: (Hydrolyzed Rice Bran Protein - Oxido Reductases - Soybean Protein) BIOPEPTIDE CL: (Palmitoyl Oligopeptide) RIGIN: (Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7) EYELISS: (Dipeptide-2 & Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7) INYLINE: (Acetyl Hexapeptide 30)

Other Ingredients: Water, Sodium Hyaluronate, Spiraea Ulmaria Flower Extract & Centella Asiatica Extract & Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Phenoxyethanol & Benzyl Alcohol & Potassium Sorbate & Tocopherol, Meadowsweet, Hydrocotyl Extract, Leucojum Aestivum Bulb Extract, Amino Acids, Diazolidinyl Urea, Imperata Cylindrica Extract, SMDI Copolymer, Hydroxyethylcellulose

[ pH: 5.00 ]

This unique and high potency moisturizing cream is formulated with an abundance of natural skin lighteners, peptides, and botanical extracts that combine to help clarify and energize mature skin.

Directions: Smooth a pearl size drop onto the face, gently massaging in with fingertips once per day (morning), avoiding the eye area. Follow with solar protection if applicable.

Skin Lightening Agents: Mulberry Bark, Saxifrage Extract, Grape Extract, Scutellaria Root Extracts, Vitamin C Ester (Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate), Emblica Fruit Extract, Licorice Root Extract.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Saxifrage Extract & Grape Extract & Butylene Glycol & Water & Mulberry Bark Extract & Scutellaria Root Extract, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil, Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides, Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil, Cetearyl Olivate & Sorbitan Olivate, Glycerin, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl), Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (C-Ester), Glyceryl Stearate & PEG 100 Stearate, Stearic Acid, Theobroma Cocao (Cocoa) Seed Butter, PPG-12/SMDI Copolymer, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 (Syn-Coll), Triethanolamine, Phenoxyethanol, Mangifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter, Darutoside, Tricholoma Matsutake Singer (Mushroom) Extract, Imperata Cylindrica (Root) Extract, Fragrance (Parfum), Glucosamine HCL & Algae Extract & Yeast Extract & Urea, Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A), Centella Asiatica Extract & Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Xanthan Gum, Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Disodium EDTA

[ pH: 5.75 ]

Specializing in firming the skin, the Collagen Peptide Complex builds off of our original Collagen Copper Activating Complex, and adds a combination of (5) major peptides, helping to keep the skin looking its youngest and most alive, as it works to firm, and add elasticity & texture to the skin. For best results, apply directly after the Nano-Peptide B5 Complex.

Directions: Apply a liberal amount on clean, dry face using fingertips, and massage into the skin. Let dry, and follow with a moisturizer and sun-block if used during the day, or the Vitamin A Facial Cream + III if used at night. Warning: For mature skin only. If redness occurs, lessen use to once or twice per week. If reactions persist, discontinue use.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Dipalmitoylhydroxyproline, Glycerin, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 (Rigin), Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (Biopeptide-CL), Butylene Glycol, Yeast (Faex Extract), Hydrocotyl Extract & Coneflower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5 (Syn-Coll), Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (Argireline), Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl), Panthenol, Phenoxyethanol & Caprylyl Glycol & Ethylhexylglycerin & Hexylene Glycol, Triethanolamine, Carbomer, Decarboxy Carsonine HCI, Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Seed Extract, Copper PCA, Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract, Disodium EDTA

[ pH: 5.50 ]

Boasting a remarkable collection of natural and innovative ingredients from exotic plants and enhanced peptides, the neck firming cream has been designed & tested to firm and energize mature skin, while providing increased smoothness and elasticity to the often neglected neck area.

Directions: On clean dry skin, apply onto the neck area with fingertips in an upward motion. Apply twice a day, or as needed.

Key Ingredients: Bio-Bustyl: Stimulates cell metabolism, promotes collagen synthesis, and enhances fibroblast (collagen-producing cell) proliferation. INCI: Glyceryl Polymethacrylate, Soy Protein Ferment, PEG-8, & Palmitoyl Oligopeptide Polylift: Using a cross-linking technology, biopolymerization, Polylift reinforces the natural lifting effect of sweet almond proteins, providing a smooth firmness & radiance to the surface of the skin. INCI: Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Extract.

Ingredients: Deionized Water, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond Oil), Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides, Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil, Simmondsia (Jojoba) Seed Oil/ Buxus Chinensis, Cetearyl Alcohol, Dicetyl Phosphate, Ceteth-10 Phosphate, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Seed Extract, Terminalia Catappa Leaf Extract & Sambucus Nigra Flower Extract & PVP & Tannic Acid, Glyceryl Polymethacrylate & Rahnella/ Soy Protein Ferment & PEG-8 & Palmitoyl Oligopeptide, Glycerin, Glyceryl Stearate & PEG 100 Stearate, Biosaccharide Gim-1, PPG-12/ SMDI Copolymer, Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract, Stearic Acid, Centella Asiatica Extract & Darutosidetriethanolamine, Tocopheryl Acetate, Magnifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter, Glycerin & Aqua & Lysolecithin & Perilla Frutescens Seed Oil, Xantham Gum, Retinyl Palmitate, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester), Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Imperata Cylindrica (Root) Extract, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Magnesium, Aluminum Silicate, Disodium EDTA

[ pH: 6.25 ]

Hydration is the most essential way to keep our skin healthy feeling and healthy looking. While many of our products assist in hydrating the skin, hydration is the main focus for this product, making it an essential for all skin types. Fortified with Hyaluronic (30%) and Panthenol (Vitamin B5), the Nano-Peptide B5 Complex provides an especially deep and complete hydration. With the addition of peptides, it also assists in tightening and firming the skin while allowing for maximum absorption and effectiveness.

The Nano-Peptide B5 Complex should be applied directly after cleansing the skin, as the 2nd step in skin care regimens for all skin types (morning & night). For best results, age management regimens should follow with the Stem Cell Replenishing Serum and/or the Collagen Peptide Complex before moisturizing.

Directions: Apply a healthy amount on clean, dry skin. May be used around the eye area.

Key Ingredients: Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4: Stimulates the skins fibroblasts to rebuild the extra-cellular matrix, including the synthesis of Collagen I and Collagen IV, fibronectin and of Glycosaminoglycans. It also stimulates the production of the dermal matrix (Collagen I & III) resulting in a significant reduction of wrinkles and fine lines. Acetyl Hexapeptide-8: Reduces facial wrinkle depth and the signs of skin aging resulting from facial movements and facial muscle contraction by halting the release of neurotransmitters from SNARE and catecholamine complexes, (which can also induce formation of wrinkles and fine lines to the skin). Hyaluronic Acid (30%): Penetrates deep into the skin, providing ample moisture Panthenol: Enhances formation of skin pigments for younger looking skin, and contains deep penetrating properties that allow a more complete hydration.

Other Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Hyaluronic Acid, Panthenol (Vitamin B5), MDI Complex, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Phenoxyethanol, Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, Butylene Glycol, Hydrocotyl & Coneflower Extract, Glycosaminoglycans.

[ pH: 5.5 ]

Designed for mature, sun damaged, and/or dehydrated skin, the Anti-Wrinkle Facial Cream is a peptide enriched moisturizer focused on increasing skin firmness & elasticity, and fortifying the skin with anti-oxidants & botanical extracts to facilitate healthy feeling and healthy looking skin.

Directions: Smooth a pearl size drop onto the face, massage into skin thoroughly. For use in the morning (recommended), follow with solar protection.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Glycerin, Dimethicone, Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Linoleic Acid & Glycine Soja (Soybean) Sterols & Phospholipids, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Butylene Glycol & Carbomer & Polysorbate 20 & Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, Cetearyl Alcohol & Dicetyl Phosphate & Ceteth-10 Phosphate, Glyceryl Stearate & PEG 100 Stearate, PPG-12/ SMDI Copolymer, Phyllanthus Emblica Fruit Extract, Darutoside, Cocoa Butter, Cetyl Alcohol, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea Butter), Saccharomyces/Xylinum Black Tea Ferment & Glycerin & Hydroxyethylcellulose, Glucoseamine HCL & Algae Extract & Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Yeast Extract) & Urea, Steareth-20 & Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Centella Asiatica Extract & Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein, Imperata Cylindrica (Root) Extract & PEG-8 & Carbomer, Phenoxyethanol & Caprylyl Glycol & Ethylhexylglycerin & Hexylene Glycol, Polyglyceryl Methacrylate & Propylene Glycol & Palmitoyl Oligopeptide, Cyclopentasiloxane & Dimethicone, Stearic Acid, Mangifera Indica (Mango) Seed Butter, Tocopheryl Acetate, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Leaf Extract, Chlorella Vulgaris Extract, Corallina Officinalis Extract, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, PEG-8 & Tocopherol & Ascorbyl Palmitate & Ascorbic Acid & Citric Acid, Disodium EDTA, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Xanthan Gum, Triethanolamine, Retinyl Palmitate, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil

[ pH: 5.75 ]

This advanced eye care treatment is expertly formulated to diminish the depth, increase firmness & elasticity, and to counteract skin slackening to the highly wrinkle prone and fragile eye area. Featuring (4) major peptides (Argireline, Matrixyl, Eyeliss, & Regu-age), the A&M Eye Recovery Therapy is our most potent eye treatment, and is recommended for mature skin.

Directions: Using fingertips, massage to surrounding eye areas affected by wrinkles due to muscle contractions. Also use in the nasal labial area. For best results, apply once per evening, followed by the A&M Facial Recovery Therapy, and/or the Vitamin A Facial Cream + III.

Ingredients Highlights: Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl): Stimulates the skins fibroblasts to rebuild the extra-cellular matrix, including the synthesis of Collagen I and Collagen IV, fibronectin and of Glycosaminoglycans. It also stimulates the production of dermal matrix (Collagen I & III) resulting in a significant reduction of wrinkles and fine lines of the skin. Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (Argireline): Reduces facial wrinkle depth and the signs of skin aging resulting from facial movements and facial muscle contraction by halting the release of neurotransmitters from SNARE and catecholamine complexes, (which can also induce formation of wrinkles and fine lines to the skin). Dipeptide-2 & Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 (Eyeliss): Combats the effect of tiredness and hypertension, as well as the natural effects of aging, which contribute to the formation of bags under the eyes, Eyeliss is an outstanding anti-aging ingredient. Soy Peptides & Hydrolyzed Rice Bran Extract (Regu-Age): A highly active complex of specially purified soy and rice peptides and biotechnologically derived yeast protein, Regu-Age effectively addresses dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.

Other Ingredients: Water, Sodium Hyaluronate, Centella Asiatica Extract & Echinacea Purpurea Extract, Xanthan Gum-Chondrus Crispus & Glucose, Lecithin & Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline, Imperata Cylindrica Extract, PEG-8 Dimethicone, Cyclomethicone

[ pH: 6.25 ]

An advanced age management treatment that blends the most tried and true peptides and delivery systems, Argireline & Matrixyl, helping to prevent skin aging induced by repeated facial movement caused by excessive catecholamine release. Stimulating the deeper layers of the skin, the A&M Facial Recovery Therapy provides diminished wrinkle depth, as well as an increase in the elasticity and firmness of the skin. Recommend for mature skin types.

Directions: Using fingertips apply to facial areas and massage into skin once per evening, allowing it to absorb into the skin. Apply directly after the A&M Eye Recovery Therapy.

Ingredients Highlights: Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4: Stimulates the skins fibroblasts to rebuild the extra-cellular matrix, including the synthesis of Collagen I and Collagen IV, fibronectin and of Glycosaminoglycans. It also stimulates the production of dermal matrix (Collagen I & III) resulting in a significant reduction of wrinkles and fine lines of the skin. Acetyl Hexapeptide-8: Reduces facial wrinkle depth and the signs of skin aging resulting from facial movements and facial muscle contraction by halting the release of neurotransmitters from SNARE and catecholamine complexes, (which can also induce formation of wrinkles and fine lines to the skin).

Other Ingredients: Deionized Water, Sodium Hyaluronate, Lecithin & Dipalmitoyl Hydroxyproline, Hydrocotyl & Coneflower Extracts, Glycosaminoglycans, Glucosamine HCI & Alagae Extract & Yeast Extract & Urea, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Glycine HCL, Retinyl Palmitate

[ pH: 6.25 ]

Addressing the multiple problems of sun and age damaged skin, the Intensive Clarifying Facial Cream + III is a glycolic acid based moisturizer featuring three potent skin lighteners; Kojic Acid, Licorice, and Hydro- quinone (2%), which quickly & effectively treat hyperpigmentation & discolorations.

Vitamin C Ester (Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate) is a stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C, providing high level skin lightening, enhanced collagen synthesis, and increased DNA & UV protection with higher absorption capabilities and less irritating than Ascorbic Acid.

Because of how well it protects the skins collagen fibers, ascorbic acid based Vitamin C is widely considered one of the most effective antioxidants for skin rejuvenation & revitalization. The 20% Vitamin C Lightening drops combine a potent concentration of ascorbic acid with aloe, green tea leaf extract, and mushroom extract. *Also available is our original Vitamin C Serum, containing a milder blend of ascorbic acid (14%).

The Anti-Wrinkle Eye Cream contains a high potency blend of peptides, including EyelissTM & Regu-age (in addition to Argireline & Matrixyl) which work synergistically to improve firmness, elasticity, and reduce puffiness & dark circles around the eye area.

Addressing the multiple problems of sun and age damaged skin, the Intensive Clarifying Facial Cream + III moisturizer combines three powerful lightening. Agents: Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid, & Licorice, with Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C, & Co-enzyme Q10, minimizing fine lines, evening skin tone, and naturally exfoliating the outer layer of the skin while providing a 15 sun protection factor (SPF).

Directions: Smooth a pearl sized drop onto the face once or twice daily. Avoid eye area. If used during the day, apply additional sun protection if skin is in contact with the sun for an extended period (twenty minutes or more).

Active Ingredients: Octyl Methoxycinnamate - 7.5% Octyl Salcylate - 5% Glycolic Acid - 4% Benzophenone - 3% Hydroquinone - 2%

Inactive Ingredients: Deionized Water, Glyceryl Stearate & PEG-100 Stearate, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Alpha Lipoic Acid, Co-enzyme Q 10, Kojic Acid, Cetyl Alcohol, Licorice, Palmitic Acid, Octyl Salcylate, Phenoxyethanol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Essential Oil of Rosewood, Disodium tEDTA

[ pH: 4.5 ]

Vitamin C Ester is a stable, oil-soluble form of Vitamin C, providing high level Skin Lightening, enhanced Collagen Synthesis, and increased DNA & UV protection with higher absorption capabilities than Ascorbic Acid.

Directions: On clean, dry skin, apply four to five drops directly onto the face once a day, avoiding the eye area.

Ingredients: Cyclomethicone, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (Vitamin C Ester 10%), PPG-12/SMDI Copolymer, Santalum Album Extract, Phellodendrone Amurense Bark Extract, Barley Extract, Jojoba Seed Oil/Buxus Chinensis, Tocopheryl Acetate, Phenoxyethanol, Tricholoma Matsutake Singer (Mushroom Extract), Ascorbyl Palmitate, Bisabolol

[ pH: 7.0 ]

Ascorbic acid based Vitamin C is widely considered one of the most effective antioxidants for rejuvenating mature skin due to its ability to protect the skins collagen fibers, and for its ability to help inhibit melanin production, creating a lightening effect to the skin. The 20% Vitamin C Lightening Drops combine a potent concentration of ascorbic acid with aloe, green tea extract, and an exotic mushroom extract (Tricholoma Matsutake Singer) for additional lightening.

Directions: On clean, dry skin apply four to five drops directly onto the face once daily. Avoid the eye area. Thoroughly wash hands after use. Though a light tingling sensation is normal, if irritation (redness) results after application, discontinue or reduce the frequency of use of the product.

Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Ascorbic Acid -20%, Ethoxydiglycol, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Phenoxyethanol, Polysorbate 20, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Mushroom Extract (Tricholoma Matsutake Singer)-Enzymes- Alcohol, Sodium Sulfite, Disodium EDTA

[ pH: 3.00 ]

The Anti-Wrinkle Eye Cream is formulated to reduce puffiness, enhances firmness, strengthens connective tissues, and to help diminish dark circles around the eye area. In contrast to the A&M Eye Recovery Therapy, the Anti-Wrinkle Eye Cream concentrates on the upper layers of the skin, making it a great day moisturizer for the eyes.

Directions: Apply around the eye area with the ring finger once daily. For best results, follow with a moisturizer and solar protection.

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anti-aging stem cells - Lucrece

Marketing directly to consumers -- in some cases desperate patients in failing health -- most advertised types of stem cell treatments do not fit within the Food and Drug Administration's regulations.

"When you go on the Internet, what comes up, the first thing you see are these businesses," said Leigh Turner, co-author of the study. He added that many sites appear to intentionally blur the distinctions between approved, evidence-based scientific practices and quack procedures. "The websites are well-done, with links to scientific studies and patient testimonials."

However, the only stem cell treatments explicitly approved for use in the United States are versions of bone marrow transplants or hematopoietic stem cell (isolated from blood or bone marrow) transplants. According to Knoepfler, the FDA considers stem cells "drugs" in most cases. However, unlike other drugs, stem cells consist of living cells that often behave in unpredictable ways that may not be controlled or reversible. They can grow inside your body, move around and change.

To address what they called an urgent need for information about stem cell research in the United States, Turner and Knoepfler performed keyword searches, text mining and content analysis of the websites they discovered.

They found 570 stem cell clinics distributed across the country, though with some clustering. "Hot spot" cities included Beverly Hills, California (18); New York (14); San Antonio (13); Los Angeles (12); Austin, Texas (11); Scottsdale, Arizona (11); and Phoenix (10).

Most of the businesses marketed autologous stem cell-based interventions, using cells derived from the patient's own body. About one in five advertised allogeneic stem cell interventions, using cells derived from someone else. Some clinics marketed both.

The clinics marketing allogenic treatments sourced their cells from amniotic material (17%), placental tissue (3.4%) and umbilical cords (0.6%).

Most of the autologous treatments use fat adipose-derived stem cells. "The fat cell stem cell area is really complicated," said Knoepfler, a professor at the UC Davis School of Medicine, explaining that the clinics tend to use these cells for conditions that have nothing to do with fat -- such as neurological conditions -- and so these interventions are higher-risk.

Some clinics advertise treatments for cosmetic applications, including "stem cell facelifts," "stem cell breast augmentation" and sexual enhancement procedures. Other centers offer interventions for 30 or more diseases and injuries, including popular orthopedic conditions, neurological disorders, degenerative conditions, spinal cord injuries and cardiac diseases. Sometimes, the doctors involved are working in an unfamiliar field; a dermatologist, say, presenting a stem cell therapy for a neurological condition.

"What a lot of us are wondering is: What's going on with the FDA?" Knoepfler said, explaining how he and Turner have emailed and talked with people at some of the clinics. A common reply was, "You can say we are not compliant, but the FDA hasn't contacted us or done anything in that area ... and absent of warning letters from the FDA, we think we're fine."

According to Turner, an associate professor in the Center for Bioethics at the University of Minnesota, the harm is that often people are not making a choice to participate in research; they don't even know that what they'll be receiving is something that should be deemed experimental. It's easy to imagine people with a mixture of desperation, hope and willingness to try anything to save their lives.

"The people we're talking about are just like us. They're us; we're them," Turner said. "How loose and immoral a marketplace are we willing to allow?"

CNN contacted the FDA to learn how many people have complained about adverse events or bad outcomes following a stem cell procedure. However, a Freedom of Information Act application is required to learn the number of medical complications reported to the agency.

The rest is here:
Unapproved stem cell companies thriving in America - cnn.com

Topping the list of predatory business schemes, direct-to-consumer clinics peddling unproven stem cell therapies may be right up there with payday loans and Shkreli-esque drug pricing. Such clinics can tout dangerous, often exorbitantly priced treatments. They frequently target the vulnerable and desperate, including terminal cancer patients, parents of autistic children, and grown children of parents with Alzheimers or Parkinsons disease. And the results can range from placebos to bones in eyelids and scary growths on spinal cords.

We tend to think this kind of quackery only thrives in countries with lax regulations like China, India, or Mexico. The phrase stem cell tourism usually evokes a plane trip. But stem cell therapies are unexpectedly flourishing in the US and may only require a short car trip.

In an analysis published this week in Cell Stem Cell, researchers identified a startling 351 businesses, encompassing 570 clinics across the US, that offer stem cell therapies largely unproven and unapproved by the Food and Drug Administration. Without peer-reviewed evidence, these businesses and clinics claim their therapies can treat dozens of diseases, injuries, and cosmetic indications, including joint pain, autism, spinal cord injuries, muscular dystrophy, and breast augmentation. Costs can reach into tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars for treatments.

Our analysis should serve as a valuable resource for contemporary debate concerning whether the US marketplace for stem cell interventions is adequately monitored and regulated by the FDA, the Federal Trade Commission, state medical boards, and other agencies tasked with promoting patient safety and accurate advertising, the authors conclude.

Stem cells, some of which can differentiate into nearly any type of cell in the body, do hold enormous promise for many types of treatments. But so far, the only type of stem cell treatment that has been scientifically verified and approved by the FDA involves stem cells from bone marrow or blood that are used in transplants to treat cancers or other disorders that affect the immune system and blood. Clinics using these approved treatments may be safe and fall in line with FDA rules.

However, many clinics are likely not in that category. Seizing the scientific excitement, these clinics have made overblown or bogus claims that stem cells can treat or cure a wide variety of other ailments. And they have strayed into using several cell types. In their analysis, Leigh Turner, a bioethicist at the University of Minnesota, and Paul Knoepfler, a stem cell researcher at University of California, Davis, found clinics advertising stem cells made from patients fat, placental stem cells (of origins unknown), and cells that are likely not stem cells of any kind, as well as bovine amniotic cells.

So far, many of these clinics have largely escaped regulatory wrath, perhaps because in the past they mostly extracted patient cells, did some insignificant manipulation to them, and then returned them to the same patient. Procedures like these may have relatively few hazards. However, with the apparent boom of the stem cell industry, the FDA is now moving forward with a draft guidance that would classify most stem cells used in clinics as drugs, which require a tough approval process.

By spotlighting the breadth of the stem cell industry currently in the US, Turner and Knoepfler hope to help the FDA and other regulatory agencies curb the dangerous effects of unproven treatments. For instance, just last week The New York Times wrote about the case of Jim Gass, who spent hundreds of thousands of dollars to get stem cell treatments from Mexico, China, and Argentina that were said to help him recover from a stroke. When he returned to the US, surgeons found a large bloody mass of primitive cells aggressively taking over his lower spinal column. The cells did not belong to Gass. And in another case several years ago, a woman who received a stem cell-based facelift treatment from a clinic in California had to have bone fragments surgically removed from her eyelid months later.

Editor's Note: This story has been updated to clarify that not all stem cells can differentiate into nearly every type of cell in the body.

Cell Stem Cell, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.06.007

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Stem cells from cattle, placentas, and fat are used in ...

At a microscopic level, we are all composed of cells. Look at yourself in a mirror -- what you see is about 10 trillion cells divided into about 200 different types. Our muscles are made of muscle cells, our livers of liver cells, and there are even very specialized types of cells that make the enamel for our teeth or the clear lenses in our eyes!

If you want to understand how your body works, you need to understand cells. Everything from reproduction to infections to repairing a broken bone happens down at the cellular level. If you want to understand new frontiers like biotechnology and genetic engineering, you need to understand cells as well.

Anyone who reads the paper or any of the scientific magazines (Scientific American, Discover, Popular Science) is aware that genes are BIG news these days. Here are some of the terms you commonly see:

Gene science and genetics are rapidly changing the face of medicine, agriculture and even the legal system!

In this article, we'll delve down to the molecular level to completely understand how cells work. We'll look at the simplest cells possible: bacteria cells. By understanding how bacteria work, you can understand the basic mechanisms of all of the cells in your body. This is a fascinating topic both because of its very personal nature and the fact that it makes these news stories so much clearer and easier to understand. Also, once you understand how cells work, you will be able to answer other related questions like these:

All of these questions have obvious answers once you understand how cells work -- so let's get started!

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How Cells Work | HowStuffWorks

Singapore: Researchers at the Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, have discovered that stem cells harvested from fat (adipose) are more potent than those collected from bone marrow in helping to modulate the body's immune system. The research, which was led by led by Dr Helene Roelofs, has been published in in the current issue of Stem Cells Translational Medicine.

For the study, the team used stem cells collected from the bone marrow and fat tissue of age-matched donors. They compared the cells' ability to regulate the immune system in vitro and found that the two performed similarly, although it took a smaller dose for the adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AT-SCs) to achieve the same effect on the immune cells. When it came to secreting cytokines, the cell signaling molecules that regulate the immune system, the AT-SCs also outperformed the bone marrow-derived cells.

The finding could have significant implications in developing new stem-cell-based therapies, as AT-SCs are far more plentiful in the body than those found in bone marrow and can be collected from waste material from liposuction procedures.

Dr Roelofs said that, "Adipose tissue is an interesting alternative since it contains approximately a 500-fold higher frequency of stem cells and tissue collection is simple. Moreover, 400,000 liposuctions a year are performed in the U.S. alone, where the aspirated adipose tissue is regarded as waste and could be collected without any additional burden or risk for the donor. This all adds up to make AT-SC a good alternative to bone marrow stem cells for developing new therapies."

Dr Anthony Atala, editor, Stem Cells Translational Medicine, and director, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, US, said that, "Cells from bone marrow and from fat were equivalent in terms of their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. The fact that the cells from fat tissue seem to be more potent at suppressing the immune system suggest their promise in clinical therapies."

See the article here:
Stem cells from fat outperform those from bone marrow ...

At a Glance

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Breast augmentation with stem cell-enriched autologous fat (cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL)), enables breast augmentation to be carried out without using silicone or other artificial fillers, without the use of scalpels or general anesthesia, leaving no scars and with no negative effects on the natural breast function.

This procedure is suitable for women who always wanted to have larger breasts and also for those whose original breast volume has decreased, e.g., by breastfeeding or weight loss. Augmentation of around one half up to two cup sizes is usually possible with one intervention.

After an in-depth advice and medical consultation, you can schedule an appointment for surgery at a date of your choice.

Breast augmentation is carried out on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia in our specially-equipped operating rooms. The procedure takes approx. 3 to 4 hours.

We use liposuction to harvest the autologous fat required for obtaining stem cells and the actual breast augmentation. Liposculpture is a special form of liposuction, whereby we extract fat from the bodys fat depots by suction. This method is done by hand and is gentle on the tissue. We never use suction machines or scalpels.

Thin microcannulas with a diameter of 1.0 to 2.5 millimeters are used for liposuction or alternatively, conventional regular cannulas with a diameter of 3.0 millimeters upwards. Experience has shown that microcannulas have to be used on very slim women to harvest sufficient fat.

A part of your autologous fat is used to obtain your own bodys stem cells, which is processed with the remaining body fat in clean room conditions, and injected into your breasts.

Using this stem cell-enriched fat, a considerably longer-lasting result can be achieved than with other methods of autologous fat transfer. In the long term, normally a large part of the volume introduced is retained, which is why one intervention usually suffices.

Aftercare is relatively straightforward: You must wear a bandage overnight and wear compression garments afterwards. If regular cannulas were used, you need to wear the compression garments for 6 to 8 weeks; if liposuction was carried out with microcannulas, usually they have to be worn for 1 week. A sports bra should be worn for approx. 4 weeks.

You usually should be able to go back to work 1 to 2 days after having breast augmentation with stem cell-enriched autologous fat. It is important that you do not lift anything heavy during the first few weeks after surgery. Wear comfortable loose clothing over the compression garments to cover up your little secret.

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Perfect Skin by DDr.Heinrich Beauty Drink

The type of sport and your individual healing process determine when you will be able to begin sports again. We will monitor your health during the healing process and give you recommendations tailored to your needs.

The positive results of breast augmentation with autologous stem cells can be seen by their natural appearance and youthful firmness. Since the additional volume consists exclusively of your bodys own material, the augmented breast feels absolutely real and looks natural in any posture, whether you are at rest or moving. Additionally, the local rejuvenating effect of the stem cells often gives the breasts a younger, firmer and more toned appearance.

Breast augmentation of approx. one half up to two cup sizes can be achieved with one intervention. Augmentations of around one cup size are typical. The punctures on the breast made by injection needles almost always heal with scars invisible to the naked eye, just as when blood samples are taken.

After breast augmentation with stem cell-enriched autologous fat, normally a large part of the new breast volume is retained for years. Refreshments are therefore mostly unnecessary.

See the article here:
Breast Augmentation with Autologous Fat and Stem Cells ...

Adult Stem Cells (ASCs), by definition, are unspecialized or undifferentiated cells that not only retain their ability to divide mitotically while still maintaining their undifferentiated state but also, given the right conditions, have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells including cells of different germ-origin an ability referred to as transdifferentiation or plasticity.1,2 In vitro, the conditions under which transdifferentiation occurs can be brought about by modifying the culture medium in which the cells are cultured. In vivo, the same changes are seen when the ASCs are transplanted into a tissue environment different to their own tissue-of origin. Though the exact mechanism of this transdifferentiation of ASCs is still under debate, this ability of ASCs along with their ability to self-renew is of great interest in the field of Regenerative Medicine as a therapeutic tool in being able to regenerate and replace dying, damaged or diseased tissue.

Clinically, however, there are a few criteria that ASCs need to fulfill before they can be viewed as a viable option in Regenerative Medicine. These are as follows:3

Adds Millions of Stem Cells Back into Circulation.

Adipose Tissue Yields an Abundance of ASCs

Compared to any other source, the high concentrations of regenerative cells found in adipose tissue (depots of fat for storing energy) especially in the abdominal region, by sheer volume of availability, ensure an abundance in number of ASCs ranging in the millions per unit volume. The sheer number available also has the added advantage of not needing to be cultured in a laboratory over days in order to get the desired number of ASCs to achieve what is called therapeutic threshold i.e. therapeutic benefit. In addition, harvesting ASCs from adipose tissue through simple, minimally invasive liposuction under local anesthesia is relatively easier and painless and poses minimal risk to the patient compared to all other possible methods.

Adipose tissue ASCs (AT-ASCs) are extremely similar to stem cells isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs). The similarities in profile between the two types of ASCs range from morphology to growth to transcriptional and cell surface phenotypes.4,5 Their similarity extends also to their developmental behavior both in vitro and in vivo. This has led to suggestions that adipose-derived stem cells are in fact a mesenchymal stem cell fraction present within adipose tissue.6

Clinically, however, stromal vascular fraction-derived AT-ASCs have the advantage over their bone marrow-derived counterparts, because of their abundance in numbers eliminating the need for culturing over days to obtain a therapeutically viable number and the ease of the harvest procedure itself being less painful than the harvest of bone marrow. This, in theory, means that an autologous transplant of adipose-derived ASCs will not only work in much the same way as the successes shown using marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplant, but also be of minimal risk to the patient.

AT-ASCs, like BM-ASCs, are called Mesenchymal ASCs because they are both of mesodermal germ-origin. This means that AT-ASCs are able to differentiate into specialized cells of mesodermal origin such as adipocytes, fibroblasts, myocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes.7,8,9 AT-ASCs are also able (given the right conditions of growth factors) to transdifferentiate into cells of germ-origin other than their own. Animal model and human studies have shown AT-ASCs to undergo cardiomyogenic 10, endothelial (vascular)11, pancreatic (endocrine) 12, neurogenic 13, and hepatic trans-differentiation14 , while also supporting haematopoesis15.

Low Risk to the Patient

PhotoActivate ASCs for Stem Cell Treatment with AdiLight-2

Autologous transplant of SVF AT-ASCs also poses extremely low risk to the patient when done as a single procedure in a sterile surgical operating room setting. Furthermore, it is postulated that SVF AT-ASCs due to their immunosuppressive properties may be transplanted into not only autologous but also allogenic tissues without initiating a cytotoxic T-cell response.16 We at AdiStem believe autologous transplant to be the safest and most viable option.

It is noteworthy that the protocol devised by AdiStem for the procurement of SVF AT-ASCs does not overlook the therapeutic potential conferred by the cocktail of ingredients present in the SVF. Let us look at this cocktail of cells, proteins and growth factors in a little more detail.

The extracellular matrix of adipose tissue contains different types of Collagen such as Types 1, 3-4, 7, 14-15, 18 and 27 to name a few.6 This is important in AdiStems Fat Transfer protocol where freshly isolated fat is used as a filler in augmentation or post-lumpectomy reconstruction of the breast and in the augmentation of the penis, and where collagen provides the structural support required for cell survival.

Furthermore, the extracellular matrix plays an important role in adipocyte endocrine secretions, and release of growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), among others all of which are contained in the SVF.17 This is consistent with the secretions of cells in the presence of an extracellular matrix. The SVF also contains the various proteins present in the adipose tissue extracellular matrix of which Laminin is of interest due to its ability to help in neural regeneration.6

The cellular composition of the SVF ranges from pre-adipocytes to endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, and AT-ASCs. Typically, the SVF also contains blood cells from the capillaries supplying the fat cells. These include erythrocytes, B and T cells, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, to name a few. The latter two types of cells, namely the hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells play important roles in supporting the viability of existing blood vessels and helping create new ones respectively.

We believe that these other ingredients that make up the SVF cocktail act as an adjuvant to further augment the effect of the autologous transplant of SVF AT-ASCs.

PhotoActivate ASCs for Stem Cell Treatment with AdiLight-2 for Joint Pain

Stem Cell Expansion is Unnecessary

An important point to note is that there is still debate whether freshly isolated ASCs are functionally similar to ASCs which have undergone expansion.18 We believe this debate to be of little consequence because of the high concentrations of regenerative cells we are able to harvest. Expansion is therefore unnecessary. Moreover, our own preliminary results in human subjects (n=32), where wound-healing was tested by the introduction of freshly isolated ASCs into the wound showed more than promising results. It must be stated however, that isolates from the lipoaspirate on its own proved less effective than when the isolates were introduced into either a proprietary Activation Medium containing known growth factor stimulators of stem cells in addition to the patients own platelet-derived growth factors (using PRPKit) for one hour before being re-introduced into the patient.

Centrifuge Separates Dormant Stems Cells From the Fat.

ASCs Require Activation for Full Functionality

The observations stated above confirm that Adipose-derived ASCs though large in number lie dormant within the adipose tissue and that they require activation to come into full functionality for more successful implantation into the host tissue and to begin self-renewal by cell division and formation of other cell types by differentiation and transdifferentiation. This is also in line with the theory that ASCs are called into action only when the tissues within which they reside are dying, damaged or diseased. Further preliminary testing to increase the functionality of the Adipose-derived ASCs using specific frequencies of monochromatic light (LED Technology AdiLight-2) the specifics of which we prefer not to disclose at this time has also revealed significant results.

AdiStem Phase I/II Clinical Trials in Humans on the Safety and Efficacy of Administration of Activated Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Adult Stem Cells are ongoing and at several stages of completion at various centers around the world for Management of Type II Diabetes, Breast Reconstruction Post-Lumpectomy, Management and Healing of Chronic Diabetic Ulcers and for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Future research areas which have shown promising results in our initial case studies are Osteoarthritis, Emphysema, Stroke, Heart Failure and early stage Parkinsons Disease.

See Where Activated Stem Cells Go

Patents Have Been Filed

AdiStem Ltd. has filed multiple Australian Innovation Patents and multiple International PCT Patents on its methodology of extraction of adipose-derived ASCs from adipose tissue and various methodologies for activating ASCs.

Stem Cells and PRP

AdiStem Stem Cell Kits include standard PRP components. Growth factors (GFs) from the patients own circulating blood platelets are used to activate the adipose-derived ASCs harvested from the same patient.

Wound healing is a complex process, involving a mechanism of complex cascading regulatory events at both the molecular and cellular levels.19,20 Growth factors (GFs) are secreted by a wide variety of cells to regulate the wound healing process in an orderly manner.21,22 Over the last decade, various GFs, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-), have been used to accelerate the healing process.23-27

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as a storage vehicle of growth factors, is a new application of tissue engineering which was considered for the application of growth factors. PRP is a concentration of platelets in plasma developed by gradient density centrifugation.28 It contains many growth factors, such as PDGF, TGF-, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), etc.29,30 And it has been successfully used in a variety of clinical applications for improving hard and soft tissue healing.31-35 Platelet-rich plasma has also been shown to enhance the proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells.36

The (stem cell) procedure involves the taking of blood during or just prior to the patients adipose tissue extraction procedure. Platelets are isolated from the blood and then activated to release their growth factors before photoactivation with AdiLight-2. The adipose-derived ASCs are then mixed with the growth factors containing plasma and activated in the AdiLight-2 for 20 minutes prior to being administered to the patient.

See AdiLight-2 Activation Science & Technology

References

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AdiStem -- Adult Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue ...

Earlier this week, researchers from Yale University demonstrated a connection between fat derived stem cells (fatty or adipose stem cells) and hair follicle stimulation and new hair growth in mice.

During the experiment, the team found a correlation between the number of precursor fat cells (fatty stem cells) surrounding hair follicles and the number of follicles capable of entering the anagen growth phase and producing terminal hairs in mice.

In fatty stem cell deficient mice (with little to no fat cells surrounding the hair follicles), the follicles remained in the dormant, telogen phase and caused noticeable baldness. The researchers injected these deficient mice with fat (containing the fatty stem cells) derived from healthy donors and found normal follicle function and new hair growth within two weeks.

According to the research team, the new hair growth and reversal of follicle dormancy, which was noted in 86% of resting hair follicles treated with the injected stem cells, is likely caused by a platelet derived growth factor produced by the fatty stem cells in amounts 100 times greater than the average cell.

In an interview with BBC news, Dr. Valerie Horsley, a member of the Yale research team, claimed:If we can get these fat cells in the skin to talk to the dormant stem cells at the base of hair follicles, we might be able to get hair to grow again.

At this point in time, the researchers claim these results are seen exclusively in mice and may not be reproduced in human trials. However, the study definitely represents an exciting development in the search for non-invasive, cellular-based hair loss treatments.

To review the published study, click here. _______________ Blake Bloxham formerly Future_HT_Doc

Editorial Assistant and Forum Co-Moderator for the Hair Transplant Network, the Hair Loss Learning Center, the Hair Loss Q&A Blog, and the Hair Restoration Forum

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Technorati Tags: stem cells, adipose stem cells, hair follicle, precursor fat cells, fatty stem cells, anagen growth phase, baldness, hair growth, injected stem cells, hair loss

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Fat Stem Cells Induce New Hair Growth in Hair Loss ...

Fat vs. Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Orthopedics: More Research Showing Marrow is Better

We dont much care where you get your stem cells, as long as the source of the stem cells matches the tissue youre trying to repair. Theproblemwith stem cells is that certain sources produce stem cells more capable of repairing certain tissues and stem cells from other sources are less capable. The general rule of thumb is, the closer the stem cells are to the structure in need or repair, the better they are at repairing that area. This makes sense at face value, as these resident stem cells in all of our tissues have a role inmaintainingand repairing that local organ or tissue. As an example, fat stem cells from your belly or thigh would be good at repairing the local tissues like skin, nerves, blood vessels, etcSo it wasnt surprising to see yet another study showingthatbone marrow stem cells are better at repairing bone than fat based stem cells. This fits with many other studies showing that bone marrow stem cells are much better at repairing orthopedic tissues than fat derived stem cells. This again makes sense, as why would stem cells from belly fat have any role in repairing bone? At the end of the day, rooting for one type of stem cell because thats all the doctor knows how to harvest is like rooting for only one stem cell sports team and not recognizing that all stem cell teams have their positives andnegatives. For example, stem cells derived from fat are much better for cosmetic work and structural fat grafts than stem cells derived from bone marrow. So why fit a square peg into a round hole or use a hammer when a wrench is needed? Use the stem cell source that fits the job!

Disclaimer: Like all medical procedures, Regenexx Procedures have a success & failure rate. Not all patients will experience the same results.

If you liked this post, you may really enjoy this book by the same author - Dr. Chris Centeno

Written by Regenexx Founder, Dr. Chris Centeno, this 150 page book explains the Regenexx approach to patients and orthopedic conditions. Whether youre are an existing patient or simply interested in the human body and how everything in the body ties together, you will enjoy exploring this book in-depth. With hyperlinks to more detailed information, related studies and commentary, this book condenses a huge amount of data and resources into an enjoyable and entertaining read.

Chris Centeno, M.D. is a specialist in regenerative medicine and the new field of Interventional Orthopedics.

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Fat vs. Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Orthopedics: More ...

The science behind stem cells sounds like a plot from a Jules Vern novel, but luckily for us the use of stem cells, and their effectiveness, is all very real.

When people get to talking about stem cells it can lead some to jump to the defense of using them. The stem cells that we are going to be talking about in this article are ones that are harvested from our own bodies - not embryos. That's exactly what makes this new stem cell research so exciting - it's not only ethically and morally viable, it's actually safer and more effective to use the body'sown stem cells.

The type of stem cells that are used to treat hair loss are harvested from your own fat and are called Autologous Adipose Adult stem cells, or A.A.A.

stem cells. This two-step hair regeneration process begins with the stem cells being collected with a minimally invasive liposuction procedure which is accompanied by a local anesthetic.

Once the A.A.A stem cells have been collected, they are separated from the fatty tissue. They will then undergo an in vitro culturing process to multiply the cells and guarantee that there are enough to use for the hair regeneration treatment. The stem cells are then applied to the treatment area via injections using a microscopic needle. This is an outpatient treatment and most patients report only mild discomfort during the procedure.

You should start to see some hair regeneration results in as little as 2-4 weeks, and like other hair loss treatments, this one seems to be most effective on areas where hair loss has happened recently.

So how does the use of stem cells cause hair to grow on our heads? All of us have stem cells in our hair's follicle, but when these follicles get old or damaged they can no longer jump-start the hair regeneration process.

This can be due to genetic factors, stress, or even trauma to the hair follicle.

By injecting stem cells into the pores of the scalp, scientists have found that they can get the skin's fat layer to send molecular signals to the cells in the follicle, which then results in new hair growth.

The use of stem cells as a hair loss treatment holds many benefits. The first one being that it is an outpatient treatment, and unlike other hair loss treatments, you only have to do it once. Topical hair loss treatments need to be used daily, and hair transplants can be a costly and painful procedure. By using Autologous stem cells, you are using a 100% natural product that has been found to be completely safe and effective.

Results do vary with stem cell treatments for hair loss, but clinical studies have shown that the results are permanent once the hair has grown back.

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Using Own Fat Stem Cells for Curing Hair Loss

In biology, adipose tissue i or body fat or just fat is loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. In addition to adipocytes, adipose tissue contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells (i.e., adipose tissue macrophages [ATMs]). Adipose tissue is derived from preadipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and insulates the body. Far from hormonally inert, adipose tissue has, in recent years, been recognized as a major endocrine organ,[1] as it produces hormones such as leptin, estrogen, resistin, and the cytokine TNF. Moreover, adipose tissue can affect other organ systems of the body and may lead to disease. The two types of adipose tissue are white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores energy, and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which generates body heat. The formation of adipose tissue appears to be controlled in part by the adipose gene. Adipose tissue more specifically brown adipose tissue was first identified by the Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner in 1551.[2]

In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow), intermuscular (Muscular system) and in the breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Apart from adipocytes, which comprise the highest percentage of cells within adipose tissue, other cell types are present, collectively termed stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells. SVF includes preadipocytes, fibroblasts, adipose tissue macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels. In the integumentary system, which includes the skin, it accumulates in the deepest level, the subcutaneous layer, providing insulation from heat and cold. Around organs, it provides protective padding. However, its main function is to be a reserve of lipids, which can be burned to meet the energy needs of the body and to protect it from excess glucose by storing triglycerides produced by the liver from sugars, although some evidence suggests that most lipid synthesis from carbohydrates occurs in the adipose tissue itself.[3] Adipose depots in different parts of the body have different biochemical profiles. Under normal conditions, it provides feedback for hunger and diet to the brain.

Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines and the omental depot (which originates near the stomach and spleen) and- when massive- extends into the ventral abdomen. Both the mesenteric and omental depots incorporate much lymphoid tissue as lymph nodes and milky spots, respectively. The two superficial depots are the paired inguinal depots, which are found anterior to the upper segment of the hind limbs (underneath the skin) and the subscapular depots, paired medial mixtures of brown adipose tissue adjacent to regions of white adipose tissue, which are found under the skin between the dorsal crests of the scapulae. The layer of brown adipose tissue in this depot is often covered by a "frosting" of white adipose tissue; sometimes these two types of fat (brown and white) are hard to distinguish. The inguinal depots enclose the inguinal group of lymph nodes. Minor depots include the pericardial, which surrounds the heart, and the paired popliteal depots, between the major muscles behind the knees, each containing one large lymph node.[4] Of all the depots in the mouse, the gonadal depots are the largest and the most easily dissected,[5] comprising about 30% of dissectible fat.[6]

In an obese person, excess adipose tissue hanging downward from the abdomen is referred to as a panniculus (or pannus). A panniculus complicates surgery of the morbidly obese individual. It may remain as a literal "apron of skin" if a severely obese person quickly loses large amounts of fat (a common result of gastric bypass surgery). This condition cannot be effectively corrected through diet and exercise alone, as the panniculus consists of adipocytes and other supporting cell types shrunken to their minimum volume and diameter.[citation needed] Reconstructive surgery is one method of treatment.

Visceral fat or abdominal fat[7] (also known as organ fat or intra-abdominal fat) is located inside the abdominal cavity, packed between the organs (stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, etc.). Visceral fat is different from subcutaneous fat underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat interspersed in skeletal muscles. Fat in the lower body, as in thighs and buttocks, is subcutaneous and is not consistently spaced tissue, whereas fat in the abdomen is mostly visceral and semi-fluid.[8] Visceral fat is composed of several adipose depots, including mesenteric, epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and perirenal depots. Visceral fat is considered adipose tissue whereas subcutaneous fat is not considered as such.[citation needed]

An excess of visceral fat is known as central obesity, or "belly fat", in which the abdomen protrudes excessively and new developments such as the Body Volume Index (BVI) are specifically designed to measure abdominal volume and abdominal fat. Excess visceral fat is also linked to type 2 diabetes,[9]insulin resistance,[10]inflammatory diseases,[11] and other obesity-related diseases.[12]

Men are more likely to have fat stored in the belly due to sex hormone differences. Female sex hormone causes fat to be stored in the buttocks, thighs, and hips in women.[13][14] When women reach menopause and the estrogen produced by the ovaries declines, fat migrates from the buttocks, hips and thighs to the waist;[15] later fat is stored in the abdomen.[16]

High-intensity exercise is one way to effectively reduce total abdominal fat.[17][18] One study suggests at least 10 MET-hours per week of aerobic exercise is required for visceral fat reduction.[19]

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a particular form of visceral fat deposited around the heart and found to be a metabolically active organ that generates various bioactive molecules, which might significantly affect cardiac function.[20] Marked component differences have been observed in comparing EAT with subcutaneous fat, suggesting a depot specific impact of stored fatty acids on adipocyte function and metabolism.[21]

Most of the remaining nonvisceral fat is found just below the skin in a region called the hypodermis.[22] This subcutaneous fat is not related to many of the classic obesity-related pathologies, such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke, and some evidence even suggests it might be protective.[23] The typically female (or gynecoid) pattern of body fat distribution around the hips, thighs, and buttocks is subcutaneous fat, and therefore poses less of a health risk compared to visceral fat.[24]

Like all other fat organs, subcutaneous fat is an active part of the endocrine system, secreting the hormones leptin and resistin.[22]

The relationship between the subcutaneous adipose layer and total body fat in a person is often modelled by using regression equations. The most popular of these equations was formed by Durnin and Wormersley, who rigorously tested many types of skinfold, and, as a result, created two formulae to calculate the body density of both men and women. These equations present an inverse correlation between skinfolds and body densityas the sum of skinfolds increases, the body density decreases.[25]

Factors such as sex, age, population size or other variables may make the equations invalid and unusable, and, as of 2012[update], Durnin and Wormersley's equations remain only estimates of a person's true level of fatness. New formulae are still being created.[25]

Ectopic fat is the storage of triglycerides in tissues other than adipose tissue, that are supposed to contain only small amounts of fat, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and pancreas. This can interfere with cellular functions and hence organ function and is associated with insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes.[26] It is stored in relatively high amounts around the organs of the abdominal cavity, but is not to be confused as visceral fat.

The specific cause for the accumulation of ectopic fat is unknown. The cause is likely a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that are involved in excess energy intake and decreased physical activity. Substantial weight loss can reduce ectopic fat stores in all organs and this is associated with an improvement of the function of that organ.[26]

Free fatty acids are liberated from lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and enter the adipocyte, where they are reassembled into triglycerides by esterifying it onto glycerol. Human fat tissue contains about 87% lipids.

There is a constant flux of FFA (Free Fatty Acids) entering and leaving adipose tissue. The net direction of this flux is controlled by insulin and leptinif insulin is elevated there is a net inward flux of FFA, and only when insulin is low can FFA leave adipose tissue. Insulin secretion is stimulated by high blood sugar, which results from consuming carbohydrates.

In humans, lipolysis (hydrolysis of triglycerides into free fatty acids) is controlled through the balanced control of lipolytic B-adrenergic receptors and a2A-adrenergic receptor-mediated antilipolysis.

Fat cells have an important physiological role in maintaining triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, as well as determining insulin resistance. Abdominal fat has a different metabolic profilebeing more prone to induce insulin resistance. This explains to a large degree why central obesity is a marker of impaired glucose tolerance and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (even in the absence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension).[27] Studies of female monkeys at Wake Forest University (2009) discovered that individuals suffering from higher stress have higher levels of visceral fat in their bodies. This suggests a possible cause-and-effect link between the two, wherein stress promotes the accumulation of visceral fat, which in turn causes hormonal and metabolic changes that contribute to heart disease and other health problems.[28]

Recent advances in biotechnology have allowed for the harvesting of adult stem cells from adipose tissue, allowing stimulation of tissue regrowth using a patient's own cells. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells from both human and animals reportedly can be efficiently reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells without the need for feeder cells.[29] The use of a patient's own cells reduces the chance of tissue rejection and avoids ethical issues associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells.[30] A growing body of evidence also suggests that different fat depots (i.e abdominal, omental, pericardial) yield adipose-derived stem cells with different characteristics.[30][31] These depot-dependent features include proliferation rate, immunophenotype, differentiation potential, gene expression, as well as sensitivity to hypoxic culture conditions.[32]

Adipose tissue is the greatest peripheral source of aromatase in both males and females,[citation needed] contributing to the production of estradiol.

Adipose derived hormones include:

Adipose tissues also secrete a type of cytokines (cell-to-cell signalling proteins) called adipokines (adipocytokines), which play a role in obesity-associated complications. Perivascular adipose tissue releases adipokines such as adiponectin that affect the contractile function of the vessels that they surround.[33]

A specialized form of adipose tissue in humans, most rodents and small mammals, and some hibernating animals, is brown fat or brown adipose tissue. It is located mainly around the neck and large blood vessels of the thorax. This specialized tissue can generate heat by "uncoupling" the respiratory chain of oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria. The process of uncoupling means that when protons transit down the electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, the energy from this process is released as heat rather than being used to generate ATP. This thermogenic process may be vital in neonates exposed to cold, which then require this thermogenesis to keep warm, as they are unable to shiver, or take other actions to keep themselves warm.[34]

Attempts to simulate this process pharmacologically have so far been unsuccessful. Techniques to manipulate the differentiation of "brown fat" could become a mechanism for weight loss therapy in the future, encouraging the growth of tissue with this specialized metabolism without inducing it in other organs.

Until recently, brown adipose tissue was thought to be primarily limited to infants in humans, but new evidence has now overturned that belief. Metabolically active tissue with temperature responses similar to brown adipose was first reported in the neck and trunk of some human adults in 2007,[35] and the presence of brown adipose in human adults was later verified histologically in the same anatomical regions.[36][37][38]

The thrifty gene hypothesis (also called the famine hypothesis) states that in some populations the body would be more efficient at retaining fat in times of plenty, thereby endowing greater resistance to starvation in times of food scarcity. This hypothesis, originally advanced in the context of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, has been discredited by physical anthropologists, physiologists, and the original proponent of the idea himself with respect to that context, although according to its developer it remains "as viable as when [it was] first advanced" in other contexts.[39][40]

In 1995, Jeffrey Friedman, in his residency at the Rockefeller University, together with Rudolph Leibel, Douglas Coleman et al. discovered the protein leptin that the genetically obese mouse lacked.[41][42][43] Leptin is produced in the white adipose tissue and signals to the hypothalamus. When leptin levels drop, the body interprets this as a loss of energy, and hunger increases. Mice lacking this protein eat until they are four times their normal size.

Leptin, however, plays a different role in diet-induced obesity in rodents and humans. Because adipocytes produce leptin, leptin levels are elevated in the obese. However, hunger remains, and- when leptin levels drop due to weight loss- hunger increases. The drop of leptin is better viewed as a starvation signal than the rise of leptin as a satiety signal.[44] However, elevated leptin in obesity is known as leptin resistance. The changes that occur in the hypothalamus to result in leptin resistance in obesity are currently the focus of obesity research.[45]

Gene defects in the leptin gene (ob) are rare in human obesity.[46] As of July, 2010, only 14 individuals from five families have been identified worldwide who carry a mutated ob gene (one of which was the first ever identified cause of genetic obesity in humans)two families of Pakistani origin living in the UK, one family living in Turkey, one in Egypt, and one in Austria[47][48][49][50][51]and two other families have been found that carry a mutated ob receptor.[52][53] Others have been identified as genetically partially deficient in leptin, and, in these individuals, leptin levels on the low end of the normal range can predict obesity.[54]

Several mutations of genes involving the melanocortins (used in brain signaling associated with appetite) and their receptors have also been identified as causing obesity in a larger portion of the population than leptin mutations.[55]

In 2007, researchers isolated the adipose gene, which those researchers hypothesize serves to keep animals lean during times of plenty. In that study, increased adipose gene activity was associated with slimmer animals.[56] Although its discoverers dubbed this gene the adipose gene, it is not a gene responsible for creating adipose tissue.

Pre-adipocytes are undifferentiated fibroblasts that can be stimulated to form adipocytes. Recent studies shed light into potential molecular mechanisms in the fate determination of pre-asipocytes although the exact lineage of adipocyte is still unclear.[57][58]

Adipose tissue has a density of ~0.9g/ml.[59] Thus, a person with more adipose tissue will float more easily than a person of the same weight with more muscular tissue, since muscular tissue has a density of 1.06g/ml.[60]

A body fat meter is a widely available tool used to measure the percentage of fat in the human body. Different meters use various methods to determine the body fat to weight ratio. They tend to under-read body fat percentage.[61]

In contrast with clinical tools, one relatively inexpensive type of body fat meter uses the principle of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in order to determine an individual's body fat percentage. To achieve this, the meter passes a small, harmless, electric current through the body and measures the resistance, then uses information on the person's weight, height, age, and sex to calculate an approximate value for the person's body fat percentage. The calculation measures the total volume of water in the body (lean tissue and muscle contain a higher percentage of water than fat), and estimates the percentage of fat based on this information. The result can fluctuate several percentage points depending on what has been eaten and how much water has been drunk before the analysis.

Diagrammatic sectional view of the skin (magnified).

White adipose tissue in paraffin section

Electronic instrument of body fat meter

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Adipose tissue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There is no doubt that the most exciting frontier in medicine now is the use of stem cells. Stem cells have the power to restore beauty, heal damaged tissues, and the potential to treat and cure some diseases.

Up until recently the media has largely focused on the more controversial embryonic stem cells. These are stem cells derived from embryos. The potential uses of these cells to cure and treat diseases remain vast, but the controversial source of the cells poses ethical questions which have delayed medical progress.

During the past decade, researchers have discovered that stem cells can also be extracted from your own fat tissue. These adult stem cells have the same potential as embryonic stem cells, except for the ability to differentiate into sperm or ova. Unlike embryonal stem cells, stem cells extracted from your own fat are abundant, easily available, and pose no ethical or political controversy.

Due to FDA regulations, stem cell therapies to treat diseases are not yet available in the U.S. unless you are part of a clinical trial. In this capacity they are considered to be drug therapy and subject to very strict regulation. Therefore, patients not enrolled in these trials are currently traveling outside of the United States to get these therapies.

But using your own (autologous) stem cells to restore a more youthful appearance is available now, from experienced plastic surgeons here is the U.S. There is no need to travel to China, Korea, or Europe to get stem cell enhanced facial rejuvenation or breast augmentation. These therapies do not fall under the FDAs drug therapy classification and are therefore not regulated as such because: 1) the injections are performed in the same operative session as the liposuction procedure to remove the fat; 2) the stem cells have been only minimally manipulated; and 3) the stem cell enhanced fat transfer does not alter the original relevant biologic function of the stem cell. Thus, when the cosmetic enhancement is performed in the same operative session, it is not regulated by drug therapy guidelines.

However, if your autologous stem cells are reinjected in a separate or second operative session, it is unclear whether the FDA considers that application to be a drug therapy, even though it is used for the same cosmetic purpose. There is currently an intense legal debate about what constitutes drug therapy.

Plastic Surgeons have been extracting and reinjecting fat cells into tissues for over a decade. Experienced fat grafting surgeons have known that successful fat grafting is highly dependent on the techniques used for extracting, processing, and reinjection of the fat cells. Surgeons are beginning to understand that fat processing techniques which result in high concentrations of adult stem cells produce not only long lasting results, but also have therapeutic results in injured tissues.

To perform stem cell enhanced fat grafting, fat is first extracted by liposuction using low negative pressure. The fat is then processed. Proper fat processing techniques include centrifugation and decanting of the extracted fat. Long lasting results are only achieved with proper fat processing techniques.

In contrast, surgeons who rinse the tissue decrease stem cell adherence to fat cells, and do not increase the concentration of stem cells. These less concentrated grafts have a smaller percentage of success.

Reinjection of the fat must be performed in very small quantities and distributed through all tissue layers to facilitate reestablishment of blood flow to the fat grafts.

Examples of stem cell enhanced fat transfers which can be performed in the same operative session by plastic surgeons at the present time include:

Other areas of stem cell therapy which are being investigated and currently developed are:

Stem cell therapy is a paradigm shift in cosmetic surgery. Instead of the surgeon using his talents to create the illusion of a more youthful body, the surgeon guides your body to rejuvenate itself!!

By Dr. Ricardo L Rodriguez Board Certified Plastic Surgeon Baltimore, Maryland Ricardo L Rodriguez on Google +

Posted in Fat Stem Cells

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Stem Cells from Fat Plastic Surgerys New Frontier ...

For years Ive been writing about stem cell clinics that sell non-FDA approved stem cell treatments to vulnerable patients right here in America.

These clinics have been sprouting up like mushrooms across the US and their numbers may be above200 today overall. As a result perhaps it was inevitable that one would arrive in a locale near me.

Tomorrow, July 11, reportedly the Irvine Stem Cell Treatment Center will open a Sacramento, CA branch.The doctor there will apparently be Thomas A. Gionis (picture from press release). This private, for-profit clinic has no affiliation with UC Davis School of Medicine in Sacramento where Im located.

The stem cell clinic Sacramento branch will sell transplants of fat stem cells in the form of something called stromal vascular fraction or SVF, which I believe is almost certainly a drug. To my knowledge this clinic and the large chain that it belongs to called Cell Surgical Network (CSN), do not have FDA approval to use SVF.

Both publicly and to me on this blog, CSN continues to arguethat it doesnt need FDA approval (here,hereandhere), but recent FDA draft guidances sure suggest otherwise in my view. Of course if the FDA never takes action on the use of SVF then how are we all supposed to interpret that? WithoutFDA action or finalized guidelines, is it formally possible that the FDA could back down on SVF?

This clinic will reportedly sell SVF to treat a dizzying array of conditions having nothing to do with fat:

Emphysema, COPD, Asthma, Heart Failure, Heart Attack, Parkinsons Disease, Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury, Lou Gehrigs Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Crohns Disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Inflammatory Myopathies, and Degenerative Orthopedic Joint Conditions (Knee, Shoulder, Hip, Spine).

To me as a scientist the use of SVF to treat all these very different conditions does not make good common sense.

It would also seem arguably to be quite likely be considered non-homologous use by the FDA, a standing that would also automatically make this a drug requiring FDA pre-approval. Non-homologous use means using a biological product of a certain kind that is not homologous (not the same or similar in origin) to the tissue being treated. For example, fat is not the same as the brain or other central nervous system tissue that is involved in several of the conditions on the clinic menu. Same goes for cardiac muscle, airways, etc.

The use of a non-FDA approved product in a largely non-homologous manner increases risks for patients. Note that these stem cell transplants are also very expensive with little evidence in the way of published data of benefit.

The CSN stem cell clinic in Sacramento will be located at the New Body MD Surgical Center, just about 10 minutes from my office. I plan on paying them a visit at some point. Lets see how that goes. Will they let me in?

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My new neighbor in Sacramento: a fat stem cell clinic ...

Board certified Houston plastic surgeon Dr. Henry Mentz specializes in innovative fat grafting techniques to restore a youthful look to the face.

Stem-cellrich fat grafting returns a supple, youthful look to the face by strategically rebuilding its youthful contours. Its volume restoration to get you back to that 29-year-old softness.

Houston plastic surgeon Dr. Henry Mentz

The replacement of lost facial volume is a vital component of a comprehensive plan to restore a youthful look to the face. Due to an erosion of facial fat which becomes more pronounced as we enter our 40s, the face becomes more lean and hollow in its structure, so that the cheeks, temples, and eye areas often become more sunken and hollow in appearance. As this fullness is lost, the skeletal structure of the face becomes more visible, and the skin begins to sag and wrinkle due to a loss of underlying structural support and diminished skin elasticity.

Dr. Mentz uses stem cellencriched fat grafting to restore the fullness and soft contours that characterize a younger face. The procedure achieves the following appearance goals:

In addition, fat grafting can be used to rejuvenate and improve the look of other areas of the body. Like the face, the hands reflect some of the most visible signs of aging due to sun exposure and a loss of fat. Fat grafting can be used to restore a youthful look to hands by diminishing the prominence of bones, tendons, and veins. In body contouring, Dr. Mentz utilizes fat grafts to improve the shape of the buttocks and calves.

Though fat grafting has been a part of plastic surgery for decades, the innovative use of stem-cells to enrich the grafts holds the potential to revolutionize this procedure. Dr. Mentz has been actively working with the nations leading stem cell researchers to mobilize the powerful characteristics of stem cells to increase the facial rejuvenation benefits of fat grafting.

Stem cells have the unique ability to regenerate themselves and to repair damaged tissues in the body. Because of this characteristic, the cells may also have the power to rejuvenate the skins tone and texture. Though these benefits have not been proven, stem cells do enhance the survival rate of fat, which can be long-lasting.

Houston plastic surgeon Dr. Mentz has been at the forefront of introducing and utilizing innovative fat grafting and facial rejuvenation techniques in aesthetic plastic surgery. As the first surgeon in the United States to achieve triple board certification in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, plastic surgery, and otolaryngology / head and neck surgery, Dr. Mentz has a comprehensive and unique expertise in achieving excellent facial rejuvenation results. He combines the extensive training and skills of these boards to provide results that are youthful, natural, and long-lasting

Dr. Mentzs skill and groundbreaking contributions have made him a sought-out speaker worldwide and have led him to receive numerous awards and honors recognizing him as one of the top plastic surgeons in Houston and the nation. He has authored two chapters on facelifting in the last 10 years, including the The Multilayer Facelift in the textbook Operative Plastic Surgery. And he has introduced important new techniques and presentations to his peers at plastic surgery meetings and through articles and presentations. The respected International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery invited Dr. Mentz to share his facelift expertise to group members at its 2010 meeting. Dr. Mentzs presentations have included:

In a fat grafting procedure, Dr. Mentz liposuctions areas such as the buttocks, thighs, or abdomen. A special process is then used to concentrate the stem cells. Dr. Mentz injects this stem cell rich fat into the areas where volume and contour improvement is desired. To enhance the survival rate of the fat grafts, Dr. Mentz carefully layers and structures the fat next to live tissue. The procedure typically can be completed in one hour.

The recovery for a fat grafting period depends on the extent of liposuction that is performed. When facial fat grafting alone is the purpose, the procedure can be performed under local anesthesia, and it requires little down time. When fat grafting is combined with a more extensive liposuction procedure for body contouring, Dr. Mentz performs the surgery at his private SurgiCentre facility, and, the recovery time is approximately 5-7 days. Most bruising diminishes within 1-2 weeks, and concealing makeup can be worn during this time to further soften its appearance.

Dr. Mentz frequently combines stem cell-enriched fat grafting to restore volume with a facelift procedure to correct sagging, deep creases, and the appearance of jowls. To achieve maximum rejuvenation and natural-looking results, he accurately measures, grades, and records the amount of aging or laxity in each area of the face to determine the facelift method that will achieve the most effective results for a patient. Dr. Mentz, who has achieved consistently successful results with this innovative method since 2007, introduced the technique to the Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2008.

Through computer imaging and the consultation process, the various method such as the mini facelift, MAC lift, deep layer, multilayer, and SMAS facelift, can be demonstrated on the patients image to evaluate the best options for a patient. Dr. Mentz has consistently found that three options can be determined for each patient, and, of these, one will most effectively maximize the rejuvenating results that can be achieved.

Smooth and evenly toned skin is an important component of a plan to maintain a youthful, fresh appearance. At ACPS The Spa & Rejuvenation Center, Dr. Mentzs skin care specialists will design a plan to improve your skins quality so that it looks radiant and rejuvenated 365 days a year.

We are committed to providing you with the most advanced and effective skin care treatments and products available. As part of a daily skin care routine, our Obagi and SkinMedica products contain active, pharmaceutical-grade ingredients which work at a cellular level to penetrate and transform your skin. In addition, we offer a number of treatment options which will restore a smoother, brighter appearance to the face. Many of these treatments can be completed in less than an hour and require minimal to no downtime.

Chemical Peels

Chemical Peels brighten and smooth the skins appearance by gently resurfacing it through the removal of its damaged outer layers. They are an effective non-surgical cosmetic treatment for those who desire to treat mild to more severe skin conditions including sun-damaged skin, fine lines and wrinkles, skin pigment abnormalities, acne, and acne scarring.

Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion gives the skin a fresh and healthy radiance through the gently abrasive mechanical action of crystals, which slough away the dead surface cells that can cause skin to appear dull and aged. The massaging action helps to increase oxygenation in the skin, which, in turn, stimulates the production of collagen to give the skin a more revitalized look. Microdermabrasion softens the appearance of skin imperfections such as fine lines, brown spots, and acne scars, and helps to clean out pores, as well.

Laser Treatments

Like microdermabrasion and chemical peels, lasers resurface the skin to rejuvenate its appearance. However, they achieve this action at a deeper level through the action of short pulses of light that penetrate the skins layers to stimulate the growth of new collagen fibers. Our lasers are designed to target a wide variety of skin concerns to provide the following benefits:

To help diminish postoperative scars, we have designed a Scar Therapy System, which consists of three products to be applied daily in the weeks following surgery. This package includes two SkinMedica products: TNS Recovery Complex and Tri-Retinol Complex, and an advanced scar treatment gel. As an added benefit, the SkinMedica products can be applied to the face as part of a long-term daily routine to improve the skins tone and texture.

The massage therapists at Dr. Mentzs Added Touch Medical Spa offer a special post-surgical massage that is designed to support and speed your bodys natural healing process after a cosmetic surgery procedure. A combination of lymphatic and Swedish massage techniques are used, which work together to relax you and stimulate the lymphatic system to help reduce bruising, swelling, and numbness.

To schedule your fat grafting consultation with Dr. Mentz, e-mail or call his office today at 713.799.9999.

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Stem Cell-Rich Fat Grafting Houston TX | Dr. Henry Mentz

Fat processing in centrifuge

I recently heard a news video clip about fat derived stem cell injections to the breast. There were a lot of unsubstantiated claims made, and I thought I would try to clarify some issues regarding Breast Augmentation with fat derived stem cells.

There are two types of fat injection that are being confused in this debate. The first is injection of fat itself for breast augmentation. We will call this fat injection. The second is injection of fat which is supplemented with an ultra concentrated volume of fat. This ultra concentrate sample of fat has a high concentration of stem cells. We will call this stem cell enhanced fat injection.

The American Society of Plastic Surgeons has put out a position paper regarding fat transfer. In it the issue of breast cancer detection is addressed. To quote the ASPS text:

Concern regarding the interference of autologous fat grafts with breast cancer detection is not validated by the limited number of studies available on the topic.

In other words, at this point there is no evidence that fat injection interferes with breast cancer detection. As far as complications, lumps, or irregularities the position paper states:

Studies indicate that results of fat transfer remain dependent on a surgeons technique and expertise.

In other words, when an experienced surgeon uses the correct technique, the results are good. In more than four years of injecting massive volumes of fat to the buttocks, I have yet to encounter any significant complications. I use techniques described by Sidney Coleman which have stood the test of time.

Fat injections for breast augmentation have been done carefully, systematically, and succesfully in other countries as well as in the US. As long as proper technique is used, I dont see why results would be any different than fat injection to the buttocks, which already has an established track record.

There are no new types of cells injected in a stem cell enhanced fat cell injection. The stem cells come from the same place the rest of the fat cells come from, your own fat tissue. There are normally occurring stem cells mixed with other fat cells as within the blood vessels and connective tissue of the fat.

All that we are doing is concentrating those cells so they are injected in closer proximity to each other. This likely allows for greater interaction between the stem cells themselves and the surrounding tissues, so there is stimulation for the stem cells to differentiate and create new healthy tissues.

This is not theory, it has been shown to work in breast cancer patients who have had lumpectomies followed by irradiation of tissues. I have seen the positive results in my own lumpectomy patients. These are very difficult cases which up to now were treated with complicated tissue transfers that depended on taking large pieces of tissue from other parts of the body. Clinical studies in Italy, France, and the United states have shown the efficacy of stem cell enhanced fat transfers in helping these patients.

There is a theory that stem cells themselves pose a risk to the breast by somehow turning themselves into breast cancer cells. In order to do that the stem cells would have to differentiate first into breast duct cells. The breast duct cells develop as outgrowths from the areola after a long and complex series of signals highly dependent on specific surrounding tissues. That a stem cell injected into breast would follow this highly specific series of steps is unlikely, at best. Rather, stem cells injected into connective tissue, as they are in the breast, will follow local tissue signals and differentiate ito new connective tissue. This has been demonstrated clinically.

Stem cells injected into the breast are no more likely to turn cancerous than anywhere else in the body.

There is a lot of misinformation and confusion regarding stem cell therapy, as this is a new and exciting field. The FDA is even thinking of classifying stem cell therapy as drug therapy.This would be a tremendous mistake as it would bring progress in this extremely promising field to a screeching halt.

Adult stem cells are purified from your own fat. They are not a drug. I know that I will be discussing this more.

By Dr. Ricardo L Rodriguez Board Certified Plastic Surgeon Baltimore, Maryland Ricardo L Rodriguez on Google +

Posted in Breast Fat Stem Cells

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Fat Stem Cell injections to the breast- Risky ...

FDA and Adipose Stem Cells

Several years ago we became fascinated with the potential of adipose stem cells for both cosmetic and medical purposes. However, we soon discovered that nothing in the written FDA guidelines specifically addressed the use of autologous adipose stem cells. Thus began our journey for an answer. In June 2009, we sent a letter to the FDA asking for a position statement on adipose stem cells. Our request focused specifically on autologous, freshly isolated, adipose stem cells for use in soft tissue reconstruction. These stem cells are from your own fat, for your own usage, and not culture expanded .

After a very long wait, we recently received a written response from the FDA. First, a little bit of background for any stem cell newbies.

Human cells and tissues intended for human transplant are regulated by the FDA. The FDA maintains two levels of classifications for cells and tissues: 1) HCT/P 361 and 2) HCT/P 351.

uncultured stem cells from my own fat. a tissue or a drug?

Category 361 is summarized as a tissue. A subset of category 361 includes procedures that take place in the same operative session . These same session operative procedures are exempt from FDA regulation. These procedures fall under the jurisdiction of practice of medicine. Surgeons follow guidelines and laws established by state medical boards and their professional societies, but are not controlled by the FDA. The other category, 351, is the drug/biologic category, which is completely regulated by the FDA. It is infinitely easier and faster to bring medical procedures which fall under 361 guidelines to a physicians practice compared to the 351 category.

Examples of tissues and cell types in each of the two FDA categories are as follows:

Our request simply asked the FDA if SVF (not culture expanded) adipose stem cells for autologous usage in soft tissue reconstruction in the same operative session fall under the tissue or the drug classification.

Last month we finally received a response from the FDA. Close your eyes and imagine a train coming to a screeching halt.It was not the answer we were hoping for.

Your own autologous adipose stem cells from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) used for reconstruction and repair in the same operative session are considered by the FDA to be a DRUG.

What is interesting to us is that hematopoeitic stem cells and IVF procedures are both not classified as drugs, but uncultured fat stem cells are. The FDAs main consideration for classifying adipose stem cells as a drug was because the cells are more than minimally manipulated. So what about IVF procedures? Is creating a human from a sperm and an egg only a minimal manipulation?

To make a long story short, the drug classification will add several years to the equation for surgeons manually performing therapies with adipose stem cells. In our opinion, the FDAs new position on adipose stem cells will likely have two effects:

The new FDA position means that any surgeon who wishes to use the SVF fraction (centrifuged adipose tissue plus collagenase to yield higher numbers of stem cells) must now submit an IND (Investigational New Drug Application) to the FDA and have an approved IRB (Institutional Review Board) with a hospital. This submittal process is extremely time consuming, requires many resources, and is expensive. Some surgeons will simply move their trials, therapies, and clinics offshore.

This FDA position essentially takes surgeons performing manual processing with collagenase in their ORs out of the physician practice equation for the near future. Therefore, this FDA position likely benefits adipose stem cell device makers who process adipose tissue as they are much further along in the approval process with the FDA. Device makers will likely be first to market with their autologous stem cell processes.

No. But it is not out of the question that the FDA may put fat grafting under the magnifying glass in the future.

Fat grafting uses fat obtained from liposuction. The fat is harvested with a cannula, decanted, and processed via centrifugation techniques. A portion of the processed fat is then reinjected into areas for cosmetic enhancement. The enhancements primarily involve restoring volume and fullness.

Although fat grafting does not use collagenese to isolate the stem cells, the dirty little secret is that high density fat grafting does contain small numbers of stem cells. These stem cells are found in the fat pellet separated via centrifugation after the tumescent liposuction procedure. The mechanical forces of the liposuction procedure act to separate the mesenchymal stem cells from the blood vessels. This is all within the great science of stem cell activation. Plastic surgeons have recently come to understand that the small population of stem cells in the fat pellet provide more vascularity to fat grafts. High density fat grafting results in long lasting fat grafts and healthier looking skin.

by Leeza Rodriguez CosmeticSurg Staff Writer Leeza Rodriguez on Google +

Posted in Fat Stem Cells

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FDA: Stem Cells from Your Own Fat are a Drug ...

At a Glance Stem cells: Facial rejuvenation with your bodys own stem cells from autologous fat Autologous fat injections: Facial regeneration using autologous fat Growth factors: Facial regeneration using growth factors Platelet-rich plasma: Facial regeneration with your bodys own blood Bioidentical hormones: Facial regeneration through restoration of the hormonal balance

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Our face is the most individual part of our body and thus also gives it most character. It reveals our feelings and emotions. Specifically in adults it not only shows the current emotional state, but usually also information that allows drawing conclusions about the general physical status. Face analysis, which is already firmly rooted in traditional healing art, allows for identification of irregularities and deficiencies in the organism based on certain characteristics of the face.

Brown spots under the eyelid, protruding eyes, wrinkles in certain areas of the face and loose skin on the lower jaw edge, for example, are indicative of hormone deficiencies.

Hormones are largely responsible that our entire organism functions our overall well-being, our performance and vitality depend significantly on our hormone levels. Our endocrine glands are exhausted by stress, overwork, poor diet, unhealthy food and certain lifestyle habits. As a consequence the bodys hormone production decreases.

Hormone deficiencies may lead to poor concentration, reduced power, forgetfulness, mood swings, loss of libido, and digestive problems, to name just a few. Externally hormone deficiencies often cause premature aging, which manifest in the face in many ways depending on the actual hormone deficiencies.

Also certain lifestyle habits such as excessive exposure to UV light from the sun and solarium can cause skin damages and formation of leather skin and deep wrinkles in the face, leading to significant premature aging of people concerned. The accompanying psychological distress is enormous.

Our holistic treatment philosophy is to primarily treat the actual cause of premature skin aging therapeutically. If the damage to the skin on the face is already very pronounced, additional targeted local regenerative treatments may be necessary.

In all our local treatments the regeneration of the treated areas is paramount. Therefore the potential of the bodys own active components or very similar substances is used. In particular, the bodys own stem cells from fat and growth factors from blood have a notable regenerative power. Bioidentical hormones as essential building blocks of almost all body functions are a fundamental pillar of our treatments.

Can You Drink Beauty?

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Facial Regeneration with Stem Cells, Growth Factors ...