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Biotechnology / Pharmaceutical Services Outsourcing Business Report 2024-2030: Expansion of Clinical Trials and Need for Regulatory Compliance…

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

Biotechnology / Pharmaceutical Services Outsourcing Business Report 2024-2030: Expansion of Clinical Trials and Need for Regulatory Compliance Boosting CRO Market  GlobeNewswire

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Biotechnology Market Size 2025: Innovations, Growth Opportunities, and Industry Outlook | CAGR of 12.3% – openPR.com

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

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Nestl strengthens R&D with new biotechnology and deep tech initiatives – FoodBev Media

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

Nestl strengthens R&D with new biotechnology and deep tech initiatives  FoodBev Media

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PeptiSystems and Asahi Kasei launch exclusive partnership on peptides – The Pharma Letter

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

PeptiSystems and Asahi Kasei launch exclusive partnership on peptides  The Pharma Letter

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Genentech expands to North Carolina with $700 million facility, add over 400 new jobs; company based in San Francisco – ABC11

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

Genentech expands to North Carolina with $700 million facility, add over 400 new jobs; company based in San Francisco  ABC11

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Anbio Biotechnology to Showcase Innovative Diagnostic Solutions at Key International Exhibitions in May 2025 – Nasdaq

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

Anbio Biotechnology to Showcase Innovative Diagnostic Solutions at Key International Exhibitions in May 2025  Nasdaq

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SANA Investors Have Opportunity to Lead Sana Biotechnology, Inc. Securities Fraud Lawsuit with the Schall Law Firm – Morningstar

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

SANA Investors Have Opportunity to Lead Sana Biotechnology, Inc. Securities Fraud Lawsuit with the Schall Law Firm  Morningstar

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India at the Forefront of Biotechnology and Innovation – OpenGov Asia

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

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Biotechnology catches up with the "water bear": tattoos created on nearly indestructible creatures – drivingeco.com

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

Biotechnology catches up with the "water bear": tattoos created on nearly indestructible creatures  drivingeco.com

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Researchers at Keralas Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology discover method to target drug-resistance i – Times of India

May 17th, 2025 2:50 am

Researchers at Keralas Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology discover method to target drug-resistance i  Times of India

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Stem Cell Therapy Market Set to Witness Accelerated Growth Amid Expanding Applications – openPR.com

May 17th, 2025 2:49 am

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Editorial: Epigenetics and stem cell therapy in cancer and diseases – Frontiers

May 17th, 2025 2:49 am

Editorial: Epigenetics and stem cell therapy in cancer and diseases  Frontiers

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Critical Appraisal of Evidence on Platelet-Rich Plasma and Stem Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Narrative Review – Cureus

May 17th, 2025 2:49 am

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Unlocking the Future of Healing: Stem Cell Therapy Market – openPR.com

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How Long Will You Live? Study: Longevity Is More Lifestyle Than Genes – Being Patient

May 17th, 2025 2:47 am

How Long Will You Live? Study: Longevity Is More Lifestyle Than Genes  Being Patient

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Genome-wide association and functional annotation analyses reveal candidate genes and pathways associated with various ewe longevity indicators in…

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Immune genes linked to bigger brains and longer lifespans in mammals including humans – Live Science

May 17th, 2025 2:47 am

Immune genes linked to bigger brains and longer lifespans in mammals including humans  Live Science

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Scientists discover what drives the maximum lifespan potential of mammals – The Brighter Side of News

May 17th, 2025 2:47 am

Scientists discover what drives the maximum lifespan potential of mammals  The Brighter Side of News

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Ccit et dficience visuelle – World Health Organization (WHO)

May 17th, 2025 2:46 am

Principaux faits

Sens prdominant, la vue joue un rle dterminant dans chaque dimension et chaque tape de la vie. On la tient pour acquise en oubliant que sans elle, il est difficile dapprendre, de marcher, de lire, de participer lcole, ou encore de travailler.

La dficience visuelle survient lorsqu'une affection oculaire touche le systme visuel et les fonctions que celui-ci assure. Chacun d'entre nous, s'il vit assez longtemps, connatra au cours de sa vie au moins une affection oculaire qui ncessitera des soins adapts.

La dficience visuelle a de graves consquences tout au long de la vie et un accs rapide des soins oculaires de qualit permet dattnuer un grand nombre de ces problmes. Les affections oculaires susceptibles de provoquer des dficiences visuelles ou la ccit comme la cataracte ou les dfauts de rfraction sont au cur des stratgies de soins oculaires. Cela est parfaitement justifi, mais les affections oculaires qui nentranent gnralement pas de telles dficiences (comme la scheresse oculaire ou la conjonctivite) ne doivent pas tre ngliges. Elles figurent souvent parmi les principaux motifs de consultation des services de soins ophtalmologiques.

Au niveau mondial, les principales causes de dficience visuelle et de ccit sont:

Il existe des variations substantielles dans les causes de dficience visuelle entre les pays et lintrieur des pays, en fonction de la disponibilit des services de soins oculaires, de leur accessibilit conomique et de lducation de la population. Par exemple, la part des dficiences visuelles imputables la cataracte non opre est plus leve dans les pays revenu faible ou intermdiaire. Dans les pays revenu lev, des maladies telles que le glaucome et la dgnrescence maculaire lie lge sont plus frquentes.

Chez lenfant, la cataracte congnitale est lune des principales causes de dficience visuelle dans les pays revenu faible, tandis que dans les pays revenu intermdiaire, cest plus souvent la rtinopathie du prmatur.

Le dfaut de rfraction non corrig demeure lune des principales causes de dficience visuelle chez lenfant et chez ladulte, dans tous les pays.

lchelle mondiale, au moins 2,2milliards de personnes ont une dficience visuelle de prs ou de loin. Pour au moins 1milliard de ces personnes, soit prs de la moiti dentre elles, la dficience visuelle aurait pu tre vite ou na pas encore t prise en charge.

Chez ce milliard de personnes, les principales affections entranant une dficience touchant la vision de loin ou une ccit sont la cataracte (94 millions), le dfaut de rfraction (88,4millions), la dgnrescence maculaire lie lge (8millions), le glaucome (7,7millions) et la rtinopathie diabtique (3,9 millions) (1). La principale affection causant une dficience visuelle de prs est la presbytie (826millions) (2).

Pour ce qui est des diffrences rgionales, on estime que dans les rgions revenu faible ou intermdiaire, la prvalence des dficiences touchant la vision de loin est quatre fois plus importante que dans les rgions revenu lev (1). En ce qui concerne la vision de prs, les taux de dficience visuelle non pris en charge sont, daprs les estimations, suprieurs 80% en Afrique subsaharienne occidentale, orientale et centrale, tandis que les taux comparatifs dans les rgions revenu lev dAmrique du Nord, dAustralasie, dEurope occidentale et dAsie-Pacifique seraient infrieurs 10% (3).

La croissance dmographique et le vieillissement de la population devraient accrotre le risque que davantage de personnes soient atteintes dune dficience visuelle.

Impact individuel

Les jeunes enfants atteints prcocement dune dficience visuelle irrversible peuvent connatre un retard de dveloppement moteur, psychologique, social, cognitif et du langage qui aura des consquences tout au long de leur vie. Les enfants dge scolaire ayant une dficience visuelle peuvent galement avoir des niveaux de russite scolaire infrieurs.

La dficience visuelle a de graves rpercussions sur la qualit de vie des populations adultes. Les adultes ayant une dficience visuelle peuvent avoir des taux demploi plus faibles et des taux plus levs de dpression et danxit.

Dans le cas des personnes ges, une dficience visuelle peut contribuer lisolement social, la difficult marcher, un risque accru de chutes et de fractures, et une plus grande probabilit dentre prcoce dans un tablissement pour personnes ges.

Consquences conomiques

La dficience visuelle reprsente un immense fardeau financier lchelle plantaire: chaque anne dans le monde, elle entranerait des pertes de productivit estimes 411milliardsUSD en parit de pouvoir dachat (3). Ce chiffre est bien suprieur aux dpenses quil faudrait engager pour rpondre aux besoins non satisfaits en matire de dficience visuelle (estimes 25milliardsUSD environ).

Des interventions efficaces couvrant la promotion, la prvention, le traitement et la radaptation rpondent aux besoins associs aux affections oculaires et aux dficiences visuelles. Mme si de nombreux cas de perte de vision pourraient tre vits (ceux lis par exemple aux infections, aux traumatismes, aux mdicaments traditionnels dangereux, aux maladies prinatales, aux maladies lies la nutrition, lutilisation dangereuse ou lauto-administration de traitements locaux), ce nest pas le cas de tous. Pour de nombreuses affections oculaires, comme la rtinopathie diabtique, une dtection prcoce et un traitement rapide sont essentiels pour viter une perte irrversible de la vue. La correction par lunettes des erreurs de rfraction et la chirurgie de la cataracte comptent parmi les interventions de sant les plus rentables. Pourtant, au niveau mondial, seuls 36 % des personnes atteintes de dficience visuelle de loin due une erreur de rfraction ont accs une paire de lunettes approprie et seuls 17% des personnes atteintes d'une dficience visuelle ou d'une ccit due la cataracte ont accs une intervention chirurgicale de qualit.

Un traitement est galement disponible pour de nombreuses affections oculaires qui ne causent gnralement pas de dficience visuelle, mais qui provoquent de linconfort et de la douleur, comme la scheresse oculaire, la conjonctivite et la blpharite. Le traitement de ces affections vise soulager les symptmes et empcher lvolution vers des stades plus svres.

La radaptation visuelle amliore trs efficacement le fonctionnement des personnes atteintes dune perte visuelle irrversible qui peut tre cause par des affections oculaires telles que la rtinopathie diabtique, le glaucome ou la dgnrescence maculaire lie lge, ou tre la consquence dun traumatisme.

Les travaux de lOMS sont guids par les recommandations issues du Rapport mondial de lOMS sur la vision (2019) et la rsolution intitule Soins oculaires intgrs centrs sur la personne, ccit et dficience visuelle vitables comprises adopte lors de la Soixante-Treizime Assemble mondiale de la Sant en 2020. La proposition majeure qui y est faite est de faire des soins oculaires intgrs centrs sur la personne le modle de choix en matire de soins, et de le mettre en uvre grande chelle. En contribuant faonner le programme mondial daction dans le domaine de la vue et des soins oculaires, le rapport et la rsolution aideront les tats Membres et leurs partenaires dans leurs efforts visant rduire la charge des maladies oculaires et des affections la vue.

Voici quelques-uns des principaux domaines de travail et dactivit de lOMS dans la prvention de la ccit et de la dficience visuelle:

5. laboration de supports et de ressources sur les soins oculaires :

(1) GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-e160. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30489-7

(2) Fricke, TR, Tahhan N, Resnikoff S, Papas E, Burnett A, Suit MH, Naduvilath T, Naidoo K, Global Prevalence of Presbyopia and Vision Impairment from Uncorrected Presbyopia: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Modelling, Ophthalmology. 2018 May 9.

(3) Burton MJ, Ramke J, Marques AP, Bourne RR, Congdon N, Jones I, et al. The Lancet Global Health commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health. 2021; 9(4):e489e551.

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Vitamin A deficiency – World Health Organization (WHO)

May 17th, 2025 2:46 am

What does this indicator tell us?

Vitamin A deficiency results from a dietary intake of vitamin A that is inadequate to satisfy physiological needs. It may be exacerbated by high rates of infection, especially diarrhoea and measles. It is common in developing countries, but rarely seen in developed countries. Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in more than half of all countries, especially those in Africa and South-East Asia. The most severe effects of this deficiency are seen in young children and pregnant women in low-income countries.

How is it defined?

Vitamin A deficiency can be defined clinically or subclinically. Xerophthalmia is the clinical spectrum of ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency; these range from the milder stages of night blindness and Bitot spots to the potentially blinding stages of corneal xerosis, ulceration and necrosis (keratomalacia). The various stages of xerophthalmia are regarded both as disorders and clinical indicators of vitamin A deficiency. Night blindness (in which it is difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light) is one of the clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, and is common during pregnancy in developing countries. Retinol is the main circulating form of vitamin A in blood and plasma. Serum retinol levels reflect liver vitamin A stores when they are severely depleted or extremely high; however, between these extremes, plasma or serum retinol is homeostatically controlled and hence may not correlate well with vitamin A intake. Therefore, serum retinol is best used for the assessment of subclinical vitamin A deficiency in a population (not in an individual). Blood concentrations of retinol in plasma or serum are used to assess subclinical vitamin A deficiency. A plasma or serum retinol concentration <0.70 mol/L indicates subclinical vitamin A deficiency in children and adults, and a concentration of <0.35 mol/L indicates severe vitamin A deficiency.

What are the consequences and implications?

Night blindness is one of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency. In its more severe forms, vitamin A deficiency contributes to blindness by making the cornea very dry, thus damaging the retina and cornea. An estimated 250 000500 000 children who are vitamin A-deficient become blind every year, and half of them die within 12 months of losing their sight. Deficiency of vitamin A is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from common childhood infections, and is the worlds leading preventable cause of childhood blindness. Vitamin A deficiency also contributes to maternal mortality and other poor outcomes of pregnancy and lactation. It also diminishes the ability to fight infections. Even mild, subclinical deficiency can be a problem, because it may increase children's risk for respiratory and diarrhoeal infections, decrease growth rates, slow bone development and decrease the likelihood of survival from serious illness.

Cut-off values for public health significance

Indicator

Prevalence cut-off values for public health significance

Serum or plasma retinol

<0.70 mol/L in preschool-age children

< 2%:

2-9%:

10-19%:

20%:

No public health problem

Mild public health problem

Moderate public health problem

Severe public health problem

Night blindness (XN) in pregnant women

5%:

Moderate public health problem

Reference: WHO, 2009.

Source of data

WHO. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS). Micronutrients database. (http://www.who.int/vmnis/database/en/).

Further reading

Stevens GA, Bennett JE, Hennocq Q, Lu Y, De-Regil LM, Rogers L et al. Trends and mortality effects of vitamin A deficiency in children in 138 low-income and middle-income countries between 1991 and 2013: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3:e52836. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00039-X.

WHO. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005. WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598019_eng.pdf).

WHO. Serum retinol concentrations for determining the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations. WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.3. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011 (http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/retinol.pdf).

WHO. Xerophthalmia and night blindness for the assessment of clinical vitamin A deficiency in individuals and populations. WHO/NMH/NHD/EPG/14.4. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/133705/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_EPG_14.4_eng.pdf).

Internet resources

WHO. Vitamin A deficiency list of publications. (http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/vitamin_a_deficiency/en/).

WHO. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). Nutrients. Vitamin A. (http://www.who.int/elena/nutrient/en/#vitamina).

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