StemCell Therapy

A recent market study published byXploreMR Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market: Global Industry Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029 consists of a comprehensive assessment of the most important market dynamics. On conducting a thorough research of the historic as well as current growth parameters of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market, the growth prospects are obtained with maximum precision.

The mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market report features the unique and salient factors that are likely to significantly impact the development of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market during the forecast period. It can help market players to modify their manufacturing and marketing strategies to envisage maximum growth in the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in the upcoming years. The report provides detailed information about the current andfuturegrowth prospects of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in the most comprehensive manner for the better understanding of readers.

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

The mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market report commences with an executive summary of the key findings and key statistics of the Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment market. It also includes the market value (US$ million) estimates of the leading segments of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market.

Chapter 2 Market Overview

Readers can find detailed market taxonomy which highlights the inclusions and exclusions for the subject. The definition of mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market is included in this chapter, which helps in understanding the basic information about the concerned mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market, which helps the reader understand the scope of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market report.

Chapter 3 Key Trends

This section explains about the key trends followed by the manufacturer and consumer in mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market. This section helps reader to understand the both supply-side and demand-side trend impacting the growth of mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market.

Chapter 4 Key Success Factors

This chapter highlights the key success factors of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market, which include regulatory scenario, pipeline analysis, snapshot of developments for mucopolysaccharidosis Type 3, rare disease framework and designed designation for each treatment present.

Chapter 5 Global Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Value Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

This section explain the global market analysis and forecast for the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market. It also highlights the incremental opportunity for the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market along with the absolute dollar opportunity for every year between the forecast period of 2019-2029.

Chapter 6 Market Background

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This chapter explains the key macro-economic factors that are expected to influence the growth of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market over the forecast period. Along with macroeconomic factors, this section also highlights the opportunity analysis for the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market. This chapter also highlights the key dynamics of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market, which include the drivers and restraints.

Chapter 7 Global Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029, By Treatment Type

Based on the Treatment Type, the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market is segmented into Enzyme Replacement Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies. Stem Cell Therapies is further segmented into Bone Marrow Transplantation and Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation. In this chapter, readers can find a detailed analysis of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market by different Treatment Type and their expected growth over the forecast period.

Chapter 8 Global Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029, By Type of MPS

Based on the Type of MPS, the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market is segmented into MPS I, MPS II, MPS IV A, MPS VI and MPS VII. This section helps readers understand the prevalence of different Type of MPS in the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market over the forecast period.

Chapter 9 Global Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029, By End User

Based on end user, the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market is segmented into Hospital, Specialty Clinics, Medical Research Centers and Home-infusion. In this chapter, readers can also understand the market attractive analysis based on the end user.

Chapter 10 Global Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029, By Region

This chapter explains how the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market will grow across various geographic regions such as North America, Latin America, Europe, East Asia, South Asia, Oceania and the Middle East & Africa (MEA).

Chapter 11 North America Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

This chapter includes a detailed analysis of the growth of the North America mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market along with a country-wise assessment, which includes the U.S. and Canada. Readers can also find the key takeaways of this region, and market growth based on treatment type, type of MPS, end user and country of mucopolysaccharidosis treatment in the North America region.

Chapter 12 Latin America Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

This chapter contains a snapshot of the Latin America mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market. It includes the growth prospects of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in the leading LATAM countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and the rest of the Latin America region.

Chapter 13 Europe Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

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The important growth prospects of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market based on treatment type, type of MPS and end user in several European countries, such as the U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Russia and the rest of Western Europe, is included in this chapter.

Chapter 14 East Asia Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

This chapter highlights the growth of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in Eastern Europe by focusing on China, Japan and South Korea. This section also helps readers understand the key factors that are responsible for the growth of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in East Asia.

Chapter 15 South Asia Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

India, Indonesia, Thailand , Malaysia are the leading countries in the South Asia region that are the prime subjects of assessment to obtain the growth prospects of the South Asia mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in this chapter. Readers can find detailed information about the growth parameters of the South Asia mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market during the period 2019-2029.

Chapter 16 Oceania Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

Readers can find important factors that can significantly impact the growth of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in Australia and New Zealand during the forecast period based on the market segmentation.

Chapter 17 MEA Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment Market Analysis 2014-2018 & Forecast, 2019-2029

This chapter provides information about the growth of the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market in the major countries of the MEA region, such as GCC Countries and South Africa, during the period 2019-2029.

Chapter 18 Market Structure Analysis

This section explains the tier structure for global mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market which helps reader to understand the percent share of market cover by tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3 players in the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market. This section also explains the company share analysis for mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market which helps readers to understand the market share taken by key players available in the market.

Chapter 19 Competition Landscape

In this chapter, readers can find a comprehensive list of all the leading manufacturers in the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market, along with detailed information about each company, which includes the company overview, revenue shares, strategic overview, and recent company developments. Some of the players featured in the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market report are Sanofi S.A., Shire, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Sarepta Therapeutics, Abeona Therapeutics, Inc., ArmaGen, Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Esteve, Immusoft Corporation, Inventiva.

Chapter 20 Assumptions and Acronyms

This chapter includes a list of acronyms and assumptions that provide a base to the information and statistics included in the report.

Chapter 21 Research Methodology

This chapter helps readers understand the research methodology followed to obtain various conclusions and important qualitative information & quantitative information about the mucopolysaccharidosis treatment market.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Treatment Market Estimated to Experience a Hike in Growth by 2019-2029 - Bulletin Line

The report on the Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market provides a birds eye view of the current proceeding within the Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market. Further, the report also takes into account the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on the Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market and offers a clear assessment of the projected market fluctuations during the forecast period. The different factors that are likely to impact the overall dynamics of the Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market over the forecast period (2019-2029) including the current trends, growth opportunities, restraining factors, and more are discussed in detail in the market study.

Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market reports deliver insight and expert analysis into key consumer trends and behaviour in marketplace, in addition to an overview of the market data and key brands. Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market reports provides all data with easily digestible information to guide every businessmans future innovation and move business forward.

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The worldwide Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market is an enlarging field for top market players,

Market Segment AnalysisThe research report includes specific segments by Type and by Application. Each type provides information about the production during the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. Application segment also provides consumption during the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. Understanding the segments helps in identifying the importance of different factors that aid the market growth.Segment by TypeCell CountersFiltration SystemsCentrifugesCO2 IncubatorsAutoclavesMicroscopesBiosafety CabinetsOthers

Segment by ApplicationBiopharmaceutical/TherapeuticsStem Cell TechnologyCancer ResearchDrug Screening & DevelopmentTissue Engineering & Regenerative MedicineOthers

Global Cell Culture Supporting Instrument Market: Regional AnalysisThe report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market in important regions, including the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Brazil, etc. Key regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.The report has been curated after observing and studying various factors that determine regional growth such as economic, environmental, social, technological, and political status of the particular region. Analysts have studied the data of revenue, production, and manufacturers of each region. This section analyses region-wise revenue and volume for the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. These analyses will help the reader to understand the potential worth of investment in a particular region.Global Cell Culture Supporting Instrument Market: Competitive LandscapeThis section of the report identifies various key manufacturers of the market. It helps the reader understand the strategies and collaborations that players are focusing on combat competition in the market. The comprehensive report provides a significant microscopic look at the market. The reader can identify the footprints of the manufacturers by knowing about the global revenue of manufacturers, the global price of manufacturers, and production by manufacturers during the forecast period of 2015 to 2019.The major players in the market include Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (U.S.), Merck KGaA (Germany), GE Healthcare (U.K.), Lonza Group AG (Switzerland), Becton, Dickinson and Company (U.S.), Corning, Inc. (U.S.), Eppendorf AG (Germany), Hi-Media Laboratories (India), Sartorius AG (Germany), Promocell GmbH (Germany), etc.

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This Cell Culture Supporting Instrument report begins with a basic overview of the market. The analysis highlights the opportunity and Cell Culture Supporting Instrument industry trends that are impacted the market that is global. Players around various regions and analysis of each industry dimensions are covered under this report. The analysis also contains a crucial Cell Culture Supporting Instrument insight regarding the things which are driving and affecting the earnings of the market. The Cell Culture Supporting Instrument report comprises sections together side landscape which clarifies actions such as venture and acquisitions and mergers.

The Report offers SWOT examination and venture return investigation, and other aspects such as the principle locale, economic situations with benefit, generation, request, limit, supply, and market development rate and figure.

Quantifiable data:-

Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India

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Finally, the global Cell Culture Supporting Instrument market provides a total research decision and also sector feasibility of investment in new projects will be assessed. Cell Culture Supporting Instrument industry is a source of means and guidance for organizations and individuals interested in their market earnings.

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How Coronavirus Pandemic Will Impact Cell Culture Supporting Instrument Market : Report analyzes the segments and provides the relative contribution...

The Global Digital Risk Protection Software Market Report has newly added to its massive repository. It is prepared with the use of industry-best primary and secondary research methodologies and tools. Marketing strategies, policies, industry chain that are changing the wave of the market also included in this report. Different industry-specific methods have been used for analysing the market carefully. This research report carry out an in-depth analysis of multiple factors, detailed overview of major players, restraints, challenges, opportunities, current industry trends and strategies impacting the global market.

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Top companies operating in the Global Digital Risk Protection Software market profiled in the report are: SAI Global, PhishLabs, DigitalStakeout, ZeroFOX, Proofpoint, Axur, Waverley Labs, Digital Shadows

Global Digital Risk Protection Software Market Split by Product Type and Applications:

Market Segment by Type, covers:

Large Enterprises

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Market Segment by Applications, covers:

Cloud-Based

On-Premise

Regional Analysis For Digital Risk Protection Software Market:

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Influence of the Digital Risk Protection Software Market Report:

-Comprehensive assessment of all opportunities and risk in the Digital Risk Protection Software market.

-Digital Risk Protection Software market recent innovations and major events.

-Detailed study of business strategies for growth of the Digital Risk Protection Software market-leading players.

-Conclusive study about the growth plot of Digital Risk Protection Software market for forthcoming years.

-In-depth understanding of Digital Risk Protection Software market-particular drivers, constraints and major micro markets.

-Favourable impression inside vital technological and market latest trends striking the Digital Risk Protection Software market.

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Digital Risk Protection Software Market New Innovations, Technology Growth and Research 2020-2026 - Cole of Duty

Event organizer: Maine AgrAbility and the Maine CITE Coordinating Cente

Event Date & Time: June 2, 2020 1:00 pm until June 22, 2020 2:00 pm

ORONO Maine AgrAbility and the Maine CITE Coordinating Center will host a free webinar on the prevalence of arthritis in agriculture from 12 p.m. on Tuesday, June 2.

Webinar topics include the ways arthritis can affect farmers, and how small changes in routines and using assistive technology can help reduce its impact. The webinar is free; registration is required. Information on registration and accommodation requests are on the Maine AgrAbility website.

Maine AgrAbility, a collaborative project of University of Maine Cooperative Extension and Alpha One, is dedicated to helping farmers, fishermen and forest workers work safely and more productively. For more information contact 207-944-1533 or leilani.carlson@maine.edu.

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Arthritis and agriculture webinar June 2 User Submitted Bangor Daily News BDN Maine - Bangor Daily News

Photographer, Basak Gurbuz DermanGetty Images

If coffee has been a constant companion during the lockdown, it might be worth looking again at your caffeine consumption. A new study suggests too many cups can be a culprit for poor health.

The research, from the University of South Australias Australian Centre for Precision Health, suggests that it all comes down to genetics: anyone with a family history of osteoarthritis, arthropathy (joint disease) or obesity may be best to sit out a few of the coffee rounds.

Using data from over 300,000 participants in the UK Biobank, researchers looked at connections between habitual coffee consumption and a full range of diseases, finding that too much coffee can increase the risk of the aforementioned conditions

In earlier research conducted by genetic epidemiologist Professor Elina Hyppnen and team, six cups of coffee a day was considered the upper limit of safe consumption.

Globally, we drink around three billion cups of coffee each day, said Professor Hyppnen, so it makes sense to explore the pros and cons of this on our health.

Typically, the effects of coffee consumption are investigated using an observational approach, where comparisons are made against non-coffee-drinkers. But this can deliver misleading results.

In this study, we used a genetic approach called MR-PheWAS analysis to establish the true effects of coffee consumption against 1,117 clinical conditions.

Coffee, of course, has also been proven to boost running performance and is a pre-race staple for many. Its worth stating that this latest research is looking at the effect of excessive coffee consumption. One or two cups a day will not damage your health; in fact, theres some evidence to suggest moderate coffee consumption could actually help you to live longer.

Reassuringly, our results suggest that, moderate coffee drinking is mostly safe, says Professor Hyppnen. But it also showed that habitual coffee consumption increased the risks of three diseases osteoarthritis, arthropathy and obesity which can cause significant pain and suffering for individuals with these conditions.

For people with a family history of osteoarthritis or arthritis, or for those who are worried about developing these conditions, these results should act as a cautionary message.

While these results are in many ways reassuring in terms of general coffee consumption, the message we should always remember is consume coffee in moderation -- that's the best bet to enjoy your coffee and good health too.

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Depending on your genetics, excess coffee consumption could 'increase risk of arthritis and obesity' - Runner's World (UK)

The report on the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market provides a birds eye view of the current proceeding within the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market. Further, the report also takes into account the impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market and offers a clear assessment of the projected market fluctuations during the forecast period. The different factors that are likely to impact the overall dynamics of the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market over the forecast period (2019-2029) including the current trends, growth opportunities, restraining factors, and more are discussed in detail in the market study.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market reports deliver insight and expert analysis into key consumer trends and behaviour in marketplace, in addition to an overview of the market data and key brands. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market reports provides all data with easily digestible information to guide every businessmans future innovation and move business forward.

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The worldwide Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market is an enlarging field for top market players,

The key players covered in this studyJohnson & JohnsonNovartisBristol-Myers SquibbZydus CadilaTakedaRocheLatona Life Sciences

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoSurgical TreatmentDrug TreatmentMarket segment by Application, split intoHospitalClinicDiagnostic Laboratories

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversNorth AmericaEuropeAsia-Pacific

The study objectives of this report are:To analyze global Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.To present the Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment development in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.To define, describe and forecast the market by type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment are as follows:History Year: 2015-2019Base Year: 2019Estimated Year: 2020Forecast Year 2020 to 2026For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2019 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

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This Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment report begins with a basic overview of the market. The analysis highlights the opportunity and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment industry trends that are impacted the market that is global. Players around various regions and analysis of each industry dimensions are covered under this report. The analysis also contains a crucial Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment insight regarding the things which are driving and affecting the earnings of the market. The Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment report comprises sections together side landscape which clarifies actions such as venture and acquisitions and mergers.

The Report offers SWOT examination and venture return investigation, and other aspects such as the principle locale, economic situations with benefit, generation, request, limit, supply, and market development rate and figure.

Quantifiable data:-

Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India

You can Buy This Report from Here @ https://www.researchmoz.com/checkout?rep_id=2668089&licType=S&source=atm

Research objectives and Reason to procure this report:-

Finally, the global Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment market provides a total research decision and also sector feasibility of investment in new projects will be assessed. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment industry is a source of means and guidance for organizations and individuals interested in their market earnings.

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Revenues of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment Market Witness Severe Shocks Due to Discretionary Consumer Spending amid COVID-27 - Jewish Life...

Written by Manoj Dattatrye More | Pune | Updated: May 20, 2020 11:31:23 am Medical staff at Aundh Civil Hospital cheer and clap for the woman (not in the picture).

She is 65 years old and her knees ache due to arthritis. But that didnt stop her from dancing as she tested Covid-19 negative, 19 days after being admitted at Aundh Civil Hospital in Pune.A video clip of the woman, holding a stick in her hand, seen laughing and dancing has gone viral.

District Collector Naval Kishore Ram said,I have seen videos of people welcoming corona free patient back home. But this is the first time I heard a patient dancing her way out of the hospital. At least in Pune, this could be the first case. This highlights the fact that we should not fear coronavirus, but face it with confidence.

The woman, a resident of Mangalwar Peth in PMC limit, was brought to Aundh Civil Hosptial from Sassoon Hospital, apparently as the latter had run out of space to admit patients. She was in critical condition and had to be quickly put on oxygen support.

The woman is diabetic, has arthritis, was experiencing breathlessness and was unable to move without the help of a stick when admitted, doctors said. She spent at least 10 days on oxygen and in the intensive care unit of the hospital, said Dr Sharmila Gaikwad, one of the doctors who treated her.

But when the woman became free of corona status after 19 days, the joy on her face was seen to be lived. As she gingerly walked out of the hospital and staff stood by, the woman on her own started dancing.We did not stop her from having her moment. She was extremely happy She danced to express her joy after overcoming the life-threatening challenge, said Dr Gaikwad.

While leaving for home, the woman thanked the doctors and the nurses and told them that she survived because of them. I thought I would die but you people saved my life. I will never forget you all, the woman told the medical staff as they cheered and clapped.

Sister Priyanka Jadhav, among those took care of the patient, said,The woman was very worried initially, she was repeatedly asking whether she will get well or notShe used to be bed-ridden for days, we helped her eat food and drink water.

Dr Gaikwad said since the woman is diabetic, her sugar levels were fluctuating. Since her sugar levels were fluctuating, she was also facing breathing problem. We had to stabilise her condition with medicine. She was given a combination low molecular weight heparin and HCQ tablets, a treatment method which was working on serious patients, doctors said.

The doctors also conducted physiotherapy sessions. The patient has arthritis and her knees used to ache. We gave physiotherapy which helped the pain to ease, Dr Gaikwad said.

When the elderly woman patient was shifted out of the ICU to the positive patients ward, she quickly endeared herself to other patients. The young patients in the ward used to extend all kind of help to her. They used to give her water and take her to the bathroom. She became popular with the younger lot, said Dr Gaikwad.

The patient was also very inquisitive. She used to repeatedly ask her why she was put on saline, why blood was being drawn from her, when is her negative report going to come ?, Dr Gaikwad said.

The doctors at Aundh Civil Hospital said if a patient remains confident and determined, it helps in their early recovery. What we have experienced is that if a patient has determination to overcome the ailment, he does so. This is because if you harbour fear or negative thoughts, your body does not respond. Almost all the positive patients are a worried lot. It is only through counselling that they stablise after initially being gripped by extreme fear, said Medical officer Dr Prakash Rokde.

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Elderly woman with arthritis breaks into a dance after beating Covid-19 at Pune hospital - The Indian Express

Trusted Business Insights answers what are the scenarios for growth and recovery and whether there will be any lasting structural impact from the unfolding crisis for the Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics market.

Trusted Business Insights presents an updated and Latest Study on Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market 2019-2026. The report contains market predictions related to market size, revenue, production, CAGR, Consumption, gross margin, price, and other substantial factors. While emphasizing the key driving and restraining forces for this market, the report also offers a complete study of the future trends and developments of the market.The report further elaborates on the micro and macroeconomic aspects including the socio-political landscape that is anticipated to shape the demand of the Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics market during the forecast period (2019-2029).It also examines the role of the leading market players involved in the industry including their corporate overview, financial summary, and SWOT analysis.

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Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market Analysis Trends, Applications, Analysis, Growth, and Forecast to 2028 is a recent report generated by Trusted Business Insights. The global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics market report has been segmented on the basis of drug, diseases type, and region.

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Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Overview

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a type of chronic disease, characterized by inflammation in the joints and skin. This disease is progressive category of diseases that may worsening over time. If left untreated, this psoriatic arthritis may lead to joint damage permanently. It is characterized by potential involvement of diverse tissues, including, enthesitis, peripheral and axial joints, skin & nail disease, and dactylitis. The treatment of PsA includes the use of a variety of interventions that act as an agent for the treatment of patients with other forms of inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis and others.

Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Dynamics

Increasing number of cases of psoriatic arthritis especially in elderly population is a key factor expected to drive the growth of the global market over the forecast period. In addition, rising awareness about psoriatic arthritis treatment among the healthcare professionals and increasing elderly population. The above mentioned are some of the other factors expected to drive growth revenue of the global market. However, high cost of the drugs and treatment, entry of biosimilar drug in the market, and lack of standardization tools for diagnosis and treatment. These are some of the major factors expected to hamper growth of the target market to a certain extent.

Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Segment Analysis

Among the drug type segments, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is estimated to account for majority of revenue share in the global market. This is due to, rising prescribing of NSAID drugs for patients, in order to pain and morning stiffness, controlling swelling, and to improve range of motion to joints.

Among the diseases type segments, symmetric psoriatic arthritis is estimated to hold highest revenue and register highest CAGR over the forecast period, due to increasing number of cases of affecting several joints in pairs on both sides of your body. It may damage joints over time, that can lead to limited movement and function of body.

Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Trends

The established players are adopting various growth strategies such as partnership, collaboration, mergers, new product launch etc., in order to cater the growing demand for Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics globally. In addition, the prominent players are collaborating with local player in order to form string value and supply chain. The aforementioned are some of the current key trend witnessed in the target market.

Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Regional Analysis

In 2019, the markets in North America estimated to account for highest market revenue share in the target market over the forecast period. This is primarily attributed to, increasing incidences of psoriatic arthritis. According to RheumatoidArthritis.org, which is a non-profit team of healthcare professionals around 85% of individuals living with psoriatic arthritis in US. The markets in Asia Pacific accounted for highest CAGR over the forecast period, owing to increasing prevalence and incidences in the temperate zones in the region, and growing healthcare expenditure. In addition, higher demand and increased rate of adoption of biologic drugs in countries such as Australia & New Zealand, are projected to drive the psoriatic arthritis therapeutics market in Asia Pacific region.

Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market Segmentation:

Segmentation by drug:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)Biologic drugEnzyme inhibitor

Segmentation by diseases type:

Asymmetric Psoriatic ArthritisSymmetric Psoriatic ArthritisDistal Interphalangeal Predominant (Dip) Psoriatic ArthritisSpondylitisArthritis Mutilans

Quick Read Table of Contents of this Report @ Global Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market 2020 (Includes Business Impact of COVID-19)

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Psoriatic Arthritis Therapeutics Market Analysis Of Global Trends, Demand And Competition 2020-2028 - Cole of Duty

DUBLIN, Ohio--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE American: NAVB) (Navidea or the Company), a company focused on the development of precision immunodiagnostic agents and immunotherapeutics, is pleased to announce positive preliminary results from the Companys second interim analysis of its ongoing NAV3-31 Phase 2B study. Analysis demonstrates that these interim data further corroborate Navideas hypotheses that Tc99m tilmanocept imaging can provide robust, quantitative imaging in healthy controls and in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and that this imaging can provide an early indicator of treatment efficacy in patients with active RA.

Navideas NAV3-31 Phase 2B trial titled Evaluation of the Precision and Sensitivity of Tilmanocept Uptake Value (TUV) on Tc99m Tilmanocept Planar Imaging has three arms: Arm 1 consists of healthy subjects, Arm 2 is comprised of patients with active, moderate-to-severe RA who are on stable therapy, and Arm 3 is a pilot arm of the upcoming Phase 3 trial assessing the ability of Tc99m tilmanocept to provide an early indicator of efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha treatment in RA patients.

This second interim analysis was designed to examine data from Arm 3 of the study in order to evaluate the magnitude of change of Tc99m tilmanocept signal localized to RA-involved joints in patients before and after treatment with an anti-TNF alpha therapy as well as to examine whether this change in localization, if any, can serve as an early, quantifiable predictor of treatment efficacy.

A total of 15 subjects with active moderate-to-severe RA were included in this interim analysis, each of which was set to begin a new or first-time treatment regimen with an anti-TNF alpha therapy. Whole body and hand/wrist planar gamma camera images were obtained at baseline prior to initiation of new treatment, again at 5 weeks post therapy initiation, and then again at 12 weeks on 8 of the 15 subjects. The remaining 7 subjects had received baseline and 5-week scans only at the time of this analysis. A panel of established clinical assessments was performed at each time point as well, in order to compare imaging results with clinical standards over the 12-week time course. Results of the preliminary analysis demonstrate:

These interim data are supportive of Navideas hypotheses that Tc99m tilmanocept imaging can provide quantifiable imaging assessment of RA-involved joints that enables early prediction of clinical response as well as longitudinal monitoring of clinical status.

Michael Rosol, Chief Medical Officer for Navidea, said, We are encouraged by these interim results, which are in line with our hypotheses, support the continuation of the current Phase 2B study, and will be fundamental to speaking with the FDA about moving forward into the Phase 3 trial later this year. Dr. Rosol continued, We are excited that we are on track to possibly providing rheumatologists and those suffering with RA a noninvasive, quantifiable, early indicator of whether or not an anti-TNF alpha treatment is working. This could bring enormous benefit to these patients by assisting physicians in putting them on the right course of treatment earlier than would otherwise be possible today.

Jed Latkin, Navideas Chief Executive Officer, said, I am once again very pleased that the interim results of our ongoing Phase 2B study are so encouraging. These data support our belief that Tc99m tilmanocept imaging has the potential to provide an early and accurate indication of treatment effectiveness to rheumatologists, allowing them to tailor effective treatment regimens for RA patients. We are looking forward to continuing our progress into a Phase 3 study.

RA is a chronic disease affecting over 1.3 million Americans and as much as 1% of the worldwide population1. If the product is successfully developed, Navidea would expect to play a major role in the management of RA patients worldwide.

Conference Call Details

Investors and the public are invited to dial into the conference call through the information listed below, or participate via the audio webcast on the company website, http://www.navidea.com. Participants who would like to ask questions during the question and answer session will be prompted by the moderator, who will provide instructions.

Reference1. https://www.rheumatoidarthritis.org/ra/facts-and-statistics/

About Navidea

Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE American: NAVB) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of precision immunodiagnostic agents and immunotherapeutics. Navidea is developing multiple precision-targeted products based on its Manocept platform to enhance patient care by identifying the sites and pathways of disease and enable better diagnostic accuracy, clinical decision-making, and targeted treatment. Navideas Manocept platform is predicated on the ability to specifically target the CD206 mannose receptor expressed on activated macrophages. The Manocept platform serves as the molecular backbone of Tc99m tilmanocept, the first product developed and commercialized by Navidea based on the platform. Navideas strategy is to deliver superior growth and shareholder return by bringing to market novel products and advancing the Companys pipeline through global partnering and commercialization efforts. For more information, please visit http://www.navidea.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. Forward-looking statements include our expectations regarding our current studies and potential results, FDA approval process, ability to provide rheumatologists and those suffering from RA with expected benefits, the accuracy and timing of our imaging as an indication of treatment effectiveness, the use of our imaging as part of treatment for RA patients, our ability to progress into a Phase 3 study, our ability to successfully develop products, and the role of Navidea in the management of RA worldwide. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, among other things: our history of operating losses and uncertainty of future profitability; the final outcome of any pending litigation; our ability to successfully complete research and further development of our drug candidates; the timing, cost and uncertainty of obtaining regulatory approvals of our drug candidates; our ability to successfully commercialize our drug candidates; dependence on royalties and grant revenue; our ability to implement our growth strategy; anticipated trends in our business; our limited product line and distribution channels; advances in technologies and development of new competitive products; our ability to comply with the NYSE American continued listing standards; our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; the impact of the current coronavirus pandemic; and other risk factors detailed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and other SEC filings. You are urged to carefully review and consider the disclosures found in our SEC filings, which are available at http://www.sec.gov or at http://ir.navidea.com.

Investors are urged to consider statements that include the words will, may, could, should, plan, continue, designed, goal, forecast, future, believe, intend, expect, anticipate, estimate, project, and similar expressions, as well as the negatives of those words or other comparable words, to be uncertain forward-looking statements.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, any of which could turn out to be incorrect. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this report. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

References and links to websites have been provided as a convenience, and the information contained on such websites is not incorporated by reference into this press release. Navidea is not responsible for the contents of third party websites.

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Navidea Biopharmaceuticals Announces Positive Results of Second Interim Analysis of Ongoing Phase 2B Study in Rheumatoid Arthritis - Business Wire

Dive Brief:

Filgotinib has become a defining drug for Galapagos. It's what attracted Gilead when the companies began working together in 2015 a partnership that since sprouted into a $5 billion research deal. It's also key to validating Galapagos' drugmaking capabilities.

Filgotinib had previously shown its merit in rheumatoid arthritis, as late-stage studies found it reduced joint swelling without eliciting some of the safety concerns which have weighed on its drug class, known as JAK inhibitors. Gilead, which holds U.S. rights to the drug, submitted it for approval as a rheumatoid arthritis treatment at the end of last year.

Galapagos, though, believes filgotinib can work across a wide range of immune conditions, including Crohn's disease, uveitis and psoriatic arthritis. Many studies testing the drug in these indications have paused enrollment due to the coronavirus pandemic. Fortunately for Galapagos, the Phase 2b/3 study in ulcerative colitis had already fully enrolled.

The results released Wednesday show the placebo-adjusted clinical remission rate was about 11% for biologic-naive patients on the 200 mg regimen of filgotinib and about 7% for patients who had before taken some kind of biologic. While these were significantly better than the placebo group, the lower, 100 mg dose didn't fare as well by week 10.

The incidence of serious adverse events, meanwhile, was similar across all three groups. Importantly, rates of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which are two of the safety issues that have loomed over JAK drugs, were "low and comparable across treatment groups in both the induction and maintenance phases of the study," according to the companies.

While hard to compare because of differences in design, patient enrollment and the definition of "clinical remission," the new efficacy data for filgotinib appear roughly on-par with what other JAK inhibitors have shown in ulcerative colitis.

Xeljanz, which was approved for the disease in 2018, showed placebo-adjusted efficacy of 10% to 14% in biologic-naive patients and 8% to 12% in biologic-experienced patients, according to RBC Capital Markets analyst Brian Abrahams. AbbVie's Rinvoq, which was recently cleared for rheumatoid arthritis, had placebo-adjusted remission rates of 6% to 11% in biologic-experienced patients

As such, filgotinib was "not a standout winner, but not a loser either" following its latest ulcerative colitis data, according to Abrahams. RBC models around $4 billion in peak sales for filgotinib across all its potential indications. Investment bank Stifel, meanwhile, predicts that filgotinib at its peak could fetch $4 billion from ulcerative colitis alone.

Others, however, took a more critical view.

Analysts at Credit Suisse covering Arena Pharmaceuticals wrote that the filgotinib data were "largely underperforming efficacy expectations" for the JAK inhibitor class in ulcerative colitis. Arena, notably, is developing a rival ulcerative colitis medicine called etrasimod that works in a different way than JAKs to reduce inflammation.

Galapagos shares were down more than 7% Thursday morning, while Gilead's were relatively unmoved.

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High expectations cast a shadow over Gilead and Galapagos' positive data - BioPharma Dive

Stem cells have always been known for their unlimited potential. Nowadays, the excellent qualities of them have expanded. A new study published in the journal Current Biology shows that these kinds of cells can delay their own deaths in response to physical injuries.

This research was carried out in planarians . This organism is often used as a model for studying regeneration because they have the ability to use stem cells to repair damage. The first author of the paper, Divya Shiroor of Cornell University said, "Even when facing with challenges and under stress, planarian stem cells still respond to damage by delaying death."

Researchers exposed planarians to radiation and injured half of them. They found that if planarians were not injured, then as expected, the stem cells died after radiation. However, if the planarian is injured, they will survive and gather near the wound, delaying their own death to cause a reaction.

Shiroor said that If the animal is exposed to radiation and will soon be injured, the radiation-induced stem cell death will be greatly delayed. This result may have important implications for cancer research and treatment, especially to help patients choose between chemotherapy and surgery, because the latest research found that surgical injury will promote the metastasis of dormant tumor cells.

The researchers hope to learn more about how the damage caused the planarian stem cells to withstand radiation. "We hope to identify related genes. If shared with mammals, then these genes may help to transform existing therapies." Said Shiroor.

Planarians are similar to humans in some respects, so they are often used for basic research. Like humans, planarians have stem cells, similar organs, and similar genes, but due to the large number of stem cells and the lack of a developed immune system, they are more proficient in dealing with injuries, while the human immune system makes the situation more complicated.

The researchers found that radiation will cause these cells to quickly start apoptosis, and the damage will delay the apoptosis process, while preventing the stem cells from entering the mitotic state, which is probably to achieve the repair of DNA damage. Since stem cells exist only around the wound, they concluded that the "damage signal" is highly localized and can be directly sensed by these cells.

They also found that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK (extracellular regulatory protein kinase) drives the persistence of stem cells after injury. Since local cell death does not require ERK activity, the researchers believe that this pathway plays a role in stem cells.

There are many methods in the laboratory to understand how planarians successfully recover and regenerate, but Shiroor 's laboratory combines radiation and damage to determine that the stem cell's response is unique. They plan to conduct more in-depth stem cells research to understand how they know the damage is present and what role other cells may play in this process.

Shiroor also said that they have identified key genes that persist in stem cells after radiation and damage and plan to use it as a stepping stone for further exploration in the future.

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Stem Cells Are Found to Protect Wounded Planarian by ...

Problems soon after transplant

Many of the problems that can happen shortly after the transplant come from having the bone marrow wiped out by medicines or radiation just before the transplant. Others may be side effects of the conditioning treatments themselves.

Your transplant team can help you cope with side effects. Some can be prevented, and most can be treated to help you feel better.This is not a complete list and you should tell your doctor or transplant team about any problems you have or changes you notice. Some of these problems can be life-threatening, so its important to be able to reach your doctor or transplant team at night, on weekends, and during holidays. Ask for their after hours contact numbers to makesure you will be able to do this.

Mucositis (inflammation or sores in the mouth) is a short-term side effect that can happen with chemo and radiation. It usually gets better within a few weeks after treatment, but it can make it very painful to eat and drink.

Good nutrition is important for people with cancer. If mouth pain or sores make it hard to eat or swallow, your transplant team can help you develop a plan to manage your symptoms.

Because chemotherapy drugs can cause severe nausea and vomiting, doctors often give anti-nausea medicines at the same time as chemo to try to prevent it. As much as possible, the goal is to prevent nausea and vomiting, because its easier to prevent it than it is to stop it once it starts. Preventive treatment should start before chemo is given and should continue for as long as the chemo is likely to cause vomiting, which can be up to 7 to 10 days after the last dose.

No one drug can prevent or control chemo-related nausea and vomiting 100% of the time. In many cases, two or more medicines are used. Youll need to tell your transplant team how well the medicines are controlling your nausea and vomiting. If they arent working, they will need to be changed.

For at least the first 6 weeks after transplant, until the new stem cells start making white blood cells (engraftment), you can easily get serious infections. Bacterial infections are most common during this time, but viral infections that were controlled by your immune system can become active again. Fungal infections can also be an issue. And even infections that cause only mild symptoms in people with normal immune systems can be quite dangerous for you. This is because right after the transplant you don't have many white blood cells that are working well, and they are the primary immune cells that fight off infections.

You may be given antibiotics to try to prevent infections until your blood counts reach a certain level. For instance, pneumocystis pneumonia (often called PCP) is a common infection thats easy to catch. Even though the germ doesnt harm people with normal immune systems, for others it can cause fever, cough, and serious breathing problems. Antibiotics are often used to keep transplant patients from getting this.

Your doctor may check you before the transplant for signs of certain infections that may become active after transplant, and give you special medicines to keep those germs under control. For example, the virus called CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a common infection that many adults have or had in the past. Adults with healthy immune systems may not have any symptoms because their immune system can keep the virus under control. But, CMV can be a cause of serious pneumonia in people who have had transplants, because the transplant lowers the amount of white blood cells they have. Pneumonia from CMVmainly happens to people who were already infected with CMV, or whose donor had the virus. If neither you nor your donor had CMV, the transplant team might follow special precautions to prevent this infection while you are in the hospital.

After engraftment, the risk of infection is lower, but it still can happen. It can take 6 months to a year after transplant for the immune system to work as well as it should. It can take even longer for patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD, see below). It's important to talk to your cancer care team about your risk for infection during this time.

Because of the increased risk, you will be watched closely for signs of infection, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, or diarrhea. Your doctor may check your blood often, and extra precautions will be needed to keep you from being exposed to germs. While in the hospital, everyone who enters your room must wash their hands well. They may also wear gowns, shoe coverings, gloves, and masks.

Since flowers and plants can carry bacteria and fungi, theyre not allowed in your room. For the same reason, you may be told not to eat certain fresh fruits and vegetables. All your food must be well cooked and handled very carefully by you and family members. You might need to avoid certain foods for a while.

You may also be told to avoid contact with soil, feces (stool, both human and animal), aquariums, reptiles, and exotic pets. Your team may tell you to avoid being near disturbed soil, bird droppings, or mold. You will need to wash your hands after touching pets. Your family may need to move the cats litter box away from places you eat or spend your time. Also, you should not clean pet cages or litter boxes during this time. Instead, give this task to a family member or friend.

Your transplant team will tell you and your family in detail about the precautions you need to follow. There are many viruses, bacteria, and fungi that can cause infection after your transplant. You may be at risk for some more than others.

Despite all these precautions, patients often develop fevers, one of the first signs of infection. In fact, sometimes fever is the only sign of infection, so it's very important to contact your cancer care team if you have one or if you have any other signs of infection. You'll probably be asked to take your temperature by mouth every day or twice a day for a while. And your cancer care team will let you know when you should call in your temperature to them. If you get a fever, tests will be done to look for possible causes of the infection (chest x-rays, urine tests, and blood cultures) and antibiotics will be started.

After transplant, youre at risk for bleeding because the conditioning treatment destroys your bodys ability to make platelets. Platelets are the blood cells that help blood to clot. While you wait for your transplanted stem cells to start working, your transplant team may have you follow special precautions to avoid injury and bleeding.

Platelet counts are low for at least several weeks after transplant. In the meantime, you might notice easy bruising and bleeding, such as nosebleeds and bleeding gums. If your platelet count drops below a certain level, a platelet transfusion may be needed. Youll need to follow precautions until your platelet counts stay at safe levels.

It also takes time for your bone marrow to start making red blood cells, and you might need red blood cell transfusions from time to time as you recover.

For more information on the transfusion process, see Blood Transfusion and Donation.

Pneumonitis is a type of inflammation (swelling) in lung tissue thats most common in the first 100 days after transplant. But some lung problems can happen much later even 2 or more years after transplant.

Pneumonia caused by infection happens more often, but pneumonitis may be caused by radiation, graft-versus-host disease, or chemo rather than germs. Its caused by damage to the areas between the cells of the lungs (called interstitial spaces).

Pneumonitis can be severe, especially if total body irradiation was given with chemo as part of the pre-transplant (conditioning) treatment. Chest x-rays will be taken in the hospital to watch for pneumonitis as well as pneumonia. Some doctors will do breathing tests every few months if you have graft-versus-host disease (see next section).

You should report any shortness of breath or changes in your breathing to your doctor or transplant team right away. There are many other types of lung and breathing problems that also need to be handled quickly.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can happen in allogeneic transplants when the immune cells from the donor see your body as foreign. (Remember: The recipients immune system has mostly been destroyed by conditioning treatment and cannot fight back, so the new stem cells make up most of the immune system after transplant.) The donor immune cells may attack certain organs, most often the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and liver. This can change the way the organs work and increase the chances of infection.

GVHD reactions are very common and can range from barely noticeable to life-threatening. Doctors think of GVHD as acute or chronic. Acute GVHD starts soon after transplant and lasts a short time. Chronic GVHD starts later and lasts a long time. A person could have one, both, or neither type of GVHD.

Acute GVHD can happen 10 to 90 days after a transplant, though the average time is around 25 days.

About one-third to one-half of allogeneic transplant recipients will develop acute GVHD. Its less common in younger patients and in those with closer HLA matches between donor and the patient.

The first signs are usually a rash, burning, and redness of the skin on the palms and soles. This can spread over the entire body. Other symptoms can include:

Doctors try to prevent acute GVHD by giving drugs that suppress the immune system, such as steroids (glucocorticoids), methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or certain monoclonal antibodies. These drugs are given before acute GVHD starts and can help prevent serious GVHD. Still, mild GVHD will almost always happen in allogeneic transplant patients. Other drugs are being tested in different combinations for GVHD prevention.

The risk of acute GVHD can also be lowered by removing immune cells called T-cells from the donor stem cells before the transplant. But this can also increase the risk of viral infection, leukemia relapse, and graft failure (which is discussed later). Researchers are looking at new ways to remove only certain cells, called alloactivated T-cells, from donor grafts. This would reduce the severity of GVHD and still let the donor T-cells destroy any cancer cells left.

If acute GVHD does occur, it is most often mild, mainly affecting the skin. But sometimes it can be more serious, or even life-threatening.

Mild cases can often be treated with a steroid drug applied to the skin (topically) as an ointment, cream, or lotion, or with other skin treatments. More serious cases of GVHD might need to be treated with a steroid drug taken as a pill or injected into a vein. If steroids arent effective, other drugs that affect the immune system can be used.

Chronic GVHD

Chronic GVHD can start anywhere from about 90 to 600 days after the stem cell transplant. A rash on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet is often the earliest sign. The rash can spread and is usually itchy and dry. In severe cases, the skin may blister and peel, like a bad sunburn. A fever may also develop. Other symptoms of chronic GVHD can include:

Chronic GVHD is treated with medicines that suppress the immune system, much like those used for acute GVHD. These drugs can increase your risk of infection for as long as you are treated for GVHD. Most patients with chronic GVHD can stop the immunosuppressive drugs after their symptoms improve.

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a serious problem in which tiny veins and other blood vessels inside the liver become blocked. Its not common, and it only happens in people with allogeneic transplants, and mainly in those who got the drugs busulfan or melphalan as part of conditioning, or treatment that was given before the transplant.

VOD usually happens within about 3 weeks after transplant. Its more common in older people who had liver problems before the transplant, and in those with acute GVHD. It starts with yellowing skin and eyes, dark urine, tenderness below the right ribs (this is where the liver is), and quick weight gain (mostly from fluid that bloats the belly). It is life-threatening, so early diagnosis of VOD is very important. Researchers continue to find ways to try to measure a person's chances of getting VOD so that treatment can start as soon as possible.

Grafts fail when the body does not accept the new stem cells (the graft). The stem cells that were given do not go into the bone marrow and multiply like they should. Graft failure is more common when the patient and donor are not well matched and when patients get stem cells that have had the T-cells removed. It can also happen in patients who get a low number of stem cells, such as a single umbilical cord unit. Still, its not very common.

Graft failure can lead to serious bleeding and/or infection. Graft failure is suspected in patients whose counts do not start going up within 3 to 4 weeks of a bone marrow or peripheral blood transplant, or within 7 weeks of a cord blood transplant.

Although it can be very upsetting to have this happen, these people can get treated with a second dose of stem cells, if they are available. Grafts rarely fail, but if they do it can result in death.

The type of problems that can happen after a transplant depend on many factors, such as the type of transplant done, the pre-transplant chemo or radiation treatment used, the patients overall health, the patients age when the transplant was done, the length and degree of immune system suppression, and whether chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is present and how bad it is. The problems can be caused by the conditioning treatment (the pre-transplant chemotherapy and radiation therapy), especially total body irradiation, or by other drugs used during transplant (such as the drugs that may be needed to suppress the immune system after transplant). Possible long-term risks of transplant include:

The medicines used in transplants can harm the bodys organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, bones/joints, and nervous system. You may need careful follow-up with close monitoring and treatment of the long-term organ problems that the transplant can cause. Some of these, like infertility, should be discussed before the transplant, so you can prepare for them.

Its important to find and quickly treat any long-term problems. Tell your doctor right away if you notice any changes or problems. Physical exams by your doctor, blood work, imaging tests, lung/breathing studies, and other tests will help look for and keep tabs on organ problems.

As transplant methods have improved, more people are living longer and doctors are learning more about the long-term results of stem cell transplant. Researchers continue to look for better ways to care for these survivors to give them the best possible quality of life.

The goal of a stem cell transplant in cancer is to prolong life and, in many cases, even cure the cancer. But in some cases, the cancer comes back (sometimes called relapse or recurrence depending on when it might occur after a transplant). Relapse or recurrence can happen a few months to a few years after transplant. It happens much more rarely 5 or more years after transplant.

If cancer comes back, treatment options are often quite limited. A lot depends on your overall health at that point, and whether the type of cancer you have responds well to drug treatment. Treatment for those who are otherwise healthy and strong may include chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Some patients who have had allogeneic transplants may be helped by getting white blood cells from the same donor (this is called donor lymphocyte infusion) to boost the graft-versus-cancer effect. Sometimes a second transplant is possible. But most of these treatments pose serious risks even to healthier patients, so those who are frail, older, or have chronic health problems are often unable to have them.

Other options may include palliative (comfort) care, or a clinical trial of an investigational treatment. Its important to know what the expected outcome of any further treatment might be, so talk with your doctor about the purpose of the treatment. Be sure you understand the benefits and risks before you decide.

Along with the possibility of the original cancer coming back (relapse) after it was treated with a stem cell transplant, there is also a chance of having a second cancer after transplant. Studies have shown that people who have had allogeneic transplants have a higher risk of second cancer than people who got a different type of stem cell transplant.

A cancer called post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), if it occurs, usually develops within the first year after the transplant. Other conditions and cancers that can happen are solid tumor cancers in different organs, leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes. These other conditions, if they occur, tend to develop a few years or longer after the transplant.

Risk factors for developing a second cancer are being studied and may include:

Successfully treating a first cancer gives a second cancer time (and the chance) to develop. No matter what type of cancer is treated, and even without the high doses used for transplant, treatments like radiation and chemo can lead to a second cancer in the future.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an out-of-control growth of lymph cells, actually a type of lymphoma, that can develop after an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Its linked to T-cells (a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system) and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). T-cells normally help rid the body of cells that contain viruses. When the T-cells arent working well, EBV-infected B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) can grow and multiply. Most people are infected with EBV at some time during their lives, but the infection is controlled by a healthy immune system. The pre-transplant treatment given weakens the immune system, allowing the EBV infection to get out of control, which can lead to a PTLD.

Still, PTLD after allogeneic stem cell transplant is fairly rare. It most often develops within 1 to 6 months after allogeneic stem cell transplant, when the immune system is still very weak.

PTLD is life-threatening. It may show up as lymph node swelling, fever, and chills. Theres no one standard treatment, but its often treated by cutting back on immunosuppressant drugs to let the patients immune system fight back. Other treatments include white blood cell (lymphocyte) transfusions to boost the immune response, using drugs like rituximab to kill the B cells, and giving anti-viral drugs to treat the EBV.

Even though PTLD doesnt often happen after transplant, its more likely to occur with less well-matched donors and when strong suppression of the immune system is needed. Studies are being done to identify risk factors for PTLD and look for ways to prevent it in transplant patients who are at risk.

Most people who have stem cell transplants become infertile (unable to have children). This is not caused by the cells that are transplanted, but rather by the high doses of chemo and/or radiation therapy used. These treatments affect both normal and abnormal cells, and often damage reproductive organs.

If having children is important to you, or if you think it might be important in the future, talk to your doctor about ways to protect your fertility before treatment. Your doctor may be able to tell you if a particular treatment will be likely to cause infertility.

After chemo or radiation, some women may find their menstrual periods become irregular or stop completely. This doesnt always mean they cannot get pregnant, so birth control should be used before and after a transplant. The drugs used in transplants can harm a growing fetus.

The drugs used during transplant can also damage sperm, so men should use birth control to avoid starting a pregnancy during and for some time after the transplant process. Transplants may cause temporary or permanent infertility for men as well. Fertility returns in some men, but the timing is unpredictable. Men might consider storing their sperm before having a transplant.

For more information on having children after being treated for canceror sexual problems related to cancer treatment, see Fertility and Sexual Side Effects.

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Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant Side Effects

Courtesy of Alexander (Sasha) Poltorak, Tufts University

The killer is not the virus but the immune response.

The current pandemic is unique not just because it is caused by a new virus that puts everyone at risk, but also because the range of innate immune responses is diverse and unpredictable. In some it is strong enough to kill. In others it is relatively mild.

My research relates to innate immunity. Innate immunity is a persons inborn defense against pathogens that instruct the bodys adaptive immune system to produce antibodies against viruses. Those antibody responses can be later used for developing vaccination approaches. Working in the lab of Nobel laureate Bruce Beutler, I co-authored the paper that explained how the cells that make up the bodys innate immune system recognize pathogens, and how overreacting to them in general could be detrimental to the host. This is especially true in the COVID-19 patients who are overreacting to the virus.

I study inflammatory response and cell death, which are two principal components of the innate response. White blood cells called macrophages use a set of sensors to recognize the pathogen and produce proteins called cytokines, which trigger inflammation and recruit other cells of the innate immune system for help. In addition, macrophages instruct the adaptive immune system to learn about the pathogen and ultimately produce antibodies.

To survive within the host, successful pathogens silence the inflammatory response. They do this by blocking the ability of macrophages to release cytokines and alert the rest of the immune system. To counteract the viruss silencing, infected cells commit suicide, or cell death. Although detrimental at the cellular level, cell death is beneficial at the level of the organism because it stops proliferation of the pathogen.

For example, the pathogen that caused the bubonic plague, which killed half of the human population in Europe between 1347 and 1351, was able to disable, or silence, peoples white blood cells and proliferate in them, ultimately causing the death of the individual. However, in rodents the infection played out differently. Just the infected macrophages of rodents died, thus limiting proliferation of the pathogen in the rodents bodies which enabled them to survive.

The silent response to plague is strikingly different from the violent response to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. This suggests that keeping the right balance of innate response is crucial for the survival of COVID-19 patients.

Heres how an overreaction from the immune system can endanger a person fighting off an infection.

Some of the proteins that trigger inflammation, named chemokines, alert other immune cells like neutrophils, which are professional microbe eaters to convene at the site of infections where they can arrive first and digest the pathogen.

Others cytokines such as interleukin 1b, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor guide neutrophils from the blood vessels to the infected tissue. These cytokines can increase heartbeat, elevate body temperature, trigger blood clots that trap the pathogen and stimulate the neurons in the brain to modulate body temperature, fever, weight loss and other physiological responses that have evolved to kill the virus.

When the production of these same cytokines is uncontrolled, immunologists describe the situation as a cytokine storm. During a cytokine storm, the blood vessels widen further (vasolidation), leading to low blood pressure and widespread blood vessel injury. The storm triggers a flood of white blood cells to enter the lungs, which in turn summon more immune cells that target and kill virus-infected cells. The result of this battle is a stew of fluid and dead cells, and subsequent organ failure.

The cytokine storm is a centerpiece of the COVID-19 pathology with devastating consequences for the host.

When the cells fail to terminate the inflammatory response, production of the cytokines make macrophages hyperactive. The hyperactivated macrophages destroy the stem cells in the bone marrow, which leads to anemia. Heightened interleukin 1b results in fever and organ failure. The excessive tumor necrosis factor causes massive death of the cells lining the blood vessels, which become clotted. At some point, the storm becomes unstoppable and irreversible.

One strategy behind the treatments for COVID is, in part, based in part on breaking the vicious cycle of the cytokine storm. This can be done by using antibodies to block the primary mediators of the storm, like IL6, or its receptor, which is present on all cells of the body.

Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor can be achieved with FDA-approved antibody drugs like Remicade or Humira or with a soluble receptor such as Enbrel (originally developed by Bruce Beutler) which binds to tumor necrosis factor and prevents it from triggering inflammation. The global market for tumor necrosis factor inhibitors is US$22 billion.

Drugs that block various cytokines are now in clinical trials to test whether they are effective for stopping the deadly spiral in COVID-19.

[Get facts about coronavirus and the latest research. Sign up for The Conversations newsletter.]

Alexander (Sasha) Poltorak, Professor of Immunology, Tufts University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Blocking the deadly cytokine storm is a vital weapon for treating COVID-19 - TheStreet

Patientswith multiple myeloma (MM) had significant improvements in 5-year relativesurvival across all age groups since 1982, according to study results publishedin the British Journal of Haematology.The investigators noted that some improvements aligned with the historicalintroduction of treatment standards.

Ateam of investigators leveraged data from the Cancer Registry of Norway, whichhas required compulsory reporting of all cancer cases by the countrys hospitals,laboratories, and general practitioners since 1953. They also obtained nationwidemyeloma drug consumption statistics from the Norwegian Institute of PublicHealth.

Toinvestigate the countrys trends in incidence and relative survival in MM, theinvestigators separated all patients who were diagnosed with MM between 1982and 2017 (excluding incidental MM diagnosed at death/autopsy or no follow up) into3 age-based categories: younger than 65 years (transplant eligible), 65 to 79years (youngest transplant ineligible) and aged 80 years or older (oldesttransplant ineligible). Follow up for each patient continued until death,emigration, or the end of the study.

Theythen split the historical periods into 7 categories based on the introductionof treatment standards: 1982 to 1987 and 1988 to 1992 (melphalan-prednisone),1993 to 1997 (early high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem celltransplant), 1998 to 2002 (introduction of thalidomide), 2003 to 2007 (earlythalidomide upfront, introduction of bortezomib), 2008 to 2012 (thalidomide andbortezomib upfront, introduction of lenalidomide), and 2013 to 2017(lenalidomide upfront, early pomalidomide, daratumumab, panobinostat, andcarfilzomib).

Forthe 10,524 patients included in the study, the median age at diagnosis was 71years; 53.7% were men. The median follow up was 2.4 years with 8458 deaths and 10emigrations.

The age-standardized incidence rate between 1982 and 2017 shifted from stable to increasing starting at approximately the year 2000. From 2014 to 2017, the incidence rate of MM standardized to the Norwegian population increased from 7.3 to 8.4. The authors suggested that these increases over time are likely attributable to increased use of certain biomarkers and diagnosis of smoldering MM.

Forpatients younger than 65 years, the 5-year and 10-year relative survival steadilyincreased over all time periods. For patients aged 65 to 79 years, both 5-yearand 10-year relative survival were stable until approximately 1998 to 2002, correspondingto the introduction of thalidomide, after which both increased. For patientsaged 80 years or older, the 5-year relative survival increased from the firstto last time period from 0.11 to 0.28).

Somestudy limitations included that cancer registry did not differentiate between smolderingand active MM nor did it include individual information on clinical features,treatment, or biomarkers.

Inconclusion, we demonstrate a significant improvement in 5-year [relativesurvival] in all age groups. Improved [relative survival] in patients aged 80years at the time of diagnosis is only rarely described in otherpopulation-based studies, wrote the authors. For patients aged 65 years, theimprovement in [relative survival] coincides with the introduction of moderndrugs, whereas patients aged <65 years had an ongoing improvement before theintroduction of autologous stem-cell transplant.

Langseth O, Myklebust T, Johannesen TB, Hjertner , Waage A. Incidence and survival of multiple myeloma: a populationbased study of 10524 patients diagnosed 19822017 [published online May 5, 2020]. Br J Haematol. doi: 10.1111/bjh.16674

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Steady Improvements in the Survival of Norwegian Patients With Multiple Myeloma - Hematology Advisor

As the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic continues to deliver both health and economic blows, hopes are pinned on medical researchers identifying drugs and vaccines needed to stop the viruss spread, heal those who are sick and ease concerns about returning to a semblance of normal. But the process of developing new medicines is a long one, and at best new vaccines can take more than a year.

Go to the web site to view the video.

Video by Farrin Abbott

The Innovative Medicines Accelerator builds on and expands existing programs and adds new resources to help Stanford investigators turn their good ideas into effective drugs for people.

Into this landscape enters the newly created Innovative Medicines Accelerator (IMA), which was envisioned to overcome obstacles in developing medicines. The IMA arose as part of Stanfords Long-Range Vision long before COVID-19 found a foothold in humans, and was designed to aid in medicines for everything from deadly diseases like cancer to rare disorders overlooked by most pharmaceutical companies. But in this time of need, its programs are focused entirely on helping researchers test their ideas about potential medicines for COVID-19.

Our programs were envisioned before our new priority came along, and thats the COVID-19 pandemic, said Chaitan Khosla, Baker Family co-Director ofStanford ChEM-H who is also leading the IMA. The scale of what Stanford researchers have accomplished in the past two and a half months is unprecedented. Where we are today might not have been so powerful if not for the efforts of people associated with the IMA.

A valley of death lies between a good idea in the lab and a drug that can be tested in humans. (Image credit: Farrin Abbott)

The IMAs programs aid scientists in traversing the so-called valley of death that chasm between a good idea in the lab and the first test of a new drug in humans. This valley, created by a lack of funding and drug development expertise on the academic side and by concerns about financial risk on the industry side, isnt entirely unnavigable. Many ideas cross the divide each year, but the difficulty adds to the time and cost of developing new medicines.

Stanford faculty who have successfully developed vaccines and drug prototypes were aided by a network of expertise and programs centered in the School of Medicine and in the interdisciplinary life sciences institutes like Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford Bio-X and the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute. The IMA builds on and expands those resources so more can benefit, while also filling in gaps that have waylaid some projects. These added programs include funding promising early-stage research, adding technical capabilities and expertise and assisting with studies in human tissues to help ensure good ideas discovered in mice will be effective in people.

The Innovative Medicines Accelerator builds on and expands resources already available at Stanford to create a bridge across the valley of death. (Image credit: Farrin Abbott)

The concept of building on existing resources was immediately helpful in responding to COVID-19, particularly the Stanford ChEM-H Knowledge Centers, which are facilities run by staff with deep drug development experience and who provide expertise along with the technical resources.

If ChEM-H didnt exist, the first thing the IMA would have to do in order to be successful is create it, said Carolyn Bertozzi, Baker Family co-director of ChEM-H, andAnne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in theSchool of Humanities and Sciences.

For example, Peter Kim, professor of biochemistry, is making use of the ChEM-H Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center to learn how human antibodies bind SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as part of work to develop a vaccine. Jeffrey Glenn, professor of medicine, is one of several researchers developing drug prototypes against various types of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, with assistance from the ChEM-H Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center.

As the IMA considers research funding for COVID-19 projects, it is augmenting these knowledge centers in anticipation of increased need, and adding new ones that fill additional gaps like allowing investigators to screen a high volume of molecules as potential drugs known as high-throughput screening.

In addition to networking existing facilities, the IMA is expanding space in the Keck Science Building where researchers can safely handle deadly, airborne pathogens, called a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) facility. Researchers including Catherine Blish, associate professor of medicine, are already carrying out experiments in the smaller space to test existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells, and studying the virus biology to identify new drug candidates. When it is complete, the expanded space will provide access to more investigators developing COVID-19 medicines and could also aid in addressing possible future pandemics or known airborne pathogens like tuberculosis.

As part of the Long-Range Vision, which emphasizes partnership to accelerate impact, IMA will also form alliances with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, governments and nongovernmental organizations to exchange knowledge and expertise. These would resemble an existing relationship between Takeda Pharmaceutical Company and Stanford ChEM-H called the Stanford Alliance for Innovative Medicines, in which Takeda provides access to drug development expertise, not generally available in academia, to help potential medicines reach patients more quickly.

In addition to easing the path to drug prototypes, the IMA overcomes another hurdle in developing effective medicines the fact that many great ideas originate with lab animals like mice or flies but fail when they reach human trials. Khosla calls this a second valley of death.

If theres one thing weve learned from clinical trials its that mice arent humans, said Khosla, who is also the Wells H. Rauser and Harold M. Petiprin Professor in the School of Engineering and professor of chemical engineering and of chemistry.

The challenge has been that investigators used to working with laboratory animals often dont have the resources or regulatory expertise to access human subjects or tissues. To overcome that problem, IMA will provide funding and expertise and also assist with collecting and storing tissues. (These experiments will have the added benefit of producing new discoveries about human biology.)

Many drugs arent effective in humans because they come from ideas developed in laboratory animals like mice, flies and worms. (Image credit: Farrin Abbott)

That approach which they call Experimental Human Biology is already being applied toward COVID-19 at the IMA-supported COVID Clinical and Translational Research Unit (CTRU). Here, researchers are gathering blood samples from people with or without COVID-19 and from people participating in trials of existing drugs to see if they are effective against COVID-19. Those samples can help researchers understand how the human immune system responds to an experimental drug, and they are being banked for possible future experiments as investigators have new ideas for medicines or vaccines.

Stanford also has expertise in creating mini organs including brains, and lung and intestinal tissue in laboratory dishes. These organoids can be used to test ideas in cells representing human biology. Some COVID-19 work takes advantage of such labs-in-a-petri-dish in the form of clusters of cells that mimic the human immune system. Looking beyond the current crisis, Stanford also has banks of stem cells derived from people with different disease backgrounds that can be grown into a range of tissue types.

These programs, which are ramping up now to address COVID-19, will ultimately benefit a range of diseases in need of new medicines or even help prepare for a future pandemic.

The metrics of success for the IMA are based on impact, said Khosla. That doesnt have to be just in terms of reducing the time or cost of developing a drug. What if you could powerfully benefit the health of one kid with an extremely rare disease? Thats a pretty big impact.

Continued here:
The Innovative Medicines Accelerator turns its focus on COVID-19 | Stanford News - Stanford University News

A hospital in Tokyo said it successfully transplanted liver cells derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells to a baby with a potentially life-threatening disease, marking the first time ES cells have been used to treat human diseases in Japan.

The National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) announced on May 21 thatitcarried out a clinical trial to transplant the cells into a baby with a severe liver disease. The transplant was a success, and the babys condition is now stable, according to the NCCHD.

The center said it was the worlds first transplant of liver cells derived from ES cells.

The baby developed a type of urea cycle disorder called citrullinemia type 1 in October 2019. The baby was just two days old.

The disease prevents the body from breaking down toxic ammonia due to a congenital lack of liver enzymes. An increase in the concentration of ammonia in the blood can cause permanent brain damage and may lead to death.

Citrullinemia type 1 is an intractable hereditary disease. About one in 530,000 people develop the disease. Fewer than 100 people are estimated to have the disease in Japan.

Treatment requires a liver transplant. But from a safety standpoint, it is difficult to transplant livers to babies until they reach the age of 3 to 5 months, when they weigh at least 6 kilograms.

The cellular transplant was conducted as a bridge treatment to improve liver function until the baby became old enough to receive a new liver.

The liver cell transplant procedure was performed when the baby was just six days old. Medical experts injected 190 million ES cell-derived liver cells into the babys abdomen over two days.

The baby was discharged from the hospital after the transplant. Then, around six months after birth, the baby underwent a living liver transplant from the father.

The administration of immunosuppressants prevented the babys body from rejecting the new liver, allowing the patient to be discharged from the hospital the following month.

The NCCHD aims to transplant ES-derived liver cells to five patients by 2022 to confirm the efficacy and safety of the treatment.

Regenerative medicine will become a great blessing for patients with a liver disease, said Mureo Kasahara, head of the Center for Organ Transplantation at the NCCHD.

Continued here:
Baby with liver disease receives Japan's 1st ES cell transplant : The Asahi Shimbun - Asahi Shimbun

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States like Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab and Chhatisgarh have said that passengers entering to the states even on domestic flights will be quarantined

The Shramik Special trains are being operated primarily on the requests of the states which want to send the migrant workers to their home states. The Railways is bearing 85 per cent of the total cost of running each of the trains while the rest is being borne by the states. Out of the 2,570 trains, 505 are yet to reach their destination, while 2,065 trains have completed their journey.

The doctor at Tanda Medical College in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh who was earlier tested COVID-19 positive, was reported negative on Saturday, said CMO Kangra Dr Gurdarshan Gupta. "One more COVID patient, a doctor at Tanda medical college reports negative, will be kept in home isolation for the next 7 days," said the Kangra CMO.

India will try to restart a good percentage of international passenger flights before August, Civil Aviation Minister Hardeep Singh Puri said on Saturday, three days after announcing resumption of domestic flights from May 25. All scheduled commercial passenger flights have been suspended in India since March 25 when the Modi government imposed a lockdown to contain the novel cornavirus pandemic.

- Union Civil Aviation Minister Hardeep Singh Puri

The government stated that people coming from other cities would be asked to be home quarantined if they do not show any symptoms of the lethal infection.

- Aviation Minister Hardeep Singh Puri

- Satya Pal Malik, Goa Governor on future of tourism in the state

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Coronavirus Live Updates: Highest ever spike of 6,654 cases and 137 deaths in last 24 hours - Economic Times

Peggy Cobb is one of the few individuals around the world who have experienced both the Spanish flu outbreak of 1918-19 and todays COVID-19 pandemic.

The 105-year-old Sandy Springs resident was only a toddler during the earlier pandemic, but she has vivid memories of it.

Everyones (homes) were in lockdown, said Cobb, who grew up in southern Minnesota. They called it quarantine back then. I remember my dad (Frederick Vanstrom) was called a couple of blocks (away) to help a friend whose wife had the Spanish flu, and she actually died. Dad was not allowed to come back to our house (temporarily), just like in here now. The (pandemics then and now) were an awful lot alike.

I was too young to remember anything (else) except we were in quarantine. I grew up in a family where we were so secure that somehow nobody ever worried about getting it.

Cobb, who has not contracted either virus, talked about that experience and more in an interview with the Neighbor before her 105th birthday party at the Hammond Glen Retirement Community where she lives.

Regarding todays outbreak, Hammond Glen, like some retirement homes, has not allowed visitors to come into the building to see residents such as friends or family members. But it has allowed its residents to go outside to see them. Cobb said living under those conditions has been a breeze.

Oh, listen. It hasnt been a bit difficult for me, she said. I am so interested in everything going on that, really, my life hasnt changed. I keep busy with all unfinished projects. I dont know what it would be like to be bored or anything, no. Im a compulsive writer also.

Cobb, a retired art teacher, lived in Terre Haute, Indiana, as an adult before moving to Hammond Glen in 2007. She and her husband, Jacob, were married for 59 years until his death in 2002, and shes has lived through 18 U.S. presidents.

During the Great Depression, her father owned a small bank that closed in 1929, so the family started farming to make a living. Longevity runs in the family for Cobb, one of six siblings, including five girls. Two of her sisters lived to be 104 and 105 and the other two died in their 90s, her son Bill said, adding its very cool to see his mother turn 105.

I wish I had her energy, her mind still being as sharp as it is, he said. I think its part of whats made her last this long. She just has an intense curiosity about the world. She has a saying thats on her refrigerator that says, Learn something new every day. Shes also one of these people that, no matter what happens, she always finds a way to make lemonade out of lemons. Those two things together, plus genetics.

Cobb has two sons, Bill and Pete, and two grandchildren. Her daughter, Katy, died in her 50s. Cobb said her positive attitude has helped her live over a century.

When we were growing up, we revered nature, that sort of thing, she said. I guess curiosity is one of the big words. (Regarding) the lockdown here, I could cope with that just fine. I just think one of the saddest things Ive seen living in this place is when you know somebody whos had an active mind and everything, and then you see the mind deteriorate. If its a physical thing taking it, they cant do anything about it. I think a lot of the people, they lose interest in everything.

Cobb also said everyone should share your ideas, one of many quotes or phrases she loves to cite.

She loves sayings, her son said. Her refrigerators full of them, and the last one she would share with (others) is: Stay flexible and youll never get bent out of shape. And one she got from her parents, that was, Furnish your mind well and you always have a comfortable place to live. Those are two of her favorites.

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Sandy Springs woman, 105, reflects on living through the Spanish flu and COVID-19 pandemics - MDJOnline.com

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Global Precision Medicine Software Market To Witness The Highest Growth Globally In Coming Years 2020-2026 - Cole of Duty

New York: Cigarette smoke spurs the lungs to make more of the receptor protein which the novel coronavirus uses to enter human cells, according to a study which suggests that quitting smoking might reduce the risk of a severe coronavirus infection. The findings, published in the journal Developmental Cell, may explain why smokers appear to be particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 disease.

"Our results provide a clue as to why smokers who develop COVID-19 tend to have poor clinical outcomes," said study senior author Jason Sheltzer, a cancer geneticist at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the US.

"We found that smoking caused a significant increase in the expression of ACE2, the protein that SARS-CoV-2 uses to enter human cells," Sheltzer said.

According to the scientists, quitting smoking might reduce the risk of a severe coronavirus infection.

However, some require intensive care when the sometimes-fatal virus attacks, the researchers said.

In particular, they said three groups have been significantly more likely than others to develop severe illness -- men, the elderly, and smokers.

Turning to previously published data for possible explanations for these disparities, the scientists assessed if vulnerable groups share some key features related to the human proteins that the coronavirus relies on for infection.

First, they said, they focused on comparing gene activity in the lungs across different ages, between the sexes, and between smokers and nonsmokers.

The scientists said both mice that had been exposed to smoke in a laboratory, and humans who were current smokers had significant upregulation of ACE2.

According to Sheltzer, smokers produced 30-55 per cent more ACE2 than their non-smoking counterparts.

While the researchers found no evidence that age or sex impacts ACE2 levels in the lungs, they said the influence of smoke exposure was surprisingly strong.

However, they said, the change seemed to be temporary.

According to the data, the level of the receptors ACE2 in the lungs of people who had quit smoking was similar to that of non-smokers.

The study noted that the most prolific producers of ACE2 in the airways are mucus-producing cells called goblet cells.

Smoking is known to increase the prevalence of such cells, the scientists said.

"Goblet cells produce mucous to protect the respiratory tract from inhaled irritants. Thus, the increased expression of ACE2 in smokers' lungs could be a byproduct of smoking-induced secretory cell hyperplasia," Sheltzer explained.

However, Sheltzer said other studies on the effects of cigarette smoke have shown mixed results.

"Cigarette smoke contains hundreds of different chemicals. It's possible that certain ingredients like nicotine have a different effect than whole smoke does," he said.

The researchers cautioned that the actual ACE2 protein may be regulated in ways not addressed in the current study.

"One could imagine that having more cells that express ACE2 could make it easier for SARS-CoV-2 to spread in someone's lungs, but there is still a lot more we need to explore," Sheltzer said.

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Quitting smoking might reduce severe coronavirus infection risk: Study - ETHealthworld.com